Nucleic Acids

Review

Definitions

Nucleotide
Made of sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

tRNA
Carries amino acid to ribosome

rRNA
Forms part of ribosome structure

mRNA
Carries DNA template from nucleus to ribosome

Definitions

DNA Replication
Making an exact copy of DNA

Transcription
Creating RNA from DNA

Translation
Interpreting RNA language to make a chain of
amino acids

Nucleic Acid
Repeating units of nucleotides

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

1.

DNA & RNA

What is the primary function of DNA?

2.

Stores genetic information

Describe the structure of DNA?

3.

Double helix, 2 long chains of nucleotides

What are the 3 components of a

nucleotide?

4.

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

In which molecule of DNA does

deoxyribonucleic acid get its name?

5.

Deoxyribose sugar

6.

Draw and label a nucleotide:

7.

How are the bases of DNA paired together?

A-T and C-G

Give the complementary strand of the

following original strand: GGTCGATCG

8.

CCAGCTAGC

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA

9.

DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA

is in the nucleus, RNA in the cytoplasm

double stranded, RNA single stranded
bases are ATCG, RNA bases are AUCG
sugar is deoxyribose, RNA sugar is ribose

10.

11.

Give the bonding rules of the base pairs in

RNA.
A-U and C-G

Use your chart to give the genetic code of the

following: (Amino Acids)

mRNA: CUC AAG UGC UUC

AA: Leu Lys Cys Phe
12.

Use your chart to complete the following

DNA

TCA

GTC

TTT

ATG

CTG

ACT

mRN
A

AGU

CAG

AAA

UAC

GAC

UGA

rRNA

UCA

GUC

UUU

AUG

CUG

ACU

AA

Ser

Glu

Lys

Tyr

Asp

Stop

13.

14.

15.

During translation, what does a ribosome

bind to?
mRNA strand

What is a codon? Give an example of a

codon of DNA.
3 base sequence

Ex) TCA or UAG

Explain the relationship between gene,

chromosome, and DNA.
Gene is a portion of a DNA strand, DNA strands
are in the form of chromosomes

16.

17.

18.

How does the process of DNA replication

ensure that the entire DNA code is present
in every cell of an organism?
All DNA is the same in every cell; replication
makes an exact copy of DNA and DNA must
replicate before the cell can divide

What is the process of DNA being changed

to RNA called?
transcription

Explain the role of peptide bonds in the

translation process.
Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids
by the ribosome; long chain of amino acids folds
to become a protein