Economic/2A

Standards
STANDARD 7: Explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first
half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it.

Describe the construction of the Eerie Canal, the rise of New York City and the development of
the nations infrastructure.
Explain the impact of the industrial revolution as seen in Eli Whitneys invention of the cotton gin
and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets.
Explain () the issue of slavery in the western states and territories.
Explain () territorial expansion ().

Narrative:
All of this westward expansion and growth throughout the country developed a stable economy. A
National Road was built to connect the countrys many new pieces together, and it included turnpikes
which collected tolls. The Eerie Canal and Hudson River used Steamboats to ship and trade goods,
making New York City was bigger than it had ever been. This period of time in history is known as the
Industrial Revolution. Machines were now doing the work of men faster and more efficiently. More was
being produced in America than ever before, and the Tariff of 1816 encouraged citizens to buy America.
In the north, there became a labor system known as the family system, where entire families were
employed by the same factory. In Massachusetts, there was a system called the Lowell system where
young girls would work in a factory and send money home to their family. Sectionalism began due to the
industrial and developing north opposed to the less developed and agricultural south. However, inventions
transformed both sides of the country. In the south, Eli Whitney had invented the cotton gin and
interchangeable parts, and there were even more agricultural inventions, such as the plow and the reaper
which quickened agricultural production and output. Slavery was also still very strong in the south, which
also played a part in American sectionalism. In the west, slavery was an issue decided by popular
sovereignty, but many people traveled west in search of new treasures. Groups known as Forty-niners
traveled west to find their share of fortune when the California Gold Rush occurred and Mountain Men
searched for fur in the Rockies.
Terms:
Turnpike
Eerie Canal
Interchangeable Parts
Lowell Girl
Labor Union
American System
Mountain Men
Forty-niners
Gadsden Purchase

National Road
Industrial Revolution
Mexican American War
Tariff of 1816
Cotton Gin
Santa Fe Trail
California Gold Rush
Tariff of Abominations
Sectionalism

Political/2A
Standards
SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and
westward expansion.

Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding suffrage, the rise of popular political culture and the
development of American nationalism.
Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics ()
Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states rights ideology, include the role of
John C. Calhoun and the development of sectionalism.
Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso.
Explain how the Compromise of 1850 arose out of territorial expansion and population growth.

Narrative:
While the United States was growing more and more powerful, the last thing they wanted was
Europe coming over and becoming an obstacle. The Monroe Doctrine was a stop sign to Europe to stop
them from interfering in any affairs in any America, whether it be North, South, or Latin. With John
Adams as president, he pressured Spain to give up Florida with the Adams-Onis treaty, which they
agreed to. Politics were also sculpted by the Supreme Court with different rulings that strengthened the
government. In Marbury vs. Madison, the conclusion was that federal law always trumps state law.
When Andrew Jackson was elected president, he ran on the movement of providing greater rights for the
common man, known as the Jacksonian Democracy. He extended suffrage to all white men, even if
they didnt own property. After being elected as a fellow common man, he left office with the nick name
King Andrew due to his spoils system. He also found the Nullification Crisis with South Carolina
treasonous, and when the state threatened to secede, he threatened to send 50,000 troops to fight them.
He eventually compromised and lowered the tax resulting from the Tariff of 1828, which was called the
Tariff of Abomination by many southerners. Jackson also relocated Native Americans with the Trail of
Tears, even after Congress deemed it unconstitutional. The President also vetoed legislation that was
needed to keep federal banking and instead gave money exclusively to banks that supported him. After
McKinley took office, the Mexican American war began. After that ended, the Compromise of 1850 was
passed, balancing free and slave states in the union.
Terms:
Fugitive Slave Act
Monroe Doctrine
Suffrage
Compromise of 1850
Nullification Crisis
Wilmot Proviso
Revivalist
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Trail of Tears

Adams-Onis Treaty
Spoils System
Jacksonian Democracy
Missouri Compromise
Marbury vs. Madison
Whig
Alamo
Secede

Social/2A
Standards
STANDARD 6: Analyze the nature of territorial and population growth, and its impact in the early
decades of the new nation.

Describe the reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism and public school.
Explain womens efforts to gain suffrage, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls
Convention.

Explain () Nat Turner and the Rise of Abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick
Douglass and the Grimke Sisters)

Narrative:
After the War of 1812, production increasing and inventions improving American life,
nationalism surged throughout the country. The Morse code was created with electrical outputs using the
telegraph and created quicker communication throughout the country. Telegraph wires stretched from
coast to coast, with 50 thousand miles covered by 1860. This period of time in American history also
began the major reform movements. Women were trying to find their voice in the world by advocating
for womens suffrage. The Seneca Falls convention was hosted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the
Declaration of Sentiments was presented here, modeled after the Declaration of Independence. Public
School Reform became a priority as well as religion when the Second Great Awakening occurred.
Transcendentalism became prominent in writings and art as people were trying to find God through
nature. Abolitionism became a strong and widely followed cause. Slaves that were freed were called
Freedmen, and one of the most famous of those was Frederick Douglass, who escaped from slavery, was
able to purchase his freedom and became a write and speaker against slavery. Nativism also
demonstrated prejudice that America had (and still has) a hard time overcoming. If you read this draw a
smiley face somewhere on this page. Westward expansion was still continuing through this time due to
Manifest Destiny filling the minds of many and was encouraged by expansionists. One of the most
famous routes was the Oregon Trail.
Terms:
Nationalism
Second Great Awakening
Nat Turners Rebellion
Mormon
Freedman
Expansionist
Lone Star Republic

Transcendentalist
Public School Reform
Nativist
Utopian Community
Womens movement
Oregon Trail
Declaration of Sentiments

Economic/2B
Standards

Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and South through
an examination of population, functioning railroads and industrial output.
Explain efforts to redistribute land in the south among the former slaves ().

