W@mcmmm DIMENSIONES Y PESO DEL TUBO SOLDADO Y SIN SOLDADURA cunado SEGUN ANSI B: 36.10 M-1985 Y ANSI B 36.19 M-1985 NUMEROS NEGROS-ESPESORES EN MILIMETROS (M/M). _NUMEROS ROJOS-PESO EN KILOGRAMOS POR METRO LINEAL (KG/M). Diimeto | 0D. ‘Schedule STD Schedile | XS ‘Schedule Nominal | ram y y to [7/2 | 0 | as ao | 60 [80s a0 | 100 | 120 | 140 | 1060 | ms 58 te 03 a8 oa we 1870 2h 10 | oss ve rao 231 owt We a0 |e 2iT ‘aval rar ow 12 198 | 955 ‘1 BIO 165 287 556) 752] 103 A 4.88 : | 200 | s64 ¥ way | 185 338 8.35) 9.09] 1.30 250 424] 64s Sa 220165 356 638] 976] 165 | 270 338 sei] 777 We | eshte | 27 368 748] 10.5} fH 19% | 3.10 406 | 725 | 986 et eoa0 | ss] 277 ‘30 ‘874| 1107] 240 | 393 saa 111 [1344 aE 700 f 2aT | 305 318 355) 14.03] 300 | 525 383 1492 | 2039 F)waao fair] a05 5a T.t3) 1528 4st | 65 ee 1420 2185 ae | aoteo 211 | 305 |r re ie saa | 740 1357 aaa f2ar [305 802 118 aa] Tria sat | 936 1607 2882 58 | 41.03 eta 277 | san 855 1270) 15358 1908] i oa, |1i57 aur 4028 vont | 5143 e | teaso arr] 340 Tat taa7 18.26 21.95) 132 | 19086 2828 5A20 6756 | 7022 | were | arr] 376 635] 704/818 7608) 1026| 2082} 2501] 2223] 1479 |1986 ssst_| seat | 4255 7582 | 9044 |tonse |i1127 h07.92 ie aE | sao ass 635] 780; 927 1826 2148] 2540] 2856) 2540] ‘ zaea {2778 ai77 | 5108 | _eost fna.7s [sso fists [ries |iss.15 [1 | stag] gee 267 835] 838] 83] T03T Ziad] 25.40] 2858) 33:32] 2540} 3125 |9600 4975 | 6520 | 7a80 | 70.73, (50.10 [18807 fea ta bxa.76 j96.07 1 | —a5e0 | 386] 478] ass 792) oss] 958] 1119 2383) 2779] 3176) 3571 496 [4100 | 5469 | 67.20 | 1.3 | e139 1455 j9195 otes fosase bs1.70 | aaa aie | ara] 635) 797] asl ssa] T270 726.19] 30.96] 3653] 4049) 4155 |arze | soe | 774s | sazr | eaz7 hess0 45.55 baa $35.19 65.35 ae | aeroo | ate | a78 | 635) 702) 11.18) oss] 1427 2836[ 9493) 3067] 45.21 }4ea1_|5328 | 7057 los.16 fs20_ 62 esse fea 26 be0.37 ar | soeiao | azo] ssa] 638) 955] i270] 9.53] 15.09 3284) 38.10] 445] 5001 is5.12 [97.15 fes4e 159 feat 49 foo6.11 f41 a) sae 1270] 9.53 ‘3499 4128) 4783] 5398 526 [7553 | 2554 lr7i08 |za.1s 142 |s2702 kon ss 572.26, [2a | “eto [sary 635 85 va2T| 858) 7A ‘3849 46.02] 5237] 5068 ear |oass | 9453 hones frat12 pss.at fsar71 foros |r20.15 fs.22 2 680.50 792) 1270; | 99 her 36 lena.72 leoa? Be | Fe 792) 1270) 1588) 933] hare fence bri21 boas aw | a0 eae | 702 | 792] 1270) 168s) 95s 1833 }4728 [1728 pose? boa. [884 a] e808 Taz] 1270) 1588] 959) 17.48 |s724 boost fizis lieaae peor —_ ao) 792| 1270] 1886] 985] 1745 16720 e661 fsa.12 0st e490 B00 792 | 1270] 1668] 9.63) 18.05 i 17698 22.27 fi.70 [12.66 20.42 war | 385.00 353 boas a | 1016.00 955 bas 53 | 10806 355 270 | passe __beo19 a ae Tatoo = 959 270 EY 46.16 _ | Nola Lee pesos con para uberis de seat caono con extras nos. Lesenerscagradosde cero noncaie peer considerable vreclones enlos pesos Los inode erSeos pueden posareproximademartounSthinenes, fi nie i empiric ir yhtjup paren hares igimgarrnpeerse yrange endl racy/ {eyez wie Sarvsenanuamanunnennmyprgmermunnennnanenn velocity asa volumetric flowrate, Q, gpm, we substitute \ Resistances of Elbows, Tees