What are the main Causes of PCOS?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is of clinical and public

health importance as its prevalence is very high among
women of reproductive age. Polycystic ovaries contain a
large number of cysts. These cysts are under-developed
sacs in which eggs develop. Often in PCOS, these sacs are
unable to release an egg, meaning ovulation doesnt take
place.
PCOS has significant and diverse implications like;
Reproductive implications infertility,
hyperandrogenism, hirsutism
Metabolic implications insulin resistance, impaired
glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and adverse
cardiovascular risk profile
Psychological implications increased anxiety, depression

 Prevalence of PCOS
The exact prevalence of PCOS is not known as the syndrome is not defined
precisely. The estimated prevalence in women of reproductive age is 510%. Under the new criteria (Rotterdam-2003), the prevalence among the
general female population will raise up to 10%. The prevalence of PCOS in
a study conducted at Govt. Medical College, Kerala was reported to be
15% (95% CI: 13.417.2%) on the basis of the Rotterdam criteria. The
reported prevalence of PCOS in various geographic regions ranges
between 2.2% and 26%., et al. prospectively studied 460 girls aged 15-18
years from a residential college in Andhra Pradesh, South India. The
authors reported a prevalence of PCOS in 9.13% of the Indian adolescents.
Studies in first-degree relatives of patients, who have the polycystic
ovarian disease have shown that 24% of mothers and 32% of sisters, were
affected, suggesting a major genetic association.
A study from Spain reported a 28.3% prevalence rate of PCOS among 113
overweight or obese women who were referred to an endocrinology clinic
for weight loss, compared with a previously reported population
prevalence of 6.5%, suggesting that the prevalence of PCOS might be
markedly increased in obese.

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