Exam

III AnatomyandPtrysiology spring09

All multiple droice and fill-in-the-blank guestions Lpt each unless otherwise noted

-3L

L) Functions of the blood indude

A) bodydefense.
B) transport of nutrients and wastes. --'
C) restricting fluid loss.
D) regulation o{_pH and electrolyte concentration of interstitial fluids- E) all ofthe abovb ,

'*-.F---

2) Each of the following statements conceming red blood cells (erythrocytes) is true EXCEPT one. Identify the

excqrtion
A) Red blood cells lack mitochondria.-''
B) Redbloodcells are biconcave diss."
C) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin.'-

.@alargenudeus'

E) Red blood cells are specialized for carrying oxygen.

3) Type AB blood co-ntains

t-q.-.-;\)*qq!ggry {_gifBon the red blood cells.

'-'

qganEgensift+trspMaa
D) arrtiborlies A and B en4rere*blo'fu1s.
,E} A-antibodies-ortheired -btoodcefls,

4) The r.ybiteblood-cells that are important in producing antibodies are the

'
' B) neutrophils.
C) basophils.

D) monocytes.
E) eosinophils.
5) The togse-fifting sae aroesd the heart is lined by the

<$-Pgg"I!:g*diu-l

B) parietal endocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) myocardium.

6) Blood is carried away from the heart by

A) veins.
B) lymphatic vessels

{ggteqr$''
D) capillaries.
7) Tle.qtrioventricular valve that is located on the side of the heart that receives the superior vena cava is the

valveaodic-se*nilunar
valve.
_!)
q-F#nqhlnysernilunar valve.

!!/tricuspid

,-

@.--Elnitral{ndve.

8) The three layer of the heart wall are the

A).-artericileins, and capillaries.

5-{epicardium, hyoea4dium,

and endocardium.

;smb<ttr;-andcardiac.

-ClGFffi
D) visceral,

parietal, and fibrous.

E) none ofthe above

9) The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the

heart

(3pts)

1. right atrium
2.left atrium

3.tightventricle
left ventride

z: i?.]q
) I ')

4-

b'

A Li [o

5. vena cavae

6. aorta
7.
8.

pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins

What is the correct order for the flow of blood

e@lagfom

a_
1

the systenric circulation?

^.
(--y

cl
I

10) The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the

A) venae cavae.
B) aorta.

C) pulmonarytrunk
D,)-at+ia-- - _

'q::*sg->

11) The following are various componerts of the conducting system of the heart. ( 2pts)
1- Purkinje cells

2.
3.

AVbundle (bundle of His)

AVnode

4. SA node

,/\

5. bundle branches

The sequence in which an action potential would move through thi" system is

L[

\!<5c>r

jLt

12) Depolqiz4tigqof the ygngicles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

A)

P wave.
B) Swave.

PRcQgplex.
<=BSJ=yya:gd'
E)'QRScomplex.

tt:'"'
a (',- i/.,(

13) The cardiac output is equal to

A) the diEference between the stroke volume at rest and the stroke volume during exercise.
B) the stroke volume less the systolic volume_$):lre produetOf heart rate and blood pressure.
rate and stroke volume'"-T) the diEference between the diastolic volume and the systolic volume.

. -6i",g"i9dodtr*"

14) According to the Frank-Starling's law of the heart, fhe cardiac output is directly related to
A) the heart rate.
B) the amount of blood in the circulatory system-

:fthg

-veno.gs*rqE1qlr-':>+--*
D) thesizeof theventride.

E) the thickness of the myocardium.

L5) Cardiac output would be greatest when

. A) tesrnginbed;'
*::

B) the vagus nerve is sending many impulses.

e)
-"-TI@asympatfttic
-sJElpa{iEti,estipulation of the heart increases.
stimulation of the heart increases.

!6) U.utt-uAves open and dose because of

A) treCrt contractions.
/

y5

the following statements about the absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle cells is true? I
i
A) It lasts almost as long as the resultant period of contraction of the cells
B) It is mudr longer than the refractoryperiod of skeletal musde cells
C) It allows for tetanic contractions of the heart to occw to assure smooth, coordinated ejection of blood from

*^of

/
'

,,..\th" ventrides
I D).Foth A and-B

\e/nil

are true

of the chiiies are true

18) The cardioinhibitory center in the medulla controls activities of the

A) preganglionic

.,

B)parecyunpe_thS$t

$po;tgangtio*c
D) ganglionic
E) sympathetic
19) The "Lub Dupp" heart sounds are caused by
A) the firing of action poterrtials by the SA and AV nodes
B) the rapid ejection of blood into the large arteries

C) atrial and ventricular contraction

D) ggdgq_ineot hea;d valves

neurons.

