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    Solution To Physics Problems

    Загружено:

    TalhaBhutta
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    (9) Aroly Bq. 12, w (0303)8:3m) cour) = 5803. 0) he fore of gravity perpendicular the dlacment ofthe cots eo there no work done by the force vi. {0 Ts normal fre is perpendicular othe dplacemeat ofthe crt, thre ano wrk doe ty the normal fe EAE (0) The fore required is F = ma = (L0Gk)(1971/s) = 200N. The object moves with an overage velocity Uy = vy/2 In ate t= wpa though n diatence 2 vast ophtear ee 2 (613:/5)7/2(1.97m/2) = 655m, (200 868m) = 1.40% 10°5. ‘The work done is W = Ps (©) The force woud is F 1061)(4.82m/s4) = LN 279m. The work done is W = Fe = (1.3m 4482/2) (-S11.8)(278m) = 140.105, BIS () W= Fe = (120N)(36m) = 4303 (©) W = Freed ~ mgzcosd = (25k3)(98m/#3)(8.6m) ee{117) = 400N, (0) W = Fecosd, but 8= 00", 00 Ws Elid ‘The worker pushes with force B; this force has components Pe where @ = ~320". The eton ef = gd cos and F, = Peind, normal force ofthe ground on the erate is N= mg Bao the feos ot 'lmg—P,). The crate moves at constant speed, wo Ps = f'Then Posed = inimg~ Pend), ‘The work done on the eate w + (020s nys82 1 (021) tan(—s20e] = HR FALE, The compcnents ofthe weight are W = mgsin@ and W, = mgcosd, ‘The push B has ‘components Fy = Poosd and P= Print roy mia fore on the trunk 8 N = W + PL so the fixe of bien 6 = pylmgoned = Pony, te Pash ware to move Ue trunk up at constant sped is then fund ty Cee that Fiwite pa maKtand + ms) “T= jtand (9) The work doce by the applied farce is = {523 081 m/s 28.0) + (0.19) on(28. 0°55) een 2=(Ois)ian(es. ory () The work done bythe force of gravity is W = mg coo + 90°) = (52:3) (98 n/s)(5.95m) co 18 1003. 14303. ns LLG 8 = ersin(0.902m/1.62m) = 298° ‘The componetts ofthe weight are Wy = mgsin@ and Was = mgcos8, ‘The normal free on the lee ls N =\W; 20 the force of fction sf = jnmgcos®. The push required to alow he ice to slide down at constant spoed is then found by noting tat P = Wf. ‘Then P = mglsind — jn 080) (a) P= (47 2)(881 m/s.) () The wore done by the applied force ie W = (6) The work done by the free of gravity is W = mgzcox(90° ~ 6) » (47 24g)(9.81 m/st(1.62m) co 96.2") = 174, (215N)(-1.621m) = ~3483, Buatcn 1-5 describes how to Bad the dot product of two vectors fom components, BB = abet oyby tabs, = 2} +OVA)+ HB) =. Equation 1-S.an be sed to find the angle between the vectors, VORS OF GF = 5.19, VOR OF OF = 3.74 Now use Ba. 1, cose: and then # = 220° ELS a-6 = (12(5.8)cos85") = 20. ELL9 #4 (45)(7.3)coe(200° 85°) ELL-10_ (a) Add the components individually: FaG+2 401+ (4-243 + (6-94 2% (0) = asecosi=7/VIFEFF) = 120" (6) 8 = areas b/ Val), ni+9j— rk. (2) +12) 4-09) _ oye Ser OEE ‘There are two forces on the womaa, the fore of gravity directed down and the normal force ofthe flor directed up. These will be efetivey equal, so N= W = mg. Consaquetiy, the ST kg woman must exert foe of F = (57eg(9.8m/s") = SON to propel hese up the stirs From the refernce frame of the woman the stare are moving own, and she exerting free down, 90 the work done by the woman is given by W = Fo (S008)(45 m) 500 J, this work is postive because the force isin the seme direction as he dieplacement “The average power supplied by the woman is given by Eq. 1-7, P= W/t-= (2500 /(359) = 710 W. 129 100» 667) 482 m)/(55.08) = 184% 108. {10N)(0.22m/3) = 24W, BUA F= Pj, but the units ace awkward p= 4800hp) Lknot 2 R/e 145.7 7 ~ (7 knots) T8576 0.3088 m/e hp Pn Fo = (720N)(26 m/s) 9000 W; in horsepower, P = 19000 W(L/?45.7ap/W) = bp. ELL-16 Change to metric units! Then P = 4020W, and the fow cate is Q density of waters approximately 1.00 kg/L, 0 the mas fw rate R= 139 gs. (402016) Gaim) hick isthe same as approximately 120 fet 39L/e. The Pp wee =361m, (4) Start by converting klowst-hours to Joules 1 EW = (2000 W)(2600 5) ‘The car gets 30 mal, and one gallon of gas produces 140 MI of enegy. The gas required to rodoce 3.6% 108F ie 36x08. (2 oes (sly etn eo ti mh gai - oa gi (28) ore (6, At 8 mi, i wil take te orm (ZL) womenaste Tht cae ene hen (08/818) = TOW, BUL-I8 The linear spood ie v = 2(0.207m)(2.59rev/s) ‘mV = (032)(180N) = 51 8N. The power developed i P= E1L-19 The net force required will be (1380 ~ 1220ig)(9.81m/s2) = 1570, The work is W = Fry, the power output is P = W/t = (1870 N}(645m)/{ah.00) 1960 We 11-29 (2) The momentum change ofthe eeted material in one second is ‘Ap= (70-2697 o/s ~ 184 m/s) + (2.92bg)(497 m/s) = 2.341080 / SLx1OAW, That's 5780 hp. ‘The ocleration onthe objet ae fnction of position sven by ro m/e? am “The work done o the object given by Ba, 14, we [[nden [on ®22 scons EUR Wek ae bn ce andthe P= 0. Ten w= comes Soe H-s1525 0383 (a) For a spring, ‘This is the amount les than the 40 mm mar, the postion ofthe spring with no force on its 28 (0) ae =10 mm compare tothe 100 N pete, so AP « ~k2 = ~(6S10N/m)(~0010m) = 65N, ‘The weight ofthe last object is HON — 65N = 45N. EM (9) W = Boe — 22) = (1500N/a(7.60x10-2m}? = 4.99%10°4), (©) W = $008 (0.82% 10%)? — (0310-9? = 13010. E1125 Start with Bq, 11-20, and et Fz =0 while Fy = mg: wre {aes an =e f= ELL-26 (a) Fo = mod/ro = (0675ie)(100n/s)/(0.500m) = 135N, (®) Angular momentum is conserved, so v= w(ro/r). The force then varies amafri/e? = Fora/r). The work doe Wa [8 dem CEMONODY 6-999)? (0500m) mfr = 0003. ‘The kinetic energy ofthe electrons 1.80 «10-17 ) = 87s Then OR _ /aexI-P Ging) 12x10 m/s 1a BLL-28 (0) X= f(n10%)1 m/s? (6) K = 4(64.2:40-%g)060m/97 (6) 91, 400 tons(Q07 2a) ¥ = 320 knot 688 f/s/knot) (0.048 m/f) sm = 20-1006) = 110.10) EUL2®.() Af = Wn Fe = 4r<10-*ig (04% n/2\0.U80m) = 230440, Thar Foto aoc to-¥ a Sa iaee (0 Ke 2081071 rei) sO / 2) = 800109, Then = VRFa = VITA HT TRTO MG BLL-30 Work is neyative if kineti energy is dacreasing, Tis happens only i region ©D. The ‘work is zero in region BC: Otherwite its posite 88x10" m/e {ELL-31] (o) Find the velocity of the patil by taking the time derivative ofthe position: v= F =(0m/s)~ (Bom/s)e + (20m/sye Find v at tw times: = 0 and t= 4s, (0) = @.0m/s)~(.0m/34)(0) + (20m/33(0)? = 20m, 8) = (80m/s)~(8.0m/s(408) +(8.0m/e?(405)? = 19.0m/s ‘The initia kinetic energy is Ki = 4(280g)(3.0m/s) Ke = 4(2.0kg)(190m/? = 5051. ‘The work done by the force i given by Ba. 11-24, W = Kr~ Ky =5053~ 13, () This question is aking fr the instantaneous power when t= 3.08. P= Fv, so Sr find a; 184, while the final kinetic energy is 23, (6.0m/#) + (60m/s)e 6 this give 30 = (280g) (10m/s2)(6m/s) = 108 W. Bs? Waa 98> 10g) 20.8105)? = 9.66% 10%, E1133, (a) K = $(16001g)(20m/s? = 9.210% (0) Pe We (8.2x108))/(238) = 971 W. (0) P= Fu = may = (1000%g)(20m/s/33.00)(20m/s) = 1.9.104W. BIL S4_ (0) = 1.401041. p(1.46310-Teg/mboru) = 2.99%10- Peg: m2 (0) R= flu = $(232410-"ig:m)(4.0% 10" rad/s}? = 21410. That's 1.34 meV 132 ELL-S5_ The translational kinetic energy is K Ho? = 3Ky. Then oF [AERO 2 on Var aioe mg a OS) = 6.5010" ca ELL96 K, = blu? = }{512h)(0.970 my" (624 ends)? = 478%10° (©) €= W/P = (475%10°9)/8130W) = 5840, of 974 minutes rm, the rotational kinetic energy is K, From Eq, 1129, Kj = an. The object is «hoop, 30 MRP. Then, v= ume = Hang. eosman? 