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  • Energythermoregulationartifact

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    Loss of order or free energy flow results in death. Living systems do not violate the second law of thermodynamics. Energy input must exceed free energy lost to entropy to maintain order.

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    energythermoregulationartifact

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    Loss of order or free energy flow results in death. Living systems do not violate the second law of thermodynamics. Energy input must exceed free energy lost to entropy to maintain order.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    14 просмотров5 страниц

    Energythermoregulationartifact

    Загружено:

    api-300738786
    Loss of order or free energy flow results in death. Living systems do not violate the second law of thermodynamics. Energy input must exceed free energy lost to entropy to maintain order.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 5

    Summary:

    Essentialknowledge2.A.1:Alllivingsystemsrequireconstantinputoffreeenergy.
    a.Liferequiresahighlyorderedsystem.
    1.Orderismaintainedbyconstantfreeenergyinputintothesystem.
    2.Lossoforderorfreeenergyflowresultsindeath.
    3.Increaseddisorderandentropyareoffsetbybiologicalprocessesthatmaintainor
    increaseorder.
    b.Livingsystemsdonotviolatethesecondlawofthermodynamics,whichstatesthatentropy
    increasesovertime.
    1.Orderismaintainedbycouplingcellularprocessesthatincreaseentropy(andsohave
    negativechangesinfreeenergy)withthosethatdecreaseentropy(andsohavepositive
    changesinfreeenergy).2.Energyinputmustexceedfreeenergylosttoentropyto
    maintainorderandpowercellularprocesses.3.Energeticallyfavorableexergonic
    reactions,suchasATP>ADP,thathaveanegativechangeinfreeenergycanbeusedto
    maintainorincreaseorderinasystembybeingcoupledwithreactionsthathavea
    positivefreeenergychange.
    c.Energyrelatedpathwaysinbiologicalsystemsaresequentialandmaybeenteredatmultiple
    pointsinthepathway.
    d.Organismsusefreeenergytomaintainorganization,growandreproduce.
    1.Organismsusevariousstrategiestoregulatebodytemperatureandmetabolism.
    Endothermy(theuseofthermalenergygeneratedbymetabolismto
    maintainhomeostaticbodytemperatures)
    Ectothermy(theuseofexternalthermalenergytohelpregulateand
    maintainbodytemperature)
    Elevatedfloraltemperaturesinsomeplantspecies
    2.Reproductionandrearingofoffspringrequirefreeenergybeyondthatusedfor
    maintenanceandgrowth.Differentorganismsusevariousreproductivestrategiesin
    responsetoenergyavailability.
    Seasonalreproductioninanimalsandplants
    Lifehistorystrategy(biennialplants,reproductivediapause)
    3.Thereisarelationshipbetweenmetabolicrateperunitbodymassandthesizeof
    multicellularorganismsgenerally,thesmallertheorganism,thehigherthemetabolic
    rate.
    4
    .Excessacquiredfreeenergyversusrequiredfreeenergyexpenditureresultsinenergy
    storageorgrowth.
    5.Insufficientacquiredfreeenergyversusrequiredfreeenergyexpenditureresultsinloss
    ofmassand,ultimately,thedeathofanorganism.

    h.FreeenergybecomesavailableformetabolismbytheconversionofATP>ADP,whichis
    coupledtomanystepsinmetabolicpathways.
    Essentialknowledge2.C.1:Organismsusefeedbackmechanismstomaintaintheirinternal
    environmentsandrespondtoexternalenvironmentalchanges.
    a.Negativefeedbackmechanismsmaintaindynamichomeostasisforaparticularcondition
    (variable)byregulatingphysiologicalprocesses,returningthechangingconditionbacktoits
    targetsetpoint.
    Temperatureregulationinanimals
    Essentialknowledge2.C.2:Organismsrespondtochangesintheirexternalenvironments.
    a.Organismsrespondtochangesintheirenvironmentthroughbehavioralandphysiological
    mechanisms.
    Shiveringandsweatinginhumans

    Artifact:


    Standardslearned:2.A.1.a.132.A.1.b.132.A.1.d.152.A.2.h.

    Reflection:

    Thisworksheetwasveryhelpfulbecauseithelpedmedecipherbetweenendergonic
    andexergonicreactionsthatIcanthenapplytoGibbsFreeEnergy.Ithoughtitwasa
    worthwhileaceticcitybecauseitgavemetwochoicesandIhadtodecidewhetherit
    pairedwiththeendergonicorexergonicprocesssoIwasabletogainsomemore
    informationoneachinsteadofjustabasicdefinition.Thenthesecondhalfofthe
    worksheethadmeusetheGibbsfreeenergyequationtocalculatetheamountoffree
    energywhengivenentropyandenthalpy.Soitallowedformorepracticeonanequation
    andvariablesthatIknewsomewhataboutandthenlabelthemexergonicorendergonic
    basedontheworksheetthatIdidbefore.Istillstrugglewiththedifferencebetween
    entropyandenthalpy,Ialwaysmixthemup.Iknowthatoneisthemeasureof
    randomnessandtheotheristhetotalamountofenergyinasystembutIjustconfuse
    thenamessincethey'resimilar.

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