BAB III

NERACA MASSA
1. Neraca massa reaktor
reaksi
NaNO3 + H2SO4 ---------> NaHSO4 + HNO3
basis =
100 kg NaNO3
BM NaNO3 =
85 kg/kgmol
Reaktan :
NaNO3 masuk reaktor
komponen
kadar (%)
massa (kg) masuk (kmol)
NaNO3
98
98 1.1529411765
H2O
2
2 0.0235294118
Total
100
100 1.1764705882
konversi
NaNO3 reaksi =
NaNO3 sisa =
H2SO4 yang diumpankan
H2SO4 masuk =
=
H2SO4 reaksi =
H2SO4 sisa =
kadar H2SO4 =
kada air dalam H2SO4 =
H2O dalam H2SO4 =

97 %
1.1411764706
0.0352941176 =

1.1764705882
115.29411765
1.1411764706
111.83529412
3.4588235294
93
7
8.0705882353

BM H2SO4=
kmol
kg
kmol
kg
kg
%
%
kg

3
98

produk:
NaHSO4 hasil =
1.1411764706 kmol
BM NaHSO4=
=
136.92976471 kg
HNO3 hasil =
1.1411764706 kmol
BM HNO3=
=
71.894117647 kg
H2O
H2O Total dalam reaktor = H2O dalam NaNO3 + H2O dalam H2SO4
=
2 +
=
10.070588235 kg
asumsi H2O dalam either cake =
10 %
1.0070588235 kg
H2O keluar reaktor
=
9.0635294118 kg

NERACA MASSA REAKTOR

Komponen
HNO3
NaNO3
H2SO4
NaHSO4
H2O
Total

Masuk

Keluar
Ke Separator
either cake
71.894117647

100
115.294117647

3
3.4588235294
136.92976471
10.0705882353 9.0635294118 1.0070588235
80.957647059 144.39564706
225.364705882
225.3532941176

2. Neraca Massa di Kondensor

Komposisi bahan masuk kondensor
komponen
HNO3
H2O

kg
kmol
71.8941176471 1.1411764706
9.0635294118 0.5035294118
1.6447058824

HNO3 terdekomposisi
reaksi
4HNO3 --------> 2H2O + 4NO2 +O2
asumsi HNO3 terdekomposisi sebesar =

10 %
= 7.1894117647
= 0.1141176471

HNO3 sisa = HNO3 cair - HNO3 terdekomposisi

= 64.7047058824 kg
HNO3 reaksi
=
H2O terbentuk =

0.1141176471 kmol
0.0570588235 kmol
1.0270588235 kg

NO2 terbentuk =
=

0.1141176471 kmol
5.2494117647

BM NO2 =

O2 terbentuk

0.0285294118 kmol
0.9129411765 kg

BM O2 =

=
=

H2O uap = H2O uap + H2O terbentuk

= 10.0905882353 kg

neraca massa di kondensor

komponen
masuk
HNO3
71.8941176471
H2O
9.0635294118
O2
NO2

komponen
H2O
HNO3
P operasi
T opersi
P parsial
V/L

H2O
HNO3

H2O
HNO3

keluar
64.704705882
10.090588235
0.9129411765
5.2494117647

B
29.8605
71.7653
28.5884
1
98
760
0.9

C
-3.15E+03
-4.38E+03
-2.47E+03

atm
C
mmHg
trial

D
-7.30E+00
-2.28E+01
-7.351

2.42E-09
-4.60E-03
2.80E-10

371.15 K

log P
P mmHg
K
2.8494143204 706.99170829 0.9302522477
1.3930384393 24.719429263 0.0325255648
Liq
384.814559904
0.5442985475
24.0163970714
0.9715595298

Vap
BM
322.17714838
0.4557014525
0.7030321917
0.0284404702
0.0292730083
0.837227023