20110 Finally, the average power roquired to stop the wheel is ELL-38_ ‘The wheels are connected by a belt, s0 raw (G) Hg =p then (0) instead 4 = Ke then 42 (5.0810%eg)(6.37 10% a (0) ¢= (257%109)(6.175102W) 2257000) arto or 18 bllon years EL1-40 (a) The velocities relative to the center of mas are m0) ‘100m/e sl get ‘maoy; combine with 2, +92 = (290.0) = (15004910 /¢~ 21) 1 = (150 g)(910m/s)/(20kg + 150kg) = 3100/8 and va = 600m/s. The rocket case was sent back, s0 ve = 7000/8 310m/s = 7290m/s. The rod capsule was sent forward, 80 p= 76DD%/2 + 60D = 8200 m/s. (0) Before, Ky }(200%g + 150g) 7600m/o" = 1.271% 10%, Afr, 278x103 Jcootexran/4 + mie0m/) eri eye ote ig 1s i] Let the mas of the freight ear be M and the inital speed be vy Let the mass of the ‘Bem and the foal sped ofthe coupled cars bev. The caboose i originally at tart, 9 the expression of momentum sonteration Moy Moy + mey = (M+ m)oy ‘The decrease in kinsiceneey is given by Lagu? — (Ango? 4 Amv? B-Ks = Suet (Sebo) = Hotat (ar emer) Wt we ely wat i (Ks Kirk Mv? — (M+ moe? Me eG 4 (wa) ‘ete in the ast line we substituted from the momentum conservation expression a Kick, _M Mo R71" em =~ gems ‘Thole hand side is 27%, We want to ove this for ma, the weight of the caboose. Upoa rearranging, Mo E11-42 ‘Since the body splits into two parts with equal mass then the velocty gained by one is iontcal to the velocity “ost” by the other, The initia kinetic energy ie Kv Hontg(20me 6, Tea Kt sy 16J tera ho Ky = 29=Hanie(eonje+o? + Hanie\eom/s— oF, Heo aome? +e, 0 1601 = (4.0kg)?. Then v = 20m/5; one chunk comes toa rest while the other moves off at peed of 40 m/e, B11-49 The intial velocity ofthe neutron is eu, the final votyis vy. By momentum conser ‘ton the fal momeatum ofthe desteron is me(tai~ v4) Then mae = meyag FoF ‘There is also conservation of kinetic energy” Led m Sone? + Aeged jad = mot + fra Rounding the numbers lightly we have mg = 2m, then 4of = vf-+02 isthe momentum expression and wf = uf +2 isthe energy expresion, Contining, 2h = 2 + Od +08), o uf = 0/9. So the neutron is lft with 1/8 oft orignal Kinetic energy. ro Batead (a) The china particle must have momentum Ba = (10-73 10-?eg)(6.22x10%n/s + (6.85>10-7eg 785 108/sh (1044 + 0.655) 10°kg- mje, (©) The Kinetic energy ca alan be written a8 K = fro? Iiuetie enemy eppateing a this process }m(pim)? = o?/2m, ‘Then the K = SnsroMg\ezsitay + Hassan *gcssstalst arp tO m= 12a Dishes Tus te Change sour une Then pa _ 4Sevyi16.10-" sev) a (34x10 m) 1x10-®N. PLL2 (9) If the acoeleration is ~9/4 the the net force onthe block is ~Mo/4, so the tension ia the cord must be T = 39/1 () The work done by the coed ie W = F-# = (849/4)(— PAIS (4) In 12 minutes the hore moves = (680 f/i)(620 mi/(0 200) = 6550. The work done by the hore in chat te is = Fa (42.0 1b}(6500 fe en27. 0) = 24S 10h (0) The power output ofthe hose (24510 Rs) EH 17208) Lp a OR Be = 340 b/s = 0.118 bp. PULO In this problem @ = arcean(28.2/294) = 955° ‘The weight ofthe block as components W, = mgsin0 and W,, = mgcos8. The force of tion on the book is = sn. = pumgcos8. The tension inthe ope must then be 1 = mgsind + wy 2008) a order to move the block up the ramp. The power supplied by the wine will be P = 7, 50 P= (1380 kg)(88 2/955 + (041 con 85.5)](1.340/9) = 1.68 104, 135 1Ehe pons i constant then the fre onthe cre gten by F'= P/s But te force is ‘ated to the acceleration by F'= ma and tothe spend ty F=f fr motion inom dncones Then BP yelvervepvers Wo ean rearrange thie final eapresin to get vax function of 2,» = (864/m)!9 PLL-B (x) Ifthe drag is D = be, then the force required to tove the planéforwaed at constant speed is F 50 the power cequted is P= Fu = be (0) P oo oi the speed Intenso 125% then P increas by a factor of 1.259 = 1.983, ot Increases by 95.3%, PLL9 (a) P= mgh/t, but m/t isthe persons pee mite tines the average mass, s9 ‘P= (10 peopl/mia) 75.04) 9.81 m/s")(8.20m) = 01x 104W, (©) In 950 the Escalator has moved (0.620m/)(0.808) = 5.80m; o the Escalator has “fed” "he man through a distance of (5.89m)(8.20m/183m) = 369%. The man di the nox hse, ‘The work done bythe Exeslator is then W = (83.5kg)(081 m/s4)(3.69 en) ~ 29709, (c) Ye, because the point of contact is moving ina ireton with at leas some aon-ero com> onent ofthe fore. The power is P= (635m/23(981 m/(0620mm/s(8.20m/13319) = 313. (2) I there i fore of contact between the man andthe Bssltor thn the Eaalatot doing workeon th man, PLI1O_ (0) dP /dv =~ ob— Sav? s0 Pe oocirs when 30? = bo v= VOT (©) P= P/o, so dF/du = ~20, which means Fis a maxim when Y=, (©) No; P=0, bat F (©) Integrate, pata B [-nise~ ra ce W = 380 /2 135 PIIA2 |) Sajna ns ww = 41am +4@.4n) + 0809 1.0m) «33. (0) We [Pde = fayette W = (ON-mA)a flor = 1/Sm) = 65 ‘he workout tech he sprig fons 210.1 give by ~A eoduating tis bese the lint of iteyration gives ‘The problen gives tam kt Ket Wo» Ko ‘We then want to fd the work requied to stretch fon = to Wien = PUAL4 (Tha sping exten edt = IFT — The ce fo ne pl a pital [Eh bat oy hes emptied Feak(Vgre- “ (Vir?-*) aie 1s the fret requir to move the pint ‘The work requze i the intgmal. TY = ff Feds, whieh is Wea? = 2b fpr + 2085 [Note that dows reduce tothe expecta elie fr > ly () Bins! expansion of quae out gives Vee $0 the frat tem in the shove expansion cancels withthe lat tems in HV; the second term cancels vith the fast teem i HY, lenving P1115. umber the springs clockwise fom the top ofthe pictte. Thea the four frees on ech spring are B= Mlo- VFF GP), Fr = Mlo- Vom aPoP), Fy = Mle VF ETT. FL = My Vera FP) a ‘The dretions are mack harder workout, bt fo sual = andy we can assume that Fi = hlle- VAT, y= Wlo- Vb=aF Fa), Fos Klo- VFI, Fe = kh ~ Vlora rah We [Bebe fevers five, Shes ny ul hee) i pein 2m Ae = F00,0)+ Sheba en ee a es Te We [omtrs frets +9) ht PM (9) fbg 240/861, Rerin a ko 01 VOT VASAT = amin stan, TE wv anda et M be tho a of the man a m be the mas Of the boy, Let sy be the ig ote a sd tm be i rg span tn Lande} (oat iet= 3 (mut) wd Mow + 109/97 = Amd, Cmbine he wo epetios ad sale 1 1A ‘ ok = £m s0nn) whe = How +10m/s}% 0 a+ om/y +(LOm/y fae ce canbe aed a quadratic and vy = (1.1/5) (1.4 m/s). Now we oe