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Assessment

Subjective:
Sumasakit ang
puson ko (My
abdomen hurts),
as verbalized by
the patient.
Nausea and
vomiting
Pain in the
abdomen and
lower back

Diagnosis
Acute pain related
to increased
uterine
contractility,
hypersensitivity

Inference
Ovulation

Estrogen and
progesterone hormone
levels decline; lining of
uterus becomes swollen
and sheds
Release of
prostaglandins
(compounds that cause
the uterine muscles to
contract)

Planning
After 4 hours of
nursing
intervention,
patient will be able
to experience
reduced pain.

Intervention

Bloackage of delivery of
oxygen to tissue of
endometirum

Evaluation

Independent:
1. Explain and help
clients with pain
relief measures,
nonpharmacolog
ical and noninvasive
techniques.

Approach using
relaxation and
other
nonpharmacological
techniques has
demonstrated
effectiveness in
reducing pain.

2. Teach the use of


warm
compresses.

Heat increases
vasodilation and
muscle relaxation,
while decreasing
iskemic uterus, thus
relieves abdominal
cramps.

3. Teach the use of


Relaxation
techniques
(yoga,

Relaxation
techniques reduce
skeletal muscle
tension, which can
reduce pain
intensity and
improve relaxation;
blood circulation is
improved and the
oxygen demand of

Muscle contraction

Vasoconstriction in the
endometrium

Rationale

biofeedback,
meditation, and
relaxation therapy)

After 4 hours of
nursing
intervention, goal
met. Patient was
able to feel less
pain as evidenced
by lower pain
scale.

Endometrium breaks
down and dies

Unterine contractions
squeeze old endometrial
tissue through cervix
and out of the body via
vagina

Elevation of leukotienes
(chemicals that play a
role in inflammatory
response)

4. Perform
massage on
abdominal areas
that feel pain

Reference:
http://www.medicinenet.
com/

Massage reduces
pain due to the
stimulus of
therapeutic touch

Dependent:
1. Administer
analgesics as
ordered

Menstrual cramps

tissues are met,


resulting to reduced
pain.

Analgesics block
the path of pain,
thus pain will be
reduced.

menstrual_cramps/page
2.
htm#what_causes_mens
trual_ cramps

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