Connor McCallion unit 16 editing report

LO1. UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRINCIPLES OF

EDITING
LO1.1
Development: in-camera editing; In camera editing is a technique where
you edit your shots while you film in order instead of shooting a number
of shots then editing it with software i.e. final cut pro. Filmmakers tend to
use this technique if the cost of their film is expensive, they use it to
maximize the amount of film usage.
Following the action; following the action are specific shots that follow a
person, car etc. Films like James Bond use them a lot to follow the
protagonist or antagonist. They mainly consist of panning shots and
tracking shots mainly using a dolly.
multiple points of view; multiple point of view is when something is
happening like a conversation, the camera would be shot on one person
and then would be cut to another person and then to another or back to
the first person. This technique is used to give the point of view of the
person listening and all characters involved.
shot variation; this technique is used to create sequences of images
using movement. Wide shots would be used to start these sequences
and essentially sets the tone for the audience to understand the concept
of the scene. Long shots are also used to let the audience focus on
certain characters that are mainly leading figures. Medium shots are
mainly used in scenes of conversations or action scenes for the
audience to follow narrative. Lastly close ups are used to let the
audience see the expression and emotions of the characters face and
help move along the narrative.
Manipulation of diegetic time and space; this technique is used by the
editor that changes the speed of the film, more commonly known as a
montage. Where a long period of time is now edited to a short period of
time. It used key sense of progress over days or months. This lets the

audience know it was a long period of time but lets the director and
editor use more time in the film for the rest of the story.
film; film is a serous of still images shown in rapid progression to make
it look like normal moment from a person, car, etc. these still images are
known as frames and a normal film shows 24 frames per second. Film
was originally recorded onto plastic film, which was then projected onto
a big screen.
video; video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying,
playback, broadcasting and display of moving visual media
analogue; analogue editing was the original method of editing before
computers were used for editing. The editor would get a copy of film
called the workprint and it was all done by hand. The editor would cut
the film and paste to another piece of film
digital; digital editing is the modern method of both film and video
editing. Today its now all done on computers using software like final cut
pr and iMovie. The footage is imported and all the clips can be
accessed.

Task 1. Provide a written report to explain your understanding of

the above media terms, also provide written details about camera
and audio equipment you use to record production work. P1 M1 D1
Most of the techniques above I have used previously in my projects, in
my fictional film and biographical sketch. What I have used most would
most likely be in camera editing where we shot scenes in sequence
were we wouldnt have to patch together instead of random shot scenes.
I also followed the action in a lot of my shots, as it lets the audience feel
more involved in the film.

(above shows an example of in camera editing)

the equipment above is what we use when shooting our projects: jvc pro
hd camera, apple mac computer installed with final cut pro, a shot gun
mic and memory cards to transfer video and audio from the camera to
the mac.

LO1.2 Purposes: storytelling, e.g. engaging the viewer;

development of drama; this is where the drama and tension is made.

They use long shots as they want to build tension by creating a sense of
danger by doing this. Developing drama comes down to emotion and
how they react.
relationship to genre; when editing different genres of films they use
techniques and styles associated with the genre. Its how they edit
genres, that change the way we think about the story and the viewers
emotion changes with the techniques used. An example would be an
action film. An action film would use fast paced shot and thy camera is
often shaking. This gives us an impression of something dangerous and
something rushed.
creating motivation; this is what an editor must decide, and they must
decide 5 things. The audience, story, physical, characters and the film
itself. An example of this could be a character looking at a photo. The
next shot is then the photo, then back to the character to see a reaction
and this lets us know how she feels and if the photo is significant.
combining shots into sequences; this is where you combine shots
into sequences in the process of joining shots together and making them
flow. The editing of this has to be perfect for them to be not to be noticed
by the viewer.
creating pace: In my fictional film I wanted to use only music to
illustrate my film more through character emotion and the music I used. I
also used a build up of shots that were memories of the protagonist that
engages the viewer, which I believe, makes the audience highly
interested and keeps them engaged. I also used a steady escalation of
pace to the climax.
Task 2. Describe how the above media terms are important to
moving image productions. Give an account how you are intending
to employ editing techniques and processes to tell your story? P1

M1 D1: All these term are important because they create the emotion,
interest and character in a film. The end product of a film can be
changed drastically with the right editing skills. An of example could be
using slow deep music and low lighting to make scenes more emotional,
that couldn't be done without editing.
LO1.3 Conventions and techniques:
seamless; Seamless editing is where you put two different pieces of
film together to create a neat, smooth piece of film that runs into each
piece of each other easily. This could be taking two different shots of film
from totally different times, yet as the character walks down the same
street and into the same building, you would mirror the image and create
a seamless edit.
continuity; Continuity editing is the predominant style of
film editing and video editing in the post-production process of film
making of narrative films and television programs. The purpose
of continuity editing is to smooth over the inherent discontinuity of
the editing process and to establish a logical coherence between shots.
Motivated; A motivated edit or motivated cut as it is also known, is
when the scene cuts to another scene or object that was not in the
previous frame. This is done in a discreet manner so as not to come off
as jarring to the audience or break the illusion of continuity. Motivated
edits are usually justified by narrative means such as in Flashbacks, to
create a sense of tension and reverse shots.
Montage; a montage is an editing technique in which shots are
juxtaposed in an often fast-paced fashion that compresses time
and conveys a lot of information in a relatively short period.
Jump-cutting; A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two
sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera

positions that vary only slightly. This type of edit gives the
effect of jumping forwards in time.
parallel editing; Parallel editing (cross cutting) is the technique of
alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in
different locations. If the scenes are simultaneous, they occasionally
culminate in a single place, where the relevant parties confront each
other.
180o rule; The 180 degree rule, camera position and eyeline.
When you film a scene using separate shots, it's important that
people understand where everything in the scene is. The 180
degree rule will help you do this. Shot 1: Long shot. Imagine
you're looking at a scene from the side and making sure you
dont cross the 180 degree line.
transitions, e.g. cut, dissolve, fade, wipe; transitions are post filming
edits were they are used between shots. Most films will also include
selective use of other transitions, usually to convey a tone or
mood, suggest the passage of time, or separate parts of the
story.
Cutaways; A cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously
filmed action by inserting a view of something else.
point of view shot; A point of view shot or pov, is seeing through the
eyes of the protagonist and it makes the viewers feel like they are
experiencing what the protagonist is experiencing.
Shot-reverse-shot; A shot reverse shot is a technique is where one
character is looking at another character, then the other character is
shown looking back to the first character.