the very frst equation to Sind the speed ofthe boy, ped = 1 (ma), aah t= je Bw = 138 PUL-18 (a) The work done by gravity on the projectile asi is rased up to 140 m le W —moy = ~(0.550kg)(981 m/s#)(140 m) = ~7354. Then the kinetic nergy the highest point i 1550] ~ 7554 = 7954. Since the projectile must be moving horizontally atthe highest post, the ocisotal veloty i = 27055) /(0550Ig) = 888m/6, () The magnitude ofthe velocity at launch is v = yFISGODOSSOG] = 75.m/s. ‘Then y= YAtoLm/s} = (S88 = 82.40/s (6) The kinetic enegy a that point i (0.580%) (65.01/)? + (83.8m/s)| = 19603, Since it hs extra kinetic energy, it must be below the launch point, and gravity has done 410 J af work on That means itis y = (4103)/(080kg)(9 81 m/s)| = 76.0m below the launch pint. PLLA9 (a) K = Jrnv® = $1838 <10"g)(80% 104m 9)? K =90%10" meatons. () The diameter will be YSDERTR = 45 km 8.77105. In tems of TNT, PLL-20_ (0) Wg = (0.209 eg) 0 81 m/s4)(~0.118m) = 03061. (0) W, = ~{(asaN/m(~0.118m)! = 1.753. (c) The kinetic energy jut before hitting the block would be 1.753 0.043 = 1.45. The speed isthe v= Y2{1453) (02601) = 332m) (a) Doubling the speed quadruples the initial kinetic energy to 5.78.. The cuspression will then be given by -6760-=—}os2n/my -atig\asin/ey, with aton 9 = 02050 (6) We can save this with a tik of integration, w [re Lomeiaemmes [a = mae [vette fat at, = mate Basically, we changed the vatisble of integration from = tot, and then used the fact the the acel- ‘exation was const soy = vg + at. The abject seated a fest 30 toe = Oy and Weare given i the problem that vy = a. Combing, PLL-22 (0) a= (30.0 r¥/s)2n sad/rev)/(92.0s) = ~7.66 rad? (©) The total rotational inertia of the system sbout the ais of rotation is gm 1 = (6404g)(1.20c9)/12 + 2(1.06)(1.20m/2)* ‘The torque ia then r= (19g m?)(7.66 rad?) = 1L.7N-m. (e) K = (058g?) 25 rad)? = 459% 1087. (@) = yt = (99.0 ret/s/2)82.08) = 624 ev. (6) Only the losin ite energy is independeat of the behavior ofthe fictional trae 11-23 The whee turn vith angular speed w= vr, where ris the radu ofthe wheel and v the speed of the ear. The total rotational kinetic energy i the fout wheel is then [nan ‘The transational kinetic energy is Ky = $(J040kg)e, a0 the faction ofthe total whichis due to ‘the rotation ofthe welt Kenai = (1 Stghe us apg = 00218 0 2198. PLL-24 (a) Conservation of angular momentum: sy = (6.19 -m2/1.97 kg m2}(1.22 e/a) 380 v/s, (0) Ky ola? 2 P/T, 29 KKem 1p = (638g: m1. kgm We di the frst part of the solution in Bx, 1021. ‘Te initial kinetic energy is fagain, ‘sparing the she), 7 Kehna, since the second wheel was originally at rest. The inal Kinetic energy is Lag mae, Jeter, ‘bere in the last line we sulaituted from the results of Bx. 10:21 ‘Using the numbers from Ex. 1021, Kink (27g 0?) 1 atte mt) + ease) = 19.2% 11-26 See the solution to PI0-11, ee Hes atte scoring FI pa Then 1 (la ~ mo)? Temi Finally, ak = = _LImRst + moka + rw? = Ta mf Im (Ra tof “TP Teme 11-27 Sve the solution to P10-12, (Ke Blok co k=} oraiaisem?) 006 na = 9753 () Ke = § ((61.24g)(0.470%n)) (9.12 rad/s)? do while pulling themselves closer togetbes. MJ. The energy comes fom the work they P1I-28 K = jot = okp? = LB-B. Then +A8)- (6+ 46), = P+ m8 +009), t AK = 35 (61-a8 + (401) (30008)(65.05) = 1.95«10°¥-s and = (25001) 0 /e) = 750510%eg (a) If the tras is backward (pushing rocet forward), AK we HTS IOP (0.951008) + (1.951088)? ssexi00N so1si0s (0) tte tr ova, = 008g f(A, N-9) + (L964N 9) axe = HED 0% /. 95.1092) + LOIN aay ory "(2500 (6) Ik the thrust is sideways the first term vanishes, #195 109N-9)? = ‘22500 kg) = 16110 Mi ‘her's noting ote bere! Start withthe work-eneray theorem Lage? — Span W = KK. = Jt Int, 1a (ot =n = pra, 1 = premiers), wher inthe lt lne we ator the ference of two square. Contiming, 1 W = Flom —ma)(or+n), i = 7Anor+e), ut Ap = J the imple, Tha ih hs probe. ‘minimum power is then a roany [i . [TETBRRTAT apes pA (E25 g/m) }r (4m)? ~ 249% 108W. PULAL (0 eats oison we¢ = myn. (0) KS hr? pam AK _Vm—1im+M) a Km ee PUL32 Inelastle colision, 20 w= CSBAROD IE) + 4OR DEOMI 59 (Cig) + (402) ‘The os in Kinetic enrey ig an CaBtOIDaR/ , eomMIaze/A* _ Sgt AsAbNGAIMF ‘This change is bacanse of work dove on the sping, o == VIBTHTON Ta = 0.245 m PUSS Boo = Bat B.0— Bias 0 Bue = [20kg)(5m/9) + (.0bg)(~10m/s) ~ (2.0%) -6.0m/ #120) (90m) + (8.08)(5.0m/s) ~ 2.0kg)(30m/)], = (12g m/s) + (15g -m/s}j we Then = (dm/l+ (60m/6.-Slce 7 (08 +o), the change in kinetic energy ax = (20400)? + (Sm/}* — (~10m/9)?— (5.01/91 = 1154, : PUL-34 For the observer on the train the acceleration ofthe patil isa the distance teavele is 1 Jat", so the work done as measured by the tain is We~ maz, = 40%. The Binal speed of the particle as measured by the ten ist = af, 90 the kinetic energy ae esured by the tai is Kos Jot = hot). The particle started from rst, s0 AK, = We For the obsener on the ground the acceleration of the pastcle is a the distance traveled is 4 = Jat! + ut,20 the work done as measured ty the ground ie Wy = mazy = Jat? + maut ‘Te ial speed ofthe particle as measured by Ue grovnd ie vy ~ at Yu 00 the Kinetic energy as measured by the ground is Kyo 3 ‘But the intial Kinetic energy as measured by the ground is frau, Wy = AK pa}, 2 Se rm? = Zaku)? Bate + mat + Sm PL85 (4) Ki= Jrivas? (©) Aer costo ty = rvs /my + 1m), 90 toe (sh) =p? (as) 2 (6) The fret lost wat Z a Tinting” i + ma (2) Note that vag = ‘The initial kite energy ofthe system 1 Kym fot + Simla ‘The final Kinetic energy is ero (they stick together), so the fraction lst is 1. The amount lst however, the sume: 'P11-36 Only consider the frst two clisons, the one between mand mand then the oe between and M, ‘Momentum canseration applied tothe Sst colsion means the speed of m! wil be between i = muo/(m+m') (completely inlastic)and V ~ 2rnty/(m +m’) (completly casi), Moment ‘conservation appli to the second collision mean the speed of wil be betwoen V = mv (+) and V = 2m’ /(e! + Af, The largest Kinetic energy for M will occur when i i moving the fasts. Bry any imma Pines Y= ahd * able FA ‘We want to maxinize V asa function of m’ so take the desvative: wv ae vam. moi =m’) (w+ Fm 18 BLZA (a) Intgrate vine [ote (0) W =U) —Ule+a), 20 com ( E122 Wd cco thon a(e+d)~24,s0 Wem (BBS) start with ba. 125. Ue) via) = - [Reda ee L (cose Finishing the itogrtion, Ue) +8 (eb U le) = Ulea) +35 (eee ewe choate 29 = 0 and U(z9)=O we wold be left with Ber", U0) =~ 5 BIDA AK =-AU s9 AK =mpay, The power output then = (555 00k) (78, 800m) ey (981:m/=?