2000

Paper-1
1. Distinguish between rock weathering and erosion. Show how processes of weathering in cool humid climate,
differ from those in hot arid region. You may take examples from any part of the world.
2. What do you understand by the plate theory? What has it to do with:
(a) the formation of mountains
(b) earth quakes
(c) volcanoes.
3. Summarize with specific examples classification of rocks and show how different mode of origin affect the
exploitation of mineral wealth.
4. Describe and explain the ways in which each of the following desert landforms originate:
(a) Mesa (b) Pedestal rock (c) Barchan
(d) Playa (e) Wadi
5. Examine the relation between the prevalent wind systems and ocean currents in either North Atlantic or North
Pacific Oceans. Also suggest effects of the oceanic circulation described.
6. Confining your attention to the northern hemisphere contrast the Cool Temperate West Marginal type of climate
with the Cool Temperate East Marginal type and try to account for any similarities and differences.
7. Write short notes on the following:(a) Modern Cartography
(b) Observation of weather phenomenon
(c) Uses and limitations of Mercators Projection
(d) Distribution maps and their techniques.
Paper-2
1. Enumerate the salient features of Population Distribution in SOUTH EAST ASIA.
2. Explain different farming types such as subsistence farming, dry farming, terrace farming and mixed farming.
3. Analyze the location of Iron and Steel industry in the U.S.A and U.K.
4. What are the major factors responsible for increasing urbanization? Highlight the main problems from this
increase facing by these urban centres.
5. Write short Geographical notes on the production, trade and distribution of any TWO of the following products;
(a) Cotton. - (b) Sugar cane,
(c) Rubber. (d) Coffee.
6. Discuss the problems of Water Logging and Salinity specially in Pakistan. Explain the important remedial

measures to be taken to control this problem.

7. Discuss the Environmental hazards facing at present to this World. What adverse affects are being visualized from
this problem.
2001
Paper-1
1.What is meant by Ocean Currents? How the different types of Currents are caused? Highlight the currents of
Atlantic Ocean with the help of a sketch map.
2. What are earthquakes? How closely are they connected with earth mo vements? Elaborate their effects and
distributions in fhe main regions of the world.
3. Define glacier. How would you categorise them according to ihc mode of formation? Explain with the help of
diagrams the characteristic, features of a glaciated region.
4. There are certain winds which generated by terrestrial peculiarities and are named accordingly. Pin point/explain
such winds (world-wide) with their properties and effects in me prevailing areas.
5. What are main characteristics of thunderstorm? How arc they classified? Also explain their zonal distribution.
6. Differentiate the weather and topographical maps? Briefly express the various terms/features which arc associated
with these maps.
7. Write short notes on trte following:(a) Geysers
(b) Bonne's Modified Conical Projection
(c) Adveclion Tog
(d) Artesian wells
Paper-2
Time Allowed; Three Hours_______________Maximum Marks: 100
NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in ail, including QUESTION No. 8 which is COMPULSORY. All
questions carry EQUAL marks.
1. Explain urbanization. Give a brief history and present pattern of world urbanization.
2. Differentiate between various types of Economic Activities. Describe the world patterns of any one activity with
special reference to Pakistan.
3. Enumerate the Politico-economic relationship between the developed countries and te
less developed countries.
4. Divide the wor,J into Population Resource regions and describe the major characteristics of any one region.
5. Analyse the Power Resource of "SOUTH ASIA".
6. Enumerate the Salient features of the "Indus Water Treaty".
7. Write comprehensive notes on any TWO of the following:-

(i) Wheat in Temperate GrassLnd (ii) Rice in Monsoon Asia (Hi) Iron and Steel Industry of Japan (iv)
Environmcntalism

