1.

Molecules of tRNA bring amino acids to the mRNA or ribosomes for

assembly into proteins.

2.

The shape of a molecule of DNA is called a double helix.

3.

RNA has a ribose sugar, whereas DNA has a deoxyribose sugar.

4.

Nucleotides form base pairs through a weak bond called a hydrogen

bond.

5.

A female lab rat is exposed to X rays. Its future offspring will be

affected only if a mutation occurs in the rats reproductive or sex cells.

6.

Chemical Q causes the following change in the sequences of

nucleotides. ATGAAA ATTAAA

This change is an example of a point mutation. Chemical Q is a mutagen.

7.

DNA replication is necessary before a cell divides so each cell has a

complete copy of the chromosomes.

8.

Explain why a mutation in a lung cell would not be passed on to

offspring.
A lung cell mutation does not affect sex cells so the mutation
isnt passed on to the offspring.

9.

Explain why codons cant consist of two bases instead of three for each
amino acid.
A sequence of 2 bases would produce fewer combinations of
codons and they must code for the 20 different amino acids in
the genetic code.

10. A bricklayer has an assistant who brings bricks to the bricklayer so she
can build a wall. What part of translation most closely resembles the
assistants job? What do the bricks represent?
The bricklayer is the mRNA
The assistant bricklayer is the tRNA since this person brings
the needed material to the bricklayer.
The brick represents the amino acid (the needed material)
11. Explain how the universality of the genetic code is evidence that all
organisms alive today evolved from a common ancestor in the past.
The genetic code for all organisms is based on the same four
nucleotides and sequences of them, suggesting a common
ancestor

12. Identify the type of chromosomal mutation illustrated in each example

below:
a. K L M N O P R Q S
Inversion or switching of genes
b. F G H I J K M N
Deletion of genes
c. K L M N O P Q X Y R
Insertion or addition of genes