(96.8m) = 6.76108, EIR AU = AK, 90 ks? = Jrm?, Then (2.384g)(100%108/s) 7 aa? Tar = Liox10tN/a, Wow. E126 Uy + AU, = 0, since K = 0 when the man jumps and when the man stops. Then AU, = mghy = (220 1)(404 fe) = 5000 fb Avot Ba 1218, Kitt = KAU, Live? = wt +m Jno? tape = Bettman, Latsan = Hor +00) heeoen = Jor, Rearangig = VI = VORP) 4 E128 (a) K = do! = {(240 eg) 150m/s)? = 270x104. () Assuming thatthe ground is zero, U = may ~ (240 k)( 081 m/)(125:m) (©) KpaKitU ence Uy =D, Then (270x107) + 90.109) te EOI assy, (Only (a) and (b) depend on the mass 94105. E129 (a) Sine Ay =0, then AU =0 and AK’ (0) AUC Ko= Ra +Uq~Uo, oF Consequently, at B, Tee a yrmc? = Frag? + mgh mg, Katt Vor Ivo? = b+ gh mato Vite ah. E12-10 From the slope of the graph, k= (04N)/(0.04m) = 10N/m sufapcaysae tc ee ee (0.0880m)? — 001 = 271 m/s ‘ane (9) Th ett i ba Ffe=maln= (75h «AN ©) hei may et ng ne = Set = Hien +0300 (9 Gomi Kesty = Kisu, Lig? Lae, Jo? + mat bese, 0? mat) Ht. Law? Leet pre? + may phe 1 Leap lO? + mgh + 30) esrranging, hw phn? = UTOAN 9 555m)? = 0.798 img’ 2(7-94keg)(0.81 m/s?) > a 12-12 ‘The annual mass of water ls m= (100Dkg/m9)(8x10"%n2)(0.75m). The change in Potential energy each year is then AU = —mgy, where y = ~500m, The power avilable then (075m) "eee 00m) = 821070, = Socom yani0°a? 12-18. (a) From kinematics,» =~, so K = JmgHt? and U = Uy — (0) U = may 0 K=Uo~U = mah =). igh ~ fra? 'B12-14 The potential energy isthe sme in both eases. Consequetly, mgeAys = moudys, and then at6n-Li0al0s1m)Ltmjd)+1.0m~A0he (HE) Twig ene Be 121, ae Sra? tame Hie? = bm aman See? Je? +maws ee = tn? man +L, ornate iio? = Ho?+mgr+ ter, bp pmanpsy Bng™ ~ Fag) (98 my ‘The stance up the ncn is given by a trig relation, (0.187)? = 192m, / sind = (1.92m)/sin(27*) = 423m. E1216 The vertical postion of the pendulum is y = —leaed, where @ ls measured from the lowaward vertical and is the length of the steing. The total mechaical energy ofthe pendulni= if we set U = 0 a the bottom of the path and i the spond at the bottom. ta ths ese OTR EE 0 tn mata), Tee VETER HORT a TPCT ST) = 854m ~ K, bt agp K = 0, Then ‘ore/or 0) +a (0) B= 4(138g)(6.12m/ E1217 The equllium postion is when F = hy = mp. Then AU, Woady = jay. 80 2007, = AU, may aad AU, = a {BI2A18 Let the ring get compressed distance. Ifthe objet fl fom a bight then conservation of energy gives jer? = ma(z-+). Solving for 2, 436.m, only the postive anwer Is of interest, 80 s ase: meI(621 aaa ~ 9 or 479 ms. () The average speed down the slope is 13:3:/s/2 = 6.5m. The time to get othe bottom ist (1500en)/(6.65cn/s) = 2268, The anglas acceleration of the disk Taw, s0 288g 1)(3.65 rao) (13.3 /0)62.1 rd/n) = 8680W. 12.25 (a) For the sl ste = fs? rts witout ping w= vr cession oy eae = Then 12g (Byes) (297 ger) () pre} (s18m/sF*_, (6.18m/)* = 20 stmjs%) * 5(onm =F ‘The distance up the incline is (1.91 m)/sin(94.0") = 3.42, “) The sphere wil travel a datanoe of 2.42 m with an average speed of S.16m/2, 50 t = (042rm)/(2s0ua/s) = 132s, Bat wit, goes up then comes back down, 9 double hs tme to et 264s (e) The total distance is 684m, 20 the muuber of rutatins is (684m)/(0.0472m /(2r) = 28.1. gh 1812-26 Conservation of energy semis Jrme! + QI = mgh, But d= 5e2/ag, 00 of and we are told which coud bea wold disk or elinder ([E13-27] We assume te cannonball is oid othe rotational inerta willbe = 2/5)M RE “Fhe normal force onthe cannonball will be N'= Ag, whore M i the mass of the bowing bal ‘The kinetic fiction onthe eannon bal is Fy = uN = tM. The magnitude ofthe nt toraue om ‘the bowling bell while skidding is then += welQR, Oninaly the angular momentum ofthe cannon ball zero; te nal enguler momentum will have magntide |= [= [v/R. where vi the ual translational spoed ofthe ball "The tie requlesfor the cenaon ball to stop siding i the time required to change the angular momentum tol, 0 = ALL Q/S)MRE/R 20 oe MOR” Bing at 9 Slnce we don't know (¢, we can't solve this for v. But the same time through which the angular ‘momentum of tho alls nsnasing te near momentum ofthe bali deseesng oe oe fae Combining, 2 wee Sug ~ “ang ® = sm—2), = Sey? E228 12.20 (0) F = ~av/Az = ~[(-173) - (-33)/[44m) ~(1m)] = LPN, (he total every fs 4(20%(-2.0m/0)" + (=73), ot ~34. ‘The patil is constrained to move between 2 144. The spond is v= VATCIOT) = 3.7m. 1B12-30 Eneegy is conserved, 29 Tecate rnd = me? + may, vm damn, [BREST] (0) We can find F, and F, fm the sppropeiate derivatives vf se potential, ‘hich depends only ony. ‘The force a point (zy) i then Perit nj (0) Since the force vesior points dietly toward the origin there is no angulas component, and Fa=0, Then F, = by where ri the distance from the ola (©) A spring which is atached teu pists the spring ise to rotate, perhaps? 150 E1232 (9 By omy weenpe Fy Fy and Fw al bv te se as wh sirens Fy a F Then Barat (0) a phe pot corntn #2498 +22. Then U = bf and wk Feng aa 5 12-88 Well jut do the pats showing only non-r ers. Path 1 W = filha) = bab Path 2: W = [E(-i8) 4) = heh Path 3: W = (on 6 ind) ff(-By~ hr de = ~(h + bab. “These three ae only eal y= hy. (0) We na tote an expen ike k yk - Late ‘os mond als el with ns ilar mange, ielag ek v= 5-8 (8) een can expand the donates, then P122_The bal jst reaches the tp, so Ka = 0. Then Ky = Us=U) = mab, s0 4 = egy = IGE. P23 Measure distances along the incline by z, where 2 = 0 is meawured from the maximally ‘ompresed spring. The vertical pasion of the macs ls given by zind. For the spring (2088)/(0.00831m) = 1.15310*N/m. The total energy ofthe system is assci!n/ny 008m) 7a3, (a) The block needs to have moved a vertical distance zsin(92.0°), where 128 = (8.18g)(981 m/s4)2sin(92.0"), 05m. 'b) When the bloc hits the top ofthe spring the gravitational potential energy has changed by AU = ~(8.18g)(981:0/4(1.05m ~ 0.0548) sn(320") = 165, uns the speed isu = V2T65I)/ES TSR] = 8.22 m/s, 1st P24 The potential energy asosated with the hanging past is 0 the work required is W = Mgl/32 (Com pits? and @ we ive Ken = Koa rma = Prt may, snot = J, VR = v. “Tate ro ton heck normal oe om he ek, me? _ miSoR) RR and the force of gravity W = mg. They are orthogonal so VRE CHF = VE mg amg, Fea and the angle from the horizmal by or 6 =7.18" below the hotiaonta (b) Ifthe Block barely makes it over the top of the track then the speed st the top of the loop (point 5, perhaps?) is just fas: enough so that the centripetal force is equal in magaitude to the weight, am ok ton pt, Te em ten en KrtUr = Ke40, +m = md +mavs, we = fas mcem, Sra P126 The wedge slides to the le, the block tothe right. Conseration of momentum requires ‘Mog + mn = 0. The block is constrained to move on the surface of the wedge, tana = 2, My = Ooatana( + m/M), 152 Conservation of energy requires Ira! + Late = mg Combining. Bronte) + Bae (B (1st may 4142) at (Gin? a( AM + my? + Micos? a+ mM cos! a) <2 (2 mM + misao + main?) vy? = mah, = 2h, = 20 gheosta, 2M? gheosa, ((M +m) +msia*a)) va? = 2M ghoow? a, ae te= Mewsay Dasa mara Then a 26h oo a oy FnyM + mainFa Pint U(e) =~ [Fede =—Asta—asi/a, (0) U = =(-800N/m)(2.26m)8/3— (-5.00./a?)