2002
Paper-1
Give a detailed account of the origin, life history, weather type and distribution of extra-tropical or frontal cyclone.
2-What do you known about the distribution of atmospheric pressure and the resulting wind system on the earth
surface?
3-Describe the conditions essential for the development of Karst Topography, List the principal features of Karst
region.
4-Examine the evolution of AEOLIAN Land forms.
5-Make a compartive study of the Gulf Stream and KUROSHIO current tinder the following heads:
(a) Origin
(b) Characteristics
(c) Course
(d) Impact on economy
6- What are AERIAL photographs? How arc these different from Toptgraphical Maps? Discuss their importance to
map making.
7-Write short notes on the following:
(a) Tides '
(b) Conventional Signs
(c) Alluvial Fax
(d) Air Mass
Paper-2
1. "Geographers h#ve to rethink their approach to regional studies in the light of iijcreasing environmental stress
from local to international levels." Assess this statement.
2. Explain process of demographic transition comparing the % areas and populations of either Canada or the United
States of America (USA)
3. Bring out the importance of geographic differences within Western European region and Eastern European, the
Baikans and the former Soviet Union region.
4. Write a comprehensive note on world economic activities, their geographic ,'tgnificance, extent and recent
globalizing trends
5. Discuss ancient, river based regional structure of South Asia with special access to its resource realm.
6. In what ways does regional knowledge actually lead to improve self and mutual understanding of people and
places in Pakistan?
7. Describe any TWO of the following:
(i) Economies of the oil producers in Arab South West
Asia.

(ii) Geopolitical role of the Central Asian Countrie. (iii) Urban landscape of Latin America (iv) Future of the
ASEAN countries.
2003
Paper-1
1. Discuss Mediterranean climate as under:
(a) Main characteristics
(b) Regional variations.
2. What is glaciation? Describe the land forms associated with glaciation in the highland areas.
3. How are tides caused? Describe the various types of tides.
4. How re earthquakes caused? Describe the major earthquake zones.
5. Discuss the various types of quantitative aerial maps based on statistical data and show how the use of colours
adds to the clarity of distribution.
6. Compare the usefulness of Simple Cylindrical, Cylindrical Equal Area and Cylindrical Orthomorphic Projections.
7. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Cyclonic Storms
(b) Continental Shelf
(c) Sand Dunes
(d) Pie Diagrams
(e) Alnino current
Paper-2
Critically examine the concept of Environmental Determinism.
2. How does subsistence farming effect differ from Extensive Herding? Make a Comparative analysis.
3. Discuss the role of socio-economic and physical factors in the development of hydroelectricity.
4. Why is irrigation necessary in Pakistan? Describe the irrigational methods practiced in the Western Highlands of
Pakistan|?
5. Describe the physiographic features of the following areas of Pakistan:
(a) Mountainous North
(b) Intermontane Plains
(c) Pleistocene terraces (bars)
6. Bring out the salient features of population of South Asia under the following heading:
(a) Population Distribution
(b) Population Growth
(c) Employment
7. Write notes on any TWO of the following:
(a) SAARC
(b) OPEC
(c) European Union
2004
Paper-1

1. What are Rocks? Discuss igneous rocks and compare and contrast the intrusive and extrusive rocks.
2. Define Cyclones. How are the temperate Cyclones formed? Discuss the theory regarding their formation. .
3. Discuss Monsoon Climatic Region in detail.
4. Give an account of the Indian Ocean Currents and explain their difference from other Ocean currents.
5. What do you know about Oceanic depositions? Discuss in detail.
6. Explain the different methods of Thematic Maps. Discuss in detail any one method and its merits and demerits.
7. Write "short notes on the following:
(a) Conical Projection (b) Atoll Formation (c) Yardang (d) Horse Latitudes (e) Cycle of Erosion
Paper-2
1. Give a lucid comparison between Environmental Determinism and Possibilism.
2. Explain the physical and economic factors which control the distribution of Fisheries in the world.
3. Give a comparison between tropical forests and Temperate forests.
4. Classify settlements on the basis of from and size.
5. Discuss critically Types of Migration.
6. Discuss how far climate relates to topography, with reference to Pakistan.
7. "Development of industries and agriculture depend on each other". Discuss with reference to Pakistan.
2005
Paper-1
1. Define insulations, discuss the distribution of temperature on the surface of Earth and reasons for its variation.
2. What are various types of local winds? Discuss in details the formation and characteristics of the Mountain and
Valley winds.
3. What is a rock? Classify rocks and discuss the formation and characteristics of any one type.
4. What do you know about major landforms? Describe the landforms produced by the glaciers?
5. Describe in details the distribution of salinity in the Oceans.
6. What are the Oceans movements? Discuss the Currents of the Pacific Ocean.
7. What are the major types of Map Projections under any major type, discuss their characteristics and uses.
Paper-2
1. Discuss man-environmental relationship in the light of Physical Determinism and Possibilism.
2. Give an account of the Petroleum production in Middle East. Also throw light on its economic and political
importance.

