Personality

Why Are We Who We Are

We employ or encounter psychology every day. As you watch television,
advertisers exert psychological persuasion to convince you to buy a product.
Within the classroom, your teachers apply psychological strategies to
manipulate performance. Your parents have probably employed
psychology, sometimes as reverse psychology, to convince you to eat your
spinach or to pick up your toys. Psychology is around you every day.
Psychology endures as an enigma within the scientific community. Even though, the official definition of
psychology is, the scientific study of behavior and thinking of an organism, its remote roots can be traced to the
ancient civilizations, particularly to the Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle. Despite the complexity of the ideas
promoted by the Greeks, the evolution of psychology as a science was slow. For the next few thousand years,
psychology remained in the philosophical world; more so, psychology was the world of evil spirits and the
unexplainable. Then in the late 19th century, Wilhelm Wundt moved psychology into the scientific world. For the
next 100+ years, it was common for psychologists to be scientific experts, also.
Today, the study of psychology has one foot in the field of science and the other in the field of philosophy. Maybe
that is inevitable since the make-up of people is both physiological and spiritual. To explain human behavior,
Freud, Jung, and Adler developed their theories from personal experiences and observations. Skinner and Cattell
conducted more scientific studies to formulate their ideas. There are legitimate points in the theories of the nonscientific; there is legitimacy in the theories rooted in science.
Whether the theorist takes a scientific approach or more of a philosophical approach in explaining personality and
behavior, they begin by devising a hypotheses as to why people behave in the manner that they do. These
theories provide a framework in which to diagnose why a person functions in the manner in which she does. The
effects of the environment, relationships, and personal wants and needs are generally addressed by these
theorists. However, each school of thought emphasizes one element over the others as having the greatest effect
on development.
When theorists try to explain personality, they generally ask themselves the following questions:

What role does the unconscious play

What role does the past, present, and future play

What role does heredity and environment play

What is the nature of mankind

What makes us alike and different

What motivates us

What causes anxiety.

Each theorist has a different take on these questions. Each theorist has different life experiences. As a result, each theorist has a unique
theory explaining personality.

Rationale
Why should you examine the various theories regarding personality? Personality theory is the least scientific of all elements of
psychological studies. Each theorist has a distinctively different explanation as to why people behave in the manner that they do; most
theories are based on personal experience. No one theory is irrefutable; no one theory is all inclusive. So again, why should you study
the various theories on personality?
Through the study of personality theories, you will become acquainted with groups of ideas which challenge each other and which
emphasize different aspects of the human personality. Each theory provides a building block for the foundation of increased selfawareness. The ideas of Freud, Jung, Skinner, Rogers, and others will challenge to think about you- why do you behave the way you
behave; how will you behave in the future; do you have control over your life?

Objectives
1. Identify and evaluate the four basic goals of psychology
2. Discuss the issues that confront the personality theorist
3. Explain how Freuds Id, Ego, and Superego interact
4 Compare and contrast Freuds theory of personality to the theories of Jung, Adler, Horney, and Erikson
5. Compare and contrast the views of humanistic theorists (Roger and Maslow) ) with Freud in terms of what motivates behavior and the source of
anxiety
6. Analyze how personality can be considered fluid
10. Define/Identify the following

Behavior
psychology
humanistic psychology
self-actualizing
actualizing tendency
personality
unconditional positive regard
incongruence extrovert
introvert
persona anima/animus
inferiority complex
archetypes
personal unconscious
collective unconscious
fully functioning
pleasure principle
reality principle
ID
Superego
EGO
Alfred Bandura
Karen Horney
Alfred Adler
Carl Jung
Sigmund Freud
BF Skinner

ACTIVITY ONE

Essential Questions: Is psychology truly scientific or philosophical in nature?

Essential Question: Which personality theory is most accurate?

