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Writing
NEW EDITION
Richard MacAndrew
Cathy Lawday
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
Map of the book
IV
Acknowledgements
vi
Introduction
Foundation unit
-)
9
15
20
stranger
27
JJ
37
45
52
57
62
66
72
77
14 Customer relations
15 Food for thought
L6 Literary figures
77 Stay healthy!
18 Sport for all!
103
Review unit
71,1
82
8B
94
99
ilt
Plartnittg
unit
anecdotes
2 Onthe road
;;i
3 Learn a language
language learning
Being green
Work to live!
I
I
work
layout)
'brainstorming'
media
lnrPruuing
and
isad va ntage.
deciding
priorities
clear handr.vriting
Bestsellers
hooks ,
self-assessmenr I
ielecting,ielevant iiiformation
using resource$
Family life
farnily
using 'headlights'
11 Jobhunting
jobs
,2
Getaway'
holidays
13
listing
questions
,sing a
'spidergraph'
crlme
opcnrng
sentences
14
l5
Gustomer relations
Food for thought
food
16"'filetaly figures
, ' gifts and books ,',
17
r.r.r;Lrrrging
deciding priorities
Stay healthy!
health
fS
'brainstorrnin g'
,r r:,rspoitiandleisure
Review unit
Lrsinq
cl-recking
in the exam
H,,,, :r-.:-:r :
H - .,- -.
-. rrr
t\\\
.,.,
Exam question
Skl/ls
past tenses
letter-rvriting rules
makir-rg requests
discussion essay
paragraphrng
Skills 2
disadvant
or-r
interpreting abbreviations
Task)
discussion essav
together
rnaking applicatiorrs
senten ces
discussion essav
reportlnE! oplnlons
u.riting a palagraph
INVEISION
Hor.v much do yor-r remember about the Exam Tips? Hor,v prepared are 1,ou?
Hrtu. ttond rrc rr^rr .t -nlichi-o
r.nrrr rrrrtrL')
lntroduction
Who is this book for?
This book provides writing practice for students preparing for the writing paper (Paper 2 lYriting) of the Cambridge FCE exam. It may also be used as a general writing skills course
at this level. It aims to provide both skills development and exam training; to cover a wide
variety of topics and functions; to draw students' attention to the 'process' of writing
through the stages of planning, writing and improving; to give interesting, motivating tasks.
Two skills development sections follow, providing practice in language and writing skills
that students will find useful in performing the writing task.
A further planning section gives students the opportunity to put into practice the technique
learnt earlier in the unit. This second section can be done in class or, if time is short, for
homework along with the exam task.
An exam-type question, for use either in class or as homework, provides realistic First
Certificate practice.
The unit is completed with an improving your work section to be tackled after the writing
task is finished. This section encourages students to revise and polish their work. It also
gives practical learner training ideas and activities both to help students prepare specifically
for the exam and to enable them to develop their writing and general language learning
skills.
lntroduction
'
The book begins with a Foundation unit which is designed to increase students'
awareness of key aspects of writing.
'
Each unit begins with a mini-syllabus to show students exactly which type of exam task
and which skills are covered in the unit.
Each unit contains Exam Tips which summarise key points to remember for the exam.
Some units also contain Study Tips which give useful advice on how to improve your
writing generally.
'
The detailed Teacher's Book provides practical suggestions, ideas for further activities,
and guidelines on timing.
The book finishes with a Review unit which brings together as much essenrial
information as possible for a final revision session.
Fosssxda*p*sx
assxg'
Foundation unit
two tasks
of 120-180 words
questions which
writing.
You should be able to produce different forms of writing, and may also choose to write
about one of the set books:
letters (both formal and informal)
article
report
an
a
compositions:
narrative
descriptive
discussion essay
-)
-+
-+
-+
-+
In this book you will practise the skills you need for both Part 1 and Part 2 of the exam. The
mini-syllabus at the beginning of each unit tells you which part of the exam the skills in the
unit are important for:
some skills are especially useful for Part 1 (e.g. combining information)
some skills are especially useful for particular questions in Part 2 (e.g. the language and
style of reports)
some skills are general writing and language skills that are important for all types of
writing (e.g. punctuating correctly, ordering adjectives).
Foundation unit
Look at the extracts below and decide which form of writing they are. Some extracts may
have more than one possible answer.
informal
discussion
l)hu.
Lre-
hd/
lonu
alo,k tlvee- or
fiur
3t G *
fh
.6.^ .-*!+*
t.
?"d
-L-"o.
* q*
Ad
t"
St @
/U*r*
\,, ft
e..*
(p*
9,^n
"^i *,* J. Lr
Ou-r
gardtn.
Cla*,rtwrra
1\*
dpymowus
aftv,ttlooud, on
' 4
4;
ue d.akt)W
owrlatA
ll,d. 'lr,
a,
A o\
flTJrlfrnr
0",,J"
dlzt W
a"
ffi,n'M
dL'. ttL
*nc,Bf,!,u-)
!*, *Lr^ rt't
*Lr^
;lk d*+t
X* o J*t
n*1D.3
ude(
!*'&
"*
o-vel.
On<- e4vc^t-15e o[ ,* l>
o.\onq L tU^f
t+-.A,.
Foundation unit
lvtqn aan l @
nt\d n6vt[ h
tu1u4
wJ
fi.arte\
The
ual
4ry
nar.Soafaadu,
will
be interested
Foundation unit
answer myself.
It's helpful to
see different
Foundation unit
One way of helping to learn to correct your own work is to use a correction code. Look at
the code below and fill in the gaps.
Correction code
Symbol
Meaning
V/rong
Sp
spelling
tabel
punctuation/capitals
i speak english
verb/tense
He come yesterday.
number
She watch
form
\ro
word order
\xnx/
G
TV.
eggs.
Right
He doesn't listened.
He's at the work.
omlssron
He tall.
paragraphing
N/A
not appropriate
wrong register
don't understand
not quite right
good
Dear Sir/Madam,
Send me information
He's at work.
Plawning tcelmique
fuarflqaesfiot:
Impmuing:
&
2)
Preview
Work in pairs. Choose one of the subjects belc.rw and tell vour partner about it.
Planning
{o,
ll
wN
Somo.
ji*
lo hax
^ur,loos
Chnsfu'*s ord
fro^ jo,t.
is whaf happuo/..
VJo,
had
ll
was a
\pial
lropical N\or
ity)
ho(
llic1rt, v
hor
tha
ot
id.
VJa
lo
rn,.d,
Whon wo arn'loj
'rla soon
I
I
frna\, a(
lo
pilol was
fuu.tark
lo
happon
fuq
tho, plol
lransrsisSion
'*::;
d fu o
rv,osl
? a&
a*nil [^
i!*1,^1)' '*n,^s'
totu,
Robin
Work in pairs. Which four paragraphs in the letter tell the story?
Put the sentences below in the correct order to match the story, then write them in the
boxes to give yourself a complete diagram. This is called a'flow diagram'.
\We landed at
Manila.
10
#rif
i"
:'
ii
i
f,
ti
n
u
i:i!:i:!!ll!i!!!)-4ii!d!:!l!:!l-):,lli3,Nr1?;';.iir;,,1;'';!j;1r1$!r:jr.r9r11rr1;:f,.r.t?!t!t:
first events
final events and outcome
Para 2
background
later events
Para 3
Para 4
Past tenses
1 Look
at this table. Fill in the Use column from the explanations on page 12. Fill in the
Examples column with examples from the text in Planning 1.
Tense
Use
Examples
Past simple
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
11
'$7e
time.
c) We use this form to emphasise the duration of actions/states which occurred
continuously up to the past moment we are thinking about.
d) \(e use this form to talk about an action/state ata particular time in the past.
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct past tense in the text below.
(be) once when we
(walk) in Scotland. We
in the morning and
...
......,
. ...
...
We
,.
awful discovery.
.-
......
.. ,
, ,.
.,..,..
12
Cross out the words or phrases which could not be used in the following sentences. There
may be more than one correct possibility.
About three years ago I had a job as a sales representative. I travelled all over the country
visiting different shops. One day
When
roads, my car
At first
then
when
had a flat tyre I stopped to change the wheel The jack was old and didn't work very well, but
After
I
was putting the spare tyre on, another car stopped behind me. The driver got out, with his
After
own jack, came over and started lifting up the other side of my car.
When
(8) he had
Afterwards
got tt about 3O cm off the ground, I went round and asked him what he was doing. 'You take
those two wheels and l'll take these two,' he said He
Planning 2
Look at these pictures. Work in pairs to make up a story which involves all the items drawn
below. Organise the main events in a'flow diagram'.
SruDY TIP T
You will not have time to write out a neat copy in
the exam, but it is useful to do it now so you have
something to look back at and revise from later.