(2.26 mp /8 = 269. (8) There are two pola to conser 8008/4912 — (800/401) r, Me) _ feo" here M ls the total mass. ‘The force of gravity onthe objet of mass m i then 29 the reall aceeration ofthe objoct, nd the gravitational fore divided by the mas, so @Mr GM r_GM R-D BR BR ‘Since isthe distance fom the center tothe surface, and D is the distance of the object beneath the surface, then r = R—D is the distance from the center tothe object. The fst feaction the ‘Heel occeleatn the race, 20 ou 2 E1412 The work required to move the object is GMgm/r, where r isthe gravitational radius, But if this equals mc? we ean write me = GMsmjr, = GMs/e. or the gun, r= (667% 10-MN mi /hg?)(1.90 10g) / (8.00% 10% /s)? = LAT OP. That 2x10, L418 The distance fom the centr is (8000) 2.00% 10P/s)(8.16.10%s) = 7.6%10%m, “he mas of the galaxy is M = (44x104(1,90510% 4g) = 28.108, ‘The escape vest i v= VRGIMTr = YX6.6110-FN eg (2A /(TOXIP a) = 22x10) 14-14. Staying in cteular orbit requites the centripetal force be equal tothe gravitational fre, mtg? /t = GMm/s2, cf muon? = GMm/r. But ~Ghim/r isthe gravitational potenti energy; to eacape one requires & inti eneray ee? /2 hich has slution Ye = VB iMm[e = ma, 108 (o) Near the surface ofthe arth the total ener is K+ = 4m (evame) ~ Se" Te tat es ae othe toa ene B= ayn, - SMe an (OH = an( Fx) Re ; cuem Re ‘This is a postie number, so the rocket wil escape. (b) Fae fom eat there to gravitational potential energy, s0 12 OMe _ OMe, } et = Meme = one, with soltion o= VISE E1416 ‘The tational wceleration ofthe wun seated tothe galacte aceleration of freefall by atine/T* = GNM} where is the number of “sn” sized sary of as ne sa ofthe gay i period of ‘evoition of th mt. Then ite (22.10%)? = snci0 © Goad ~ (6H IO-TN we he VOR WRG)TOXIOMP [BEEIT] Bcey conservation is Ki +U;= Ky + Up, but et Ue highest point Ky = 0, 50 ‘The distance above the Barth's surface is 2.19310" m6 10m = 1.89% 10° m, 17 L418 (2) Freofallaceleation is 9 = GM/r2. Baape sped sy = /7GMTF. Then v= Vir = /-s¥V.569% in) = 2.02% 10m. (0) Up Ki 40). But Uf = geri 50 1 (Lonesome 1 Fe 7 (OH IOMa) ~ ALB m/s) OMAP ~ FOOx ‘Thats 528 km abow the surface, (6) Ky =U, ~Up. But fm = — 9/1, 90 v= VHC RPTL HOH TP TT SOK) 1ST = 1260s (@) M=o/G, 0 2M = (1.3)m/$(1.969210%m) (6.67% 10-4 N mfg) = 48 10%. L419 (a) Apply A “AU. Then mv® = Gil(I/ra~ fra), 0 ; ri 7 = af t6.67%10-11N mt eg?)(1.5620%Rg) — a) (©) Apply AK = ~OU. Then mo? = Gm2(1/na~ 1/ri) 20 =394%10'm/s on yfoersieonne ri 56010% (aay ~ SRT, ) = 40x. 114-20 Call the particles 1 and 2. Then conseration of momentum requires the pasticle to ave ‘the same momentum ofthe same magutide, p= me — Mey. ‘The momentum ofthe parties save by Ly, ty . oem, aera = Se BaMy = aoMm/d, p= mMyIGTRHT “The a= + fl oma 10 wa = mM AGTH (2+ 3), ma GTR (SM) = VICE TTA E1421 The maximum speed is mo? = Gm?/d, or v = Gri Biea2 TY) = TH/, T= Train)" (1.00 y)(1.52)9 =1.87 y. 168 ‘We can se Ea. 1423 to find the mass of Mar; all we need to dois rearrange to solve i 440.4108)? GT > CRON eg ATERIGE BL424 Use GM/r? = dno /, oo M = 422/72, and 412(9.82510'm)? CoAT eNOS x BITTE 5.93%10eg, E1425 13/1} = 79/13, 00 Ta =Ti(rs/r)* = (.00 month)(1/2)°? = 0354 month 21426, Geasynchronous orbit was found in Sample Problem 14+ tobe 4.22x10%m. The Iatitode is given by 8 = acone(6.37 108/422 10") (b) Make the assumption that the alstude of the stellt is 0 low that the rads of ls effectively the rads of the moon, Then = (ya, at Ca cana sor nssxi0% (Te ped fhe ie th cuneate po Be PT ha E1428 Te tal ea ib -Glm/2, Then ge 2 in we. v-ou(2-3) E1420 1. $0) a 1428 wou) v= om (aya) Dividing oue expression by the other, ayamaaa_ joi Yar ey—a = O72 km) array — 7 = 583 ke 169 Fy = 01 ~ 0) 50 from Bx. 16-28, B14-90 (a) Convert (corr sn) (ars) (2 (Gat) hich s C= 39.49 AU2/1g2 32 (b) Here ise hit: 4x? = 96:48. Kepler's lw then look ike (“5) 2 Sn) Ht sth law sats Toc, where ris the mean distance from the Sun and T bs [Newton was in a postion to find the acceleration of the Moon tomeed the EE sarang the Moon mored ina ctcular orbit, since ac = wife = tatn/* Ber tae eases ha, bosauke of Kepler's lw, ac 1/7? ofr L432 (a) The force of attraction betmeen the two bodies is GMm wae ‘The cntrpetal acceleration forte boy of mass mis ow. we cM “= sar 42 : T= SEs Rin (0) Note tat = Md/(m-+M) and R-= main -+M). Then R/r = m/M, so the coreetion ie G.591>10%7/1.9010%)" = 1600008 forthe Earth/Sun system aad 1106 fo the Berne system, E1489 (0) Use the results of Exercise 14-32. The center of mast is located « distance p = nam 4 2m) = 2/8 from the star of mass m anda distance R= df) oes the seas tesa ‘The period of revolution ie then gen by, Paes (3) (148) = See () Use Lg = ara, then Ln met (nays)? 1g > MRE (amyayaye ~ (0) Use = 1a2 = mea2/2 Tn Ka me? (aaa Kir * MR ~ Ginga 170 [E1434 Slane we dou't know which dzection the orbit wil be, we wil assume thatthe satelite tn the surface ofthe Barth starts with zero kinetic energy. Then Fi = Ui eee U, to gt the etelite up ta the speed altitude. AK =U e/2. We want to snow i AUT ARs priv (nave energy #0 Bet itp) oF negative (more energy fo pu in ‘rbt). ‘The ve ae interested in au -ax=wy2-v=oun (2-2) “The “beakeven pont whan r= 8/2 = 9(6400 km) Earth a) Move meray to pus it in orbit, {b) Same energy for Both [e) Moe enecey to et w, 9000 km, whieh is 3200 km above the (0) The approximate fore of gravity on a 2000 pickup tuck on Eros wil be | Gd _ (667% 10-N t/a )(5.0% 10 eg) 2008) _ 15g, ze OR F nes au = emirate onmereabniee (rao = srs ana 8 =0, s0|AK|= 1.78103 er, 0-8) = (- ftom) utp ~ te = 2.5 0") /(818%10"s) = 2.98% 10%m/s, Then Av = $81 m/s am 20x10", E1437 Drow a telange. The angle made by Chicago, Bath center, stellt is 47.5". The distance Fe cthcantar So snteite 4 2010". The distance om Earth center to Chicago is 6.370% Roping te tsiue lon we bad the datance from Chicegs tothe aelite is EIT FEHR — HATA wa ETA) oO TT) = 8.8210" Applying the sue law we Bid the angle made by Earth center, Chicago, satelite to be cin Se (eta) an) = “That's 96° above the horizontal m [B14-38 (8) The new orbit ian elipse with eccentricity given by r= a/(L +e). Then = ral ~1 = (664x10%m)/(6.52%10%m) ~1 ~ 00184 ‘The distance at Pi given by rpr =a'(1 ~e). The potential nergy ab Pi 100186 2(-9.70x1098)) 000 2x0 (9.9410!) ~ (~2.03%10") « L04x104, That would mean v = yALOAXTOTIY TSO} = 8000 m/s. () The average speed is 21852310) (6205) = Ds (BrES5) (0) The