Class
Meeting

Day/Date

Class Focus

Assignment Due

First

C day
January 7

Go over syllabus
Begin test
Psychology Test
Think about your name, and tell
the group a story about your
name. It could be how you got
your name, who named you
what and why, or even how
your name may have had a
positive or negative influence in
your life or in the life of
someone closely related.

None

Second
E Day Jan.
11

None

Third

G Day Jan
13

Syllabus Introduce Project

Read Syllabus

Fourth

H day Jan 14

Introductory Presentation

None

Fifth

J Day Jan 15

Projects and Evolution

Work day

Sixth

A Day Jan 20

Early Psychology and theories

1-1

What is the focus of a

personality theory

Work

Seventh

C day Jan 22

Eigth

E Day Jan
26

Freud

1-2

Ninth

G Day Jan
28

Presentations

1-3

Tenth

A day Feb 4

Presentations

1-4

Eleventh

C Day Feb 8

Grinch
Culminating Activity

1-5

Explanation of Assignments
Due Date
1-1 Handout 1: Its ME Follow the directions on handout; bring to class
Fifth Class

1-2 Complete Handout 3 using chapter 11, the internet, and ppts on www.rothiwa.com
Seventh Class
In class presentation
1-3. Complete the defense mechanism Handout 5
Seventh Class

Submit via Classroom

1-4 Handout 4
Bring to class
Eighth Class

1.5 Select one of the following. Do as a journal write, Submit via Classroom
Ninth Class
a. Rogers tells us that we have an ideal self and a real self.
The ideal self is that person we want to be or to become. The
real self is who you are. Write a paragraph or two about
who you see yourself as, and who you want to be. Include
what you value, what are your primary characteristics. Then
interview two or three people who know you well and ask them
to describe you as you are. A final paragraph should be a
comparison what you see as the ideal self and the real self.
Within this paragraph, include whether or not you are congruent
b. Horney believed that every child experiences the
basic anxiety created by parenting styles. Reflect back to
your childhood to recall times when you felt insecure or very
anxious. What do you think created these anxieties?
What helped you to overcome these situations?

Enrichment
Hand in on the due date for the LAP test. Enrichment is an extension of what is studied in the LAP.
Submit by email. All enrichment for this LAP to be submitted with the subject line: HNPSY LAP One
Enrichment- you may only do one
1) Over a 3-day period, keep a log of every time television, radio, or newspapers mention a topic
relevant to psychology. The log should include the date, the source, and a synopsis of the topic.
Include a brief paragraph on what you discovered. 5 points
2) A tip line is a telephone service people can call to hear helpful information on a particular topic.
Write a 3-5 minute script on the service that a particular type of psychologist must provide. Record
the tip on an audio tape or cd. To receive the full points for the activity, you must show an accurate
understanding of the specific psychological career and your oral presentation is clearly presented so
the listener understands. 5 points
3) Observe two people interacting for 5 to 10 minutes. Do not do two people at school. Record the
behaviors shown by each person, determine their social relationship, and write a brief report using
the APA style. You need to determine what behaviors to observe. 5 points
4. In open lab take the Body Type personality test and write up results with a reaction 5 points
5. Research gender differences in personality A. Feingold. Write a summary and reaction to
findings. 5 points
6. Freud states that the ID expresses itself through sex and aggression. However, the superego
frowns upon both. As a result the Ego has to find a method for the Id to express itself which is
socially acceptable to the Superego. It is said that humor is one such way. For 5 points watch the
opening monologue of a comedian, or keep track for one day the humor people use, and see how
often sex or aggression (put down of others) is used. Write an overall reaction

Test To Be Announced

HANDOUT ONE

Hey
Hey,, its
its Me
Me is an introduc
ductory
tory activ
tivity design
signed to explore -- through
ough
intr
n -- the quali
nes are open for
ntrospectio
ection
alities tha
that mak
make you
ouyou.
ou. The
The guideli
delin
creativit
ivity and a varie
variety of delive
livery opti
options.
ons. You will be ask
asked to create a
work
work of art (th
(that may also include writing -- see list next page
age) representi
nting
charact
erist
aracte
ristics that most defi
efine
who
who you are.
Please read the items
tems bel
below for
for speci
peciffic design
ign and scoring
ing guide
ideline
ines.

