CHAPTER 4 : MATTER AND SUBSTANCE

1. Matter : Anything that has

and
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID

Arrangement
of particles

LIQUID

closely packed, .
. in an orderly
arrangement ,

.packed in an
.. arrangement

Movement of
particles

.and in
a . Position

Forces of
attraction
Kinetic
energy of
particles
Density

Move ..

strong

.. strong

.
GAS

.. far apart , in
an orderly arrangement ,
Move .and
..
Very .

CHANGES IN STATES OF MATTER

Process

Change of state

Factor
Heat is absorbed

Melting

Solid Liquid

Heating
Heat is absorbed

Boiling/ evaporation

Liquid Gas

Heating

Freezing

Liquid Solid

Cooling

Heat is released

Heat is released
Condensation

Gas Liquid

Cooling

Sublimation

Solid Gas

Heating

Sublimation

Gas Solid

Cooling

Heat is absorbed

Heat is released

Exercise
State whether the processes below released or absorbed heat energy?
(a) boiling: ..
(b) sublimation:
(c) condensation: .
2. State the change in the state of matter that occurs during the following process:
(a) melting : .
(b) boiling : ..
(c) freezing : .
Experiment
3. A student carried out an experiment to determine the boiling point of a solution. The table
below shows the result of the experiment.
Time / minute

10

Temperature / oC

28

48

68

88

102

102

(a) Based on the table above, draw a graph of temperature against time.
(b) What is the relationship between the temperature of the solution and time in the first 6
minutes?

(c) Based on the graph in (a), determine the boiling point of the solution.
Mark the boiling point of the solution on the graph.
Boiling point =

Aim :To study the changes in the states of matter

Materials : and apparatus : Ice cubes, thermometer, 50 mf beaker, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, tripod stand
Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
Heat the ice cubes slowly.
Record the temperature reading every two minutes until the water boils.