Demo Elephant Toothpaste

What do you think is going to happen?

What happens to the reaction once you drop in

the catalyst?
Based on your observations is this a chemical
reaction. If so, explain.

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions
A chemical reaction produces new

substances by changing the way in

which atoms are arranged.
Bonds between atoms are broken
and new bonds form between
different atoms
The new arrangements of atoms
form different substances

Reactants and Products

Reactants are the substances present

at the beginning of a chemical

reaction.
Products are the substances formed
by a chemical reaction
Reactant + Reactant Product
The mass of the reactants is
always equal to the mass of the
products

Detecting a Chemical Reaction

1. Color Change
2. Formation of a Precipitate
3. Formation of a Gas
4. Temperature Change
5. Evolution of Light

Color Change
Substance often change color

during a chemical reaction.

Example: when gray iron rusts, the
product that forms is brown.

Formation of a Precipitate
Precipitate: A solid product

formed when chemicals in two

liquids react.
Example: Seashells are formed
when sea creatures release a liquid
that reacts with seawater.

Formation of a Gas
Chemical reactions may produce

a gas, like that often formed when

antacid pills are mixed with excess
stomach acid.

Temperature Change
Most chemical reactions

involve temperature change

Example: Concrete gets
warmer as it hardens

Evolution of Light
Energy can be

released in the
form of light
during a chemical
reaction
ExampleGlow

Sticks

Classifying Chemical Reactions

Synthesis: A new compound is formed by the

combination of simpler reactants

Decomposition: a reactant breaks down into

simpler products, which could be elements or

other compounds (reverse synthesis)
Combustion: one reactant is always oxygen

and another reactant often contains carbon

and hydrogen.
Example: the burning of methane is a
combustion reaction

Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions

Exothermic Reactions: If more energy

is released when the products form than is

needed to break the bonds in the reactants
then energy is released during the reaction
Energy is released
Endothermic Reactions: If more
energy is required to break the bonds in
the reactants than is released when the
product is formed then energy must be
added to the reaction
Energy is absorbed

Chemical Equations
Draw a line under your Chemical
Reaction Notes, then start the
Chemical Equation Notes

Chemical Equation

Shorthand form for writing what reactants

are used and what products are formed in

a chemical reaction
Sometimes shows whether energy is
produced or absorbed
Example:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Chemical Equations

Reactant + reactant product

Components of a Chemical Equation

Chemical
Formulas

Chemical
Formula

2H2 + O2

2H2O
Subscript

Coefficient

Coefficient

Subscripts

(Reactants)

(Yield)

(Products)

Sometimes you will see a yields sign that looks like

this.
What do you think it means?

Law of Conservation of Mass

Proposed by Antoine Lavoisier

In a chemical reaction, atoms are neither

created nor destroyed

All atoms present in the reactants are also
present in the products
Chemical equations must account for/show
the conservation of mass balancing
equations
In its present form, does this chemical equation show a
conservation of mass?

2 H2 + O2 2 H2O
Reactants

H 24
O 22

Products

How would you balance this equation

to
show the conservation of mass?

H 24
O 12

Hints For Balancing Equations

Count the atoms

List the number of atoms of each element to

see which elements must be balanced

Use a coefficient to add atoms to one side of
the equation
Start with the reactant or product that has
the greatest number of different elements
Add a coefficient to another reactant or
product
Make sure that the coefficients in your
balanced equation are the smallest whole
numbers possible (they should have no

Tutorial on Balancing Equations

http://users.wfu.edu/ylwong/balanceeq/balanceq

.html