Design Guidelines & Expectations

What
hat?
o Create a form of art media from the lis
s next page.
list/d
t/desc
escrip
ription
tions
How Muc
Much?an
and, What
hat Do I Include?
o Includ
e 10+
clude
10+ items
items,, char
haracte
cteristics
tics, values, virtu
irtues, goal
oals, intere
erests, etcthat
hat most
most
represent
esent you.
ou.
(e.g. items
tems may incl
nclude
ude obje
bjects,
ts, quotes,
quotes, photos,
hotos, art
artisti
stic creations,
ons, mus
music,
conc
oncepts,
ts, descr
escriiptions,
ons, etc.)
etc.)
Is it Appr
ppropr
opriat
iate?
o Be sure that
atea
d in clas
s.
hat ALL ite
items are appr
appropri
opria
eas discusse
ussed
class

(do not include

lude/promote
ote violence, drugs
ugs, alcohol,
ol, tobacc
acco, sexual
xual
references/
es/nudity, gend
ender expl
xploitation
ion, etc.)

Is it a Thor
horough Eff
Effort?
o Take
gh stude
self-portrait. Althou
ake the tim
time to demo
emonstrate a complete, high quality
quality sel
Although
udents
are not
ed on artis
es, one
not grad
grade
rtistic, prose &/or poe
poetic abiliti
abilitie
one is expecte
cted to demonstr
emonstrate a
deta
s-re
etaile
iled, nea
neatly prepared project, according to guideline
lines
-revealing an in-depth
investment
estment of labo
abor.

Scoring
Guidelines
Neat
eatnes
ness
Completenes
eness
Timeline
ss
lines
Organi
zation
rganiz
Pre
Present
entation

Art Media Deliver

very Options
(Alphabe
tica
(Alphabet
ical)

Drawing

Minim
inimum 18 x 18- shape is fexible
ble <width x length> NOT 8 x 11 sheet
eets
or cons
onstruction pap
paper.
er.
Detai
ard
d, etc.). May
etailled.
ed. Sturdy mater
terial
ial (e.g. canvas,
vas, wood,
od, met
metal, cardbo
ardboar
May
use ske
sketchpa
tchpad.

Graphic Art

Full
ics -- NOT clip art
Full Screen, Det
Detailed
ailed,, Refined
ned, Complete,
te, Qualit
ality Graph
Graphics
copie
opied/pas
pasted.
Please see me for
for details
ils and
and appr
approval prior
ior to due date
date.

Music Collage

10+
10+ songs on CD, with Insert of song/artist list
listing.
Also
Also inc
include a typed atta
ttachment:
nt:
o Titles/Artists and 75+
+
w
o
rd
summary for each item des
75
describ
ribing value
alue &
symbol
bolism behind each.

Narrative Essay

Two (2) comple

plete page
ages. Typed (Times New Roman 12)
12), Doubl
uble-spaced, 1 margin
margins,
Proofr
ofread.

Painting

Minim
inimum 18 x 18- shape is fexible
ble <width x length> NOT 8 x 11
sheet
eets or cons
onstruction pap
paper.
er.
Detai
ard
d, etc.).
etailled.
ed. Sturdy mater
terial
ial (e.g. canvas,
vas, wood,
od, met
metal, cardbo
ardboar

Performance

Song
Song &/o
&/or Dance, origin
riginal compos
position:
Please see me for
for details
ils and
and appr
approval prior
ior to due date
date.

Poem/Lyrics

Minimum of 12 fou
four-line stanzas, Type
yped (Times New Rom
Roman 12)
12),
Singlespaced,
gle-s
ed, with double-s
e-space between
een stanzas.