Starshine saelive was approximately 275 kan above the surface ofthe Barth on TT amuary 2000. Wo ean find the orbital period fom Eq, 14-25, mee CmoaImae) (6.65x10"m)* = 2911078", S07 =5.59%10%s () Equation 14-25 gives the total enorgy ofthe system of satelite of mas mn a ciculr orbit ‘of rad around satlonary body of as Mf Som, Wo want the rte fae hs with pet to tne, 0 4 _GMmér a at eco inate se wo drat om the dingram, Tl cone Februny 1 and Deeb 1 my te lee pis & aroun) —(wo km) tty Bt (62 days) ee “The rate ery len 2B (668120° Nig 981091) —1000m @ Exo Saxo ~201/6. ‘he oct om the top experince down fom gray Waa fe down om {efron inthe rope T. Theo o the bottom enero fats dows spay Wis ed ‘foc op rom the onion nh ope Teller cathe agit fs Gum 0 oem m where rs the distance ofthe sth objet ftom the center of the Earth. While the abject fal they have the sme acceleration, ed since they have the same mass ve ean quickly write [Now r) 12 © R inthe denominator, but r» =r, +1, 90 rf ~1f 2RD inthe mumeretor. Then 14-2 Fora planet of uniform density, 9 ~ GMjr? = Gltspr3/3)/r2 = ésGor/3. Then if pis ‘ube while rs halved we find that g willbe unchanged PLAS. (s) P= GMm/r?, a= F/m= GM. (©) The acceleration of the Earth toward the center of mass i ag = F/M = Gmfr®. The relative ecalration i then GM/r-+ Gmn/r= Gl + M/s. Only fMf"> m can we seme tt 1S independent of m relative to the Barth PLLA (6) 9=GM/r?, dp = ~(2GM/r?)ér. In this case Sr =h and M = dnpr3/3. Then 88 = mig» SxGpmh/s, (0) AW/W = g/g = 2h/r. Then an ear of one pact ina milion wll occur when A i one art in two milion ofr or 3:2 metre (0) The mage ofthe eraitainnl force rom th Moot ona patil at Ais = oem ihre the denominator ite distance fm the center of the meon to pit oy At th car othe Eat the gravitational oc oft oon on apart of mass m i Row chris {@ Now we was o kro the difeence betwen thre to xroions: Giim _GMm or cum oa: an) eR 3 "To simplify aanume 1H) = OBO 149. (a) One cu find 59 by protending the Exeth i not tere, but the material in the le Concentrate on the varicel component ofthe rexsting fore of attaction. Then ‘sere isthe straight ine distance fom the prospector to the enter ofthe Bole ak Yb the mass of material that wonld fl the hole. A few subetitions Inter, axG oR See () Dizetly shove the hole = 0, soto ofthe two readings gives (100 eiigats ay" soem) ~ (a taaF) fy (0800) +225%10%m!) = 42 ‘whic his solution d = 200%. Then 8(240310-8/2)(300)? GIB THON? fag")2800 47) $0 R= 250m. The top ofthe cave ie then 300m ~ 2501 ~ 0 tn benath the susfoce. () Allo the frmine say the same exept replace p withthe difeence between rock and wate. doesn't change, but will awe be given by p= 81140110“ /? 00)? THOT 1O-HN a ADO TD) tm, and thet the cave i cated 200m ~ 202m = 7m beneath the sua. 15 PLGAO 9 = Cii/r!, where M is the mass encloved in within the sphere of rads r. Them do = (G/r?)4M — GM)? )dr, so that is loeallyconstactIfdM/dr = 2M. Expanding, ben a Brr/3, 29/8 ‘The fore of gravity onthe small sphere of mass m is equl to the force of gravity tom oid lead sphere minus the force which would have been consibuted by the salle lead spree hich would hav ied the hole So we need to now about the slze aad mas of the lead eich nes ‘The density of 3 lead is given by - on tee ‘The ole as a radias of R/2, sof the density i conetant the mass of the hoe wil be sow (ie) HO) “# ‘The “ole” is closer to the small sphere; the contr of the hoe is d— R/2 aye The force ofthe hole lead sphere mins the foro of the *hle” lead sphere GMm _ G(M/8)m fap PLL12 (0) Use v=aVRT=H, whee w= VOWGTIB. Thea ne [a- [shan [% Knowing that 2410s, = [TAO a (EHO) ey earm we can find T= 12608 = 21min {®) Same time, 21 minutes. To do a complete Journey would require fur times this, or 2x, ‘Thats 8 minutes! (©) The answers we the same, PLEAS (0) 9=GM/r? and M = 1.99x10ig + 401 10g + 294 10%g = 58x © 9 = (807 10- Nm hg)(6.98 104g) (6.37108)? = 9.892 (0) Now M = 1.953 10%ig + 4.01% 10%kg = 5.94% 10g 99 9 (66710-N ma /hg)(5.945 104g) (6.245 108m)? = 0.84? (6) Fora uniform body, 9 = drGpr/$ = GMr/R®, 50 9 (65710-69810) 6.345 10m) (6.37 108m) = 0.79 m0 PLA14 (a) Uso 9=GM/r?, then (6.67210-4N rhe? )(1.98> 104g) /(8.400310m)* = 108 /?. ‘Tho variation with dept i linear if coves uniform density. (6) In the mantle we ave 9 = G(Me-+M)/r4, where I isthe amoust ofthe sass of the mantle ‘which is enclosed inthe sphere of redius The density ofthe coe is 3(0,99%10%%g) read my = 10st 104% ‘The density ofthe mans ls harder to find, (401% 10%) ‘BCRP — aw s ~ MOET We can pretnd thatthe core is made up ofm point mas at the center andthe rest has density ‘equal to that ofthe marie. That pont mass would be = $2(8.490« 1090034104? — 4496 «10a 7 Mp 130310, ‘Thea 9 = OM p/P? + 4xGnr/ Find do/de, and set eq to vero. This happens whe, 2M? = depn/9, 9.20m/e, Since this else than the value atthe endpoints it must orr= 400%10%m, Then ea misimam, (a) We wil we part of the bis, but we wil integrate instead of suming the bie about ‘ing I his way wil become importaat for lator chapters. Consider small rious lie ‘the column of thickness "Tho weight of the material above the slice exerts a force P(r) onthe top ofthe slice; there is «farce af gravity on the sce given by eae) am eu.en a ‘where A(r) isthe mass contained inthe sphere of adr, tos fe Lasty the mas ofthe slce dm is related to the tickneas and cross sectional asta by dm = pA dr ‘Then er BE ‘nega uth ct xenon, On eh i 0 Fant et he ea ese, vol wo tov nan ee pe his Eee eb dean Ba Mr) Fa 2caghe Divide both sides hy A to ge the compreie ss. ” (8) Put inthe number! 5 = $r(007% 10°" hg) 400 kg/m} (3.0%10)? = 20% UN a? (6) Rearing, and thea pt in mune ERESCLCU) ‘BeGOTAIO- ON a ig (EE P1410 The two mass increment cach exert vertical anda horzotal force on the partie, but the horizontal components will cancel. The vertical component is proportional to the sine of the ‘angle, 50 that sien, PUGIT, For any arbitrary point P the eros sectlonal area which is perpendicular to the axis 44’ = +240 isnot equal tothe projection 4 onto the surface ofthe sphere. It depends on te angle ‘he axis ales with tho normal, seconding to da’ = cos6dA. Fortunately, the angle made at Point Tf idertel tothe gle made at pot 2, s0 we can waite ay = a, Alt = dAafrd ‘But the mas ofthe sell cootaned in dA is proportional to dA, 0 Flam = rds, Gmamjr = Gmima/h (Consequently, the force on an objet at pont Pie balanced by both cones. (b) Evalue fa forthe top and bottom halves of the sphere. Since every dt on the tp is balanced by one on the baton, the net force eae. Peas P1419 Assume thatthe small sphere is always between the two spheres, Then w avs + aU, 1 = Gora