Youngblood1

JackYoungblood
Mr.Salow
English11
30October2015
AnnotatedBibliography

Adolescentstodayfaceawidespreadchronichealthproblem:sleepdeprivation
(NationalSleepFoundation).
MysourcecreatedbytheNationalSleepFoundationhasfoundthat
adolescentsleepdeprivationislargelydrivenbyaconflictbetweenteensinternalbiological
clocksandtheschedulesanddemandsofsociety.Thearticleisheavilylogosbecauseitgivesa
lotofinformationandsupportinginformationfromstudies,butnotmuchemotionormuchbias.
InaprojectspearheadedbyDr.MaryA.Carskadonandcolleagues,researchersinvestigated
whatwouldhappentosleepandcircadianrhythmsinagroupofyoungpeopleforwhomthe
transitionfromjuniorhightoseniorhighrequiredachangeinschoolstartingtimefrom8:25am
to7:20am(NationalSleepFoundation)Thisanexampleoftheuseoflogosinthearticle.
Therefore,itmakessensetolookatschoolstarttimes,whichsettherhythmofthedayfor
students,parents,teachersandmembersofthecommunityatlarge.Thisarticlehasgiveninsight
onwhatadolescentsarefacingandwhytheyneedmoresleep.Thisarticleisnotonly
informative,itisalsofromasourcethateveryoneknowsandrespects.
Foraslongastherehasbeenschool,therehavebeenstudentswhocomplainabouthow
earlytheyhavetowakeup(Albright).MysourcecreatedinanewsarticlebyDelawareOnline
hasfoundthatstudentshaveoptimaltimesforsleep.Theyalsosaythattheyhavetalkedto
schoolofficialsaboutchangingschoolstarttimes,buttheysaytheyhavetoomanyhurdlesto


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jumpthrough.Thearticleisheavilypathos,seekingsympathyfromyouremotionslikeinthe
firstsentence.Itusesyouremotionstomakeyouthinkthatifstudentsgetmoresleep,thatthey
willbecomebetterinschool.Thisaslipperyslopefallacywhichmeansthatifthestudentsget
moresleep,thentheygetgoodgrades,moreawake,andabetterbehavior.thisinturncanleadto
evenmorethings.They,liketheothers,havefoundnumeroushealthproblemsassociatedwith
lessandlesssleep.Thisarticlegivesthereaderotherargumentsforwhytheschoolsshouldhave
alaterstarttime.Theseotherargumentshavefoundthingsthatthefirstsourcecouldntuncover
aboutlesssleep.

Askanygroggyteenagerwaitingforabusoryawninginhomeroomandheorshe

willtellyouthatitsjusttoodarnearlyinthemorningtolearnchemistryequationsoranalyzea
narrativebysomeRussiannovelist(Fischetti).ScientificAmericanhaswrittenaargumentative
articleabouthowschoolsearlierstarttimeshaveimpactedstudentsstudyingorlearningin
school.Theygiveevidencefromhundredsofschoolswhohavealreadyadoptedthelaterschool
starttimes.Theysawthat9000studentsin3stateshaveseenanincreaseintheiracademic
performanceforschoolsthatstartedafter8:35(Fischetti).Thisanexampleoftheuseoflogos
inthearticlewhichiswhatthearticleismostlyabout.theydontuseanyemotiontopersuade
youoranybias.Theytalkaboutnotonlythereasonsforwhytoswitch,butalsothereasonswhy
theschoolscan'tdoitasquicklyasparentsandstudentswantitto.Thisarticlehasmadethe
connectionbetweenthestudentsperformanceandthelaterschoolstarttimes.Thearticlehas
beentherealevidenceforwhyschoolsshouldstartearlier,andhowwecanimprovethestudent's
academicperformance.