14
Exen Qaesllon:
Itrprutittg:
self-assessmenr
Preview
Ar e v o u,'
f:,?-!.:::J*l'JJ1,,,""s
t::"T;':;;;r;
for caeh-or
Choose :r, b or c
ii.,." ,ai
uP
)our
"
'',:;",T,;:
s. iVlrr,
e,ow
not'
good traveller or
,':,:,t,";,i:;",r.moner,
1'ou do lirsti
,l't
J
[rassy.
ts,ta
'lllliiJ
y,ur t'tight
a Wait irr the ;t
b (io ro rhc lrr
r Chcck inttt a
'l
adies anC
rntend
getttlctten
f.'";.,.
do'
""
i'i::
a.broad' Som'eonc
You dre in a cafi
do
vort do:
what
'1 ;ii*,i,oeciali'tv
r.
you to try
dish'
15
llnit 3
On the road
Planning
Work in pairs. Imagine you are going to travel through Africa together on holiday. A friend
of yours is an expert on Africa. Write down the questions that you would like to ask him or
her before you go.
Giving advice
1
Put the prompts into the correct column in the box below.
Whydon'tyou...?
You'dbetter...
You really should . .
You ought to . . .
Swggestions
Whynot...?
Strong aduice
What advice do you think your friend gave you in answer to your questions in Planning
above? Make sentences from the prompts above and the pictures below.
16
t,tnit
On the road
writing task.
Punctuating correctly
1
Complete the table below by putting in the correct name for each feature of puncuation,
and then using a coloured pen, correctly punctuate the sentences on the right.
Feature
ABC
Name
IJse
Example
to start sentences
for names
with'I'
to end sentences
to separate
items in a
list (but not
before'and')
to add
information
to start
list
to add an
typhoid
explanation
to separate
items in lists
of phrases
to show
letters
certificate.
Ieft out
to indicate
possession
is time.
1l
jtzir
Z On the road
Planning 2
Work in pairs. A penfriend from another country is coming to stay with you. Make
the questions you think they will want to ask before they arrive.
list of
Look at the layout of the informal letters below. Are the following statements trwe or false?
#rW
ffi
a"*[l
f
2 You begin 'Dear . . .' and use the forename of the person you are writing to.
3 You need not put the date.
4 You must put the full address and postcode.
5 You can finish 'Best wishes' or 'Yours'.
6 You sign the letter with your full name.
18
Unit
On the road
Look back at the mistakes you have made in your last three compositions. How do you feel
about the standard of your writing? Add to the list given in the table below and tick the
appropriate boxes.
Good
Okay
Poor
Organisation of ideas
Spelling
Tenses
Grammar
Punctuation
Vocabulary
C)thers
Which areas need extra work? Your teacher will suggest ways you can improve your
weakest areas.
iiII
tT
ii
il
u
lr
SPELL/NQ
;7-6;Nr5f$TJNCTUAT IO N
improved them.
I
I
i,,t
19
UnitS Learnalanguage
Preview / Planning
'Brainstorming'
Wgrk in pairs. You are going to spend four weeks in the summ er at alanguage school in
Edinburgh in scotland. write down as many ideas, words and phras., ,, "yo.r".* i" L"ch
column below. Do not write senten.., - roi", are okay. Do noi worry about any mistakes.
concentrate on getting as many ideas as possible. you have five minutes
'V/bat
about Edinbwrgh
{Jrcff ,3
Learn a language
Letter-writing rules
Laying out a letter
ttalsintrl
s/zlll
fuor
fv1oro!,
?;"'ff^
:Li
11"o*,1o*.up
'bol
Arnu,jf
flnrru
M ha.
J'*
';til";t-.r;
l I
in .fc&lur/-l
. uo ^os| ol ;t.
* b;E ab* tlto(tw bnchoru IoL ,t!
1 rea(tl oaprcc;okc t (
fur, hpru
T'w=t
& ,Y* (l"nk J'
nuter
6dttn.i.
to .lng
,r^*^lt'l^J**5-'#"i,o
6t
Cldhes
'o"d
aouu
srlit
6L'241,L
'a-'iu
I lst to 240" J'4'
l-1,rolr".rcLots
dua,a
i,n, EX,'nAurgt.-
,-
uth
qd,^.
(^'2
d;i
b'
aw;L.
uta;t titt{o!J'
UPPlandsgatan 2
214 70 Malmd
Sweden
Eerol' uc;,rf''os
Lentre
II
Edinburgh
Dear Sir or Madam
next July for one
I am thinking of coming to Edinburgh
month to leam English'
special
details of your classes' any
Please could you send me
charge?
you
much
how
y", ;ff"r and
."*...
I would
also be gratefui
if
you- could
t":,tlf::.T"'on
:"1d
own
Does the centre have lts
to
somewhere
find
to
have
I
will
accommodation servrce or
staY mYself?
if you could let me have details
Finallv I would appreciate it
u" able to take at this time'
il;;;;;,oiation
;ffii;ui-,i.itii'ra
I look forward
Yours faithfullY,
Eva,?*sbn*
Eva Petersson (Ms)
lnformal
Formal
letters
letters
r'
r'
Yours faithfully.
/ Love from.
22
Neither
Fill in the table with words and phrases from the boxes below:
Finishing
Starting
Intimate
-+
Family
-+ hta fro^
Friendly
-)
Formal I
Da.ar
Formal II
Do.ae
Alta
,5{or
lils
(Wdrn,..
Lo'1u{ro^
Da/ig
Doar Mre
--)
You,s f^,fl^frtly
of lo'ta and kisscs
(t^
Dotr ],ii.a
Done
5r or fl/u,da,,\
Yotrre sinc,oro!
hopu
Eosf wishos
Making requests
1 Look
at the two letters in Planning 1 and write the expressions used to make requests in
the table below.
Polite
Friendly
Formal
Compare your answer with a partner and together add any other ways you know of
making requests.
2 How do you
23
Unif S Learnalanguage
are going on holiday for three weeks and you write asking if they will visit your
flat a couple of times a week to feed your goldfish.
You write asking if you can call round nexl weekend to collect a book they offered to
Yo,
lend you.
You write asking if they could send you rhe address of a mutual friend.
Your car has been totally destroyed in an accident and you write asking to borrow
enough money to buy a new car.
You write asking if they will guarantee a bank loan for you.
Planning 2
Look at the ex-am question below. Write down as many ideas and useful words and phrases
as you can in five minutes. Do not worry about the accuracy of what you write.
When you have done that, compare what you have written with a partner. Add any good
ideas of theirs and give them any good ideas of yours.
Then organise your ideas into a sensible plan for the letter.
'Do
Arts .
hor-trs
pu "Juk?
Amurr.n llislog?
lud ol Elglish
sla*
noussorjT
dalw?
how much?
done? Yes/No
pli-r,.q: ror.th-o^{lll:tn
lf vour answe,t,'ru.i
questr.ns:
i' 'vtt:"'r'tn ihink about these
:tlll"
iiffi ;ffi;i
..,|
ll
B:
[:
[1T
Oo Vou keep
d)
Do you look at
D;
.t
;i
2
'
[ il.;';::[lflll;it'
ntffit 'itl'kes
y., ever look at anY of it?
ol English
Do you collect examples
*i',linn'
Yes/No
about rt!
questions:
;ln
stru cture s?
.t
anY of them?
Oo Vou ever look at
25
Lhit3 Leatnalanguage
S'ork in pairs and discuss n-hich of the ideas given in the questionnaire you think could be
useful to You.
Which of the suggestions would help you to:
- learn from your mistakes
- remember more vocabulary
- learn useful phrases
- write more correctly
- revise more easily
Decide now which ones you are going to try.
26
&
2)
Preview
Work in pairs. Look at the people in the photos below and discuss them. Can you guess
their ages, nationalities, and jobs? What sort of people do you think they are? Decide on
their characters, their likes and dislikes, and their hobbies.
7#
When you have decided, compare your answers with another pair.
2l
Planning 1
The diagram below is sometimes called a 'spidergraph' or 'mind map'. It helps you to plan
out your ideas before you start to write.
In pairs, complete the diagram using the words in the box underneath it.
colour
style
28
size
nose
&jaaif
The words below can all be used to describe people. Work in pairs and put the words into
three or more groups. Each pair should decide for themselves how to g.oup the words.
friendly slim
Whlch (if any) of the words in the lists could be used in a negative or critical way when
describing a person?
Using the box below, make sentences about the people in the Preview exercise. Then make
up some more sentences of your own.
a
He
looks
like
as
if
film star
attractive
he's had a bad day
she's friendly
honest
She
a boxer
d;; ; ;;;
;;;,i; ;,;;iii,* n
Ordering adjectives
If there is more than one adjective in front of a noun, it
Example
wonderful
large
origin
old
round
Italian
wooden
shape
blue
size
opinion
age
29
a
a
a
a
a
a
Order oI adjectiues
5
3.................
7....,..........,,,.....
4""""shoDl,
"'1""""""
Now rewrite the phrases below putting the adiectives in the correct order.
a)
b)
c)
brown/attractive/short hair
f)
blue/large/roundeyes
IfL_t
Ll
TtrNTU
trDtrtrtrL
trntrnno
pr&OcweS
30
Planning 2
Draw a 'spidergraph' for someone you know well - a good friend or a member of your
family. Fill in as much detail as possible.
When you have finished, compare your work with that of other people in your class.
at the exam question below. Which of the following extracts from the
exam answers is better? Why?
Write a letter to your English-speaking penfriend, describing yourself. Tell your penfriend
about your family, job, hobbies, etc.
witfi hir
toW+W(
fie+her.