63 706.99170829
1
18 24.719429263
1
0.8707269917

30.75414391

kg
kg/kgmol

119.99
63

8.0705882353

kg
kmol

46 kg/kmol

32 kg/kmol

Tmin
Tmax
1.81E-06
273.16
647.13
1.19E-05
231.55
376.1
2.74E+06

liq
34.290808491
17.488071536
51.778880028

BAB IV
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas Natrium Nitrat direncanakan
Jumlah hari kerja
Jumlah waktu kerja perhari
Kapasitas produksi Ethylene Glycol

=
=
=
=

Basis

Raw material (sumber : N K Patel)

NaNO3
H2SO4
Yield

=
=
=

Penentuan kebutuhan umpan bahan baku

NaNO3
=
4040.404040404
1000

1420

H2SO4

1638

4040.404040404
1000

Penentuan
Yield

produk
feed utama

100%

feed utama

produk
Yield

100%

Feed utama

kapas produksi
Yield
4253.0568846358

100%

limiting reaktan mula - mula = feed utama =

4253.056884636

limiting reaktan mula - mula - limiting reaktan yang bereaksi = 100% - yield
limiting reaktan yang bereaksi = limiting reaktan mula - mula + yield -100%

=
=
konversi reaksi =
=
=

4253.056884636
+
4253.006884636 kmol/jam

limiting reaktan yang bereaksi

limiting reaktan mula - mula
4253.0068846358 kmol/jam
4253.0568846358 kmol/jam
0.9999882438

Bahan Baku
Bahan
H2SO4
H2O

Kadar % ms BM
98%
2%

n (kmol)
massa (kg/)
98.07754
66.129494906 6485.818181818
18.01534
7.3472738435 132.3636363636
6618.181818182

Bahan
NaNO3
H2O

Kadar % ms BM
93%
7%

n (kmol)
massa (kg/)
84.9947 62.7775329021 5335.757575758
18.01534 22.2930103798 401.6161616162
5737.373737374

reaksi
NaNO3 + H2SO4 ---------> NaHSO4 + HNO3
1. Reaktor
Fungsi: Sebagai tempat bereaksi natrium nitrat dan asam sulfat
M4
M1
M2

M3
M1 :
M2 :
M3 :
M4 :
Berat Atom

Aliran NaNO3 masuk reaktor

Aliran H2SO4 masuk reaktor
Aliran keluar reaktor (ke Separator)
Aliran keluar reaktor (Neither Cake)

H=
C=
O=

1.00797
12.01115
15.9994

Na =
N=
S=

Basis perhitungan
Perbandingan mol NaNO3/H2SO4
Konversi reaksi
Excess H2SO4
a. Aliran komponen masuk reaktor
BM
M1
M2
Komponen
kg/kg mol
kmol/jam
kmol/jam
NaNO3
84.9947
11.7654
H2SO4
98.0775
11.7654
H2O
18.0153
22.2930
7.3473
Total
34.0584
19.1127
reaksi
M
R
S

konversi =
99.99882%
NaNO3 +
H2SO4
----->
11.7654
11.7654
11.7653
11.7653
0.0001
0.0001

(-f)

Komponen
NaNO3
H2SO4
HNO3
NaHSO4

=
=
=
=
Jumlah
11.7654394921
11.7654394921
29.6402842233
23.5309

NaHSO4 +
0.0000
11.7653
11.7653

ni limiting reactan
vi limiting reactan

Reaksi
Vi
-1
-1
1
1

11.7653011747
11.7653011747
11.7653011747
11.7653011747
total =

ASUMSI
Kadar air yang keluar M4

Masuk
ni in
11.7654
11.7654
0
0
23.5309

Keluar
ni out
0.0001383174
0.0001383174
11.7653011747
11.7653011747
23.5309

90% total H2O

neraca massa pada reaktor

Komponen
NaNO3
H2SO4

BM
84.9947
98.0775

Masuk
w in M1

Keluar
w in M2

1000
0

0
1153.93

w out M4
0
0

HNO3
NaHSO4
H2O

63.01287
120.05937
18.01534
TOTAL

0
0 741.3653934298
0
0
0
401.6161616162 132.3636363636 480.5818181818
1401.6161616162 1286.288998769 1221.9472116116
2687.9051603848
2687.9051603848

