THE

JEWS

THE

BY

AUTHOR:

SAME

THE

AND

EUROPE

Belloc

"Mr.

of

has

antidote

brilliant

is

he
and

historical

book

he

canism;
Angliproduced

sincere

burningly
which
It

along.

his

sweeps
is

has

the

certainly

The

written."
"

Times.

Church

OLD

THE

ROAD

With

Hyde,
New

THE

Edition.

STREET

STANE

by

Guides.

Route

and

Map

William

by

Illustrations

William

Illustrations

With

Monograph.

Hyde,

and

side

wholesome

has

essay

reader

self-satisfied

to
and

best

developed

which

history

FAITH

Maps.

JEWS

THE

By

BELLOC

HILAIRE

CONSTABLE
LONDON

"

COMPANY,
BOMBAY

LIMITED
SYDNEY

Published
First

ig*e

Impression
Second

192*

To

MISS

MY

SECRETARY

LAND

GOLDSMITH

RUBY

MANY

FOR

AND

THE

OUR

BEST

JEWISH

MOST

FRIENDS,

FAMILY

AND

AND

YEARS

DEEP

DEBT

INTIMATE

TO

WILL

ALWAYS

OF

KING'S

AT

GRATITUDE

OF

WHOM

MY

OWE

PREFACE
/.

THE

object

than

that

this

of

of

book
which

much

vital

political matter,

Jews

and

It

does

nations

around

not

propose

any

problem,
that

certain

the

parties

those

the

discussing

automatically
have

of

the

three

the

principle
me

that
more

For

fault
;

in the
it

may

or

of

matter

well

be

than

6(3
1405

place

the

of

the

Therefore,
essay
come

the

of

reposes,
to

an

end

principle

principle of mutual
that
judgment
my

Jewish

vii

both

of

the
be

that

in

principle of
shall
reality, we

this
must

even

well

it may

in

which

important

own.

ourselves,

and

generation.

upon

our

solution.

right

concealment

recognition,

respect.
at

last

the

Europe

of

truth

to

essentially

generation

terms
a

ought

Western

make

tell the

to

principles

to

mutual

approach

but

falsehoods

and

ing
press-

suggestion

Jews

any

complete

any

preceding

the

in

are

in

present

problem

to

which

attempted

convention

the

less,

become

problem

this

lines

if the

still

than

more

discussion,

the

drop

seems

no

immediately

that,

to

has

pretend

solve

to

time

suggest

We

is

general

from

during

will

It

attempt

any

different

it.

that

upon

between

detailed,

it

fear,

them.

what

to

does

nor

of

follow

solution

appeared
relation

the

modest,

more

has

the

positive legal
solution

is

national

exaggerate

is

ness
conscious-

it, and

it

PREFACE

viii

is certain

that

possessed

of

neither

fault

at

side

for

of any
truth
and

judgment

of

of

trying

build

to

its
But

heard.

be

value

the

on

be

cannot

required

must

the

nor

evil consequences

ultimate
a

judgment

debate

knowledge

other

the

my

be

can

full

the

settlement;

to

party

one

man

the
upon

lie.

will

in

find

often

the

(less,I think,

reader

English

The

sentences

my

American)
will

that

note

quarrel is already
here in London,
but it has not here approached
acute
it has reached
the limits which
long ago elsewhere
;
and
accustomed
to the
quieter air in which
a
man
debated
all public affairs have, until recently, been
in

this

him

fantastic.

him

to

seem

country,
and

odd

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smile

may

what

at

To

fears.

exaggerated

will

seem

this

I would

to

has
been
written
not
only in
reply that the book
of a general, experience.
the light of English, but
I will bargain that
it put into the hands
of a
were
jury chosen from the various nationalities of Europe
the

and

in

would

its estimate

further

consider
years.
of the

few

abnormal.

is not

upon

things.
for

national

is

we

nation.

nation
It

the

The

which

one

European
one

in

traversed

since

after

this

force

has

is that

by
things,

for the
the

of it

admission

another

few

impossible.
this

close

thrust

last

to

discussion

was

or
open
It is imposed

well-being, and

disorder, which

the

mere

mere

truth

of

have

not

peril approaches,

the

very

years

erate
mod-

too

may

long since a
question in England

Jewish

appeared
any

rapidly

It is not

It is but

reader, who

the

distance

the

be found

perilit postulates.

the

of

ask

how

appreciated

it would

States

United

at

question
will in

successively
the

force

of

this

necessity
warding off of

Jewish

question

PREFACE

to-day

still

and
It

cannot

conclude

out

mention
friction

could

often

would

readable.

