DLSU Accountancy Department

Practical Accounting One

AUDIT OF CASH BASIS, ACCRUAL BASIS, SINGLE ENTRY, ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND CORRECTION OF ERROR

I. Cash Basis Accounting

Problem 1. The following transactions affecting the accounts receivable of WON Inc. took place during the year ended
December 31,2010:
Sales
P5,900,000
Sales discount
126,000
Cash received from cash customers
2,100,000
Accounts receivable written off as worthless
50,000
Credit memo issued to credit customers for sales returns
250,000
Cash refunds given to cash customers for sales returns
20,000
Recoveries on accounts receivable written off as uncollectible as
uncollectible in prior periods (not included in cash amount stated above)
80,000
The following balances were taken from the January 1,2010 Statement of Financial Position:
Accounts Receivable
950,000
Allow. For Bad Debts
100,000
The entity provided for bad debt expense by crediting allowance for bad debts in the amount of 70,000 for the year. The
net realizable value of Accounts Receivable on December 31,2010 is P1,100,000.
What is the cash basis revenue for the year ended December 31,2010?

Problem 2. The following information appears in ION Inc.s records for the year ended December 31,2010:
Inventory, January 1
P 650,000
Purchase returns
80,000
Freight In
60,000
Sales
3,400,000
Sales returns
30,000
Accounts Payable, Jan. 1
300,000
Accounts Payable, Dec. 31 200,000
On December 31,2010, a physical inventory revealed that the ending inventory was only P571,000. The gross profit on
sales has remained constant at 30% in recent years.
What is the cash basis cost of sales for the year ended December 31,2010?

Problem 3. The following information appears in NEO Inc.s records for the year ended December 31,2010:
Inventory, January 1
P 520,000
Purchase returns
60,000
Freight In
100,000
Sales
4,900,000
Sales returns
400,000
Accounts Payable, Jan. 1
2,000,000
Accounts Pay. Dec. 31
2,500,000
On December 31,2010 a physical inventory revealed that the ending inventory was only P200,000. The gross profit based
on cost has remained at 50% in recent years.
What is the cash basis cost of sales?

Problem 4. On December 31,2011, EMO Inc. presented the following information:

1/1/2011
12/31/2011
Raw Materials
300,000
600,000
Goods in Process
1,000,000
1,300,000
Finished Goods
1,400,000
1,000,000
Accounts Payable
2,200,000
2,000,000
Data for 2010 were:
Sales
3,000,000
Freight In
1,000,000
Purchase Return
100,000
Direct Labor
100,000
Manufacturing Overhead
50% of Direct Labor
Average Gross Profit Rate
30% based on sales
What is the net cash paid to suppliers of raw materials inventory?

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Problem 5. The financial statements of ZEN Inc. included the following:

1/1/2010
12/31/2010
Accounts Receivable at Net Realizable Value
1,200,000
1,640,000
Allowance for bad debts
60,000
?
Sales
8,000,000
Sales Discount
100,000
Sales Return
200,000
The cash collections included a recovery of P100,000 from a customer whose account had been written off as
worthless in 2009. During 2010, it was necessary to recognize bad debt expense of P100,000 and write off worthless
customers account of P30,000. On December 1,2010, a customer settled an account by issuing a 12%, six-month note
for P400,000.
What is the cash basis sales revenue?
Problem 6. WAY Inc. kept its records on accrual basis accounting. At the end of 2010, the accountant prepared the
following accrual basis income statement:
Revenue
1,910,000
Expenses
809,000
The following data are also available:
2009
2010
Accrued revenue
91,000
73,000
Unearned revenue
66,000
108,000
Accrued expenses
49,000
65,000
Prepaid expenses
46,000
56,000
What is the cash basis net income based on the foregoing data?
Problem 7. The following information are provided by NY Inc for 2010:
December 31 January 1
Accounts Receivable
200,000
300,000
Trade Notes Receivable
150,000
100,000
Accounts payable
60,000
160,000
Trade notes payable
200,000
150,000
The Accrual Basis Accounting Records for 2010 provided the following:
Gross Sales
2,420,000
Cash Sales
500,000
Sales Discount
40,000
Sales returns on credit sales
50,000
Gross Purchases
1,960,000
Cash purchases
130,000
Purchase return on credit purchase
60,000
Purchase discounts
20,000
What is the cash basis sales revenue?
8. Using the same data provided in Number 7, What is the cash basis cost of sales?
Problem 9. The following balances are provided by TB Inc.:
12/31/2010
12/31/2011
Trade Accounts Receivable
2,000,000
3,000,000
Trade Note Receivable
3,000,000
1,000,000
Advances from Customers
2,000,000
3,000,000
The total sales revenue for 2011 is P20,000,000. The cash sales for 2011 is P5,000,000.
What is the cash basis sales revenue?
Problem 10. The following information are provided by LA Inc. concerning its interest expense:
Prepaid Interest
Accrued Interest Payable
Discount on Bonds Payable
Premium on Bonds Payable