2. Separator
Fungsi: Sebagai tempat pemisahsn asam nitrat fase liquid dan asam nitrat fase gas

M4

Separator

Keterangan:
M4 :
M5 :
M6:

Aliran masuk Separator (HNO3)

Aliran keluar Separator (fase liquid)
Aliran keluar separator (fase uap)

Berat Atom
H=
C=
O=

1.00797
12.01115
15.9994

Na =
N=
S=

ASUMSI
Efisiensi Separator
Fase uap keluar separator

=
=

a. Neraca mol separator

BM
Masuk
Keluar
kg/kg mol
kmol M4
kmol M5
kmol M6
63.0129
11.7653
8.2357
3.5296
18.01534
26.676255801
18.6734
8.0029
TOTAL
38.4416
26.9091
11.5325

Komponen
HNO3
H2O

Komponen

BM

Masuk

Keluar

Komponen
HNO3
H2O

kg/kg mol
kg M4
kg M5
kg M6
63.0129
741.3654
518.9558
222.4096
18.01534 480.5818181818 336.4072727273 144.1745454545
TOTAL
1221.9472
855.3630
366.5842
1221.9472
1221.9472

3. Absorber
Fungsi: Sebagai tempat pemisahsn asam nitrat fase liquid dan asam nitrat fase gas
M7

Absorber

M6

Keterangan:
M6 :
M7 :
M8 :

M8

Aliran masuk Absorber (HNO3)

Aliran H2O masuk absorber
Aliran keluar Absorber (fase liquid)