kind
in

have

because,
this

Since

indeed
I

essay
I

could

piece
a

piece
written

had

of

as

an

mere

as

attempt

have

piece
at

opposing

of

justice.

be

enlivening
feeling.

stronger
more

not

enmity,
should

I
of

far

indefinitely
but

or

book

the

of

that

reduce

exasperate

to

deal

interest

the

purpose

the

and

record,

polemic
it

from

made

to

I
and

great

rouse

dangerous,

stooped

polemic

piece

is

even

these

between

become

if

have

of

of

object

my

the

of

everything

always

can

the

and

book

out

enmity

already

has

insincere
this

one

excites

it

way,

parties.
which

though

of

argument,

my

left

left

life

With

my

made

have

public

history.

past

have

avoided

ourselves

and

as

element

every

in

strengthened

have

certainly

more

Jews

from

drawn

carefully

have

examples

the

between

examples

as

and

well

as

that

observe

allusion

particular

of

it

neglect.

Jewish,

my

to

recrimination.

mere

readers

personal

every

old

its

to

asking

by

Jewish,

non-

my

return

may

consider

to

return.

so

will

it

hoping

reluctant

still

society

upon

ix

written
record.

as

amusing
it

as

have

CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER

THESIS

THE

Jews

The

BOOK

THIS

OP

are

alien

an

hence

inhabit

within

body
and

irritation

the

the

by

presented

problem
An

of

two

ways

and,

forms

and

it

to

has

to,

careful

called

be

best

behind
the

it

The

of

its

of

sense

also

in

solution

is

is, recognition

and

the

sides

most

bable
pro-

the

past,

be

body,

of

of

it

been

has

always

"

not

failed

in

kind
of

tially
par-

"

has

left

solved

really
end.

the
of

may

segregation

has

it

two

friendly

or

form

kind

but

second

both

on

the

latter

first

always

in

exile

means

alien
this

periods

has

able
abomin-

is

may

history

injustice

it

or

"

The

"

true

in

good

one

favour.

its

of, the

long

over

problem

that

or

careless

attempted

successful

first

throughout

which

Recognition.

been

often

in

segregation,

hostile

the
second

failed

everything

remains

in

excretion

absorption,

has

moral,

having

There

by

Jews
the

third,

"

though

the

failed

the

most

of

segregation.

"

failed

and

of

of

disposed

destruction,

case

has

further,

also

has

by

the

in

solution

"

is

and

be

"

the

up

organism

any

may

set

is

necessary.

elimination

absorption

it

in

body

Elimination

by

urgently

is

alien

thus

strains

they

problem

"

"

that

society

friction

segregation,
Jewish

separate

nationality.

CHAPTER

THE

DENIAL

OF

II

PROBLEM

THE

17
.....

In

the

Western
were

immediate

Europe

honestly

past

by

ignorant

the

problem

denial

mere

of

shirked

was

its

existence
"

of

the

xi

existence

of

in
some

Jewish

CONTENTS

xii

PAGE

nation

only
but

thought

some

"

thought

necessary

ignorance

"

of the

numbers
the

Jews

dead,

is

fact, it had
for

based

it chose

"

of

truth

increasing

through

"

models

for

it

peace

and

"

Jew

the

of

face

it secured

"

past

wit, that

to

the

in

the

from

the

about

fiction

it

was

takes

on

of the nation
rapidly the superficial characters
be
he happens
for the
time
to
living moreover
themselves
desired
by the Jews
example of

very
which

in
it

"

was

the

"

Jewish

old

Peer

At
useless

the

"

his

the

claim

failure

old

the

rate

any

and
of

practical proof

is admitted

problem

PRESENT

PHASE

OF

"

alone

let

"

case.

"

Liberal

"

be

"to
his

in

fiction

and

CHAPTER
THE

own

more

"

unworkable

said

be

to

our

power.
Liberal

"

truth,

certain

on

the

countries

proved

something

while

in

reaction

partly through

in Western

having

exist,

not

down

necessary

of their
great increase
this
old
Yet,
though

Jews

it did

broken

has

the

partly through
falsehood"
against any
time

nation

state.

fiction

or

religion

separate

fiction, that

modern

the

of

one

of

existence

convenient

to

This

the

admitted

more

"

difference

the

is

quite

now

be

must

solved.

III
PROBLEM

THE

43
...

