Diseases

1. Malaria
An infectious disease characterized by cycles of chills,
fever, and sweating, caused by the parasitic infection of red
blood cells by a protozoan which is transmitted by the bite
of an infected female mosquito.
Malaria is an infectious disease which in humans causes
about 350-500 million infections and over 1 million deaths
annually, mainly in the tropics and sub-Saharan Africa.
It is caused by a parasite entering the bloodstream.
It is spread by the female mosquito biting people.

Areas where Malaria is a problem

What determines its distribution?

Physical

Human

Warm Areas
(+16 min)

Crowded areas

Rainy Areas

Migration
common

Still water
Live near still
surfaces - breed water
Work near still
water
No money to kill
off

What does Malaria do?

Kills many of its victims

Leaves people weak and prone to more disease
Reduces life expectancy if survive
Reduces ability to work
Therefore productivity in country is lowered
The wealth in an area can therefore go down
Time and money needed for victims
Must move away from fertile farming areas malaria common

It therefore has a further, detrimental impact on the

development of a country.
http://www.malaria.org/

How can it be Controlled?

1. By Cure Drugs such as quinine expensive, impractical .
THEREFORE
It is better to PREVENT
By:
Spraying Insecticides and Draining their breeding grounds.
Is this effective? Why?

THE WHO
2 Ways of reducing malaria:
1. Research into cures and prevention methods e.g. mosquito
larvae-eating fish
2. World campaign to eradicate malaria 50 years ago, issuing
countries with drugs and insecticides. Initial success but
resistance developed .
http://www.who.int/en/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8073118.stm

9 December 2014
Halving of malaria deaths tremendous achievement
Global efforts have halved the number of people dying from malaria - a tremendous
achievement, the World Health Organization says.
It says between 2001 and 2013, 4.3 million deaths were averted, 3.9 million of which were
children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa.
Each year, more people are being reached with life-saving malaria interventions, the WHO
says.
In 2004, 3% of those at risk had access to mosquito nets, but now 50% do.
Villagers from the Highlands in Papua New Guinea NG have been trained to detect and
treat the disease in the community
There has been a scaling up of diagnostic testing, and more people now are able to receive
medicines to treat the parasitic infection, which is spread by the bites of infected
mosquitoes.
An increasing number of countries are moving towards malaria elimination.
In 2013, two countries - Azerbaijan and Sri Lanka - reported zero indigenous cases for
the first time, and 11 others (Argentina, Armenia, Egypt, Georgia, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan,
Morocco, Oman, Paraguay, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) succeeded in maintaining
zero cases.
In Africa, where 90% of all malaria deaths occur, infections have decreased significantly.

Malaria in Africa
528,000
deaths from malaria in 2013
54%
drop in mortality since 2000
49% of at-risk people in sub-Saharan Africa have access to
mosquito nets
70% of malaria patients could be treated but not all sick
children are taken to a clinic
43% of pregnant women did not receive a single dose of
preventative medicine

Cholera
Found in Africa, south Asia and Northern South America
It is caused by bacteria, found in human sewage and spreads
to water if drunk = infected
Common in poor areas WHY?

http://www.writing.uct.ac.za/ELL319F/students2001/anthony/website/WhatsHIV4.htm

AIDS
Worldwide, but 70% of cases in Africa
Caused by the HIV, and is passed between people by
Sharing needles
Unprotected sex
Breast-feeding
Common in poor areas WHY?

http://www.avert.org/statindx.htm

Kwashiorkor
Found in Africa, south and south-east Asia
It is caused by people not eating enough protein (meat, fish,
dairy, nuts)
Common in poor areas and areas suffering a natural disaster
Often see images of children suffering from this on news
reports etc.

Your Task
1. Read pages 485-487; make a table on other diseases of
poverty as the board. Complete question block 10K
2. Case-Study on AIDS read pgs 494-497 and complete
Qblock 10M.
3. Case-Study on Malaria PP, videos, table.