31
[l,J
t^AlVw
as interesting
as possible. Use a wide variety of
this
32
SA)
Unit
Preview
Find someone in your class who, in their own countrv:
Planning
Work in pairs. Make a list of the advantages and disadvantages of pocket televisions.
Aduantages
Disaduantages
'>a
l-lrlft
Paragraphing
'An increase in the number of pocket televisions will not benefit society.'
\ff/hat do you think?
Work in pairs. Look at the answer to this question below. The paragraphs have been mixed
up. Read the four paragraphs and put them in the right order. Write the correct letter in the
table below.
There are, however, some advantages. The pocket TV is very convenient, We can take it
anywhere and never miss an important programme Another good thing is that sports
enthusiasts can watch important events wherever they wish And one further benef it ts the TV
information services These will be available at any ttme
has
Letter
['rt rs
I'lt t'lt
Heading
[rrrra
lrrt r.r +
op,.rror-r ndur,l,rg.,
irr,rod.r.rion
disadvantages
34
Unsf
advantage
One further
Now work in small groups or pairs and use these expressions to talk about the advantages
and disadvantages of the following:
having a telephone
having a fax machine
being famous
allowing free copying of
audio and video cassettes
Planning 2
Using the technique practised in Planning 1, list the advantages and disadvantages of
censorship. Also list ideas for your introduction and conclusion.
Introduction
Aduantages
Disaduantages
Conclwsion
35
When you have finished your lists, compare them with one or two other people in your
class. Add to your list any good ideas that you have missed and give othei people any good
ideas that they have missed.
What we write
What do you write? Tick the appropriate boxes in the table below and add as many things
to the list as you can.
tn your own
in Englisb
langwage
notes
messages
letters to friends
business letters
letters of complaint
descriptions
formal compositions
narratives (stories)
Which of these are for your own personal use and which are intended to be read bv other
people?
What types of writing do you need for the Cambridge First Certificate exam
36
E( 2)
Preview
Rearrange the letters below to form words. Then write the words in the correct column in
the table below.
rpeload
sag
seeabttri
idwn
arillgo
ehawl
eonhricros
yiierelcttc
eaunclr owrep
lasgs
perap
ocla
luuniamim
ytrse
adapn
Sources of power
oHaue
endanger
sp
Endangered animals
you got an
cie s exp
Planning
Look at the questionnaire. Complete it by adding some sentences of your own. Then fill in
your opinion by ticking the appropriate column. Finally, get together with a partner and fill
in his/her opinion.
Use phrases from the box below where appropriate.
Agreeing
Disagreeing
Absolutely.
Yes,but...
Don'tyouthink...?
Exactly.
I (quite)
agree.
You
agree
Animals
Animals should not be used
to test cosmetics,
We should do everything
necessary to avoid the
extinction of any species of
animal.
Pollution
Nuclear power is the
'cleanest' form of power.
The nuclear programme must
be developed further.
Natural Resources
Widespread deforestation
must be stopped.
Food
38
Partner
disagree agree
disag ree
#ruI*
i;lr:r:r,',::,,:,',::,,:i;:':":!i',"i:'
6 Being green
',:ili;i'',1":i t.,':i;:i:t,.i;'"
:!i!, iii:tl:::iiillli
,
ti;illi:ili;,,,i,r:,:|,,.i.:::l::,,l.;i
liii'r:i:lii::iiil;;
',:i,,i:;iilii',tllt,',:,,,iiiii:lil:iii,:.iii!:',
li.
,it
'
\^lr\AT Do
, FEEL A9oul
fdlrtt-
rl
i to r
..?
A4RaE
wtr4.
lii !:i:i
7/
i::!:li:!:i
r:il
4i
DIRLINGII[M COUNCI[
i.a
REPORT
TRANSPORT COMMITTEE
4th November
eullcJr].llauL:ris
Tht last ten v
Darlingham'
5o'soo rh" r
increaseti fro
at weekends'
a-'-'-
1999
nr.unt of uaffic in
fronr 25,()00 to
[rom outside has
serr
fJ":if SlJlll,i*o
ffi".uu,".,,.u::li:'[.i:silS.E:l[li:,i:ff
in the
town
- esPeciallY
;"J,H;ifJ*TJ'n":*"
servrces
running; train
Recrrntntend atltlt't
our recommend^a!1on
carried out our promises'
should be used to
Siuct'rr'e have not vet
U'ag"t
y"u'
this
irnderspent on
'
is th.rt tlre S2(),000
olll
a1.a11 1l'trrk trn
pi.'*tia
39
{-lnlf
# Being
green
D[RL'INGII[fll C0UNCI['
-!:i;-'I - r -
Df,RLINGHflM C0UNCI[_.
REPORT OF THE
ENVIRONi\4ENTAL
_. _._
CONII\IITTEE
The c'nvironlnent is
the n.rutor conccrn
of our age. Many people
rhe-v u.uuta.ilk;;,,r
feel
l*:fl i*iu:":;.:"J,,.i1[1[J;fJ:n*t;;il'::ffi i
Planting trees not onlv
I
creares a more pt"ururt 1"-?.,l11store t]re balance of nature bur also
-a
. ou r a
p ran i
ffiffi}il
ili flJ:J,J :
[::,P
;;
Evaluate the information in the three possibilities above by deciding which plan is the
best and which is the second best from the different points of view in the left-hand
column of the table opposite. Put T (Transport), H (Hungerlink) or P (Plant a tree) in
one of the right-hand columns according to what you think. For example, if you think
planting a tree is the best plan from the point of view of the effect on local pollution,
put a P in the Best plan column.
40
Unit
Best plan
$ Being
green
to carry out
usefulness
efTect on 1ocal environment
Which plan do you think is the best overall? Which is the worst?
Now compare your answers in pairs and small groups. Give reasons for your choices.
rt,;5!ti!:i!r+iia&r:!;fii!:;:,:*;!.:rl,iiiihii.is:trl;:,;.!ii;i!iiti
Look at the layout and presentation of the three reports and answer the questions below:
Which report has the clearest layout? \7hy?
Which has the least clear layout?
Which report gives the most information?
41
{Jmif
S Being green
2 Now complete
the report from the Budget Committee below using some of the linking
DIRL,INGIIAM COUNCll.,
'-'-
-r-
-''-'
r-'-
Budget Committee
n-"*r,
r"
r"'-"received
:'
s"aagtr9
rt'nding',the' moneY to
J i t be nc ri t
"t
Hr.r n serr i nk
lilliJ
: I'
drrtr'
does not lrelp local ficollltnlollc\''
1:r,tpirsal
spr'rrtl local 1't'ople's
tlot an apPrt)P'"'''' t"t' ttr
-
---i--il;::
2TheEnvironmentalCommitteervoult'ITil'"tt:fl
5it^ppJ,'"a
::"r:
:i:ti;ff
iLIl li,
'
tt r
lf we plant a lorest' however'
town. It would,
much and might be unPoPular'
very
not uenefit the local people
has not
1T.*H*'"'#:tfn:?il$f:
bus and
end the money imProving
re PeoPle r'vou1d use Public
transPort'
Recommendation
programme'
42
-E ct\".bo. J
"Thk
is
jor
here to
Planning 2
Read the exam question below. Make a list of questions that the people in your town might
want to ask about the two projects.
Compare your list with your partner's. Discuss what the answers might be and decide which
project you think is best.
43
Unif
6 Being
green
Why we write
boxes
to give information
to make a complaint
to apply for
job
to describe someone
to pass an exam
44
WHY AM
Preview / Planning
Vhat is important to you in a job? Choose the five most important factors and arrange
them in order of priority.
l1 long holidays
[ ] free lunches
1 i high salary
i
Il
Il
prospects
45
tf
NURSERY COOK
for uP to
to provide wholesome food
situated
nursery
iod'"-ni'J*" in a day
in Central Oxford'
are
on
to 3Pm'
Hours are Mon-Fri 7 30am
t4'75 Per hour'
need apply.
ixpenence isn't necessary.
uommrtment is.
,* f"nh;;f*;i"n
ott80
147676'
C
Gold Touch Retail Secuity Ltd are seeking
applications from experienced store detectiaes to
coaer prestige retail clients within Bath and Bistol.
Also required
EVENING CLEANER
5pnr-7pnr, 4 days per r.veek. d5 per hour.
Training eiven. Call M. Harris ou
0112 052113
PART-TIME
REC/TYPIST/CLERK
Computer literacY and Word
Perl-ect exPerience would
be Pret'erred'
Hours to be agreed'
Pleose serul CY tu
Sttmlev-
Mrs M Clarke
Limited' StonLe't House'
D"liriif,"3'xt'f#il''
46
AU PAIR/
NANNY
Earn 85OO
per week!
DRIVE A BMW!