D=dfi2, and v= 0.408(Q/d?) into Eq. (13). These ‘ond Bends Table t substitutions now yield: : CPesistonce eave Bib ong, 1) AP = 00mRI6/ LOLA) a { Vie where 47 is pressure drop, pu; fis feetion factor: Lis ean | 2°" Tie pipe length, ft: pis deasity Ib/fP; Q is volumetric Now. fe | tune | tate, gpm; and dis pipe diameter, in. Note that density rye | otf tom size, | nai, Fadi, a | r= tol am 155 Tint | Teg | andvemerie Howtte mus be exposed at the Bowing JL} | temperature, I we want to express the pressure drop as the cus- mH | 4s as | « | 6] 3 tomary loss per 100 fof pipe, we substitute £ = 100 f 2 [sep ss fa | 5 | wf 3s | in By (4), and ger a | 6 4 as [4 BP yg © OODG/AQE),prif100 ft as) ms | s [a | 7% | 6) § Eq, (15) can be expressed in terms of specific gravity, ws [| 7 ss | 0 of? S, by substituting p = 62.378: s- | 0 | es | a» | 0 BP ea = VS/STOMED, pslO0 fe 08) a [« [un fe | «]w : i T—| {Noe that in establishing Eg. (16) the densiy of water, wo [we [eu [a | 9 {6237 Io/M9, is a1 60°F. nes, the specific gravity, 8, in aE 2 feta Eq, (16) must be the density ofthe liguid at owing « [a | [a | temperate compared whe dey of wae a °F 3 (13) and (16) are the most convenient or ealelat- % sje je ja | s S| ing unit losses in liquid lines. Values of d° are listed in i oe ‘manufacturers’ catalogs. Example {What is the pressute drop per 100 {tin ‘a 6-in Schedule 40 (I.D. = 6.065 in, 5 = 8,206 in*) line for Kerosene? Liquid conditions are: fowrate, Qo, = 900 gpm; density, gg = 51 Ib/fi®: and temperature, ; 23K, al Resistances to Flow for Various Types of Valves—Table I! ‘esisiace in equvatent pipe lena, t) i ite Fup Oe Cle ice) Wel gle] Siteayéeat | fn Bevel Plug Seat > _hetk, Mn lhe . rl Henin! | Gupeedl de, iti | eyerdho oo fe re | : ies, tee ed GaSe? Tpit ee ; ste | fa | ie vara Thou) | Tend | tees | sate. i | gE | ce | ie Sear Soa | amt ferme pea (ieee c # us 15 “6 2 wv wD 6 ~ 6 q 2 a) a | = | . H = | 25 | | ee 2 » o r 3 sf» | « = [wf s ® % | \ 1 «| ee |» |e |e e 6 ti g Ca a) Cs » 2 8 2 |= | = [mm | os |» ® 7 fe | = | |» | 6 fs i Fa ; z__| vo ww |» © | wo | m0 6 : = m_ | te 2 o w_|_20. a Bt r a 2 0 Es 20 Cy } a | a % PH iFirs, some data preparation is necessary, which is summarized as: Specific gravity at 60°F: 5. = 51/627 = 082 Specific gravity at 321°F: Sy) = 0.72 from Ref. Sa Pat 7 Density at 321°F: p = 62.3702) we 449 Ib? Expansion factor: E = Sy/S = 0.82/0.22 = 1.14 Plowsale a 321°F: Q m Qqy/E = SONI.16) = 1026 gpm Viscosity: ws 03 ep fiom Ref. 54, Part Lt We now calculate the Reynolds number atthe owing conditions: Nm S06 KON Maem SOmeAg/Oax1 226/605 Nae a8 3c 0 The tion factor for this Ny is fund fom Fig $ and 6 of Part I* of series, and hence, f= 0.0154. (Flow fallin the transona turbulent sone) Subse oe ‘propriate vale into Bq (16) yi Aho = 12900184022, 029%/208 Pym 198 p10 Sizing Gas and Vapor Lines ‘To size gas or vapor lines, we must convert Eq, (14) and (15) to 2 weight flowrate by. sutsituting © =0.125(1/e) into them, This conversion yields: AP = 0000002361. fon W2yer) ay and for L = 100 f, Eg. (17) becomes: Pies = 0.000335 79. W272) ay