\
i

'

20) WhiAtrdoesrllQiflrandr off the aorta?

,-aj+"f-o"""y uttli'-'.,t ,-, r 1S

@artery
_Cltmavian

l-

artery
D) bradriocephalic artery

-The

blood vessels that play the most important role in the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure are the

-A) arteries.
B) veins.

AcaPillaries.

( Dlrterioles.

-f)

venules.

22) Normallp the hydrostatic presstrre diifference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid favors movsment of
fluid (into/out of) the capillary. The osmotic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid
favors movernnt of fluid (into/out of) the capillary.

A) Into; into
B) [rto; out of
C) Out of; out of

})trtoc@L
with
A) increased cardiac output.

23) Blood pressure increases

B) increased blood volume.

C) increased peripheral resistance.

P)-B-and-Cony.
(rt
all of the above -.
Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue EXCEPT one. Identify the
exception.

l:.

-iliffreased

vessel diameter

-B@dbloodvolume

25) Cardiovascular functions are regulated by all of the following factors EXCEPT one. Choose the exception.

^ ----$ducos.econeeqtration

l\.-+!--Y-

l-lHlerrd6ffie
1I

lectors

-a-yenousrea,*n
D)-neur+laeors

26) Which of the followingis greater?

_A)irenqryil blood volume of the arterial system

,:Ilthelgg1atblood
volume of the venous system

-------.-

Z/VirXhas

,/
.:-

tumor that causes her to secrete excess amounts of the hormone-;LD*H- Fecause of the elevated level

I
,) ,"

of horrnone, she exhibits

A) increased blood preszureB) incre4qg{- blood volume.

---=-Q.

i1l.

F.
'

incrggggC peripheral vasoconstriction.

DIA

andB only

ffilof
\J

the above

28) Which of the following is the top number in a blood pressure reading?
A) pulse presflrre
pressure
r-:*-- Bl svstolic

--

q= aiastofia-pressure
D) blood osrnotic Presstre
E) mean arterial pressure

29) The vessels that permit exchange of materials between the cells and the blood are termed

--X)-Capf,larid:1

:.

".-'-B) veins.
C) arterioles.

t i)

;;;;;;;;7
E)

bt\ *.n

arteries.-'

a capillary bed increases in blood

flow due to locally high carbon diofde levels, it is caused by

@.rtoi"guluuott.

\ay'4doster.one.
.--d int"r.3,lJ-r!ar cheriiicdp.
mechaniJms.
D)
"nao..i"e
.

E) neural mechanisms.

31) The pulse point on the wrist is on

the

artery.

A) ulnar

*-)*rachi*=-*=jB'4a"r>
**DM^
.*-Ehlia.
32) The lymphatic system is composed of

A) lymphnodes.
B) lymphatic vessels.
C) thespleen.
D) AandBorrly
<J)d-sf Sqebpvs-:,
system indude all of the following EXCEPT
of tissrieTfui*
of lymphocytes-:
return of solutes from peripheral tissues to the blood."
cells/
O,f t uttrport of hormones from their tissue of origin to

Functions -oJtbe

,S
(
-ej

balplatic

*o.,iior and filter ly*ph

#MlnSet

7
34) The red

pgp_g.$e spleen contains large numbers of

/ffia-crophages-- :
ffiauooac=ns. kJ antibodies.
D) neutrophils.
E) lymphocytes.

35) Stem cells that will form T cells are modified in the
A) kidneys.
B) bonem.urow.

C) liver.

D) spleen.
( ,EifiEItB-.->
-l=+**

36) Functions of the respiratory systern indude

A) helping maintain normal blood pH
an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.
respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
A and Conly
ofthe above
37) Thecorrunon passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

I Slotti".
D) larynx.
38) Tl]gd{atls of the alveoli are composed of

(ef!it"pl.

squarnous epithelium. \By'reticular connective tissue.

C) stratifiedepithelium.

<_

pseudostratift Ed epithelium.
E"nnective tissue.

- -E)Gos"
-_DJ

39) The trachea

A) is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

B) is reinforced with C-shaped caftilages.'/
C) contains manymucous glands. '
D) AllqB-,o_4y_ ,_
, }.dl of the abo_v_g--:
''<----

40) The force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the

A)- asqesolyi abdominal musdes.

astic recoil of lung tissue and the lowering of the thoracic cage.
bxtemal intercostal musdes.
E) smooth musdes in the airways.

' ii

alveolar ductsl-

D) pleural spaces.
E) brondrioles.
42) The primary drive to breath is elicited by whidr of the following:

A) reduced PO,
B) reduced PCOr.
C) increased PCQ:.

a3) Whig! of the

followitg-{g;

because of the dead air space in the passageways?