PowerPoint

15+
15+ sli
slides
des with comple
plete & bala
balanced mixture of
graphics
Please use ful
aphics and
and text
ext.
full size
ized, high
resolu
tion
resolut
ion--qu
--quali
ality graphic
phics.

Sculpture/Ceramics--3D Art

Cre
Create a sculptur
ture/c
e/ceramic project tha
that clearly repr
epresents 10+
10+ trai
raits.
Please do not simply submit a previou
s work
velly make it
revious
work of art and
and creati
creative
fit.

Video

3
-

5 min
eenact
ct and use
minutes,
tes, coverin
ring symbols
bols & narra
arrative
ive, may reena
other
her part
articipants.
nts. Qualit
ality editing and sound
und.
Please see me for
for more detai
tails and
and appr
approval prior to due
due date
ate.

LAP One

Honors Psychology

Ms. Rothweiler

Spring Semester 2016

HANDOUT THREE
Partners will make a presentation on their assigned theorist. It is a powerpoint presentation
The following questions must be answered in the presentation
1. What are the major points of the theory/theorist 3 slides maximum
2. What does the theorist say is the source of anxiety 1 slide maximum
3. What does the theorist say motivates individuals 1 slide maximum
4. How does therapy relate to this theory 1 slide maximum
5. Criticisms of theory 1 slide maximum
Each slide must follow:
a. The 5 bullets 5 words per bullet rule
b. All slides must be of the same font and same design pattern
c. All slides must be readable within the classroom environment
There must be a title slide, a presenters slide, and a work cited slide in addition to the content slides
Theorists
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Carl Rogers
Karen Horney
Abraham Maslow
BF Skinner

LAP One

Honors Psychology

Ms. Rothweiler

Spring Semester 2016

HANDOUT FOUR
How the Grinch Stole Psychology Class" is a highly participatory activity that emphasizes
the application of personality theories. The activity uses the 26-minute classic television
movie, How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Students work in small groups to explain the
Grinch's original evil personality as well as his transformation to the kinder, gentler
Grinch at the end. To accomplish this analysis, concepts from assigned theorists are
used.
Objectives
Students will apply theories of personality to explain the Grinch.

Students will apply four concepts from an assigned personality theorist to explain
the Grinch's personality.

Students will explain the Grinch's personality transformation according to their

assigned theorist.

Necessary materials:

View How the Grinch Stole Christmas

Procedure
1. Using the theorist you researched analyze
2. Explain the personality of the Grinch according to your theorist- include the
concepts of motivation, and the anxiety
3. Cite specific Grinch behaviors that fit each concept.
4. Enrichment select a tv character and do the same

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LAP One

Honors Psychology

Ms. Rothweiler

Spring Semester 2016

HANDOUT FIVE
Identify the defense mechanisms illustrated in the following examples. Place the appropriate
letter in the blank next to each statement
a. denial
b. intellectualization
c. repression
e. projection f. displacement
g. identification
i. regression

d.. reaction formation

h. sublimation

____ 1. Mark never stops ranting about the dangers of pornography. He gives endless examples
of smut he has seen in
movies and on television, and spends lots of time hanging around porno houses to get
even more examples.
____ 2. Chad always teases and annoys his kid brother Nathan after he himself is bullied and
picked on by his older
brother Sam
____ 3. Judy, who has always been aggressive and fiercely competitive, becomes captain of her
college soccer team.
____ 4. Although verbally and physically abused by his cell guard, Shane actually admires his
captor and occasionally
imitates him
____ 5. Diane, who keeps accusing Sam of being in love with her, probably has secret desires for
Sam
____ 6. Theresa, recently diagnosed with cancer, spends all of her time in the library becoming an
expert in cancer
treatment
____ 7. Despite overwhelming evidence and murder conviction, Jays mom refuses to believe that
her son could actually
be guilty
____ 8. Brett, who is extremely hard to convince in arguments, complains that all of his friends
are stubborn.
____ 9. Even as a child Lisa was always impulsive and engaged in risky behavior. Perhaps not
surprisingly, she grew up
to become a famous race car driver.
____ 10. Roger, a major league pitcher, often beans the next batter after someone has hit a
homerun against him.
____ 11. After an unsuccessful attempt at a sexual relationship, Pete began devoting most of his
energies toward church
activities
____ 12. Wend was embarrassed because somehow she kept forgetting to keep her appointments
with the dentist.
____ 13. Amanda broke off her relationship with Jack, but Jack still talks and acts as if they are still
dating