N mpi 02a 8k - 28910 as = 8531075, 17 P1420 Note that fin! = Uo, where Up & the potential energy at the burmont height nergy conservation sive K = Kotte, 1 att Jot = fd () The force of one star the other given by F = Gint/d where dis the distance Fetwemn the stars, ‘The stars tevove around the canter of mass, which halfway between he tars weed! tho waive ofthe ob f the ston few the onripetal nenlraion of the as the eto of eveltion i een Fiete fe fT PV FV Gn aay ‘No fg? (20% 10) ‘The nnmtrieal vale 32x10" = 1029, Ware () The gravitational potoutal enezgy pe Mlogram midway between the sats Grn __{687210-#N t/a?) (8.221070) 7 (rnin) 3.84101 ‘An obj of nos AP atthe crater Between the stars would ned (8.84% 104/g) kinese eens ‘escape, this corresponds 0 e speed of o= IRIN = (TSHR P1422 (a) Each difeentin! mas sepment the lay contibutes the sme amout tt force ou the patie, 7610'm/s Gndms ap = Se wcer2 = 1 + RE, Since the difeential mines sepments are all equal distance, the integration is trial ad the met frees Gime weep (0) The potential energy exn be found by integrating with respect to 2, “Thea the particle of mass m will pas suugh the center ofthe ring with x poe v= V2RU7hm JGR. wn (0) Consider the following diagram, | | ‘The distance ris given by the cosine law to be P= B+ HDR cond = 2220 —cos0) ‘The fore between two particles ls then F = Grn?/r?, ach pasticle has a symmetric partner, so ‘only the free component directed toward the center cootibutes If we call tis the R composes hive exs(90 ~ 0/2) = Pein /2, ‘Combining, But each ofthe other particles contebutes tothe frce, 0 Gn sil) Foe = ape Teeth ‘When there are only 9 partis the angles ae in stops of 40°; the @ are then 40, 80, 120%, 160°, 200", 240°, 280", and 320°. With litle patience you wil fd sing these angles. Then Fh = 3:39Gi2/72 (b) The rotational period ofthe ring would ased to be P1424 The potetial enegy of the system is U = ~Gm?/r. The kinetic energy is m2, The total ‘eneray Is B= Gini /a Then r. = avon, 180 0 the tme vo come togeth: Lami View L425. (0) E = U/2 for ech satelite, so the total mechanical energy is ~GMon/+ (©) Now there sno A, the total rechanicl energy is amply U= ~20Mm)r. The factor of 2 ls becaune there are two stelites, (c) The wreckage fas vesically onto the Earth, PL426 Let ry = alt +0) snd rp —a(1 —e). Then ratre = 2a a ry 2(0.0167)(1.50%10"'m) = 5.01%30%m, 0° 7.20 solar adi, Piear L428 The net foroe on an obiing star is Peon (S+m) ‘ihe tpt aout nr. Coin. wo Fe Zamem, oP ate SCENE a PLe29 (a) v= VON (6.67% 10-8 lg? )(6.88 101g) (7.01 10m) = 7.54% 10s, (0) = 2e(7.01x10%m)/(1.54410%m/s) = 5.8410" (6) Oxginlly 8) = U/2, so {807 10-1? ag?) (6. 48310200) i: in ‘ArOL xP) 85x05 ‘After 1900 orbits the energy is now 6.25 x 1083 ~ (1500)(1.40%108S) = =6.463108). ‘The new distance rom the Eat en {0870-88 hg), 96 110g 20) 3646610) ‘The altitude is now 6790 ~ 6270 = 420 km. (@) F= (140x108) (227.0110) = 3.2% 10-2N. (Ne 70x10, al P1430 Let the satelite $ be dsectly vehend st some time. The magnitude ofthe speed is ‘equal to that of geosynchronous state T whowe orbit isnot inclined, but since there ste bet, arallel and perpendicular components tothe motion of St will appear to move north whe “losing ‘gound" compared to T. Eventually, though, it must pas overhead again in 12 hours, When SIs ar north asi will go (6 hours) it has a velocity whichis paalel to, but iis ocatad lu rotoe ‘whore the required speed to appear fixed i slower. Hence, it will appent to be “gnining roe ‘gaint the background ters. Consequently, the motion agsnst the background sare apes to be cure § PLASL The net fore of gravity on one star because of the other two it ‘The stars orbit about a point r ece= VOMTE. 14-32 | parabolic path will eventually escape; this means thatthe speed of the comet at ny distance isthe exape ood for that distance, or J. The angular momentum i constant, nd i eal to warn = mI. 2ra/(1+ cos8). Combining with Bq. 14-21 and the equation before that ET ano? For a parole pth, cone we get ‘The time rguied isthe integral Note that /7A57GH is equal to 1/2n years. Then the time for the comet to move is 1g T= 2 vez y = 0.500. ‘There are three forces on loose marter (of mass) siting on the moon: the force of i toward the m000, Fra = Gros /a% the force of gravity tomard the plant, Py = Giri 19) and the norma fore ofthe moon pushing the lee matter sway fom the enter of te goa, ‘The nt force on this loose matters Fy +N ~ Fa, this values exactly equal tothe ceutsincal {once necessary to ep the lose matter moving in a sniform vtle. The period of eevoluton othe Toose matte: is idetical to that ofthe moon, T= 20VA7GM, but since the loose matter is actually revolving ata radial tance r~a the centripetal force is se?molr—a) _ OMmale~ a) Fee SO = ae 12 Only i the orm force is zero ean the Jose matter can lit of, and this will happen when Fy = Fur~ Foy 8 2) Matra)? 850 4 Seat at = Let r = ax then x is dimensionles; et 0 = m/M, then fs dimensionless. ‘The expresion then simplifies to nto 4 2-1 = (a8 +2642) {Wwe gue‘ +s very large (r > a) then oly the largest term on enh side survives. Tis means Set = Ba, ox = (9/8), In that case, = e(3M/m)"9. Bor the Bath's moon rez LL xIOhan “whieh i only 400 ki away for the surface of the Earth. Its somewhat intceting to note tt ‘ho radius rw netully independent ofboth a and m ifthe toon hes a uaform denaiy? ‘The prenure nthe ings wan) Firat ayap AIP » B1S-2 The total mas ofl ls (0.5:a0-%m8}(2600h/)+-(0.25:10°%m?}(1000 8) (0610-9) (800 bn?) ‘Tho weight is (18.72g)(0.8/¢?) = 18N. Biss F 149,50 = (843m)(2081)(1.00 atm — 0962 etmn)(1.0110°Pf atm) = 2.74c10'N, EIG4 BAV/V =—Ap, V= 1%; AV = LAML/2. Then (610-2) ‘(085) Ap = (140% 10°Pa) OO) a acto Pa, “There is an inardfrce F; pushing thee coed om the presto he a outside he br ther an outward fore 7 psig the open fom the premue of thew ise the box. ‘Toit the fid we aed ta exer ah adioal outward fore Fy to get ene foe ato “The magnitude ofthe toward oc b F, = Pow, where Ais the are of th bd aad Py St te pears outside the bom The tnagatie ofthe cutward free Fy Fs = Pet We ae tld Boosh Conse, R-AK Pad = PawA~ Fs, Pa = Pon F/A, © Pig = (15 lbfin? ~ (108 1)/(12 in) = 6.0 yf? E166 ps, © (005 a:m)(1.01 «10°F wim) oWDFa(e.5m/7) 52 E157 Ap = (060ka/m(9.81 m/7)(1.8m) = 1.90% 10"P BIS-8 Ap = (1024 kg/m")(.81-m/s")(118m) = 1.19% 105Pa, Add tls co ps he total preset ‘then 1.29% 10a, ([ET5-9) The pressure dieeatial assuming we don't have sewage puro: (v2 ~ n) = (926/m?)(9.81 m/?