-/- rA)-Th-ea+bondioxide-lwe1 in the lunp is always higher than in the atrnosphere.

F:/ { qme@ffi.ve a complete exchange with fresh air every cycle.
I The carbon dioxide level in the lunp is always lower than in the atmosphere.
- D) Air exchange is more comPleteE) all ofthe above

and volume

45) Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

A) in ionic form as solute in the plasma.
\ - B) bound to hemoglobin.

-q carri;dEy *trite

ttood cells.
D) dissolved in plasma.
E) bound to plasma proteins

tt6) HyLerventilation may cause

(A)Daecrease in blood carbon diofde concentration and an increase in pH.
_E)an-ingqese in blood carbon dioxide concentration and an decrease ir, pH.
t--9:o frsf9"ee_ii.blood carbon dioxide concentration and an increase i. pH.
D) a decrease in blood carbon dioxide concentration and a drop i. pH.
E) none of the above
quiet breathing
A) inspiration and expiration are both passive processes.
B) inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions.
Q-inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.
@)|spiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

-Vlg!._of

the abovE'

7
48) Which of the following factors would increase the .rmourrt of o-xygen discharged by hemoglolin to peripheral
tissues?

A) deaeased ternperature

('Q deceased PlLr

-Tfrone 6flhe above
E) all of the above
49) If a student inhales as deeply as possible and then blows the air out until he/she cannot exhale any more, the
amount of air expelledwould be his/her
volume.
3)

--

,"rygdl"rylTerYe
B) minimal volume.
C) tidalvolume.
tory rese rve volume.
-Q)o!.qrspira

/ flitacapacity.
\--/

50) For each pair listed below indicate which

is greater: (2pts)

--62 in alvenm4 or PO2 in blood entering pulmonary

PO2ininterstitiat fluid
_@E*'tg4b1iod-,or
-foli.-"'teiilE6oail intarcriaal4uid

capillaries

*:iEOt

pc1linalveolus ot@onarycapillaries

51) Which of the following statements regarding the transport of CO2 in blood is true?
A) Some of the CO2 in blood is dissolved in plasma
--Bl$orrre<tfdrc CO2 in blood is boundto hemoglobin
,:--rc*!f,mA-bT*r9 CO2 in blood is dissolved in the cytosol of erythrocytes
the CO2 in blood is converted to bicarbonate

of the above
52) The structure which doses off the larynx is the
A) tongue

@4D
pharnyx

C)
D) adam's apple
E) vocal cords

53) The superior chambers of the heart are

called

?-.Nr

and the inferior chambers are the

,r-tzf [r rc \ t 1

Wn " contraction

phase of the cardiac cyde is called

55) Carbon dioxide, pH, and oxygen levels in blood are monitored by receptors called
56) Each cardiac muscle cell is bound to its neighboring cells at sites

called

dril
t",)

A ,n .'
\tr n c

7
57) The amount of blood the heart pumps in one contraction is the

\ 1.",, v ,
.J

58) Blood flowing out of a capillary bed first enters vessels called

r/ -, i, , "-,', o

e/l L! \(

:i.

vetrols

-, l'u , i:Jt '-,

-"l|oglth'c'
,{g\
"

&ain fluid from the interstitial

/'-.-----

50) Theconditionknownas hardeningof thearteriesor

formation of faftyplaques in the lining of arteries.

;aftnetonsttsareanexample"n

j4ff,r"lungs

are surrounded bv

trtflt

r. r.1.

.,'

ndes

.(Zwords)

ile*rrJ
mernbranes.

and

54) The volume of ,air moved into or out of the

.'trr{t-z , ., ls,- /,--,,,-''-'*\ischaracterizedbythe

the +";+r-t'++'. I

63) Respiration is controlled by the pons

4 ,r{

spaces back into the general circulation.

,nC

.{- i I ..

lunp during

ir{rnl

i\

,f {

of the brain stem.

quiet respiration is known as

gi:f:.by W"II alveorar *n .

f,rar

CtL!'l F

decreases surface tension and makes lung inflation

66) Air enters the superior end of the trachea through an opening called the

"

7
Figure

lL5

The Sectional Analorny of the Hart

D
E

H
I

-!

K
L

Itsing

the

figtre abwe, identifu

67) Label.L.

the laheled

pmt.

(1'/2 pt each)

ill",. t u

tt,nr*y,rl
n',

70)

LabelI:

/4{;^1,
72')LabelK:

i_-t,r ,-.,

rii,

?qliiiqr'l ta^'oi' '

I i),r

j'
i/ e' ' ri,

. i.. lv

L,r'ra li

10

fi lYw*k,-r&r sqh^

73) Label L: 74)

LabelM:

75)

LabelN:

'--.!
t
J,1 Y r/'
i,/

il

t.,f

nrrl

ri
78)Labelgs
,

\ l
r\.!