The

Jewish

problem,

particular

assumed
of
Jews

identical

were

character

reaction

sharp

live

"

the

against

with
it

history, has
throughout
acter
charit is the
to-day

present

the
took

first

old

nations

in

the

form

pretence

that

which

they

of

irritation

happened
it was
suddenly exasperated in a very high degree
only
revolution
in
Russia
but
long before
by the Jewish
this the
of Jews
antiin public life, the
increasing power
to

"

"

"

Semitic
the

writing

South

Socialism

had

outbreak

of

description
is

to

Jewish

race

criticism

Men
the

bound

as

from

hesitated

stability of
up

the

with

way

War

expanded

in

whole
of
fear

to

of,

attack

society
finance

"

"

the
and
but

Jews
of

as

their

when

short

vism
Bolshe-

of the

movement

which

sympathy

"

effect
had

of

the

on
a

"

chapter

particular

power
or

leadership

Bolshevism

not

agitation,

situation

later

its

"

Jewish

The

"

but

movement,
a

Jewish

the

Great

the

release

silent

and

War,

be

the Dreyfus

Continent,

prepared

Jewish

been

the

on

African

to

was

hitherto

with, Capitalism.
financiers
own

body

because

fortunes'was
of

Jews

also

CONTENTS

xiii

PAGE

the

appeared as
private fortune,
Bolshevist
the

the

restraint

movement

Jewish

of

enemies

active

problem

existing society
removed

was

become

GENERAL

CAUSES

the

since

"

of

universal

CHAPTER
THE

of

hostile) discussion

(and

open
has

and

IV

FRICTION

OF

69
....

The

between

strain

much

Christendom
for

account

"

call

from

proceed
and

side
The

true

the

general

contrasting

cause

Jews

brought against
given
be

him

those

by

false,

are

of the

not

as

race.

of

the

"

races,

either

on

in fundamental
accusations

the
In

and

both.

common

are

ticular
par-

two

will

the

the

that

note

we

of

advantage of
being a contrast

the

to

can

and

ineradicable

are

upon

of friction

and

cause

general

natures

depend

modified

character,

both

are

Islam

in

modern

any

general which

which

be

can

hosts

its

than

causes

those

those

particular

older

the

"

and

Jewry

praises

common

each

what

case

has

special to
the Jew, but
of each
the racial
character
tone
or
quality.
These
examined
the
Jewish
examples
courage
the Jewish
of
the
Jewish
generosity
strength
patriotism
to

noted

is not

series

virtues

vices

or

"

"

"

"

the

"

indifference
consequent
arising therefrom,

to

accusations

the

Jewish

Jewish

by

our

Jewish

the

"

"

effect
of

of

this

Jewish

Jewish

The

in

especially

people

fortunes

the

of

and

hide

this

dency
ten-

effect

produced

instabilityof these
money-dealers
"

Jewish

wealthy

Jews

regulate domestic

to

attempt

false

"

the

"

"

evil

affairs

of the
with

it

is

financial
partially Jewish
monopoly
Parliamentary
corruption as
nounced
proto-day.

CHAPTER
SPECIAL

effects

"

"

the

Europe.

ill effect

as

THE

war

eloquence
success

evil

of

Eastern

"

of

relations.

of the

great

"

feelings

in time

of

"

wealthy Europeans to
dependence of our
politicians on

cringing

"

mutual

poverty
few

push
danger

or

especially

concentration

"

to

failure
in

The

power

tendency

Jewish

of

national

our

CAUSES

OF

V-

FRICTION

99
....

which

have
are

called

remedial

"

Special
at

will

"

causes

by

either

of

Friction

party"

they

those
would

CONTENTS

xiv

PAGE

be,

seem

to

the

habit

side

The

Jews

names

code

decoded
The

this

alien

been

note

the

"

the

feels

himself

which

and

"

interests

the

of

the

CAUSE

of

sense

superior

but

us

Jew

to

it

in

examples

"

religion

our

"

which

hand

this

the

"

superiority
be

of

Jewish

on

should
side

our

through

an

the' hosts
on

us

error

blood,

European

millionaire.

SIDE

OUR

.123
.

and

involves

first
in

"

from

deceiving
to

comes

Jew

falls

permanently

is

relation

human

Jew

classes

business
the

"

of the
a

head

the

Jew

our

real

who

populace
he

"

has

him

feelings
with

them

especially
the

when

what

"

and

Jews

straightforward
heard

this

deceive

we

"

with

troubled

not

of

examples

"

more

leaves

disingenuous-

is

intermarry

partnership

Jew

side

our

is said

this

"

quarrel
behind

back.

his

in

Disingenuousness
problem
life
"

the

on

with

the

richer

into
blame

friction

dealings

the

enter
to

responsibility

no

us,

permanent

every

of

cause

our

conceal

him

that

to

that

are

we

responsibility.