3. The River basins and Coastal Plains of South Asia are reckoned as one of the densely populated areas of the
world. Discuss.
4. Agriculture sector is the linchpin of the economy of South Asia. Discuss in detail with special reference to
Pakistan.
5. Give an account of the major industries of South Asia based on Non-Metallic minerals.
6. Explain the importance of the means of transportation in the development of a region. Also throw light on
Pakistans transportation Network.
7. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Strategic importance of Pakistan
(b) Gwadar Port
(c) International Trade Pattern
(d) Environmental and Economic importance of Forests
2006
Paper-1
Q1. Suggest ways in which:
a. The natural environment affects human activities;
b. Human activities affect the natural environment.
Q2. Compare different urban and rural landscapes with which you are familiar.
Q3. Summarize Western Europes historic contribution to the development of the present world economy.
Q4. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of dependence on oil production by countries of SW Asia and North
Africa.
Q5. Bring out the importance of the manufacturing belt of USA. What effects does the Appalachia area have on the
rest of the country?
Q6. Compare the economic and social geographies of the Central Asian countries.
Q7. To what extent are water resources likely to act as a limit to economic development in Pakistan? Elaborate your
answer with optimistic outlook.
Paper-2
Q1. How do the climate factors of precipitation and temperature influence the distribution of natural vegetation?
Where can we find the tropical rainforest?
Q2. Explain original concept of air masses and present principal air masses.
Q3. Describe the ways in which earthquake can be managed. Use examples to support your answer.
Q4. Outline the processes by which a river produces various Land features describing its mode of transportation.
Q5. Briefly explain the features associated with:
a. Submerged coastlines
b. Emerged coastlines
Q6. Distinguish b/w North Indian Ocean and South Indian Ocean currents w.r.t specific controlling factor.

Q7. Describe Map characteristics in detail with example of map design geared either to:
a. Data communication or
b. Data analysis objectives.
2007
Paper-1
Q1. Write an essay on the heating and cooling of the surface of the earth
Q2. Which prominent areas experience either of the climate type? Give the characteristics of the climate type along
with the associated economic activities. Mediterranean type or Monsoon type?
Q3. Discuss the origin and characteristics of the landforms produced by glaciers
Q4. Provide a brief account of fluvial cycle of erosion?
Q5. What are ocean currents? Discuss the different factors contributing in their occurrence and also describe their
effect on the surrounding areas?
Q6. What causes the rise and fall of tides? What celestial bodies are most important in determining tides?
Q7. What are topographical maps? Write in detail on the features presented on such maps.
Paper-2
Q1. What is meant by population growth? Compare the pattern of population growth between the more developed
countries (MDCS) and less developed countries (LDCS) since 1950?
Q2. An age old phenomenon, forced migration across international borders has become exceedingly widespread
during the recent past. Discuss?
Q3. Delineate the hierarchy of economic activities. Give a detailed account of any ONE of the secondary activities
in the world?
Q4. Describe in detail the production and trade of rice in the world with specific reference to south Asia?
Q5. Write an analytical essay on the politico-economic relationship between MDCS and LDCS?
Q6. Define urbanization. Give a critical assessment of the process of urbanization in Pakistan since its inception?
Q7. Write concise notes on any THREE of the following:
(a) Possibilism.
(b) Population/Resource regions
(c) Shifting cultivation
(d) Tourism in Pakistan
(e) Pakistans strategic Importance
2008
Paper-1