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LAP One

Honors Psychology

Ms. Rothweiler

Spring Semester 2016

____ 14. After her new baby sister came home from the hospital, Susies parents discovered that
she dismembered her
favorite doll
____ 15. Amy, who has had many extramarital affairs, begins to accuse her husband of being
unfaithful
____ 16. Larry began wetting his pants again after the birth of his baby brother
____ 17. Todd, who is unsure about his own sexuality, frequently makes homophobic remarks
____ 18. Brads father acts like a big shot around town because Brad is the star quarterback of his
high school football
team
____ 19. Two years after breaking off his relationship with Julie, Rick fails to even recognize her at
a cocktail party
____ 20. At the first sign of any problems or trouble in his life, Bill immediately runs to his parents
to bail him out.

HANDOUT SIX
Psychology Test
Indicate if the statement is true or false
_____ 1. Psychologists are interested in predicting and controlling behavior
_____ 2. Electrical stimulation of the brain can act as a reward
_____ 3. Children develop abstract thinking at about the age of 7
_____ 4. Sometimes people can perceive motion when there is none
_____ 5. Sleep is a completely restful state of consciousness
_____ 6. Negative reinforcement decreases behavior
_____ 7. Most people can remember about 20 things for a short time
_____ 8. Environmental influences solely determine intelligence in behavior
_____ 9. Sexual motivation has a biological basis in humans
_____ 10. We can experience all of our emotions immediately after birth
_____ 11. Personality tests are usually effective in measuring personality
_____ 12. Psychological and physical stress have similar effects on the body
_____ 13. Schizophrenia means split personality
_____ 14. Psychoanalysis is the most commonly used form in psychotherapy

12

LAP One

Honors Psychology

Ms. Rothweiler

Spring Semester 2016

_____ 15. The probability of obtaining help in an emergency increases as the number of bystanders
increases
_____ 16. Testimony presented at the end of a trial is more persuasive than that presented at the beginning
______17. People usually fall in love with someone very different from themselves. Put another way,
opposites attract.
______18. Everyone dreams.
______19. When you burn your hand, the neural information travels to your brain at nearly the speed of
light.
______20. Most people would to administer a near-fatal electric shock to another person if an experimenter
told them to do so.
______21. People with one eye can still see in three dimensions.
______22. It is an optical illusion when the moon appears larger on the horizon than it does overhead.
______23. Homosexuality is classified as a mental disorder.
______24. Blind people have a more sensitive sense of hearing and touch.
______25. Hypnosis can help people accurately recall a crime scene.
______26. In human beings, the part of the brain corresponding to the mouth is bigger than the brain area
corresponding to the entire leg.
______27. Animals process information in the same way that people do.
______28. A well-trained psychologist can determine a person's hidden problems by analyzing their dreams.
______29. "Split personality" is one of the most severe forms of schizophrenia.
______30. We experience stress when good things as well as bad things happen to us.
______31. If you want a person to continue performing some action, you should reward the action on a
consistent basis.
______32. Women use both hemispheres (halves) of their brains to listen while men use only one, so
women
must be better listeners than men.
______33. Playing classical music (such as Mozart) for a young infant will increase his or her IQ.

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