NANNY BEOUIRED
ASAP
Boysl&3,Bloxham
-Tel.Bam_6pm
Jane on
01 19_0249121
Ring now
o99t-060606
Utzi{
qualifications/
duties
tralnlng grven
uokiaq lor
NUR5ERY
full lminig
LOO
.lob
hours
pay
N\on4a
t+ls
7.3O0e,,-
hoor
7 Work to live!
contact
experience/
skills needed
COOK
d\ildM 3i'lu
3P-
pu
+\ud offiu
OLLSO
74+6+6
Which job appeals to you? Why? Discuss your answers with a parrner.
lnterpreting abbreviations
Work in pairs. Look at the job advertisements again and decide what the following
abbreviations mean.
a) am
b)pc) CV
g) PA
d)Mon
h)ASAP
e) Fri
f) K
41
Do you know what the following common abbreviations mean? Work in pairs. Use a
dictionary to find out as many as you can. Your teacher will help you.
e.s.
b)Tel.
c) RSVP
a)
'.
'l
i;,
-,,::,1.i--r-'
d)MP
g) km
e) BA
h)
f)
i)
esp
PS
i) Ms
k) oNo
NB
t) kg
i.:
Planning 2
Look at the exam question below. First underline all the information that will help you write
your answer. Then plan the structure of your letter using a different technique.
Dear Sir/I\4adam,
dev
;ilffi::::f
for
a number
of public ron.,ioirlo"iderable
fik" u,
A^and,a Forros(
Amanda Forrest
48
fi'
will further
ir.."ri'u, _,
RecePtionist
c.816,000
Ua-mprhi* ---l
t---
I
r
HOUSE
f t3.000_f
1
Otfice Recruitment
0191 747 0033
*oox;[,:;xi:*
SECRETARY
on W4W
Technical audio tYPing
inistration'
urld rotn" adm
Please send CV to:
Roser Richardson
House,
SurreS.Street,
-50
London tVlS 5E\..
,1'O AGENCIES
----J
glIT
,,Yl'1,,':"x;l
Hampshire
L--
14,000
i r;:il;* H{flrf,;.;"Jfi
I
t
I
I
FRIENDLY OFFICE
SMALL
"- .._ BUSY FULL-TIME
REQUIRES
RecepTroNrsr/TElEpHoNrsr
i
I
I
I
To woRK
tN A uNtvERstrY?
AD ilt t N t srnAro B/s
E c B EA';i
;,;oo
_;;
Chartered SurveYors
ReeencY Building
45 Maviair Road' St Albans
c,i"*, _,;::::,:triiitr^,,
PERFECT JOBS
49
Mp^
50
tu'tt
4y^ru
dn
Uzsit
7 Work to livel
b>gildn<r un -tl,\e,
to {ttr
s- Sh4 i s
ot
u.rLj
tuu
C-uatu
andJshe
hqs Freceths .
iloword isc ea&er
p,g.6.yq\ he rs
"f
ncn6rC tonSura5e
H"isc.Teeiet Far.$e
1 \7hich handwriting
scale
below?
EASY
0 """
'--' 1 """"""
J1/ .............
+......,......
'
DrFFrcuLT
ro
neeo)
Ask other people to grade your handwriting. Do you agree with them?
51
Unit
8 Bestsellers
Preview
write down the titles and authors of three books that have greatly impressed you.
work in pairs or small groups. compare your choices and explain why you chose
Planning
You have to write an article for the class magazine about a book you have
read recently.
Look at the list of points below and cross ou"t those that you think would
not be relevant in
such an article.
differences.
52
Unit
..;)
r
;l
ta
; i ' ''
';
.."
Bestsellers
,.
;r.li;i!ri,i,il:i::,:,::
r:!;,i i i;i;!;!i;
l;::f;
!: l!:,:!:!t l!:fiqt,j;,r1!;,,,!;!J;5iri,;,;!i{,:i;
Ifyou're
ofdetective stories,
There
a fan
of
is
Edinburgh's Criminal
of
solved
entirely satisfied.
Despite
nineteen-year-old daughter, he is
with people.
consprracy
character
with an intelligent approach to his
Skinner
suspense
title.
t
international
Choose the best title for the article from the list below.
a) Why
There is an
{iet,
Unii
Bestsellers
choose an appropriate heading for each paragraph from the list below.
2 | .................
3 | .......................
4 | .,...-,,,,-..--.-...........
Expressing attitude
work in pairs. complete the table below.
Verb
Ad jectiue
amuse
amuslng
lmpress
interesting
!,.!,;-;---i;.rr;,,.,,..........1.
exciting
thrill
boring
convince
delight
.qrr..!rJdaa
fascinating
offend
depress
annoy
rrntatlng
5+
if necessary.
#*lr 5 Bestsellers
Look at these
f-z--'-';,---:.,-
fn.,..,i'. f"r'.rY.rrl)
\-
anno\,me. /
U-/-/
Work in small groups. Choose six of the following types of books. IJse some of the words
from the table opposite and tell each other what you think.
storles westerns
books novels
comic books grammar books
romantrc
science
detective
fiction
stories
biographies
cookery books
travel books thrillers
this book
*4,6esrs
art
Planning 2
Choose one of the books you talked about in the Preview exercise and make a list of points
about why you like this book. Try and think of six to eight different reasons.
Exchange lists with a partner. Read your partner's list and decide
list are relevant. If you think some of them are not, discuss them.
55
Umit
Bestsellers
Using resources
English-English dictionary
bilingual dictionary
coursebook
English-language radio and TV programmes
English-language films ar the cinema
English-language books, magazines, etc.
Can you
Make enquiries to find o.ut whether you can find other resources you think might be
'unavailable', for example:
- 4tk local newsagents' shops and bookshops if they could order English-language items
for you.
- If your school has. a librarr, alk if they could get more English-language books.
- Ask at the local library for information about English clubs.
- Ask your teacher for informarion abour gerting an Engrish-speaking penpal.
- Ask your teacher or bookshop to recommend good coursebook, or"grr--ar reference
books.
- Ask other students in your school if they could lend you English-language books.
- $t\ family or friends who travel abroad to bring back Engli"sh-1""g;rg;.rewspapers,
leaflets,
etc. for you.
Make a written note_of things such as the times of English-language radio and TV
programmes, the addresses of English-language clubs, penpal organisations, etc.
I
I
!
r
I
56
Family Iife
Preview
Work in small groups. Discuss the following quotations. Do you agree or disagree with
them? Give reasons.
iJ*rr
Family life
Planning
Work in pairs and plan your composition by adding notes to the diagram below.
cM ne[/
a$z.t
lOoK
hidrcA
Reasons FoR
RtAronS AafitNSl
ot* peDpte liviA!
aamilt65
+ArlAilies
wtth rheif
your thoughts.
"l
58
Wirh
*eir
Uni?
Family life
at the four paragraphs below. Which would be the best opening for the composition
in Planning 1? What is wrong with the others?
My next door neighbour is 73 years old and she lives on her own. Her son lives quite nearby.
He comes round twice a week to check on her.
people to live on their own or in old people's homes rather than with their families. People
from other cultures often find this practice barbaric, but are they rightT
C Of course
ln some ways it is a good idea for old people to live with their families, and in some ways it is
not. Some people might be very happy to have their old relatives livrng with them. Some old
people might not want to live with their family.
Now look at these four paragraphs. Which would be the best closing paragraph for the
composition? What is wrong with the others?
ln my country we do not have the terrible situation of old people living in hospital because
they have nowhere else to go. Furthermore, because we look after old people in the family,
there are very few old people's homes.
B They have great knowledge and experience which they can pass on. lf they have a pension,
they can help financially. And of course they can help with the babysitting and housework and
so on.
them.
D I will never
live with my family when I grow old. N,4y cousin's parents lived with him and they
both survived into their nineties. He never had any independence at all.
59
Unft
Family life
Now work with a partner. Look at the exam question opposite and work out a good
opening and a good closing paragraph.
oft en
familieE
barbaric; but
a good idea
i"16
stresses that families are important and teaches the grandchildren a proper respect for the
elderly. The grandparents are able to help the parents with the benefit of their knowledge and
experience; and to give practical assistance with things like housework, baby-sitting, and so on.
There is also the moral argument that the grandparents looked after the parents when they were
children so now it ls time for them to repay the debt.
There are, however, reasons why it is not such a good idea. People do not always get on very
well with their parents-in-law and if the grandparents try to interfere in the life of the family too
much it could cause serious problems. Furthermore when the grandparents become very old
and frail, it may take a lot of time to look after them. This sort of care is best provided by experts
in an old people's home.
Planning 2
Look at the exam question. Use the techniques you practised in Planning 1 to plan your
composition. Use the opening and closing paragraphs you worked out in exercise 4 above.
When you have finished, compare your plan with your partner's and
yours or theirs.
60
see
Unit
# Family life
frequently.
Record new words on a cassette which you listen to regularly.
ril/rite new words on pieces of paper which you
stick on the wall in your bedroom.
Look through your lists of new words regularly so that you don't forget them.
Tty and use the new words when you speak.
Try and use the new words when you write.
Talk to other people in your class. Find out how they learn new words and expressions.
What new techniques can you use to help your memory?