ASUMSI
efisiensi absorber

BM
Masuk
kg/kg mol
kmol M6
kmol M7
63.0129
3.5296
18.0153
8.0029
TOTAL
11.5325

Komponen
HNO3
H2O

Keluar
kmol M8
2.4707
5.6020
8.0727

32,000
1 tahun
1 hari
32,000

ton/tahun
=
=
x

tahun

330
24
1000
ton

4040

kg/jam
1000 kg HNO3

1420 kg
1638 kg
95%

5737.3737373737 kg/jam

6618.1818181818 kg/jam

95%

100%

100%
100%

H2O total
533.9797979798 kg/jam
29.6402842233 kmol

22.9898
14.0067
32.064
1000 kg/jam NaNO3
1/
99.9988%
0%

HNO3
0
11.7653011747
11.7653011747

seharusnya pake tekanan uap

Keluar
w out M3
0.01175625
0.013565835

0
1412.5346468901
53.397979798
1465.9579487731
2687.9051603848

M6

M5

22.9898
14.0067
32.064

70%
30%

seharusnya pake tekanan uap

330
24
1000

hari
jam
x

1
330

1
24

BAB V
NERACA PANAS
reaksi
NaNO3 + H2SO4 ---------> NaHSO4 + HNO3

Komponen
NaNO3
H2SO4
HNO3
NaHSO4

Reaksi
Vi
-1
-1
1
1

10.941858728
10.941858728
10.941858728
10.941858728

Masuk
ni in
11.765439492
12.589020257
0
0

Keluar
ni out
0.8235807644
1.6471615289
10.941858728
10.941858728

1. Neraca Panas pada reaktor

Komponen
mol
Masuk
kmol
NaNO3
11.765439492
H2SO4
12.589020257

Hf
kkal/gmol
-101.54
-193.91

Hf
kkal/kmol
-101540
-193910

Komponen
mol
Keluar
kmol
HNO3
10.941858728
NaHSO4 10.941858728

Hf
kkal/gmol
-41.404
-262.2

Hf
kkal/kmol
-41404
-262200

-15.5
26.004

1.0144
7.03E-01

-4.37E-03
-1.39E-03

9.35E-06
1.03E-06

-6.13E-09
0

214.478
223.515

-7.68E-01
-9.53E-03

1.50E-03
-3.41E-05

-3.02E-07
1.58E-08

0.00E+00
0

T1 OC

T2 OC

25
25

200
200

T1 OC

T2 OC

25
25

200
200

T
175
175

T
175
175

H masuk
H total
kkal/kmol
kkal
7.26E+01 -7366387.075
1.12E+02 -21757450.26
TOTAL
-29123837.33
H keluar
H total
kkal/kmol
kkal
1.24E+02
-5148247.74
2.21E+02 -57914733.98
TOTAL
-63062981.72
H

-33939144.39

DATA eksport import international dari zauba.com

import
eksport
Jan-12
100088
Feb-12
200020
Mar-12
220564
Apr-12
240244
May-12
162244
Jun-12
360149
Jul-12
120151
Aug-12
120579
Sep-12
480325
Oct-12
260240
Nov-12
180223
Dec-12
301125
Jan-13
400213
Feb-13
160316
Mar-13
300794
Apr-13
40470
May-13
342625
Jun-13
2451
Jul-13
930
Aug-13
100147
Sep-13
300172
Oct-13
260131
Nov-13
282863
Dec-13
296
Jan-14
240815
Feb-14
140156
Mar-14
201530
Apr-14
766
May-14
360073
Jun-14
180547
Jul-14
300440
Aug-14
340192
Sep-14
100197
Oct-14
240336
2012
2013
2014

2745952
2191408
2105052

730493
746460
991595
727742
775863
771846
864013
860343
879044
866382
815897
1204801
626098
941410
1467436
898594
1114596
791188
1234772
1202624
1003989
763219
769033
1671000
1077121
1430369
1843392
1317584
1188837
1129053
1836658
1600868
1307024
1054072
10234479
12483959
13784978
tahun
2010
2011
2012

M1 =
M3 =
DATA Eksport Indonesia
Nitric Acid

DATA Import Indonesia

Nitric Acid
Table Import by Month, Year 2008
Bulan/Month

Nilai/Value (US $)

Berat/Weight (KG)

Januari/Januar
y

9 608 052 713

8 348 821 589

Pebruari/Febru
ary

9 842 865 892

8 975 081 428

Maret/March
April/April
Mei/May
Juni/June
Juli/July

10
11
11
12
12

276
646
664
110
869

652
708
174
556
784

560
019
699
910
594

8
9
8
8
8

407
332
763
681
782

307
487
040
091
228

563
726
882
282
964

Agustus/Augu
st

12 326 249 588

8 317 156 498

September/Se
ptember

11 296 068 452

8 172 480 300

Oktober/Octob
er

10 732 446 784

7 867 576 749

Nopember/No
vember

9 081 376 305

6 894 664 898

Desember/De
cember
TOTAL

7 742 369 708

129197306224.00

6 122 404 080

98664341959.00

impor
Tahun
2008
2009

Nilai/Value (US $)
129197306224.00
96829244981.00

Berat/Weight (KG)
98664341959.00
91354405895.00

2010
2011

135663284048.00
177435555736.00

110701002318.00
128221634466.00

2012

191691001109.00

136373421556.00

2013

186628669880.00

141109588134.00

ekspor
Tahun
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

Nilai/Value (US $)
137020424402.00
116510026081.00
157779103470.00
203496620060.00
190031845244.00
182551794701.00

Berat/Weight (KG)
355053970205.00
378999100814.00
478846797632.00
582219779283.00
600137346950.00
700005037290.00

% kenaikan
-7.408893546
21.177518734
15.826986008
6.3575753998
3.4729396124
7.8852252417

zauba
% kenaikan
6.74
26.35
21.59
3.08
16.64
14.88

impor

ekspor
0.1 %kenaikan
2745.952 2191.408
-0.2019496335
2105.052
-0.0394066281
-0.1206781308