Sere AP is pressure drop, psi, and Pray is pressure rop, psi/100 fi. Eq, (17) and (18) give acceptable results, providing that (1) the average gas density of flow ‘is used 6; + 02), where, Point and py isthe dene the pipe Segment (P,~ ) $04P, becaure energy lous ducto Tin Mith longer pipelines where the total pressure drop is Breater than 40% of the upsiream pressure, compute, tions are done by considering that the line is divided into {28ments, so thatthe pressure loss in each segment ie less than 40% of the upsiream pressure, Denciies, of Course, will be different in each segment, 1 Py ~ Fz S0.1Ps, average values of p need not be Galulated: Either the downstream or upstcam density can be used, Example 2—What is the pressure drop pet 100 fin 4 4in Schedule 40 (LD, = 4.026 in, d! = 1058. fine for methane? Gas flowrate, W= 10,150 lb/h; com, lecular weight, Af = 16; temperature, ¢ 172" sure, P = 127 psig: and viscosity, w = 00148 ep, ‘To find the pressure drop, we must use Eq, (18); and {ft order to solve this equation, we must determine gat it ions, and the friction factor, We place the appropriate values in the "PAL ot st soars Cou ng. Du. 33,104, ‘CHEMICAL ENGINEERING/JANUARY 6, 1975 Resistances of Eccentric and Concentric Reducers, And of Sudden Changes in Line Size—Table tit 2e in equivalent pipe tength, ny reer he ake Ea] Re | % © a @ @ : a a Le i 7 8 8 Hi 2 3 2 Te 13 a i 3 te fee eta 7 2 z @ a Iear) 3 3 A fara 4 “ * z 7 : é 7 7 “ e t ® é " Fy : © a § # ® 2 fo 1 ® ‘Fe e @ ¢ @ c : ¢ 2 « we 2 z é é 8 2 7 » a 7 « [Te % % « 7 7 ® Ey ra ® 3 8 » [on 8 8 “ <_| |e a z » {oe 2 3B [oe ® 2 # 5 5 wt z @ ® ® ttt ese extn wage te Ye een: nga of we inne" (CE REFRESHER... Resistances of Horizontal and Vertical Inlets and Outlets—Table 1V (Besilonce tn eqiatert pipe lng) frncea | emt [enone [roes [ron | Tet L riot [=t =} _L_ peu [eae i nm =| T |sbe| i * 2 1s 1 os % 3 2 |e fo 7 q a fe tt te y [oes [|e 2 2 7 [| as 2 [2 [as [as | See € «|» |e |. & a x» «|e @ e [se [ss @ u | |» |» “« 88 70 “a 2 fw | 100 B 0 & ew 120 S a x” ‘ 2 136 i e u 2 Ce a following relation,* keeping in mind that pressure and ‘temperature are in sbsoluie units: ps MPyomn 16127 + 14) = nae + Hag ‘To establish the friction actor, f, we must deterenine the Reynolds number: Mg = 6310s Na = 631410750) /(4028)0.0145) Myg =I 1 value of the Reynolds number, we find that Taclor® is: f= 0.0166, By substituting the appropriate values into Eq, (18), we obtain: Pp = Q000336(0.066/0.3344 107801/1 058) Pg = 182 pif 8 = 0334 18m? Overall Pressure Loss Most piping problems ate solved by trial and error. A pipe size i selected, its resistance is calculated for a given set of flow conditions, and the overatl pressure loss sense, is computed. If the overall pressure lass is elose to and ¢ available pressure difference beeen wo points in a pipeline, the selecid size is accepied for the ziven Mowe con 7 {mn pipeline calculations, itis convenient to obtain pres- ‘sure loss pet 100 {1 of pipe, A?iye. Multiplying AP, by the equivatent length of pipe and fittings (L, ) between {wo points yields the overall