61
Us-s&*
K0 Shop
Preview
lmagine you are in a department store. Which department would you go to to buy the
following items? Put them in the right column in the table below.
a doll
a tennis racquet
a rugby ball
a novel
a
a
a
a
sweater
tie
toaster
vase
Menswear
Books
a shirt
a travel guide
a shuttle cock
a light bulb
Electrical
China
a dish
a teddy bear
a food processor
Toys
an encyclopedia
a bowl
a model boat
Sports
goods
Planning
1 Imagine you and your partner are putting together a directory of shops in your local area.
You have to draw up a questionnaire that you can fill in for each shop. Make a list of
questions to include on the questionnaire.
Think about:
62
size
location
range of goods
quality of goods
service
methods of payment
any special features, etc.
Choose a shop you both know well. Work out what answers you might give for the shop
you have chosen.
Claridge's,
LOCATI
1u1-24
N:
The store is situated on the comer of Mitre St and Market St, close to the centre
of town. Even though this is not the ideal location, it is close enough to the
High St to attract many casual shoppers.
DE
PARTME NTS:
It's a really big shop and there are lots of different departments. I'm going to put
a complete list at the bottom of this report. I fbund almost all the departments I
expected but I was pretty surprised when I discovered they didn't have a music
department which sold CDs and things like that. I mean I expect to be able to
buy CDs in a depaftment store.
RANGE OF GOODS:
Although there is a wide range ofproducts, there is not a great choice ofbrand
names within each product. The electronics department, for example, sells every
kind of device you could possibly want. However, there are only two different
brands of television and three makes of cassette recorder.
OUALITY:
Despite the narrow range ofbrand names, the quality is very high. Products
have been chosen for reliability, excellence and value for money.
One of the paragraphs above is written in an inappropriate style. Which paragraph is it?
What is wrong with the style?
2 Work in pairs
3
Read through the other paragraphs again and underline any words or expressions which
you think might be useful when writing other reports.
63
Study the sentences below which have been taken from the report about Claridge's and
put a circle around the linking words of concession. One has already been done for you.
ven thou
is not the ideal location, it is close enough to the High St to attract many
casual shoppers.
Although there is a wide range of products, there is not a great choice of brand names within
each product.
The electronics depaftment, for example, sells every kind of device you could possibly want.
However, there are only two different brands of television and three makes of cassette
recorder.
Despite the narrow range of brand names, the quality is very high.
Rewrite the four sentences above using a different linking word of concession. Make any
changes necessary so that the sentence is grammatically correct.
Change the sentences below so that they are grammatically correct. One sentence is
correct and does not need changing.
a) Despite the staff are generally polite and efficient, we did meet one unhelpful assistant.
b) Even although credit cards are not accepted, Claridge's has its own storecard.
f)
Planning 2
Read the exam question below and make a list of the questions that your report
answer.
will
need to
64
1 Look back at the last few compositions you have written. How do you feel about the
standard of your writing? Add to the list in the table below and tick the appropriate boxes.
Good
Okay
Poor
Organisation of ideas
Spelling
Tenses
Grammar
Punctuation
Vocabulary
Paragraphing
Now compare your answers with your self-assessment in Unit 2. Which areas of your writing
still need extra work? Your teacher will suggest ways you can improve your weakest areas.
;:
;
before the
exam.
I
3
-!.3..i.!ii:-.:.rftr.i
ii..7is
r-Gi:-..!:::1ys!.rrrr?rtF.&rsE::r:.:x?rislwJt::;trzr,."ro.w;:;:r:.*i
s.e...
How do you feel about your performance on the different types of quesrion in First
Certificate? Tick the appropriate boxes.
Units
narratives (stories)
reports
6, 10
discussion essay
5g
descriptions
informal letters
formal letters
article
HaPPv
Okal,
Unhappy
3,7
Unit ff Jobhunting
listing questions
recog5uising topic and illusuative sentences (Farts 1 & 2)
making applications (Part 2)
for,mal letrer: application (Pan 2l
planning in the exam
Preview
Arrange these jobs in order of appeal.
pilot
most appealing
4
stockbroker
______;i,
cupUNcTURt STs'
coNvENTloN
teacher
,rr/
,,,rtr///,
office cleaner
chef
lion tamer
surgeon
banker
confidence trickster
police officer
least appealing
Compare your answers with a partner. Give reasons for your answers. Be prepared to report
back on your partner's opinions.
Planning
Look at the four job advertisements below. Imagine you are going to interview candidates
for these jobs. Work in pairs and make a list of the questions you would ask in each case.
66
l-7.
St Anne's School
Chiswick
require a teacher of
FRENCH & RUSSIAN
from September
ApplV,in writing to
Ms. R. Jameson M.A.
Headteacher.
SNAKE HANDTER
Put the questions into groups according to the kind of information they are trying to find
out about the candidate. Compare with another pair how you have grouped your questions
and discuss the reasons for your groupings.
Study the paragraphbelow. The underlined sentence is the 'topic sentence', the sentence
which introduces the topic, or subject, of the paragraph. The four sentences which follow
are 'illustrative sentences', which give more information, more details, examples, to expand
on the topic.
I really like mv new job. The people I work with are friendly and helpful, The job enables me
to travel quite a lot- both in this country and occaslonally abroad. Although it's not terribly
well paid, it's not too stressful and the holidays are good. This means that I have both the free
Look at the jumbled letter of application on the next page. Put the paragraphs in the
correct order by matching eachparagraph with a heading from the table below. Then
order the sentences correctly within each paragraph and identify which is the topic
sentence in each paragraph. Complete the table with your answers. The first paragraph has
been done for you.
Paragraph
Heading
Sentences
Topic sentence
ed
Qualifications
Experience
Languages
Reason for application
67
Unit ?7 Jobhunting
12 Priory Road
Scarborough
North Yorkshire
19th November 1999
The Personnel Officer
Angus Hotel GrouP
75-81 Sauchiehall
St
Glasgow
or Madam,
4"t
en
in ho
r
a
in'a
w't^'d in
de-""'
nt'
ot areas including
oi
'
tluently having
te) The first. French' I speak
and some rtalian'
sp'nish
if,l i;il:;"t g""a lansuages well'
i';' i ;;.;k.J"'-fo"ign
(i)
(k)
international clientele.
I would also like to live and work in Glasgorv - the citt' *'hc're I
frierrcls still live'
was brought up as a child and where most of my familf irnd
read'
I
(m) First. hr',rlg worked as a deputy manager for.several ]'erlrs' norv feel
manager'
a
to take on the challenge and responsibility of being
G) lr.r"
Hotels'
(o) I have both an external qualification as well as internal certificates from Fiesta
of training courses run by Fiesta Hotels'
ioi ," addition to that, I have attended a number and
Catering Institute of
iqi i"iii^ffy I obtained a diploma from the Hotel
Management Association.
/ P
?-c'/'1
f. D. Ferguson
68
a,w14
Making applications
Now look at the complete letter of application on page 70. Underline any words or
expressions which you think might be useful in otherletters of application.
:i:
l$
ir
aa
Planning 2
Look back at the questions you wrote in Planning 1 and answer as many of them as you can
about yourself relating to the composition question below. Organise the information into
groups as you did in Planning 1.
{lcntrotours \vuEcIr
Uazit
7l Jobhunting
12 PriorY Road
Scarborough
North Yorkshire
19th November 1'999
The Personnel Officer
Ansus Hotel GrouP
75:81Sauchiehall
St
Glasgow
as
at the Glasgow Angus
qrrli{it"tio""'ltil;;
'nd
lntg"ge
Institute of Management
of training' courses run
ne, fire Prevention' and
nlques.
jffiff$lttX5t"
in hotel Tlnasem:nt' For
I have considerable experience
Fiesta' In previous post
the last
been deputv
a wide
*'""*Ji;;il;'itntt'oto"gh
ttttption' personnel and
.f ,.;;;;.i;;;; h.r,Jkttpi"g'
variety
fri.i;li.h;t'ls
lT.:J:
as
numher of
rer
"
cleputv man:rgcr for
responsirrilitl'ofrrei.gar
[::l;:'*il'liL]:Ui
,,
ftitt.tdt still live'
*y}"-ifv
;;il
"nd
from You'
hearing
to
I look forward
Yours faithfullY
/ P k4
'4'/1'd1''a
J. D. Ferguson
ii",f,lirl'J|Ji:'"ll;i:1""
where
ht up
as a
child and
Anit X Jobhunting
each composition.
planning
10
minutes
writing
30
minutes
improving
5 minutes
Whatever you do, the planning phase is going to be much shorter than usual. It is therefore
a good idea to get used to planning compositions quickly. It is also a good idea if you use
your planning time to write down some of the words and expressions that you are going to
use in your composition.
Now plan compositions for one or two of these titles in the time you have allowed
yourself:
3
4 \frite
a story that ends with the words '. . . the little boy ran up the stairs shouting,
"He's here! He's here!"'
I
+
used
]i
i:
ii
tg
t
I
t1
{",irnit
,,12
Getaway
Preview
Work in groups of six. Choose one of the following holidays for each member of the group.
Persuade the other members of the group to let you have the holiday you want.
a Kenyan safari
a camel journey across the Sahara
a week in the European capital of their choice
a cycling holiday in the Himalayas
Planning
A 'spidergraph'
(see Unit 4) is often a useful way of noting down information about places.
Complete this diagram using the words in the box opposite, adding some ideas of your own.