16.3
1668220.077
2034885.317
2246951.414

2092.3809323159 M5
2261092.94621845

2265211.32459799

Table Import by Month, Year 2009

Bulan/Month
Januari/January
Pebruari/February
Maret/March
April/April
Mei/May
Juni/June
Juli/July
Agustus/August

Nilai/Value (US $)
6 600 569 249
5
6
6
7
7
8
9

939
554
706
641
935
683
707

043
129
761
286
474
341
302

327
163
999
552
878
932
686

September/Septembe
r
Oktober/October

8 516 603 276

9 430 126 548

Nopember/November

8 814 657 422

Desember/December

10 299 947 949

TOTAL

Nilai/Value (US $)
137020424402.00
116510026081.00
157779103470.00
203496620060.00
190031845244.00
182551794701.00

ekspor
Berat/Weight (KG)
355053970205.00
378999100814.00
478846797632.00
582219779283.00
600137346950.00
700005037290.00

96829244981.00

% kenaikan
6.7440819195
26.3451012426
21.5879028871
3.077457741
16.6408057835

%kenaikan
0.2197942856
0.1042152574
0.1620047715

M3
tahun

produksi
%kenaikan konsumsi
2010
40000 42745.952
2011
100000
1.5
102191.408
2012
100000
0
102105.052
1.5
107728.4004 M4
105702.402941211

M2

Table Import by Month, Year 2010

Berat/Weight (KG)

Bulan/Month

6 408 533 613

Januari/January

5 353 812 083

Pebruari/February

5
6
7
8
7
8
8

977
805
567
208
865
493
855

694
889
751
625
271
600
612

304
327
961
834
031
211
703

Maret/March
April/April
Mei/May
Juni/June
Juli/July
Agustus/August
September/September

9 229 601 000

7 715 424 547

Oktober/October
Nopember/November

8 872 589 281

Desember/December

91354405895.00

TOTAL

%kenaikan
1.390668665
-0.0008450417
0.6949118116

nth, Year 2010

Nilai/Value (US $)
9 490 458 938
9 498 139 407
10
11
9
11
12
12
9

972
235
980
760
625
171
654

641
788
350
001
936
550
127

400
469
088
067
085
612
469

Berat/Weight (KG)
8 244 314 490
8
8
9
8
10
9
9

087
994
322
562
011
877
643

892
268
467
152
964
129
683

289
257
216
396
480
572
306

12 120 016 599

13 007 603 335

7 218 710 612

9 386 386 703

13 146 670 579

10 544 653 530

135663284048.00

10 807 379 467

110701002318.00

Table Import by Month, Year 2011

Bulan/Month
Januari/January
Pebruari/February
Maret/March
April/April
Mei/May
Juni/June
Juli/July
Agustus/August

Nilai/Value (US $)

Berat/Weight (KG)

12 558 694 259

11
14
14
14
15
16
15

749
486
888
825
072
207
075

862
238
230
868
053
276
369

451
209
483
915
394
766
345

9 742 084 622

9
10
11
11
11
11
11

446
336
197
008
160
766
021

513
712
018
941
604
305
766

223
208
167
300
730
270
281

September/September
Oktober/October

15 169 115 540

15 533 378 964

10 048 394 239

10 411 631 977

Nopember/November

15 393 896 679

10 705 349 201

Desember/December

16 475 570 731

11 376 313 248

TOTAL

177435555736.00

128221634466.00

Table Import by Month, Year 2012

Bulan/Month
Januari/January
Pebruari/February
Maret/March
April/April
Mei/May
Juni/June
Juli/July
Agustus/August