}(8.16m ~ 208m) = 8.52% 10°Pa, ‘We nee to overcome this pressure deren with the pump. mom ELS-10 (0) p= (1.00 atm)e~*°/8S% = 0.557 tm, (b) b= (885 am n.09/0.500) = 593 km. 14 BLG-11 The mercury wil rise a distance « on on side and fll a distance a onthe ote so that the difference in mercury height wil be 2a. Since the mazes ofthe “ences” metcury andthe wale vil be proportional, we have 2m =. (23121) 0000a/ 09) 95 19-Bp, 2600 fms) = 12x10 16-12. (a) The pressure (due tothe water lous) atthe hotton of the poo is P= (6245 lyf)(8.0 ) = 500 1h ‘The force on the bottom i F = (600 Ib/f)(80 8)(90 8) = 1.2.08 ‘The average pressure on the side i half the pressure onthe bottom, so F = (250 Ibft?(80 (8.0) = 1.610", ‘The average pressure on the en x bl the presute on the bottom. 0 = (250 Ih/e?)(90 (8.0 ) » 6.0.10 () No, since that additional presse acts on both ses, (x) Baton 15.8 canbe used to Bind the Reght ofthe atogpare he dest is “The pressure a the top ofthe atmosphere woul! be Ps =0, andthe height of he boc 1h wold era. Then y= (L01x0"Pa)/ (0.21 a/ (981m /2) = 5110, (b) We have to go back to Bq. 15:7 for atinspten which has a density whic vares catty with alitnde, Linear vrstion of density muss nom = [tn [most = mst = ~psa!2 In this case we have ax =2P1/(on), the answer is ice that in pat (), oF 17k. BUS-14 AP = (1000%g/m%)(08m/s4)(112m) = 1.1% 108Pa, The force required is shen F (1.1%10°Pa)(1.22m(0500) = 79310°N, 15-15. (a) Choose ony infinitesimally small pheeieal eplon where equal vous ofthe re in contact. The denser fui will have the lager mast. We can treat the gystom a being a phere ‘fin as wi & eephere of sdllonal mass being supenmpoeed Ia the ein of lhe Maem me Tat Then zi (120%) ~ [ORGAO — rT egy = A there were no water vepor pressure above the barometer then the height ofthe water ‘would be v= p/(og), where p= py isthe atmespheric pressure. If ther is water vapor where cher shoald bea vacuum, then pis the diference, and we would have yo = (pq Pu}/io), The relative zor i (m—m)/n = ballon) ~ (wo—Pe)/(o0)/ w/oa), elo = (3169Ps)/(L.0Lx10°Pa) = 3.14%, 16-32 p= (1.01% 10°Pa)/(981 m/s2)(14m) = 740 kg/m? BLB-88_h = (90)1.01>10°Ps)/(8.602m/52)(1.35%104eg/m*) = 78m, BIS84 AU = 2445%10~ i/myin(2.1% 10-2)? 5010-4 188 ‘The foe eouled est the surface tension tines the ecumfeence of he clr atch Then F 49x10 N, (0,/072/m)2x(0.121n) 16-90 AU = 2(25%10-7N/an)én(1.4410-%n)? = 1.29%10-4, 15-1. (2) One can replace the two hemispheres with an open Rat end with two hemispheres with ‘cloned fat end, ‘Then the area of relevance isthe are of the at end, or 2. The nt force rm the pressure difrence Is Apa = Apel this much force must be sppled to pull the hemispheres part (by P= (09961 01 108Pa} (0. ANG = 9 1OON PLS-2. The pressure required is 4%10°Pa. This will happen at depth (410°Ps) ‘TarapryaronngTay IT (PHES) (0) The restant force on the wall will be P= [frum = ficomiran = mown (0 Teton gent = FUD-y te iat et) i rin, v= [ [vets = feemo-vy way ao (0 Dg oh aon fh ae ei a, '/F = (pgD*W/6)/(pgD"W/2) = D/3, th rr ing aml fo he ton, abd p= poy = ey(8.6m) the force on the bottoms ‘The volume of qui nA = po 6mn)x(0.60} = (18m) [r(0.602m) + 46%10"¢n! ‘The weighs W = pp(2.087:?). The ratio is 2.000 = 2081? 16-5. The presare at bis .(8.2x10%m) + pay. The pressure ata is p(88x10!m-+€) + paly~A). Set thas quaities equal to each othe: pB8x10'm +4) + paly—) = p4(82%10'm) + on, A(6x10'm +d) = pad, d= p.l610°m)/(m~ 90), = (2000/8) (610%) /(400kg/ 135.10. 189 PL5-6.(e) The presur(dierene) at depth y i Ap = pay. Since p= m/', then mav _ 8p a ams Thee 2 aay mat dp= n+ MB. (0) Sof = ps/B,20 Aofo= (000 kg/m?)(9.8m/s?($200:m)/(2.2%109Pa) = 19%. (4) Use Ba, 1510, p= (p6/p0)e, thn Ea, 15-13 wil ook ike (00/o0)9= Go/po)ove-* () The upward veloty ofthe rocket arm function of tine i given by ¥ = art. The beght of Ue rocket above the gro i given by y = fay!?. Combining, von E = Sin Put hist the expt fo dg slong wth he equation or deny into wth iad D=CApu? = CApge*!*2yay. Now tk th dete ith epet 0, Dy = (-1/a}CAre™*(40.)+CAome™ (2). ‘Thaw ah wen y= repute aston 15-8 (8) Consider a slice of cross section A depth h beneath the surface. The net force on the fuid above the lice wil be Fe =ma= phdg, Since the weight of che Hud above the slice is W = mg = pias, ‘hen the upward force on the bottom of the fui at the lee must be We Pa = phAlo+e, >the presture is p= F/A = ph(g +0) () Change a to —a, (e) The pressure is zero (ignores atmospheric cotrbution.) 15.9 (a) Consider potion ofthe lqud atthe surface, The net force on this portion is F ‘nat = mai, The fore of gravity on thus portion ie W.= mal. ‘There mst then be « buoyant force on the portion with direction B = F~ W — m(ai+ gi). The buoyant fever makes a angle 8 = arctan(o/o) with the vertical. The buoyant free must be perpendicular te the surface of the Auld there are no pressucrelated forces which are parallel tothe surface, Consequently, the surface ‘must make an angle & = wetan(a/9) with the heron (b) He wl sl vary as po; the delvation on page 324 stil valid for verti daplacemecs 190 p= or ae) (PIBEHE] We can start with Ea. 11, exe that wel write ou dite In trms ofr ned 1Fy, Tato this we can substitute our expresion for 9, BR oF Substituting, then integrating, ie ae st 7 Bly vis vig vig 7 000% [py then eee P15-12_ (0) The oot force on a small volume of the ul ls dF = ru? dm diceted toward the ‘ener. For radial eaplcemens, then, dF /dr = —nu?dn/dr ov dpe = —notp. (©) Integrating satward, + [Peden nt beta (0) Do pat) fe (wi i sry a ph the deration on page 34 tl Yai for wrt paoenents (©) Th pres nha sh id then See by P+ Sa — poy, eo the preareon the sure, meni rm he bottom of he prt and ‘eared frm the eter The ures esd by pp so 1p =0, ae PIEA8 The alan shi i= pn won't bly at, Tm on nite ems ae m = | @atO aj) — Ga, = Fo ST 0887 m) = 0.861 a1 P1514 The wood will iplace a volume of water equal to (2.67 %g/(684hg/m?)(0.858) = 5.45% 10-%n™ in either ese. That corresponds toa tas of (1000 /t?(8.45«10-Pmt) = SAS eg that can be supported (a) The mass of ead 5.45 ~ 367g = 178g (0) Wha the ed is submerged beneath the wate daplces water, which affects te “pparent™ ‘mass ofthe lead, The rs weg ofthe led ism, the buoyant force is y/ong, x the apparent eights (.— pu/nmg. This means the apparent mas of the submerged led is (1 ~ pen. "This apparent mass kg, the true mas is (21400 %a/°) Tig) ~ Cooney 78) We intially ave ‘When water is poured ove the object the simple elation no longer works ‘Once the water is ove the objet there are two Buoyant forex: one from mercury, F, and one ftom the water, Fa, Following a derivation which is similar to Sample Problem 15-3, we have R= pig and R= ahio where py isthe density o mercury, the volume ofthe object which ein the mercury, p is the

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