providing and withholding information; Providing and withholding

information is when you make the narrative more dramatic by giving the
audience more information or taking away information
editing rhythm; editing rhythm is used to pace the films action. Slow
cut editing has a calm experience as fast pace cute has a more
aggressive and lively feel to it.
Crosscutting; crosscutting is the technique of alternating 2 or more
scenes together but can happen in different locations . If the scenes are
simultaneous, they often culminate in a single place, where the parties
confront with each other.
cutting to soundtrack; this technique is when the pace of the cuts are
motivated by how fast the song is. Often the soundtrack dictates the cut
of the pace of the cuts.
Task 3. Provide a written report to explain what the above editing
conventions and techniques mean and give an account of the
editing techniques you plan to use in your production. P1 M1 D1
My next task is my social action film and in which there will be a few
interviews with various people. For this I intend to shot reverse shots
when interviewing. I also intend to cut the soundtrack to suit a slow
empathizing feel. Also the 180 degree rule has to be used, if I didnt
follow this technique it would make the film look unprofessional.
LO2. BE ABLE TO PREPARE MOVING IMAGE MATERIAL FOR
EDITING
LO2.1 Preparation techniques:
checking material for faults; making sure the audio and video in the
take is correct

marking up a script; maker down on the script what scene and what
take
labelling tapes; writing down what scene and take the is on the tape.
storing tapes or film; when the editor puts the footage in a computer or
storing it somewhere if its a physical copy in a dry store, away from
direct sunlight and have a regulated room temperature.
producing an edit decision list; making a list of the kinds of cuts that
will be used and when they are going to be used.
creating bins; creating a place to store all the footage by creating a
library.
clarifying the purpose of the work with a client; meeting with a client
and see what type of video or film they want you produce for them.
Task 4. Write about and describe the editing terms and processes
mentioned above
The terms above is preparation work before and also a
safeguard in case some of the scenes or cuts dont work for
what you want to create. i.e. have a bin where you can go back
and extract other scenes that might fit in.
LO2.2 Preparing to edit:
importing clips; importing clips from the cameras sd card onto the
computer and then onto editing software like final cut, to then edit
bins; bins can be used to put left of cuts that weren't used in your
production. But instead of deleting them you can have them on stand by
in case you wish to use some of the scenes.
Timeline; timelines are used when you drop clips into a software like
final cut and you can then arrange them into whatever order you wish.

storage and folder management; this is done to secure and store your
pieces of work in specific individual documents and folders.
online and offline editing; The offline/online workflow allows you to
use temporary, reduced-quality copies of your footage to edit with, and
then finish your project with full-quality media.
Formats; format is what you save you video under i.e. avi, mov file,
H264, mpeg4, mpeg3
resolution; the resolution is the quality of the picture with 240p being
low quality and 1080p being high. The quality also effects the length of
time it take to render the video
Task 5. Provide screen shots of the editing techniques used.
Command Shift 4 and select the relevant material on screen.
Screen shots of clips, bins, timeline, etc.

timeline above
individual clips above

LO3. BE ABLE TO EDIT MOVING IMAGE MATERIAL

LO3.1 Editing technology:

software applications; software applications would be programs like

final cut pro, sony vegas or iMovie.
hardware, e.g. non-linear, linear; linear hardware would have been
tapes and film as nonlinear hardware is digital devices I.e dvd, sd cards,
computer, leads, keyboard and mouse.
high definition; a hd film would is very clear and sharp in picture, that
would be customary with modern t.v's.

standard definition; sd is a lesser defined picture, where it can appear

blurry and less colourful compared to hd.
tapes; tapes where used prior digital technology, that physically had still
images imprinted then captured.
hard disc; a hard disc or dvd is a magnetic disc with a large data
storage capacity.
data transfer rates; DTR is the speed which data can be transferred
from one devise to another and are most regularly measured in
megabytes and gigabytes.
exporting productions; to export production is when you export a
video from software like final cut pro onto a master drive on a computer
or hard drive.

file types, e.g. mov, avi, flv; these file time are what is used to save
video, like how documents are saved under doc and pictures under
jpeg.
Compression; compression on a video is making the video as small as
possible on data, so it can load faster and take up less space.

Task 6. Describe what editing techniques you used to produce the

work and provide a list of all editing equipment employed in
production process.
When I made my films I used non linear hardware, which I
used sd cards and hard drives, and it was saved under a mov
file. After finishing the film I uploaded it onto youtube as a
compressed hd video on a H264 format.
Task 7. Describe editing techniques used and provide screen shots
of editing techniques employed

LO3.3 Post-production tools:

on screen text; on screen text are things like intos, credits and subtitles

image editing; image editing is when you adjust things like brightness
and contrast to adjust it to the style of film
audio editing Assessment and grading criteria; audio editing is
where you import music and adjust the sound, i.e. lowering the sound so
you can hear dialogue in the video or fading out the music at the end so
it sounds better than abruptly stopping the music.
Task 8. What credit and title techniques, audio techniques and
music clips did you use?