LOCAL
INFO(MATION
72
..,''."'.
nightclubs train
history
bed and
''
Getaway
Organising descriptions
1
It is a maze of rooms,
o matter from what direction You
approach the Potala, it always appears
as
unspoilt by its surroundings - it looks
there
,f it t-tna ,-to,hi.,g to do with them, floating
Chinese
the
west
on its mountainside. To its
dominant colours.
sight of it.
sevenThe present palace was built in the mid
Lama'
Dalai
Fifth
great
te..rth c".tt.,iy by the
a century
and it took thousands of workers half
metres up'
to complete. Standing over a hundred
the steps
switchbacks'
of
it is reached by a series
indeed
Dalai Lamas
Paladin
(adapted from Dartziger's Iralelsr Nick Darrzigcr'
988)
73
1 \7hat
2
3
4
5
6
writer describe
in
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2 Think of a famous
place near where you are now. Discuss with a partner and make notes
about how you would organise a description of it.
other ways.
Remember
at the text on page 73 and find prepositions to complete the phrases below.
unspoilt
hidden
concealed
decorated
covered
its surroundings
...view
.., a vast curtaln
, rich materials
300,000 ounces of gold
.........
,.
74
i":':l'ii'':"'i' GetawaY
Now look at the following sentences. Fill the blank in each with one of the followino
prepositions
to
of
for
with
pleased
She wiu;
Local people are often very generous ..................... foreigners who pass through
their village.
Boats between the islands are quite capable
.......... arriving a day late or even
verl
,,.,.,.,..
more.
9
3
..........
Going on a cruise is not suitable .....,................ people who get bored easily.
..-............
to
with
of
for
Add other adjectives to the boxes as you come across them in the next few weeks.
Remember that some adjectives can take different prepositions in other contexts.
75
l)ryit 32 Getaway
Planning 2
Look at the exam question below and draw a'spidergraph' including on it all the
information relevant to your answer.
Compare your plan with your partner's.
You will not have time in the exam to write out a neat copy, so now is the time to start
writing your compositions only once. You will have to do the checking and polishing and
make any changes to your first copy.
Make sure that you make any alterations neatly and legibly. Make quite sure that it is clear
to the examiners which is the correct version, and which is crossed out.
If
necessary,
write on alternate lines so that you have enough room for corrections.
Go through your work systematically. Look for the mistakes that you know you make the
most often.
How long willyou need for checking and polishing? Decide now. Make sure you leave
enough time.
76
UZI
,
Preview
Work in groups of three or four. Look at the sentences below. Decide if you agree or
disagree. If you disagree, change the sentence so that every member of the grorp agrees
with it.
c) People who drink and drive should lose their driving licences for ever.
d) k should be illegal for parents to smack their children.
e)
f)
Planning
Read the passages below. Each contains the first sentences of a novel. Work in pairs and
discuss how you think the plots in the various books develop.
The woman was lying dead on the floor when he came in. She was already dead and covered
up from head to toe but \Texford only knew that afterwards, not at the time. He looked back
and realised the chances he had missed but it was useless doing that - he hadn't known and
that was all.
I rnet the boy on the morning of the kidnapping. It was a bright and blowing day. The wind was
from the sea, and the piled r.vhite cubes of the city sparkled under a swept blue sky. I had to
force mvself to go to work.
fi-esh
Tom glanced behind him and saw the man coming out of the Green Cage, heading his way.
Tom walked faster. There was no doubt that the man was after him. Tom had noticed him five
minutes ago, eyeing him carefully fiom a table, as if he weren't quite sure, but almost. He had
looked sure enough for Tom to down his drink in a hurry, pay and get out.
77
l-t*ft
li{ Crime
doesn't pay
Saltfleet came back from shopping, three hours later, Geraldine was sitting on the doorstep.
He was delighted, but then immediately began to worry.
'\7hat are you doing here?'
She kissed him. 'I got bored so I thought I'd come and see you and Mummy,' she explained.
They went into the kitchen, and he unloaded his purchases on the table. Geraldine opened the
'I expect
so.'
a) a comma
b) a question mark
c) a full stop
d) an exclamation mark
e) nothing
5 lWhen is a paragraph
a)
b)
c)
78
indented?
lust that you've never got into the habit of telling me the truth have you l've made up for it
now I hope Have you Morse's eyes were hard and piercing, but to his question there was
now Morse remained silent for a while You think it's better this way
quietly But again there was no reply, and Morse passed across the statement
and stood up You've got a pen Sheila Phillipson nodded, and opened her long, expensive
no reply, Shall I sign it
he asked very
leather handbag,
l'n'id ;rnd
at passage C in Planning 1. How many different words can you find to do with the
see?
You will make your writing considerably more interesting if you do not always use the
simple words such as walk, say and see. There are plenty more descriptive words in
English that you can use.
Look at the word squares below, find as many words as you can that mean something
similar to the word that has been circled and write them below. You will find the words
horizontally, diagonally and vertically.
awm)s H x
}Tz{TUT
NUS URRI
D N Q S OR
EALHLYT
R MS X L V
ZOC HAS
O
E
PROMISE
flzr A NUA
/nlu v R s GD
\v/p o G r c v
Ycc u s Er
VSQETSS
OADMI TE
G
L
A
N
C
E
P
SE
TN
AO
RT
EI
HC
SE
79
Now work in pairs and rewrite the passage below to make it sound more interesting.
Hopkins walked into the bar and sat down. He looked round but no one was looking at him.
The barman walked up.
'Beer,' said Hopkins.
'Budweiser?' said the barman.
'Yes,' said Hopkins.
Just then a man walked into the bar. Hopkins turned and looked at him. The man walked up to
the bar. 'You can keep the beer,' he said to the barman. Turning to Hopkins, he said, 'I'm
'West
Goodman.
Sussex Police. You're under arrest.'
.<fr, ?rrfr
ir
5y001 1 CRY
L*.,LAt14
t,
ti
&l
t'
il
L'
2:*Giqi#!1/.hrli!diiii:#i;:Jnr1.\ir;,;!r;!5r*r!.frrr"s=q...14!:!ii;;9?rlfa.iBqa!,!;*nii{?;:r:i*:-
r6r..iibi,n;;qqiii
Planning 2
Look at the question below. Think of a good first sentence or two and write them down.
Exchange sentences with a partner and speculate as to how the plot might develop. When
you have exchanged ideas, draw a'flow diagram' (see Unit 1) to illustrate how you will
develop the story.
in 120-180 words.
"OK, sergeant, Scotland Yad'll handle it nowwhere exactly was tbe body found?"
limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work within the
time limit. Look particularly at your use of language and your punctuation of direct speech.
Remember your time
120-150 words: Okay. A lot will depend on the quality of what you write. However, you
probably hayen't written enough to be able to show the examiners quite how good your
writing is.
150-180 words: Very good. Just the right length and you have given yourself enough space
to show how well you can write.
180-200 words: Good. The extra few words won't count against you and they may help the
general impression that your answer will create. The examiners will only mark the first 180
words. However, they can give credit for anything extra that is relevant. So if you need the
extra words to finish what you are writing, that is okay.
Ouer 200 words: Too long. The extra words won't count against you, and they may
possibly add to the general impression of your answer. However, you will have wasted a lot
of time writing more words than you needed to when you could have spent that time
checking the 180 words that are important.
No/e: The examiner will not count the words in your composition but he or she will
immediately realise if your composition is too short or too long. You will probably know
without counting the words how much you need to write. However, if you want to feel safe,
count them.
'lfrite
81
{s V
Customer relations
Exam questioi::
Imp,roaing:
:,
Preview
Tick your answers on the questionnaire below and then work out your score. Compare your
answers with a partner.
A Eat it and
B
C
saY
nothing'
it back'
When
You have some photos developed'
rotice that
you
envelope'
the
ok. ;h.- o.rt oi
do?
il;;i;;. reproduction i' poot' what do vou
local supermarket'
"3 You buy a bottle of milkdoat yourdo?
You
it tart.s horrible' What
awaY'
it
Throw
A
s i;k. l, i"ck and ask for another bottle'
C Drink it anYwaY'
notice it'
B
C
it'
Score 3 points
:'i':;:fi'#'l?l;r"""0,e
;:::-J.H.':il$:t}::::l,..tru.r
82
Planning
You have had a terrible meal in a restaurant and are about to write to the manager to
complain. Look at the list of points below and cross out those which you would not
mention in your letter.
43 Wimbledon Ave
Wendover
Bucks HW3 5TO
23rd March 1999
The Manager
Plum Tree Restaurant
Hampstead Court
Wendover
Bucks
Dear Sir,
I
am writing to complain about the meal we had at your restaurant last Saturday.
not what I expect from
surprise
2
To my
the head waiter had no
Fortu nately
To make matters worse
83
or perhaps
the resraurant was not
E:J'hJl
HmI
Obviously,
naturatty, 4l
When we had ordered our meal, the waiter told us there would be a short delay. lt was
then 7 45 We sat and waited for our f irst course until g.45
is
you do not
Moving on to the food, the menu had stated that the soup was 'homemade' but it
rorlunatety
n
lo c rl',
'f
Clearly,
all
do not feel that the service or the food was worth the fl48 g0 that we
had to pay. I am therefore enclosing a copy of the bill and would be grateful if you would send
me a complete refund as soon as possible
Yours faithfully,
I
fr,AtLA
cl.l\Ntfl,t
writing
more fluent.
