Chapter 5

Modern Genetics

III. Advances in
selective breeding- process of
Genetics
selecting a few organisms
with desired traits to be
parents of the next
generation

* 2 types:

1. inbreeding
* crossing 2 individuals that
have
similar characteristics
* example = dog breeding
* offspring can inherit genetic
disorders

2. hybridization (crossbreeding)
* crossing 2 genetically different
individuals = best traits of
both
* example plants resistant to
disease with plants that
produce
good crops

CFU
1. How many different types of
selective breeding?
2. What are there names?
3. What is the difference between
them?

B.
* can be used to produce
Cloning
organisms with desired traits

clone an organism that has

exactly the same genes as the

organism from which it was
produced

* plant clones are easily

produced
example = cuttings

* cloning animals is more

complex
* uses the nucleus of one animal
to produce a new animal =
nuclear transfer

What is the goal of hybridization?

Golden
Retriever
X
Poodle
To produce an organism with the
best
traits from both parents.

C. Genetic Engineering
genetic engineering - genes from one

organism are transferred into the DNA

of another organism

* produces medicines and food

crops

1. Genetic Engineering in
Bacteria
a. insulin production:
* human DNA is spliced into
the
plasmid of a bacteria

* bacteria now contains the human

DNA

* bacteria reproduce quickly,

and produce insulin

2. Genetic Engineering Other

Organisms
a. genes can be inserted into other
organisms:
* cows cells injected with human
blood clotting protein
produced in
milk
* genes can be inserted into plants to
survive poor conditions or resist pests

CFU
1. How many different types of
Genetic engineering are there??
2. What are there names?
3. What is the difference between
them?

3. Gene Therapy
gene therapy - the insertion of

genes into an individuals cells

and tissues to treat a disease

4. Concerns about Genetic

Engineering
* What are the long term
effects?
* Are engineered crops safe?
* Harm to people or the
environment?

How do genetic engineering

techniques enable scientists to
produce clotting proteins?

Human genes are inserted

into the cells of cows so
that the cows produce milk
that contain blood clotting

D. Learning About
Human
Genetics
genome all the DNA in one
cell of an organism

Human Genome Project

goal = identify the DNA
sequence of every gene
in the human genome
(20,000-25,000)

1. DNA Fingerprinting
a. DNA from cell is broken down into
small fragments
b. Fragments are used to make a
pattern
DNA fingerprint

* can identify people and show

if they are related
* can help solve crimes

About how many genes are in the

human genome?

20,000 25,000