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The Art

of the
Short Story
DANA GIOIA
R. S. GWYNN
Lamar University
SUB Gottingen
217 782 094

2005 A 3176

PEARSON

Longman
New York Boston San Francisco
London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid
Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal

CONTENTS

Preface xi
About the Authors

Parti

xiii

Introduction

THE ART OF THE SHORT STORY 3

Part 11 Stories

CHINUA ACHEBE, Nigerian 9


Dead Men's Path 10
Author's Perspective
Achebe: Modern Africa as the Crossroads of Culture

12

American 14
Hands 15
Author's Perspective
Anderson: Words Not Plot Give Form to a Short Story

SHERWOOD ANDERSON,

MARGARET ATWOOD, Canadian 21


Happy Endings 22
Author's Perspective
Atwood: On the Canadian Identity

24

19

iv

CONTENTS

American 26
Sonny's Blues 27
Author's Perspective
Baldwin: Race and the African-American Writer

JAMES BALDWIN,

Argentine 53
The Garden of Forking Paths 55
Author's Perspective
Borges: Literature as Experience

49

JORGE LUIS BORGES,

62

ALBERT CAMUS, French, born in Algeria

64

The Guest 65
Author's Perspective
Camus: Revolution and Repression in Algeria

74

American 76
Cathedral 77
A Small, Good Thing 88
Author's Perspective
Carver: Commonplace but Precise Language

104

RAYMOND CARVER,

American 106
Paul's Case 107
Author's Perspective
Cather: Art as the Process of Simplification

WILLACATHER,

JOHN CHEEVER, American

121

122

The Swimmer 123


Author's Perspective
Cheever: Why I Write Short Stories

131

Russian 133
\
The Lady with the Pet Dog 135
Misery 147
Author's Perspective
Chekhov: Natural Description and "The Center of Gravity"

ANTON CHEKHOV,

American 152
The Storm 153
The Story of an Hour 157
Author's Perspective
Chopin: My Writing Method

KATE CHOPIN,

SANDRA ClSNEROS, American

160

Barbie-Q 160
Author's Perspective
Cisneros: Bilingual Style

162

159

151

CONTENTS

JOSEPH CONRAD, Polish, Naturalized British

The Secret Sharer 165


Author's Perspective
Conrad: The Condition of Art

164

193

American 195
The Open Boat 196
Author's Perspective
Crane: The Sinking of the Commodore 213

STEPHEN CRANE,

American 217
A Party Down at the Square 218
Author's Perspective
Ellison: Race and Fiction 222

RALPH ELLISON,

American 224
Barn Burning 225
A Rose for Emily 238
Author's Perspective
Faulkner: The Human Heart in Conflict with Itself

WILLIAM FAULKNER,

F. SCOTT FITZGERALD, American 246


Babylon Revisited 247
Author's Perspective
Fitzgerald: On His Own Literary Aims

262

French 264
A Simple Heart 265
Author's Perspective
Flaubert: The Labor of Style 286

GUSTAVE FLAUBERT,

Colombian 287
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings 289
Author's Perspective
Garcia Marquez: My Beginnings as a Writer

GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ,

American 296
The Yellow Wallpaper 297
Author's Perspective
Gilman: Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper"

293

CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN,

Russian 310
The Overcoat 311
Author's Perspective
Gogol: On Realism 331

NIKOLAI GOGOL,

309

245

vi

CONTENTS

NADINE GORDIMER, South African 333


A Company of Laughing Faces 334
Author's Perspective
Gordimer: How the Short Story Differs from the Novel
American 347
Young Goodman Brown 348
The Birthmark 357
Author's Perspective
Hawthorne: On the Public Failure of His Early Stories

345

NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE,

369

American 370
A Clean Well-Lighted Place 372
Author's Perspective
Hemingway: One True Sentence 375

ERNEST HEMINGWAY,

ZORA NEALE HURSTON, American 377


Sweat 378
Author's Perspective
Hurston: Eatonville When You Look at It

387

American 389
The Lottery 390
Author's Perspective
Jackson: The Public Reception of "The Lottery"

SHIRLEY JACKSON,

HENRY JAMES, American, Naturalized British

The Real Thing 400


Author's Perspective
James: The Mirror of a Consciousness

399

418

HA JlN, born in China, Resident American 419


Saboteur 420
Author's Perspective
Jin: Deciding to Write in English 427
Irish 429
Araby 430
The Dead 434
Author's Perspective
Joyce: Epiphanies 464

JAMES JOYCE,

Austm-Hungarian 465
Before the Law 466
The Metamorphosis 467
Author's Perspective
Kafka: Discussing The Metamorphosis 500