Paper-2

2009
Paper-1
Q.2. Describe the factors contributing to the origin of ocean currents. Also describe the Ocean Currents of the
Atlantic Ocean bringing about their effect on the surrounding area?
Q.3. Describe the internal structure of the earth in detail giving dimentions, mineral composition and physical
properties. What type of evidence is used to obtain this information? What tempratures and pressures may be
expected at the earth's centre?
Q.4. Write in detail on the action of the river in its youth, maturity, and old age.
Q.5. Write an essay on earthquake.
Q.6. Wind produces a variety of interesting sequential landforms both erosional and depositional'. Discuss.
Q.7. In what way does the wet, monsoon-dominated climate of southern Asiatic coasts (Am) differ from that close to
the equator(aj). Discuss in detail.
Q.8. What is the distinction between large-scale, medium-scale and small-scale maps? Explain by giving examples
Paper-2
Q.2. What do you understand by the term possibilism? How far has man changed the environment in his favour?
Give examples.
Q.3.Write down the various kinds of migration and describe the effects of intra-urban migration.
Q.4.How did settlements originate in the world? Describe the central place theory.
Q.5. Give an account of power resources of south asia with special reference to pakistan.
Q.6. "Economic geography is the study of location, distribution and use of scarce resources". Discuss.
Q.7. What is meant by cultural diffusion?How is the culture of an area affected by landscape?
Q.8. "South Asia has many places where people are few and few places where people are very many". Discuss.
2010
Paper-1
q.2 define mass wasting and explain mass wasting in detail.
q.3 present the rock cycle in connection with its reincarnation.
q4 describe landforms and evolution of landscapes of glaciation in the mid and high latitudes.
q.5 identify the geographic patterns of evapotranspiration.Examine the factors contributing to expanding deserts
around the globe.
q.6 discuss mediterranean climatic region with its dominating characteristics.
q.7show with an aid of a sketch map currents of the Indian ocean.bring out the influence of monsoon on currents of
the North Indian ocean.
q.8 write comprehensive note on any two

1 choice of projections
2 synoptic charts
3 planetary winds
4. trends in january isotherm
Paper-2
Q2: Present the spatial distribution of population over the globe.
Q3: Define Resources. Give most workable classification of resources citing explicit examples
Q4: Describe Industrial Revoution. how far it has helped in economic development as well as increasing economy
disparity in the world?
Q5: Discuss grain farming in South Asia. Did you notice agriculture change in the region recently?
Q6: Bring out the importance of Pakistan in the current geo-polity pertinent to Global Affairs.
Q7: Explain Geographical requirements, distribution and production of cotton in South Asia.
Q8: Write comprehensive NOTES on ANY TWO of the following:
1- World's major fishing grounds
2- Trade patterns in China
3- Singapore--Her Economic success
4- Urbanization in Latin America.
2011
Paper-1

Paper-2

2012
Paper-1
Q.2. Bring out scientific definition of rock and highlight the process and degree of metamorphism with explicit
examples.
Q.3. Evaluate physical weathering and its occurrences in different climate areas over the globe.
Q.4. Introduce Atlantic Ocean with its flows configuration as a unique phenomena.
Q.5. Illustrate and suggest merits of dot method while handling demographic data of Pakistan.
Q.6. Present glaciated morphology through various stages.
Q.7. Discuss salient features of Western European type of climate with its impact on experiencing societies.
Q.8. Write short notes on any two f the following.
(i) Tectonic Plates
(ii) Block mountains.
(iii) International dateline
(iv) Isostasy
Paper-2
Describe the appearance and mode of living of the following African peoples and name the regions where they live
TODAY.
1. Bushmen 2. Berbers 3. Pigmies
2. A population map of Asia shows that most people live on or near the river basins and coasts. Give reasons for this
distribution.
3. Certain Australian Farms are specialized in dairy farming and others in beef production. Give a reasoned account
of the distribution of these industries and illustrate by a sketch map.
4. Name the chief agricultural products of South Asia and indicate the chief producing areas on a sketch map.