Nilai/Value (US $)
14 554 618 780
14
16
16
17
16
16
13

866
325
937
036
727
354
813

785
662
875
735
521
450
875

109
478
721
320
763
283
810

September/September
Oktober/October

15 348 557 469

17 207 931 360

Nopember/November

16 935 009 726

Desember/December

15 581 977 290

TOTAL

191691001109.00

Table Import by Month, Year 2013

Berat/Weight (KG)

Bulan/Month

9 670 613 447

11
11
11
11
12
11
10

041
234
579
877
279
541
127

167
783
459
761
593
325
266

Januari/January

920
756
958
174
528
367
344

Pebruari/February
Maret/March
April/April
Mei/May
Juni/June
Juli/July
Agustus/August

10 806 825 885

12 379 019 206

September/September
Oktober/October

12 498 589 864

Nopember/November

11 337 015 107

Desember/December

136373421556.00

TOTAL

nth, Year 2013

Nilai/Value (US $)

Berat/Weight (KG)

15 450 235 320

11 925 159 622

15
14
16
16
15
17
13

10
11
12
12
11
13
9

313
887
463
660
636
416
012

286
075
468
559
019
991
045

233
645
844
292
963
671
835

904
018
210
610
925
229
897

690
318
318
027
604
872
645

188
050
911
739
333
058
784

15 509 774 940

15 674 021 743

11 291 921 789

12 103 233 550

15 149 325 413

11 653 190 043

15 455 864 981

12 339 606 067

186628669880.00

141109588134.00

impor
Tahun
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

Nilai/Value (US $)
$ 129,197,306,224.00
$ 96,829,244,981.00
$ 135,663,284,048.00
$ 177,435,555,736.00
$ 191,691,001,109.00
$ 186,628,669,880.00

ekspor
Berat/Weight (KG) % kenaikanNilai/Value (US $)
98664341959.00 $ 137,020,424,402.00
91354405895.00
-7.41 $ 116,510,026,081.00
110701002318.00
21.18 $ 157,779,103,470.00
128221634466.00
15.83 $ 203,496,620,060.00
136373421556.00
6.36 $ 190,031,845,244.00
141109588134.00
3.47 $ 182,551,794,701.00
7.89

nilai impor pada th 2018

M1 = jumlah tahun terakhir x (1+ kenaikan rata -rata)^selisih tahun
M1 =
206236907267.29 kg/th
206236907.267294 ton/ th
nilai ekspor pada th 2018
M2=
1400572900878.12
1400572900.87812

Berat/Weight (KG) % kenaikan

355053970205.00 378999100814.00
6.74
478846797632.00
26.35
582219779283.00
21.59
600137346950.00
3.08
700005037290.00
16.64
14.88

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

1,365,894.00
1,988,765.00
2,598,076.00
3,847,890.00
5,538,655.00
6,988,943.00

0.4560170848
0.3063765704
0.481053672
0.4394005546
0.261848409
0.3889392582

pangkat 2
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019

pangkat 3
pangkat 2
3.9141066E+014
3.9160549E+014
3.9180032E+014
3.9199515E+014
3.9218998E+014
3.9238481E+014
3.9257964E+014
3.9277447E+014
3.9296930E+014
3.9316413E+014

8,000,000.00
7,000,000.00
6,000,000.00
5,000,000.00
4,000,000.00
3,000,000.00

Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502 pangkat 3
Err:502
Err:502 pangkat 3
Err:502
pangkat 2

2,000,000.00
1,000,000.00
0.00
2005

1
-16048.53
-16048.53
Err:502
Err:502

8,000,000.00
7,000,000.00
6,000,000.00

f(x) = 151123.232171669x^2 - 605918745.662213x + 607349044022.922

R = 0.9966004187

5,000,000.00
4,000,000.00
3,000,000.00
2,000,000.00
1,000,000.00
0.00
2005

2006

2007

2008

2
96851527

3
4
-2E+011 1.3064E+014

96851527

-2E+011 1.3064E+014

Err:502

Err:502

Err:502

Err:502

Err:502

2009

2010

2011

2012