;t:
iti
:i
:t
'i'
84
ii:
When we had ordered our meal, the waiter told us there would be a short delay.
the staff seemed to take no interest at all.
is when followed by past perfect in sentence L, but by the simple past in sentence 2?
In which sentence can you put after instead of uthen? Discuss your answer with a partner.
2 Now join these sentences together with uben or after. You may need to change the tense.
1 She saw the fly in her soup. She complained.
2 The waiter brought my steak. The head waiter asked if everything was all right.
3 She saw the advertisement in the estate agent's window. She went in and asked about
the flat.
4 The plane took off. The terrorists announced there was a bomb on board.
5 \X/e took our washing to the launderette. 'S7e had a cup of coffee.
6 Our washing finished. We took it out of the machine.
7 I saw the dog in front of me on the pavement. I crossed over the road.
8 I picked up the newspaper. I saw the result of the election.
9 She arrived at the hotel. She registered at receptron.
Planning 2
Look at the exam question. Write down five important points that you should include
in your letter and five points that you do not think you should include. Look back at
Planning 1 for some ideas if you need to. Make sure you mix up the points.
included.
Write a lelter ofbetween 120 and 180 words in an appropriate style. Do not write any
addresses.
85
Eroto apu
o^a
IACKET
4s
is
loo
fu,o
* Tightly-fitting
rvr
liood
is
t
*
*
nol
rm
an
c1
too"A
,.tafuproof
Zippod potutk
Nol
laks in
hu'g
mia
drv
fulNho"bla
At the amazing price of d42.50 (includes postage)
Weathermrn Clothilg C)olrpary, 18 Ash
Iloribla
jrut
lld,
byf(
ulorr
limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work within the
time limit. Look particularly at the sequence of tenses, and at any words you have used to
convey attitude.
Remember your time
86
Look at these three passages from letters of complaint. Which do you think is best and why?
I hrtaanfi a
,ts vYtumo
as possible.
81
thought
Preview
Match the words to each picture.
ir
Planning
'Brainstorming'
You have:
three minutes to add to your list of healthy foods as many things as you can
three minutes to add to your list of unhealthy foods as many things as you can
2
3
Read the following extracts from letters to the local council and do the exercises below.
tv\t h-o)iaq
is thal sufury
rtp
a,taj]"
pn'tafu cl.'ub^
{a^o
vo'tk il
is an w'dlonl
fr'y v'tant lo'
idaa
n good iden
dnys'
89
reasons.
expresslng oplnlons
ln
1y
opinion ..,
grvrng reasons
aS
suggestions.
Go round the class. Read out what you have written to other students and find out what
they think. Make brief notes on what your classmates say.
90
Reporting opinions
A committee of the local council then had to write a report on how the townspeople
felt about the different proposals. Read these extracts from the report and then do the
exercises below.
restaurant would
lluny p.opt" predicted that a fast food
in
in noise and litter the town centre'
i""Ji"'""in.i.ur"
Look at the table below and write letters in the appropriate column.
FOR
fast food restaurant
AGAINST
A
Look at the extracts again and list the verbs used to report opinions. Think of other verbs
to add to your list.
Look back at the notes you made before about your classmates' opinions. Write five
sentences reporting the opinions of your classmates. (Jse some of ihe verbs from exercise
2.
Planning 2
Look at the exam question below and write down 25 words and ideas that you will need for
your composition.
Now use another planning technique to order what you have written.
limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work within the
time limit. Look particularly at the language you use to give,
iustiiy ard report opi.riorr.
Managing time in the exam
You should now have. done. some timed practice questions and be aware of how long it takes
you to plan, write and check your exam answers. Now is the time to make any final"changes
to your plan.
92
{"lnit
t5
You have to write two compositions of 120-180 words in one and a half hours. Fill in your
time plan below.
Actiuity
Minutes
wrrtrng
checking
final check
93
gW
Literary figures
Preview/Planning
What do you look for when you choose a book to read? Number the sentences below in
order of priority (1 = most important . . . 10 = least important). When you have finished
compare your answer with a partner's.
tr It musr be cheap.
tr It must have an exciting plot.
tr It must be by a famous author.
tr It must be about the present day.
tr lt must have an atrractive cover.
tr It must have been recommended by a friend.
tr It must be long.
tr It must be non-fiction.
tr It must have interesting characters.
tr If i read the first page, it must make me want to read on.
tr Something else?
Getting the reader's attention
1 Look at the opening paragraphs of different articles below. Which
I saw Moonrnker
I hate ]ames Bond! When I was sixteen'
d1oY,l^"
with Roger Moore as Bond' I hated.the c*,h"
everything
clothes f," *o.", his smug smile - absolutely
I
start?
shall
about him. Why? We1l, where
disappear,;;;;* hf_
L-,,- -, JLudu uoes rn anne Tyrer,
, tuai)io,iiJ:r: Hi:
lot of sympathy
ry
?rr
Literary figures
iH*Tii"l_}",j"::Jlli:?x,:liirde,he
{1+::".1il,i,;:ffi
Gaiman's Neyerwlmc, lvho s.rdclenly;,r;;."
,"
advenrure
srory that is
irxightful allegory on nrodern life
in the hustle and bustle of a
I:.
busy capiral.
i,:il,:t;i#:
intelligent
2 Look
ma
Rochester'
at the quotes below. Which paragraph(s) above does each quote refer to?
95
Relative clauses
Look at the sentences and underline the relative clauses.
a) The person who wrore that book lived in Antibes.
b) Phillip Swallow, who is a university lecturer, travels to a conference in the United
States.
c) You would like the romantic novel which I bought for my sister.
d) The book which would inreresr you most is cry The Beloued country.
e) This novel, which I read lasr week, has a wonderful plot.
Now.complete the top two lines of this table. Use your answers from question 2
to help you.
Type of relative clause
defining/non-defining
Sentence letters
Extra
o relative
| . relative pronoun
I b. omitted
cannot
96
Join each of the two sentences below to make one sentence beginning with the words
given and using a relative clause.
Greene. I read
it last month.
I liked . ..
4
5
people
books
like
'm fond of
'm not very fond of
don't like
can't stand
which.
that ...
who ..
films
characters
teachers
Planning 2
Look at the exam question below. Choose the character that you are going to write about.
2 Make a list of all the important things that the person does in the story.
3 Look at your list and number the different points in order of priority.
4 Decide how many different paragraphs your article will have and what each paragraph
will
be about.
5 Decide
HE I n ternq
R A C TERS
IN FICTIoN Co}IPETii;;"n,
"^'
;:,:':;:;.:'scri
br
ng
h''h"u't'i;;;'.;;i.;,,,
Look at the questions and the students' answers below. Which students read the question
properly? Which students answered the question fully? Which students do you think will get
the highest marks? Discuss your
".,s*err.
Think about a book you have read recently which did not end as you expected. Why did
it not end as you expected? How did you feel about the ending? What did you think was
going to happen? Do you prefer the author's ending or yours?
,n +l^a<. l,,aXs
hz urw^l/. nat
d" W
tW,'yl^L
1^ rw
rraa
'Tfu
,,s
yya^U
ry
nilw
+o
.rtafi
l"t ^
%.*b^" "it|,L
,7-
+),i^k +hrt
ru ilfl4/' lill
Tel.oafu,a.
uta,i d, nu*trettl,
.,{auU,
ntuo l,r{<. ,
tv."
il"rill*
./ r;u".1<tn fu
6ou
br6k- Der140n,6+r^r,
un
aa ,lL
<*feiuL. ,tnA
ati A,*rory
98
o&1
,4dt rct1,/*a
aaL
hL
Trf
u'ilo{",
8x
g7 Stay healthy!
Preview
Find someone in your class who:
is a vegetarian
takes some sort of exercise every day
Planning
1 Look
\7hat do you think are the main reasons that people live longer now than
100 years ago?
Diet
improved facilities
available to more people
Fitness
Educatic.tn
When you have finished your notes, compare them with a partner and discuss how you
would organise your composition.
99
ff f7 Stay healthy!
iii:iii: ili;1]1r::':il.t;:
lilrilili:::,,:;:1,1;!!,,::r;,liiis:i:y:i,I
ri
for
discussion essay.
tt
,i
Writing a paragraph
1 Look
at the paragraph below and match the correct label to each sentence.
One of the main reasons that people live longer is that there has been considerable progress
in the field of medical care Not only have knowledge and facilities improved but medical
services are also available to more people than ever before Many countries, for example,
have national health systems which provide free treatment for the whole population In
addition to this, people have become more aware of the importance of staying healthy As a
result, they take greater care of themselves and thus avoid many fatal illnesses and diseases
Sentence
Sentence 2
Sentence 3
Sentence 4
Sentence 5
example of illustration 2
illustration 3
result of illustration 3
illustrations 1 and 2
toprc sentence
Paragraphs usually consist of a topic sentence (see Unit 11) and illustrations and
development of the point made in the topic sentence.