12/31/2010
100,000
250,000
300,000
250,000

12/31/2011
150,000
100,000
150,000
50,000

The following data are also provided:

a. During 2011, LA extinguished some Bonds Payable originally issued at a discount with a face value of P1,000,000
through asset swap. The book value of the land given up is P1,100,000 and the fair value is P1,200,000. The
extinguishment of Bonds Payable resulted to a loss of P150,000.
b. During 2011, LA extinguished some Bonds Payable originally issued at a premium with a face value of
P2,000,000 by payment of P2,000,000. The extinguishment resulted to a gain of P100,000.
c. The total interest expense for the year is P2,000,000.
What is the cash basis interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2011?

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Problem 11. The following information are provided concerning the taxes of TR Inc. for 2011:
12/31/2010
12/31/2011
Prepaid Taxes
1,000,000
2,000,000
Income Tax Payable
3,000,000
5,000,000
Deferred Tax Asset
5,000,000
1,000,000
Deferred Tax Liability
4,000,000
2,000,000
Current Tax Expense
10,000,000
Deferred Tax Expense
5,000,000
What is the income taxes paid during 2011?
Problem 12. The following information are provided concerning the interest income of AT Inc. for 2011:
12/31/2010
12/31/2011
Unearned Interest Income
200,000
100,000
Accrued Interest Income
400,000
500,000
Discount on Bonds Rec.
500,000
300,000
Premium on Bonds Rec.
400,000
100,000
The following data are also provided:
a. During 2011, AT sold the Bonds Rec. with a face value of P1,000,000 and which was originally purchased at a
discount. The net proceeds of the sale was P950,000. Gain on derecognition of Bonds Receivable was P100,000.
b. During 2011, AT sold the Bonds Rec. with a face value of P1,000,000 and which was originally purchased at a
premium. The net proceeds of the sale was P1,100,000. Loss on derecognition of Bonds Receivable was
P50,000.
c. The total interest revenue for the year was P3,000,000.
What is the cash basis interest income for the year ended December 31, 2011?
Problem 13. The following information are provided concerning the operating expenses of TY Inc.:
12/31/2010
12/31/2011
Prepaid Expenses
1,000,000
3,000,000
Accrued Expenses
2,000,000
2,500,000
Total Operating Expenses
10,000,000
Acc. Depreciation
3,000,000
4,000,000
Acc. Amortization
2,000,000
2,500,000
The following notes are also provided:
a. Non-cash expenses such as amortization expense and depreciation expense are included in the total operating
expenses.
b. During the year, TY sold equipment with a cost of P2,000,000. The net proceeds from the sale of equipment is
P2,100,000 and the gain on disposal is P500,000.
c. During the year, TY sold patent with a cost of P1,000,000. The net proceeds from the sale of patent is P600,000
and the loss on disposal is P200,000.
What is the cash basis operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2011?
Problem 14. The following information are provided regarding the Retained Earnings of AIM Inc.:
12/31/2010
12/31/2011
Retained Earnings
2,500,000
2,000,000
Cash Dividends Payable
3,500,000
1,000,000
The following notes are also provided:
1. On January 1,2011, AIM changed its inventory costing method from FIFO to Weighted Average. The FIFO cost on
January 1, 2011 is P1,000,000 while the Weighted Average Cost is P2,000,000. The tax rate is 30%.
2. On June 1,2011, AIM reissued treasury shares with a total cost of P1,000,000 in the amount of P500,000. There
was no share premium arising from treasury shares transaction at the time of re-issuance of treasury shares.
3. On December 31,2011, AIM declared cash dividends and property dividends. The book value of property
dividends at that date is P400,000 while the fair value is P600,000.
4. The adjusted net income for 2011 was P1,500,000.
What is the amount of dividends paid in cash for 2011?
Problem 15. The income statement of PRTC Inc. for 2010 included the following items:
Interest income
P2,101,000
Salaries expense
1,650,000
Insurance expense
277,200
The following balances have been excerpted from PRTC Inc.s Statement of Financial Position:
12/31/2009
12/31/2010
Accrued interest receivable
P165,000
P200,200
Accrued salaries payable
92,400
195,800
Prepaid insurance
33,000
24,200
Required: Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine the following:

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__________1. The cash received for interest during 2010

__________2. The cash paid for salaries during 2010
__________3. The cash paid for insurance premiums during 2010
II. Accrual Basis and Single Entry
Problem 16. You were able to gather the following in connection with your audit of the CPAR Inc. for the year ended
December 31,2010:
1/1/2010
12/31/2010
Accounts receivable
6,400,000
4,000,000
Unpaid merchandise invoices
?
2,621,000
Accrued wages
85,000
125,000
Advertising supplies inventory
35,000
75,000
Accrued advertising
14,250
40,000
Prepaid insurance
25,000
Unexpired insurance
41,000
During the year:
Amount collected from customers
10,000,000
Total payments to suppliers of merchandise
13,618,000
Total payments to suppliers of merchandise of prior year
4,632,000
Wages paid
3,050,000
Advertising paid which includes P40,000 applicable in 2011
300,000
Insurance premium paid
125,000
Required: Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine the following:
__________1. Net sales for 2010
__________2. Net purchases for 2010
__________3. Wages expense for 2010
__________4. Advertising expense for 2010
__________5. Insurance expense for 2010

Problem 17. The income statement of PRTC Inc. for 2010 included the following items:
Interest income
P2,101,000
Salaries expense
1,650,000
Insurance expense
277,200
The following balances have been excerpted from PRTC Inc.s Statement of Financial Position:
12/31/2009
12/31/2010
Accrued interest receivable
P165,000
P200,200
Accrued salaries payable
92,400
195,800
Prepaid insurance
33,000
24,200
Required:
Based
on
the
above
and
the
result
of
your
audit,
determine
__________1. The cash received for interest during 2010
__________2. The cash paid for salaries during 2010
__________3. The cash paid for insurance premiums during 2010

Problem 18. RESA company paid or collected during 2010 the following items:
Insurance premiums paid
P 462,000
Interest collected
927,000
Salaries paid
4,056,000
The following balances have been excerpted from RESAs Statement of Financial Position:
12/31/2009
12/31/2010
Prepaid Insurance
P 45,000
P 36,000
Interest Receivable
87,000
111,000
Salaries payable
318,000
369,000
Required: Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine the following:
__________1. The insurance expense on the income statement for 2010
__________2. The interest income on the income statement for 2010
__________3. The salary expense on the income statement for 2010

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the

following:

Problem 19. CRC-ACE & Associates maintains its records on the cash basis. You have been engaged to convert its cash
basis income statement to the accrual basis. The cash basis income statement, along with additional information follows:
CRC-ACE & Associates
Income statement
For the year ended December 31,2010
Cash receipts from customers
2,800,000
Cash payments:
Wages
1,200,000
Taxes
520,000
Insurance
320,000
Interest
200,000
2,240,000
Net Profit
560,000
Additional information:
12/31/2009
12/31/2010
Accounts receivable
240,000
400,000
Wages payable
160,000
120,000
Taxes payable
152,000
112,000
Prepaid insurance
32,000
64,000
Accumulated depreciation
600,000
760,000
Interest payable
72,000
24,000
* No plant assets were sold during 2010.
Required: Determine the following under the accrual basis of accounting for the year ended 2010:
__________1. Service revenue
__________2. Wages expense
__________3. Taxes expense
__________4. Insurance expense
__________5. Depreciation expense
__________6. Interest expense
__________7. Profit before income tax