FRANZ KAFKA,

396

'i

CONTENTS

D. H. LAWRENCE, English 502


Odour of Chrysanthemums 503
The Rocking-Horse Winner 517
Author's Perspective
Lawrence: The Novel Is the Bright Book of Life

528

URSULA K. LE GUIN, American 530


The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas 531
Author's Perspective
Le Guin: On "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"
DORIS LESSING, Rhodesian, Naturalized British

A Woman on a Roof 538


Author's Perspective
Lessing: My Beginnings as a Writer

535

537

545

American 547
To Build a Fire 548
Author's Perspective
London: Defending the Factuality of "To Build a Fire"

JACK LONDON,

MANSFIELD, New Zealander 561


Miss Brill 562
The Garden-Party 565
Author's Perspective
Mansfield: On "The Garden-Party" 575

KATHERINE

American 511
Shiloh 578
Author's Perspective
Mason: Minimalist Fiction 588

BOBBIE ANN MASON,

French 590
The Necklace 591
Author's Perspective
Maupassant: The Realist Method

GUY DE MAUPASSANT,

597

American 599
Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street
Author's Perspective
Melville: American Literature 626

HERMAN MELVILLE,

YUKIO MlSHIMA, Japanese 628


Patriotism 629
Author's Perspective
Mishima: Physical Courage and Death

646

600

559

viii

CONTENTS

ALICE MUNRO, Canadian 648


How I Met My Husband 649
Author's Perspective
Munro: How I Write Short Stories

661

American 663
Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Author's Perspective
Oates: Productivity and the Critics 676

JOYCE CAROL OATES,

664

FLANNERY O'CONNOR,

American 611
A Good Man Is Hard to Find 678
Revelation 689
Author's Perspective
O'Connor: The Element of Suspense in "A Good Man
Is Hard to Find" 704
American 101
The Fall of the House of Usher 708
The Tell-Tale Heart 721
Author's Perspective
Poe: The Tale and Its Effect 725

EDGAR ALLAN POE,

American 126
Flowering Judas 727
Author's Perspective
Porter: Writing "Flowering Judas" 736

KATHERINE ANNE PORTER,

American 738
The Man to Send Rain Clouds 739
Author's Perspective
Silko: The Basis of "The Man to Send Rain Clouds"

LESLIE MARMON SILKO,

742

ISAAC BASHEVIS SINGER, Yiddish (born in Poland), Naturalized


American 744
Gimpel the Fool 745
Author's Perspective
Singer: The Character of Gimpel 755
Russian 757
The Death of Ivan Ilych 758
Author's Perspective
Tolstoy: The Moral Responsibilities of Art

LEO TOLSTOY,

American 799
Separating 800
Author's Perspective
Updike: Why Write? 808

JOHN UPDIKE,

797

CONTENTS

American 809
Everyday Use 810
Author's Perspective
Walker: The Black Woman Writer in America

ix

ALICE WALKER,

EUDORAWELTY, American 819


Why I Live at the P.O. 820
Author's Perspective
Welty: The Plot of the Short Story

829

EDITH WHARTON, American 831


Roman Fever 832
Author's Perspective
Wharton: The Subject of Short Stories
English 843
A Haunted House 844
Author's Perspective
Woolf: Women and Fiction

816

841

VIRGINIA WOOLF,

845

Part HI Writing

847

THE ELEMENTS OF SHORT FICTION


PLOT

849

CHARACTERIZATION
POINT OF VIEW
SETTING
THEME
STYLE

849

854

857

859
860
861

WRITING ABOUT FICTION

863

CRITICAL APPROACHES TO LITERATURE 878


FORMALIST CRITICISM

879

Michael Clark, Light and Darkness in "Sonny's Blues" 880


BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM

8 81

Virginia Llewellyn Smith, Chekhov's Attitude to Romantic Love 882


HISTORICAL CRITICISM

884

John King The Argentine Context of Borges's Fantastic Fiction

885

CONTENTS

PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITICISM

887

Daniel Hoffman, The Father-Figure in "The Tell-Tale Heart"


MYTHOLOGICAL CRITICISM

890

Edmond Volpe, Myth in Faulkner's "Barn Burning"


SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM

891

892

Daniel P. Watkins, Money and Labor in "The Rocking-Horse


Winner" 893
GENDER CRITICISM

895

Juliann Fleenor, Gender and Pathology in "The Yellow


Wallpaper" 896
READER-RESPONSE CRITICISM

897

Stanley Fish, An Eskimo "A Rose for Emily"


DECONSTRUCTIONIST CRITICISM

899

Roland Barthes, The Death of the Author


CULTURAL STUDIES

898
900

901

Mark Bauerlein, What Is Cultural Studies?

902

Part iv Glossary of Literary Terms


Acknowledgments

921

Chronological Listing of Authors (inside covers)

905

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