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TheCDC'sYouthRiskBehaviorSurveyin2011showedthat69%ofU.S.highschool
studentsgetfewerthan8hoursofsleeponschoolnights,and40%get6orfewerhours
(McKibben).SchoolStartLaterhascompiledalistoffactstosupportschoolsonwhythey
shouldswitchtolaterstarttimes.Thearticleisheavilylogos,forallthestudiestheytalkabout,
andethos,forthebiastheauthorhas.AstudyattheUSAirForceAcademyshowedfirstyear
studentsstartingclassesafter8a.m.performedbetternotonlyintheirfirstclassesbut
throughouttheday(McKibben).Thisquotewouldbeagoodexampleoflogosbyincludinga
studyfromanothersource.Theethoscomesfromthetypeoffactsthatarebeinggivenbythe
author.Shetalksaboutallthefactsforthestudentsbenefitforthelaterstarttimesratherthan
givingallthefactsfortheothersideoftheargument.Thearticlehasgiventhebulkofthefacts
towardsthesupportoflaterschoolstarttimes.Thearticlewillshouldbeoneofyourbigfacts
resourcebecauseoftheamountoffactstheygive,thesourcestheygetthemfrom,andthe
websiteisareputablesource.
Earlyclasstimesaretakingatollonadolescentshealthandacademicperformance
(Richmond).TheAtlanticisanewswebsitethathaswrittenanarticleabouthowtheCentersfor
DiseaseControl,CDC,hasissuedawarningtoallschoolsabouthowearlyclasstimeshave
takenatollonstudentshealthandacademicperformance.Thearticleisagainheavilylogoswith
ethosandpathosbehind.TheCDCsrecommendationscomeayearaftertheAmerican
AcademyofPediatricsurgedschoolstoadjuststarttimessomorekidswouldgetthe
recommended8.5to9.5hoursofnightlyrest(Richmond).Thisexampleoflogosisusinga
knownsource,liketheCDC,andusingitsresearchtosupporttheirclaim.So,ifthescienceis
sostrong,whatsgettinginthewayofchangingthepolicy?(Richmond).Thisexampleofethos


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showshowhowtheynotonlyincludetheprosoftheargument,buttheconsassociatedwithlater
starttimes,whichshowsthatthearticlehasnobias.Thisarticleisgreatforshowingthe
supportingpointsofthelaterstarttimesthroughareputablesource,theCDC.Thisarticlecould
beusedtoargueagainstapointofearlierschoolstarttimes,foritincludespointsfromtheother
sideoftheargument.
Tokeepteenagersalert,schoolsletthemsleepin(Hoffman).TheNewYorkTimeshas
createdanewsstoryabouthowayoungstudentconvincedherschooltopushbacktheirstart
timefrom7:50to9a.m.Theauthorwasgreatontheiruseofnotonlypathos,butlogosaswell.
Shesetthreesuccessivealarmsonherphone.Skippedbreakfast.Hastilyappliedmakeupwhile
herfumingfatherdrove(Hoffman).Thisisanexampleofpathosforhowtheytrytogetyour
sympathybytellingyouhowhardshehasittryingtogettoschoolontime.Dr.Elizabeth
Miller,chiefofadolescentmedicineatChildrensHospitalofPittsburgh...(Hoffman).This
exampleoflogoshasexplainedhowtheyuseasourcetoconveythetypeoflogicwhichisa
studyconductedbyareputablesource.Thisschoolthatwasprotested,andnowhasallowedthe
studentstotosleepinforanotherhourorso,hasshownthestudentsthattheyhavethepowerto
standupfortheirhealth.JustlikethisschoolinColumbia,otherschoolsareswitchingtothe
laterstarttimes,fornotonlythebenefitstotheschool,butthebenefitstothethestudents
themselves.


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WorksCited
"LaterSchoolStartTimes."
NationalSleepfoundation
.N.p.,25Apr.2004.Web.6Nov.2015.
"ShouldTheSchoolDayStartLater?"
DelawareOnline
.N.p.,3Sept.2014.Web.28Oct.2015.
"SleepyTeens:HighSchoolShouldStartLaterintheMorning."
ScientificAmerican
.N.p.,26
Aug.
2014.Web.26Oct.2015.
"ToKeepTeenagersAlert,SchoolsLetThemSleepIn."
TheNewYorkTimes
.N.p.,13Mar.
2014.Web.12Nov.2015.
"WakeupCalls."
SchoolStartLater
.N.p.,Apr.2014.Web.28Oct.2015.
"WhySchoolShouldStartLaterintheMorning."
TheAtlantic
.N.p.,17Aug.2015.Web.28
Oct.2015.