Problem 20. ADMU Co. provided the following data regarding its financial position:
January 1,2013
Current Asset
P2,000,000
Current Liability
1,000,000
Noncurrent Asset
5,000,000
Noncurrent Liability
3,000,000
The following changes occurred during the year:
1. Current Asset increased to P3,000,000.
2. Current Liability increased by P500,000.
3. Noncurrent Asset decreased by P1,000,000.
4. Noncurrent Liability decreased to P1,500,000.
5. ADMU issued 10,000 ordinary shares with par value of P10 at P20/share.
6. Cash dividends of P300,000 were declared during the year.
Note: No other transactions affect the equity except those stated.
__________Required: What is the profit/(loss) for the year ended December 31,2013?

Problem 21. UST Co. provided the following changes regarding its assets and liabilities:
Increase/(Decrease)
Cash
P2,000,000
Accounts payable
1,000,000
Accounts receivable
3,000,000
Allowance for bad debts
500,000
Inventory
(800,000)
Property, plant and equipment
(600,000)
Accumulated depreciation
200,000
Bonds payable
4,000,000
Accrued expenses
(3,000,000)
Bonds receivable
5,000,000
Unamortized discount on BP
(100,000)
Unamortized premium on BR
The following changes occurred during the year:
1. ADMU issued 20,000 ordinary shares with par value of P10 at P25/share.
2. Cash dividends of P800,000 were declared during the year.
Note: No other transactions affect the equity except those stated.
__________Required: What is the profit/(loss) for the year ended December 31,2013?

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(200,000)

III. CORRECTION OF ERRORS

Problem 22. Careless Inc. is a very negligent company as regards to its inventory, accruals and deferrals. The following
errors and unadjusted balances are provided by the company:
Account Error
Prepaid Asset under (over)
Unearned
Revenue
under(over)
Accrued Expense under
(over)
Accrued
Receivable
under(over)
Merchandise
Inventory
under(over)
Unadjusted Net Income
Unadjusted
Retained
Earnings

12/31/2010
20,000
30,000

12/31/2011
(10,000)
(40,000)

12/31/2012
(30,000)
50,000

(40,000)

50,000

(60,000)

(80,000)

(60,000)

70,000

50,000

(100,000)

150,000

1,000,000
1,500,000

1,500,000
2,000,000

2,000,000
2,500,000

Note: No correcting entries were made for these errors during the three year period.
Required: Based on the result of your audit, determine the following (Ignore Income Tax Implications):
____________1. Adjusted Net Income for 2010
____________2. Adjusted Balance of Retained Earnings on December 31,2010
____________3. Adjusted Net Income for 2011
____________4. Adjusted Balance of Retained Earnings on December 31,2011
____________5. Adjusted Net Income for 2012
____________6. Adjusted Balance of Retained Earnings on December 31,2012

Problem 23. Negligent Inc. is a very careless company. The following errors are discovered during the audit:
Prepaid Asset under (over)
Unearned Revenue under (over)
Accrued Revenue under (over)
Accrued Expense under (over)
Merchandise Inventory, Beginning
Merchandise Inventory, End
Acquired Depreciable Asset during the year

12/31/2011
P 200,000
100,000
(400,000)
(500,000)
(200,000)
(400,000)
2,000,000

12/31/2012
P (100,000)
(300,000)
600,000
300,000
?
500,000
1,000,000

Note: Negligent Inc. fully expensed the purchased depreciable asset during the year of acquisition. Based on the result of
the audit, it was determined that the depreciation rate of the depreciable asset is 10% on year of acquisition and 20% on
subsequent years. No correcting entries were made for these errors during the three year period.
Required: Based on the result of your audit, determine the following (Ignore Income Tax Implications):
____________1. Understatement or (overstatement) of 2011 Net Income
____________2. Understatement or (overstatement) of December 31,2011 Retained Earnings
____________3. Understatement or (overstatement) of December 31,2011 Working Capital
____________4. Understatement or (overstatement) of 2012 Net Income
____________5. Understatement or (overstatement) of December 31,2012 Retained Earnings
____________6. Understatement or (overstatement) of December 31,2012 Working Capital

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