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16. IABP
INFLATES DURING - DIASTOLE - WHEN BALLOON INFLATES IT PUSHES BLOOD DOWN. THIS IS
WHEN HEART MUSCLE RECEIVES BLOOD SUPPLY.
DEFLATES DURING - SYSTOLE - LV BLOOD PUSHES THROUGH AORTA
17. IABP
PT MUST LAY FLAT
ALWAYS CHACK PULSES
MONITOR FOR BLEEDING
18. USES OF IABP
SUPPORT ACUTE MI WITH CHOCK
CIRCULATORY SUPPORT CABG PTS
SUPPORT HIGH RISK CARDIAC CATHS
19. CONTRAINDICATIONS OF IABP:
AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY
PERIPHERIAL VASCULAR DISEASE
20. COMPLICATIONS OF IABP:
ISCHEMIA OF LIMB
DISSECTION OF AORTA
INFECTION
21. SEPTIC SHOCK
SEPSIS USUALLY CAUSED BY GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA:
E.COLI
KIEBSIELLA
ENTEROBACTER
PSEUDOMONAS
SERRATIA MARCESCENS
22. PREDISPOSING FACTORS:
OLD AGE
GRANULOCYTOPENIA
SEVERE BURN INJURY
ALCOHOL & DRUB ABUSE
RECENT SURGICAL PROCEDURES
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (HIV, CHEMO)
PROLONGED INTENSIVE CARE UNIT STAY
23. SEPTIC SHOCK
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA --->
ENDOTOXIN --->
VASOACTIVE SUBSTANCES: CYTOKINES, BRADYKININS, INTERLEUKINS, HISTAMINES,
SERATONINS, TNF--->
VASODILATION
24. TWO STAGES OF SEPTIC SHOCK:
WARM STAGE
COLD STAGE
PRELOAD
INCREASED
DECREASED
DECREASED
DECREASED
DECREASED
AFTERLOAD
INCREASED
INCREASED
DECREASED
INCREASED
DECREASED
CARDIAC OUTPUT
DECREASED
DECREASED
INCREASED
DECREASED
DECREASED
PH
ACID <---- 7.35 - 7.45 ------> ALKA
CO2
RESPIRATORY
ALKA<---- 35 - 45 -----> ACID
HCO3
METABOLIC
ACID <-----23 -27 ------>ALKA
71. ABGS - BABYS FIRST NAME
PH
CO2-RESPIRATORY
7.12
UNCOMP ACIDOSIS
7.55
UNCOMP AKLALOSIS
7.01
UNCOMP ACIDOSIS
7.23
UNCOMP ACIDOSIS
72. ABGS
COMPENSATED ABG 7.35-7.45
ACIDOSIS
7.35
7.40
HCO3-METABOLIC
ALKALOSIS
7.45
HCO3-METABOLIC
74. ABG - LAST NAME MR. RESP MR. METABOLIC (MUST BE THE SAME AS BABYS FIRST NAME)
PH
CO2-MR. RESP HCO3-MR. META
7.12
28
11
UNCOMP META ACID
UN ACID ALKA
ACID
7.55
29
20
UNCOMP RESP ALKA
UN ALK ALKA
ACID
75. ABG - LAST NAME MR. RESP MR. METABOLIC (MUST BE THE SAME AS BABYS FIRST NAME)
PH
CO2-MR. RESP HCO3-MR. META
7.36
61
34
COMP RESP ACID
COM ACID ACID
ALKA
7.45
22
20
COMP RESP ALKA
COM ALKA ALKA
ACID
76. ABG - LAST NAME MR. RESP MR METABOLIC (MUST BE THE SAME AS BABYS FIRST NAME)
7.01
51
10
UNCOMP RESP ACID
UN ACID ACID
ACID
7.23
50
29
UNCOMP RESP ACID
UN ACID ACID
ALKA
77. CAUSES OF ACID-BASE IMBALANCES
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
DRUGS, CARDIAC ARREST, MUSCLE WEAKNESS (MG, ALS, GB), PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
HYPOXEMIA, CNS DISORDERS, SALICYLATE INTOXICATION, CIRRHOSIS, SEPSIS
78. CAUSES OF ACID-BASE IMBALANCES
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
KETOACIDOSIS, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, GI LOSS (DIARRHEA), RENAL FAILURE
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS, HYPOKALKEMIA, GI LOSS (GASTRIC ACIDS), CONTRACTION