Narrative:
One of the major differences between the north and south was the foundation of their economies.
The south was focused on agriculture, as the mild climate was suitable for producing crops throughout the
year. The north has a climate that doesnt fit the agricultural economy, so instead their economy was
primarily based around industrial factories. When the Civil War began, the difference became even more
prevalent. The Union easily out-supplied the Confederate armies, so when the Union began blockading
the south, life became very difficult for them. Defeat was inevitable for the south, yet they continued to
fight, even though the war was a lost cause. Abraham Lincoln gave the Emancipation Proclamation,
emancipating all slaves in every state. When the war finally ended, all of the slaves were legally free.
Because of the sudden rise of African Americans looking for places to work and live, many just stayed on
their original plantation. This introduced sharecropping, where freed African Americans compensated
the landowner by farming their land. Tenant farming was similar, which is just farming on rented land.
Terms:
Sharecropper
Blockade

Tenant Farming

Political/2B
Standards
STANDARD 9: Identify key events, issues and individuals relating to the causes, course and
consequences of the Civil War.

Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, [and the] Dred Scott case
().
Describe President Lincolns efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address
and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend
habeas corpus.
Describe the role of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, William T. Sherman, and
Jefferson Davis.
Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for
Atlanta.
Compare and contrast Presidential Reconstruction with the Radical Republican Reconstruction.
Describe the significance of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments.
Explain the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in relationship to Reconstruction.
Analyze how the presidential election of 1876 and the subsequent Compromise of 1877 marked
the end of Reconstruction.

Narrative:
The Civil War began after sectionalism made sparks and eventually turned into a fire between the
Northeast and the Southeast. The Union fell when South Carolina seceded and the southern states
followed. It was a matter of states rights (for keeping slavery legal in the south) and the economic
disparity between the industrial north and agricultural south. The Union had blockade runners and their
Anaconda Plan, and the south sought after foreign support, preserved their army and scouted. It seemed
like a fair fight at first, but the north greatly out supplied the south, which eventually led to their demise.
Before that, there were five battles that are worth noting: the First Bull Run, which demonstrated that the
north and south both had powerful armies; the Battle of Antietam, which was the bloodiest day in the war
leaving 23,000 soldiers dead, not as many as the Battle of Fredericksburg, however, which was the
deadliest; the Battle at Gettysburg scared the Confederates off Union soil; and lastly, Shermans March to
Sea. Throughout this time, President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed the emancipation of all slaves in the
United States with the Thirteenth Amendment, and habeas corpus was suspended. Jefferson Davis was
the leader of the Confederacy with General Robert E. Lee, who eventually surrenders to the Union.
Reconstruction is necessary following the war, and Abraham Lincoln sticks with his With malice
towards none, with charity for all quote and decides to turn the other cheek for the sake of the
Confederate leaders. The radical Republican Congressional Plan confiscated southern land and distributed
it between Freedmen. When Lincoln is assassinated, Andrew Johnson steps in. He is later impeached for
violating the Tenure of Office Act.

Terms:
Kansas-Nebraska Act
States Rights
Proclamation of 1863
Fifteenth Amendment
Gettysburg Address
Reconstruction
1876 Pres. Election
Know Nothings
Republican Party

Popular Sovereignty
Secession
Thirteenth Amendment
Impeach
Habeas Corpus
Radical Republican
Lincolns 2nd In. Add.
Anaconda Plan
Copperhead

Dred Scott vs. Sanford

Emancipation
Fourteenth Amendment
Freedmens Bureau
Presidential Reconstruction
Andrew Johnsons Impeachment
Harpers Ferry
Civil Rights Act of 1866

Social/2B
Standards
STANDARD 10: Identify legal () and social dimensions of Reconstruction.

Explain Black Codes, the Ku Klux Klan, and other forms of resistance to racial equality during
Reconstruction.

Narrative:
Bleeding Kansas illustrated the sectionalism that divided the American population,
specifically referring to slavery. Kansas was a border state and contained groups who were pro-slavery
along with abolitionists, and for two years the groups violently fought, until Kansas eventually became a
free state. Following the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation, slaves were technically free.
However, African Americans were not given all of their civil rights and liberties. When Black Codes
were passed in southern states and the Ku Klux Klan was formed, the prejudice and violence continued.
However, many African Americans still made it a goal to become educated. There was a black learning
institute in Augusta, Georgia that was later moved to Atlanta and renamed Morehouse College. Another
direct result of the Civil War was the undeniable hostility that the north and south had towards each other.
The battling might have ceased, but the bias was still strong. Northerners who moved south following the
civil war were called carpetbaggers and southerners that moved northward were called scalawags.
Terms:
Black Codes
Scalawag
Morehouse College
Bleeding Kansas

Carpetbagger
Sectionalism
Ku Klux Klan
Underground Railroad