Looking atyour notes in Planning 1, write another paragraph that might appear in your
answer to the composition question.
When you have written it, exchange paragraphs with your partner and
label each sentence in a similar way to the exercise above.
see
if they can
!i
ti
ir:
r!:
,ii
xt
,rrr:
100
:i
i ;r.",,,,..irlrrrrij.te:;i.rr"r.:ri,.ir.;r-..j
tir-...::rir;..t:rrrr.riirr.i.ii..:r:ii,;i.ii,rr:..iiii
,r,,,i;';!irili-;,j.rrlrii,.rr.a:,;e,:iirra..ri:liitit::!!!.r:rr.r::rt:i;l;:itti,i.:rrrtr.:rtr:1)]:1r,isr.rf;lrtri:!:;rriil
lnversion
Study this sentence taken from the paragraph in exercise 1 on page 100.
Not only have knowledge and facilities improved but medical services are also available to
more people than ever before
Planning 2
Look at the exam question on page 102. Use the table to help you organise your ideas.
When you have finished compare your notes with a partner. Decide how you will organise
your composition.
101
it
limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work within the
time limit. Look particularly at the structure of your paragraphs and any inversions you
Remember your time
have used.
In the exam, which mistakes are you particularly going to look out for? Look back over
your last few compositions and note down what sort of mistakes you make most often.
In the exam you don't have very much time to check, so make sure you look especially at the
areas where you are most likely to go wrong.
102
&W
Preview
Work in pairs or small groups. Decide if the following are sports or games or neither.
Planning
What, for you, are the most important aspects of any sport or leisure activity? Number the
sentences below in order of priority (1 = most important ......... 10 = least important). When
you have finished compare your answer with a partner.
E It must be cheap.
E It must make me think.
E It must involve hard physical activity.
E It must involve meeting other people socially.
E It must be something I can do on my own or with only a few other people.
E I must be able to do it at or near my home.
E lt must be comperitive.
E It must be a ball game.
E It must be something I can continue to do when I get older.
E It must involve animals.
Combining information
Read the two leaflets and summarise the information in the table on page 105.
103
L00I(
centre)
(incorporating the BEACT|VAIEfitness
Afterathreemonthclosureforredecorationandrefitting,theBartonSports
on uly 14th with
that it will be reopening
pleased,o"u"n-*rn"e
is
centre
and courses'
;it,;;
sQUrsH
H:lJ::: ;il;m'jffiH:lxx1lli?J:;H::['
uP
O T,[I GHI -
oR0ttERHoGIGY_within-lineorordinaryskates.Participantsmusthave
This season promises to
some exper'"n"" of skating'
t"ui' *ill' for the first time' play
be very exciting al tf''"
Wednesday and Friday
in a local r"ug'L' i'uining
at weekends'
evenings 6-8 o'm' Matches
TheFooTBII,I,teamwillmeetonTuesdayeveningsfortrainingandonFriday
talent is always welcome'
evenings for a match' New
p'm'
TheGYGI,INGsquadshavecontinueddespiteourclos.u.reandtherearestilla
p'm' or Friday evenings 6-8
few places left' Wednesday afternoontl-s
new members are
afternoon from 3 p'm' and
every
go
joggers
I0GGING
The
join them'
alwaYs welcome to
US AT
COME ALONG AND JOIN
Tne NEW
104
Ir00[
i*
(o
Cotro-
'g
c-a"'^t''rQ-
(otnla
irr
o tuDo:
rhe
classic
at 11 a'm''
JJT,}",H;
Your mind
l,l't;llt
at 11 a'm''
AEROBICS: Music' movement'.and
on u tttotsday' Mornings
time' Come and join u'
evenings at 8 P'm'
oBADMINTON;Ifyoudon'tknowhow-toplay'comealongandlearn'Wednesday
onlY - from 6 P'm'
"'Ln'ng'
wErGHrsj
t#::Ti:*:'l?H"J$J,1:x["i,::vo,,r,uno
a suitable
flEACT|VAIEis
Monday
Tuesday
Prograr
t00K
e'
\X/ednesday
Tbursday
Friday
mo_rnlng
afternoon
evenrng
badr in%n
lrom 6 p.ru'.
105
{."rnJf
Find the incorrect sentences. (Sometimes both sentences in a pair are right.) Look at the
other sentences and decide if there is any difference in meaning when the verb is followed
by a gerund and when it's followed by an infinitive.
1 a) He began to run after the doctor had told him to get fit.
b) She began running in 197 5 when she went to school.
2 a) She isn't very keen on sport generally, but she enjoys swimming.
b) She enjoys to swim in the morning when the pool is empty.
3 a) They tried to walk faster but the wind was too strong.
b) Their feet were cold so they tried walking faster.
4 a) \7hen I got to the top of the hill I stopped to look at the view.
b) \7hen I noticed the time, I stopped looking at the view and set off home.
afternoon.
b) Although the weather was terrible, he promised playing football with me.
6 a) She continued cycling even though her legs ached.
b) She continued to cycle until she was 86.
Now put the verbs from the sentences above into one of the boxes below.
106
to + infinitive
to + infinitive with
change in meaning
Now add these verbs to the boxes on page 106. Continue adding (to add) verbs
come across them.
as you
Planning 2
Think back over the time you have been using this book and make a list of all the different
techniques you have used to practise planning your compositions. Try and remember them
all - but when you get stuck, have a look at the Contents page.
Is there any technique you use more than the others? If so, which? Are there any techniques
you don't use? Compare and discuss your answers with a partner.
Read the exam question on page 108 and choose one or more of the techniques you have
discussed to plan your answer.
107
it n
Look at the note from the NEW t00K BARTON SPORTS CENTRE and the REACTIVATE
fitness centre and the timetable of their activities with the notes that you have made.
Then write a letter to the Director of the sports centre making suggestions for
improvements. ( 120-180 words)
INVITATION
The management of the NEIII t00I( BARTON SPORTS CENTRE
and the BEACTIVATE fitness centre invites all its customers to
write in with comments and suggestions on the service and
the activities we provide. We look forward to hearing from you
at your convenience.
108
ir
should havo dass
litru,
rvrorU
badr infun
\
morning \
afternoon
oftU
sossio^s
lit;-0, iod,o?
Monday
Tuesday
\X/ednesday
Tbursday
yoga 10 a.m.
judo L1 a.m.
T'ai Cbi
10-12.30
aerobics
11 a.m.
sqttash
squash
squash
squash
ueight training
2-5 p.m.
weight training
2-5 p.m.
2-5 p.m.
weigbt training
2-5 p.m.
tueight training
2-5 p.m.
jogging from
jogging from
3 p.*.
jogging from
jogging from
logging from
3 p.*.
3 p-*.
trammg
p.*.
Friday
Yr"--%
@-"
p.*-
to-,
cycling 3-5
squash
evenlng
judo
7 p.m.
squash
squash
football
tralntng
badminton
from 6 p.m.
yoga 6 p.m.
roller hocketr
squash
judo
squash
7 p.m.
cycling
6-8 p.m.
aerobics 8 p.m.
roller hockey
6-8 p.m.
6-8 p.m.
football match
squash
\10t3
^o
sr^all
0r
Pro1ran\N\o,
patu
a( ,,MkLndS
sqwash
- .ity ao(?
squash
squash
nothi,t3
squash
for
boSinnots
skafu hirul
that limit.
":
.::
109
Work with a partner and discuss how you might continue learning English. Here are some
suggestions:
110
ffis w
e6Kl-X8
listing questions
NAITATIVCS
'spidergraph'
descriptions
articles
questionnaires
letters
'brainstorming'
reports
selecting points
discussion essays
'headlights'
openlng sentences
boxes
111
g^
.."
."*:t
vv **/ri
112
important
unnecessary
ffg
esc?it
1 A parcel that was posted to you one month ago has not arrived. Write to the Post
Office explaining the situation, describing the parcel and its contenrs, and saying where
it was sent from. \7rite your letter in 120-180 words. Do not write any addresses.
A local magazine in your town called Tbe English Speaker is holding a shorr-story
competition. A prize will be given for the best story beginning with the words 'The
moment we met I knew something extraordinary would happen.'\7rite your short
story in 120-180 words.
of modern
telecommunications (cellphones, fax, e-mail, etc.). Your teachei has asked you all to
summarise the arguments and give your opinion by writing the following composition.
'Discuss and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of modern
telecommunications.'
Your class is producing a guide to caf6s and restaurants in your area. You have been
asked to write a report for the guide on one of your favourite places. Write your report
in 120-180 words.
2 Now compare
113
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"',-..*
O\z +Ag
tzlh fibrrtaS 1111
Orfurd
Xpo,,
Sirt
ho,.trs
of
E,13lish
is
il pu utuk
Joo Ji\/a,
loll
^r ,,*!,.pleoso,,
and
il i( is indodpd ^o
i^
ar
look:,tg
You.s
far{i"fu!
fur,,tard lo
,:o*
tha-
abo* trha
ruspo^s;,.
Carolo, ?oinlo,-aao
"\\
\",,\
:A;
114
s%*?.
fu, fo,
\pa of w.ummodahoa
PnQ,.
jortr
all