ALKALOSIS (TOO MUCH LASIX)
79. ACUTE REPIRATORY FAILURE
TYPE 1
HYPOCAPNIC FAILURE
DECREASED OXYGEN LEVEL WITH A NORMAL OR LOW CO2
VENTILATION - PERFUSION IMBALANCE
PULMONARY EDEMA, PULMONARY EMBOLISM, ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA, ASTHMA, ARDS
80. ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
TYPE 2
HYPERCAPNIC FAILURE
DECREASED OXYGEN LEVEL WITH A HIGH CO2 LEVEL
RESPIRATORY MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE
DRUG OVERDOSE, COPD, CVA, SPINAL CORD: ALS, GB, MG, PNEUMOTHORAX, DECREASED
PHOS
81. OXYHEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE
SHIFT TO R = LOWER SAT, LOWER O2 SAT, RBC RELEASING O2 ONTO TISSUE
DECREASED PH, INCREASED CO2, HYPERTHERMIC (COPD)
SHIFT TO L = HIGHER SAT, HIGH O2 SAT, RBC HOLDING ONTO O2
INCREASED PH, DECREASED CO2, HYPOTHERMIC, LOW LEVELS OF 2,3 DPG
82. V/Q MISMATCH
VENTILATION-PERFUSION IMBALANCE
COPD
ASTHMA
ATELECTASIS
EMPHYSEMA
HYPOVENTILATION
PULMONARY EDEMA
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA
83. SHUNT
NO CONTACT BETWEEN BLOOD & ALVEOLI
ARDS
98. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DISEASES STATES DOES NOT CAUSE HYPOXIA DUE TO A
PRIMARY MECHANISM OF V/Q MISMATCHING?
A. BRONCHOSPASTIC DISEASE
B. PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA
106. INITIAL NURSING ASSESSMENT FINDINGS IN THE PATIENT WITH AN ACUTE PULMONARY
EMBOLISM INCLUDES:
A. CHEST PAIN, ST CHANGES, PULMONARY EDEMA
B. RALES, RHONCI, TACHYCARDIA,
DIAPHORESIS
IRRITABLE
RESTLESS
SLURRED SPEECH
SEIZURES
COMA
159. WHAT TYPE OF FLUIDS DO YOU GIVE PEOPLE WITH DKA AND HHNK
START WITH NS
THEN GIVE 0.45% NS
THEN GIVE D5 1/2
160. WHEN PEOPLE WITH DKA COME IN, WHAT DO YOU WANT THEIR POTASSIUM TO BE?
NORMAL OR HIGH POTASSIUM LEVEL
161. POTASSIUM AND PH ARE REOCIPROCAL
HYDROGEN WILL MOVE INTO THE CELL, THEN POTASSIUM WILL MOVE OUT OF THE CELL
162. AS YOU BECOME MORE ACIDOTIC, YOUR POTASSIUM INCREASES. THATS WHY IN DKA,
YOURE ACIDOTIC AND YOUR POTASSIUM WILL BE HIGH.
PH 7.45
K 4.5
PH 7.35
K 5.1
PH 7.25
K 5.7
PH 7.15
K 6.3
PH 7.05
K 6.9
163. BICARB GIVEN TO DKA PT WITH PH 7.05 AND K 4.0 IT INCREASES YOUR PH BUT DECREASES
YOU POTASSIUM
164. WHAT IS THE AFFECT OF ADH ON URINE FORMATION?
A. RETENTION OF SODIUM AND WATER, EXCRETION OF POTASSIUM
B. EXCRETION OF SODIUM AND WATER, EXCRETION OF POTASSIUM
C. RETENTION OF WATER, CONCENTRATION OF URINE
D. EXCRETION OF WATER, DILUTION OF URINE
165. THE RELEASING STIMULUS FOR ADH IS NORMALLY:
A. DECREASED SERUM WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?
B. INCREASED SERUM OSMOLARITY
C. AN ELEVATED CIRCULATING CORTISOL LEVEL
D. INCREASED SERUM POTASSIUM LEVELS
166. THE NORMAL RANGE OF SERUM OSMOLARITY IS:
A. 145-155
B. 200-250
C. 275-295
D. 325-375
167. SIADH IS MANIFEST CLINICALLY AS A:
A. HYPEROSMOLAR STATE
B. LOW OUTPUT STATE
C. MYXEDEMA STATE
D. WATER INTOXICATION STATE