5. Account for the recent floods in the Indus basin and its impact on agricultural lands and their productivity.
6. In what ways does the import and export trade of Pakistan differ from that of her western neighbours?
7. Write shorts notes on any two of the following
1. Manufacturing industries in China
2. Fisheries in Japan
3. Rural to Urban Migration in Pakistan
4. Recent Trends in International Relations within SAARC
2013
Paper-1
Q.2. Ocean currents influence the climate,resources and economies of many countries.
Elaborate this statement and give examples.
Q.3. How have earthquake waves helped the scientist to know about the interior of the Earth.?Give a detailed
description of the earth's interior with the help of diagrams.
Q.4. Discuss the silent features of monsoon type of climate.What impact does it have on millions living in the South
Asia.?
Q.5. Differentiate between weathering, mass wasting and erosion. Give a detailed classification of mass wasting
types and their areas of occurrence.
Q.6. Describe the young fold mountain building process with the help of moving Lithosphere Plate Theory.
Q.7. What is meant by Map projection.?Discuss different types of Conical Projection and tell us about their merits
and demerits.
Q.8. Write short notes on any two of the following.
(i) Tropical Cyclones
(ii) Tides
(iii) Rock cycle
(iv) Aerial photographs
Paper-2
Q.2- Is there any relation between the 'Holy Quran and Geography? explain your ideas in detail.
Q.3- Which factors effect the distribution of population in the world? Elaborate
Q.4- What is the importance of iron and steel industry? How it plays a major role in the development of any
country?
Q.5- Draw a map of Pakistan and show physical features in it.
Q.7- Fresh water shortage is a future threat for Pakistan. Discuss
Q.8- Write notes on any two
a) The green Revolution
b) The Golden Corridor
c) Energy crisis in Pakistan.
d) Causes of rural-urban migration in the world.
2014
Paper-1

Q2) What is a glacier? Discuss the action of glacier as an agent of erosion and deposition and the resulting
landforms.
Q3) Explain the concept of fluvial cycle, and the sequential development of landforms.
Q4) Enlist the various forms of precipitation and describe the circumstances which cause them,
Q5) What are the factors and forces that determine the movement, direction an dnature of ocean currents? Describe
in detail the currents of Atlantic Ocean bringing out their effects on surrounding lands.
Q6) Which prominent ares experience Mediterranean type of climate? Give the characteristics of this type along
with associated economic activities?
Q7) What are weather Maps? Detail the features presented on these maps and bring out the important of such maps.
Q8) Write short notes on any 2 of following
a) The Jet stream
b)Global radiation and heat balance
c) Topographical Maps
Paper-2
Q2) Describe the factors that affect the density of population in any region. In the light of these factors, discuss
briefly the density of population if SOUTH ASIA.
Q3) Discuus the major factors responsible for increasing urbanization? Highlight the main problems from this
increase facing by these urban centres at present.
Q4)Briefly mention the types of FARMING, and discuss the role of HUMAN and ECONOMIC factors influencing
the agriculture.
Q5) write a comprehensive note on IRON and STEEL industry of GERMANY and JAPAN.
Q6) Physical requirements for the Cultivation of rice. Discuss in detail its production in ASIA.
Q7) Development of industries and agriculture depends upon each other. Discuss with reference to Pakistan.
Q8) Assess the power resources of SOUTH ASIA
2015
Paper-1

Paper-2