,\t

\.','A Ii' 'd

A

76)LabelotW -'\',, .'t

t\ a

i, ,,,., " lir,- i.^ 17t (

\rr-^,

.-l

li ri.t. \
77\LabelQ:
________17

L.
I
/1(-(

.\

/ I,l-r''''^
r'
fl1, ,
I

,,.

--------1-i-

1/
)',"- -.
79\LabellJ'
.
-------------1--

V<nti

Figure

1ru'(

19-l

Tbe Cornponents of lht Rcspiratory S-vstem

Frontal sinus

il-e

.E
-F
i!

't

':l
':.1

:1
it-i.l

,\

Using the figure abooe, identifu the labeled pmt. (1/2 pt each)
80) Label

Br L-)qr"
11

1-:-.
(1,

C' ?h.i.n^n, lAflAV

I

K^o
,/ .

Tr"l A<d

82)

Labeln

84)

LabelF, B rcr-

c.i,,,lr:i ( t -lr.r*

ft^*,c.uw;Te
86) Label

8z)

l; L)

}, , l.-

^,- , rilZo ,f.,i.

Labelj: ?."1

83) LabelIC
8e)

a \a

?n r\

-.

^Jr,

Labelr, Al u e,,

-L;rrlq

ia" \a,

Slrort answer questions (3pts eactr)

91) Explain the significance of the thickness of the left ventricular

-1\'r.-r-

\-$

,.<o'',V,cl.

ts.--t

wall

r-c"\>:< Lie F ?.-rlD,^\

)-r-rey. c +h-{ u-r!l\
{ ,\'

c,,i\ars s\\10,,l,. u";\.4

*f ,.\rr lhth-t\ ritf { +* ,'S 't"'f' 'c"..(.v *.'10 +\)
g a*k,ra re5'5i&rc-{)rtSSr,..o .t. c1e-r*,"'tu tft..t

q dsc,cl d,

+l^u

,-X V 5.'t:*ia'1'cl/,
yt*rAL '"t"\L
U

92) Name two differences in the structure of arteries and veins.

r{t-,,n5 novL <t -r..-il.. tL,,n*-. loq-. J grr',"c*L -..oJt lLtatt

(',rl,-l.nt D. *+* *u, th
Ef k r* , da *-t vlz-o5 alp hdyt ,iC |
^["^,
,.,
b. *ht trJsud ,f\,
C

\t.-

l-/'

12

93) what cardiovascular changes occur due to stimulation of baroreceptors?

-3

%) Why is the pattem of breathing using higher frequen"y and shallow depth less efficierrt in terms of gas
exdrange than a pattern of deeper breathing at a lower freguency?

^
$", '\3\c'11q, "$',r\lo.--,r b...#.: cln ,n((tu,r-.,,1, ,) ,'-l & b,,ni ,r\ ,n o iAtt,
ti-tnl:,- *'h.t d
n-'J,,," { "\t c:-/u.p,\ --v .V-* lL-t,r$ b, +(-c "S d**.J h, },r i.
i.-'r).,' irrrg !,,1'-L J-,.,\(
',1,.
1-h
r\,1rXrn ,s +hsrc i'i nul
Tll,",_t1,4
t1{1 "\n,
p,.1,.11'r'.[.'', Y^< {ri'.: i,i\-,^ l.^ a ([,, .,,\
ar.r h rr,cll ,16\l/". I.,lj
}u*,-,

$. rt,,,*, b-t,r];ni w ll 'ntl e',( ctr,i lL, : t. i.)t?. ,\ 6:, n'-r L.c h 1"4*'' d
'ry t
3.{l^,n; ,) r* $.- J,ac{,^:vr- r1'? c, t @ff$ dC : 4,rt 4".^ Ca-Soa ,. h,

,qL*

'.^^$

b,.

k;l*.d

,..{v,t.

A.nl

95) Describehowdremoreceptorsarestimulatedandhowtheyinfluenceventilation?

C1rs-r',.,-tcopl'rs rt,unrJ.r !-{* \q^,t-ls

(c. \r.- \,ur,cin, } i-\ .?,r.c{
{
rn7t7.-, , n t-i-n- Ds; cl" t-^j*r h** .:iA],. h A S b<.<- r, .t- s!^ n .lrc61
\)i"'()i @'
,^ #^r { ln-r -\ iL*-:{ l<wtlq Y-{.-. rtcpc}l".r
*r''q
ci 's'J-;h*'.' a''d
Y^" .ja-"* ,ndur'nl ,'/i, fo",.. 'h' (^tn)ttrrc'*

_a\ V<_
|r.Y

.,

Lr-r-,'r'i.r.s

)l t5' :.

t3