Automated Systems

by Mr. Arthur
Edited for HS use by Mrs. Baxter Oct. 2010

http://www.slideshare.net/iarthur/automated-systems-slides

Auto Systems
What you need to know!
1.What is an Auto System?
2.Examples in Everyday
Life/Industry
3.Advantages over manual
labour
4.Parts of robot arm
5.Tools that can be connected
6.Sensors/Feedback
7.Social Implications of
Automation
8.Safety issues
9.AGVs

1.Controlling AGVs
2.Powering Robots
3.Programming Robots
4.Why are programs stored
on ROM chips
5.Embedded Systems
6.Use of CAD
7.CAD hardware
8.Remotely Operated
Vehicles
9.Expert Systems
10.Virtual Reality
11.Simulation

Part 1
1.What is an Automated System
2.Advantages of Automated
Systems over Manual Systems
3.Examine different types of
Automated Systems

Automated Systems
An Automated System is where you

provide the input, the machine or

computer carries out the process and
provides you with the output
Everyday Life?
o Washing Machine
o Video Recorder
o Dishwasher
o Microwave

Automated Systems in
Industry
Car Manufacture
Coke Production
Automated Milk System
Aircraft Manufacture
Spray Tanning

Advantages of using Automated

Systems
1.They can carry out tasks much faster
2.They do repetitive tasks
3.Used in hazardous environments
4.Work without a break
5.Possibly more accurate
6.Adaptable and able to carry out other tasks

Part 2
Introduce Static robots and different
parts of their anatomy
Discuss the different tools that can be
fitted to them
Discuss sensors and feedback

Examples of Mobile/Stationary
Robots

Robot Anatomy

Tools (End Effectors)

Nail Gun
Gripper
Suction cup
Spray Paint
Welding tool

Sensors and Feedback

A sensor is a device which detects a
physical quantity
o Light sensor
o Heat sensor
o Bump sensor
o Movement sensor
o Sound sensor

The signals which a sensor sends back

to the computer is called feedback

Part 3
To discuss the Social,
Technical and Economic
Implications of Auto
Systems
To discuss AGVs and
Guidance Systems

Social Implications
Jobs losses
Reduces morale having robots
Need to retrain for other jobs
Work 24/7
Less injuries for workers
Improved working conditions
More social time

Technical Implications
Program machine to move slowly
Fit sensors and provide feedback
Cover moving parts
Cover the battery and processor
Safety guidelines in place

Economic Implications
High running costs
Higher initial cost
Cheaper in the long run
Larger output = more money
Repair costs
More accuracy = less waste
Expensive to replace
Less employee wages = larger profits
Redundancy costs

Aims of Part 4
To discuss AGVs and Guidance
Systems
To discuss ROVs

Autonomous Guided Vehicles

An Autonomous Guided Vehicle is a vehicle that is
programmed by a computer system to move about a
factory floor delivering parts to work stations or
removing waste.
AGVs are controlled in 2 different ways
o A Light Guidance System is used where the AGV follows
a painted line along the factory floor

o A Magnetic Guidance System is where the AGV follow

the magnetic pulses from a wire under the factor floor

Remotely Operated Vehicles

Remotely Operated Vehicles are used in

hazardous environments where it is not

safe for humans to go. They can be used
for bomb disposal, under water and space
exploration.
The vehicle is equipped with a television
camera, which relays a picture to the
operator controlling it at a safe distance.

Part 5
Programming Robots

Programming Robots and

AGVs
Robots are normally controlled by a
computer program, which is made up of
instructions written in a high level language
The robot may also be trained using the lead
through method
Programs are stored on ROM chips. These
are a more expensive way of storing
programs but they retain their information if
the power is switched off and load up much
faster

Powering Robots and AGVs

Robots and AGVs are normally powered by motor or
may sometimes be powered by a battery

Computer Aided Design

Computer Aided Design

Computer Aided Design is a way of using a
computer system to design the structure or
appearance of an item on a screen.
They are often used for the design of the
following items
o Car Design
o Kitchen Design
o Housing
o Cartoon Animation

CAD requires different types of input

devices, with most drawings often created
using a Graphics Tablet.
The drawings are sometimes too big to
send to a printer and a plotter is often used

Computer Aided Manufacture

CAM is using a computer to
control the production
process.
Examples
o Making car parts

Advantages of CAD/CAM
o It is faster, more accurate
process
o The amount of waste is
minimised
o It is simpler to produce

Simulation
Simulation is where you use
a computer system to
model a real life situation.
Examples
o training a pilot to land a 747
Jet,

o training army staff to drive a

tank

o testing loading conditions of

a bridge

o driving a Formula 1 car

o Rollercoaster simulator

Advantages?
o Much safer for training
purposes

o Cheaper than doing the real

thing

o Practice different situations

that may not happen

Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality is a method of reproducing the

outside world digitally within a computer system.

To take part in virtual reality, the user wears a
headset, with earphones and goggles, together
with data gloves.
Virtual reality allows a user to project him or

herself into the computer-generated world and

move freely within it.

Analogue Signals
Most electrical signals, like Mr
Haggarty singing into a
microphone is analogue.
o Light, Heat, Movement
Analogue signals from a sensor
vary continuously between 2
limits

Computer can only process

digital signals i.e. 1s and 0s
An Analogue to Digital converter
is required to convert the A signal
to D for processing
An interface could be used to
convert the Analogue to Digital
signal

Analogue to Digital
Conversion
An interface is part of a computer system that allows different
devices to communicate with the processor, compensating for
any differences
An Analogue to Digital converter is required to convert the
analogue signals from the sensor to digital signals that the
computer can process.

Signal Converters

D to A

Interface
A to D

Embedded Systems
An embedded system is a computer system

inside another, larger piece of equipment, like

the computer system in most modern cars or
in a mobile phone or in a microwave
The embedded system are often used to

control critically important systems, like the

car ignition or cooking times

Expert Systems
An Expert System is a special computer
program which can apply hundreds of rules
or facts that have been programmed by a
human expert.
Expert system programs can diagnose your
health problems, give you legal advice or
help you find out what is wrong with your
cars ignition system.

Assignment:
Complete the answer to the questions given
in the hand out, answers can all be found in
this PPT (Major)
Complete the ABC Review Sheet (Daily)
You will see these same questions on a test
later!

BONUS #1
Do a research on the internet to find 3 different
Automated Systems used in Industry.
Use a Word Processor to outline the different
systems telling me exactly what the Automated
System is used for
Include the advantages of these system over a
manual system
Research what sensors and feedback are?

BONUS #2:
Power Pt or Photo Story
Slide 1 = What is an Auto System/Examples in Industry/Everyday life
Slide 2 = Advantages of Auto Systems
Slide 3 = Stationary Robots/Parts of Robot arm/Tools
Slide 4 = Sensors and Feedback
Slide 5 = Social/Economic/Technical Implications
Slide 6 = AGVs/Remotely Operated Vehicles
Slide 7 = Powering Robots
Slide 8 = Programming Robots