Whitney Hall

Psychology
Celeste Shin Ru Lonson
11/30/15
Carl Jung Vs. Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud were some of the most influential, important psychological
theorists that influenced physiology development. They had different approaches and yet both
are used in modern physiology. Freud broke the basic model of psyche into in which he calls the
psyche apparatus, Jung broke down his model of the basic psyche into what he calls
archetypes. Carl Jung developed a theory on consciousness his theory is about the collective
conscious. Freuds theory has two levels, the unconscious and conscious of the mind. Both Freud
and Jung had similar ideas of the psychological growth. Jung's approach was that is happens on
an individual level , becoming ones own self. Freuds theory is called the psychosexual stages.
Freud basic reality is the concept that physiology is broken down into a model, id, ego,
and superego; which he also calls the physchic apparatus. (McLeod pg. 2-3). The id is the
unconscious level that contains the basic instincts for ratification and gratification this drives the
other two instincts. Eros is the instincts that help people survive. Lastly Thanaos is the self
destruct mode. Jungs theory that is similar to this is his theory of the archetypes. These are the
main structures in personality. These structures include the ego, the persona, the shadow and the
anima (in men), the animus (in women), and is the self (Fadmin pg. 4). These images and
structures are formed from the culture that surrounds us as a species. The ego is the center of
consciousness, the persona is how we appear in the world around us and the shadow is the ideas
thoughts and feelings that we have repressed.
Jung developed a theory of the conscious by using the concept of archetype. The
archetype is a force. It has an autonomy. It can certainly seize you. (Carl Jung, Whitney M.)

Whitney Hall
Psychology
Celeste Shin Ru Lonson
11/30/15
Basically this concept is described as, there is a level of imagery in the unconscious common to
everyone. (Fadiman pg.4). His theory on conscious is that we as human beings (as a species)
share common thoughts, feeling and attitudes. Freuds theory of the conscious is that there is
three levels to the consciousness. He uses the analogy of an iceberg to describe his theory. The
top part that sticks out of the water is the consciousness that we are aware of. We tend to put our
focus on that part of our being (tip of the iceberg). The precocious is what holds our memories.
The bottom half under the water that support the iceberg is the unconsciousness this is what
holds our behavior. (McLeod pg. 2)
Freud focused on psychosexual stages of development. There are five main psychosexual
stages. The first is the oral stage, this is the mouth when they are focused on sucking and
swallowing. The second is the anal stage, the anus, this is withholding or expelling faeces. The
third is the Phallic stage, the penis or clitoris, masturbation stage. The fourth is Latent, little or no
sexual motivation present. Lastly the genital, the penis or vagina, sexual intercourse. Each of
these stages must be met in oder to have a normal adult personality (Schacter, D.L., Gilbert, D.T.,
Wegner, D.M. & Nock, M.K.), (Fadmin, J, pg 4.). Jungs theory of development is similar but its
more focused on the individual. Becoming aware of ones-self. His concept is not nearly as
structured as Freuds which is where some of his flaws start to show however its similar in the
fact that as psychological growth you must become aware of yourself its a process, a natural one,
much like Freuds explanation.
As a result of both Jung and Freud we have a greater understanding of physiology they
both had a great influence on the study of physiology and that is why it is still widely used today.

Whitney Hall
Psychology
Celeste Shin Ru Lonson
11/30/15
As more research has been done flaws have been found in both of their theories however we still
use their theorys to help us understand physiology. Both of these men helped shape how we can
better understand the human species. Overall I think that I prefer Freuds theories better. He has a
more clear sense of direction in his theories and I think that he also is able to accurately relate to
his arguments of why his theory is better than Jungs.
Cited Sources:
Fadiman, J., & Grager, R. (2005). Personality and personal growth (6th ed.). New York:
Pearson.
McLeod, S. A. (2013). Retrieved from www.simplelypsychology.org/SigmundFreud.html
McLeod, Saul. "Carl Jung | Simply Psychology." Carl Jung | Simply Psychology.
Simplypsychology.org.
Schacter, D.L., Gilbert, D.T., Wegner, D.M. & Nock, M.K. (2014). Psychology (3rd ed.).
New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
Whitney, M. (Director.) (1985). Matter of heart [Motion picture on DVD). Untitled States