pressure loss: BP = AP of LOD), psi «9 ‘The equivalent-pipe-tength concept isthe quickest and ‘most convenient method for calculating overall pressure drop. Friction ioss through a pipe component can be converted (0 ar. equivalent pipe length if the pressure drop between the piping ends is the same as between the two ends of the piping component. Sizes are assumed to be identical, ‘The equivalent length of fiings and valves, the exit Aength and the entrance length can be quickly obtained from Tables 1 10 IV. These Wwbles have been compiled from a nomograph published by Crane Co. Example 4—Whal is the overall pressure loss between, points 1 and 2 for a pipeline whose nominal size i 6 in, as sketched here? “ 3 | 5 atime ae tat se ongradinretiows By the methods outlined previously, we have found ‘that the pressure drop for the 100-foot length of the pipe= Tine is AP yoy = 1.92 psi, From Table 1, we determine the equivalent pipe length for the 6:in'leng-radius elbow as 10 ft, and for flow ‘through a 6-in tee as 10 ft Hence, for this piping system, wwe get: ‘Actual fength mA 6 long-radius elbows: 6X 10 0 2 flow-through tex 2 10= 208 Equivatent pipe length 158.8 Using these ata in. 19, we finds ‘P= 192054/10) = 304 ps . The eonversion between equivalent pipe length and the resistance coefficient, K, can be calculated from K There is no shoricut to graphic piping design. Pipe ‘configurations have to be drawn or sketched in con- sidcrable detail so that equivalent lengihs of piping, fidings and other components contributing tothe res ance of uid ow ean be accurately added. ‘The next article of this series will appear in the Feb. 3, 1975 issue, and will review measurement of fow ith orifices and flow nozzles. # SANUARY 6, 1875/CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGDISEPROSA °° Céteuios Hidrdutcos Aesistances of Elbows; Tees and Bends ~ Taba Resistance of Eecenttc and Concentric (Resistance in equivalent pipe length) : Reducets, And of Sudden Changs in est Line Size - Table It Sie [tt ‘Resistance in equivelet pipe length, ft) “| er Eee Sit” tag. Thaugh| fiewe |o--T Reducior Nominal fas, Radin ranch | Tau > = Scio eeiga|aeeo [asiao ade | EP) | sis oS | «tes I => tn Be ae » Ba | « : 2s Se wf] BS. EE 3s $ 47s 8 5 ab 88 8 He [A Ca YL a7 $s eas so 18 08 7a ea aie % 18 10 [ees a er ; TE 7 O89 waa ee 2 7 22 13 A E wow a ae ae ee | Fc * Far 45° elbows and bends, estimate 50% of tbuled values = 3 3 Foc 180° returns dovble te tabulated values 1 iat a § i + 4 4 . 7 oS 2 7 ma 7 7 ‘ ss a Resistancos of Horizontal and Vertical a 35 Its and Outs ~ Tate WW oT 6 6 (Resistance inequivalent pipe length f) Lee Cy re 14 iz fressanes | > 7 : : ors és Reine Testa | k-a7e | K-08 | kan Eee Nonral |, Ta a a Pine Se | SE bl [et— | - " it e - it | in Vogl To] : ! => Succiin pe %oi a ater ar ree oe % a ss Tos «Ls Eel eee [acerca acre 2 ist 8 1a a mn 7 T 7 FN I 0 3g 3 16 | 9s 98 ws ig o 2 Ce 10 5 f wT 8 aa | a ee 18 @ i é e138 a t io @ {#8 is 12 [a 18 L 14 3 zz 1¢_| 1001 781 a0 & a0 0181 107 1 8 H ‘Nueva instalacién de Almacenamiento de C.L.H. en Len. ic