The

we

alien

neglected

because

that,

presumed

forgets

error

and

us

Jew

often

inquiry

our

it is

"

the

this

"

with

ness

of

"

VI

UPON

department

are

quality

Jew

This

can

manship
states-

our

"

for

race

if he
the

FRICTION

OF

deceive

other

CHAPTER
THE

of

use

adequate

departments

on

hack-writer,

poor

the

not

allowed

other

"

corresponding

even

our

ment
treat-

our

"

same

interference

preservation

on

"

Jews.

Jewish

quarrels

Jewish

to

has

for

sufficiently

expression

in

secrecy

superiority by the

of

secrecy

superiority

of

names

fellow

and

charity.

excuses

"

of

unintelligence
of

habit

such

never

national

or

expression
has

of

and

habit

of

sense

Jewish

of

by

lack

examples

"

regular

and

deplorable

false

be

expressing

disingenuousness
of

"

on

of

side, the

Jewish

the

and

history gross
particularly in

in

Russians,"

"

allow

it

because

unintelligent
in

our

we

but

of

not

give

the

Jew

at

"

it
in

called

Jews

they

what

right

fiction

his international

are.

example

"

hate

we

its

Jewish

the

contemporary
"

friction

immigration

dare

astonishment

press

of

cause

Jewish

treatment

popular
anything

second

of

treatment

the

Germans,"

Unintelligence
our

of it in

examples

"

of

suppression

our

"

it, yet
name

"

gence
unintelli-

position
"

CONTENTS

xv

PAGE

the

of

example

cabinet

who

cousin

minister's

into

got

trouble.
Last

his

of
A

side

is

the

in

should)

we

the

CHAPTER

Jews

Summary"
the

between
bred

it has

trophe
catas-

future.

the

in

may

with

mix

friction
"

look

things

societies"

that

selves
them-

put

how

see

unimportant

and

past

and

their

idea

the

ourselves

and

(as

not

address

against

warning

Jews

and

class

every

do

won't

people

"

Jew

the

of

we

"

charity

of

shoes

the

in
from

lack

cause,

VII

ANTI-SEMITE

THE

of

Error
of

its

145

neglecting

extravagance

ill-balanced

Jewish

be

to

race

Jewish

hated

still

press

but

"

of

documentation

this

will

The

Jews

met

of

policy
Danger
(1)

because

of

suppressed
allied

to

does

only

motive

"

the

"

"

out.
but

by nothing
bound

to fail

ridicule

their

"

facts
"

"

enemies

the

latter

Jewish

erroneous

maintained.
of

the

Anti-Semitic

and

because

which

evidence,

which

movement

be

cannot

and

it
but

is

very

spear-head

as

CHAPTER

permanently

because

moderate,

more

it acts

"

of its formidable

important,

most

widespread

hostile, feeling, to

evidence

of

comes

intensity" (2)

(3)

now

but

whole

his

"

accumulating
so
long as the

Jews

of its

"

by
is

the

accumulation

it

and

weapon

secrecy
to

delusion

Anti-Semitism

it

stronger

solved
his

accumulation

vast

when

have

countered

much

be

to

hatred

he

"

"

its

insufficient

this weapon
have

"

"

effect

Anti-Semite

strength
ment
moveboycotts the Anti-Semitic
its great power
growing prodigiously

is

it

his

ever
how-

whole

the

on

of the

this

"

account

on

significant thing,

most

problem

self-contradictions

his

is

character

"

recognize

not

it

"

Anti-Semitism

study

to

VIII

BOLSHEVISM
The

167
revolution

departure
Jew

in

will

Western

Chapter
the

III)
Jewish

will

date

the

be

historical

the

point of
hostility to the

renewed

Europe.

Examination

of

Russia

in

whence

of
"

that

Jewish

race:"

revolution
movement,

importance

it

"

was

but
of

not

this

(as
a

said

in

movement

distinction

"

CONTENTS

xvi

PAQK

the

unfortunately
and

Jewish

"

different

two

"

movement

confused

are

"

Jewish

"

terms

race

the

in

popular

mind.
The

Revolution

universal

plot

"

forces

Capitalism
it

to
for

property

directly

nor

Jew

who

attack

international

two

Catholic

Church
trial
indus-

attack
to be

neither

"

time,

our

special

happens
it

not
tion
situa-

of

directly

attack

of

Russian

evil

the

Nationalism

our

the

"

open

and

Jew

or

to

only

cannot

the

why

"

accident

revenge

great

Jews

Church

does

and

can

were

an

of the

the

"

the

Catholic

the

racial

therefore

"

evil

applicable

why

"

weak

international

an

"

and

recent

of

special character
Capitalism, the

"

Industrial

there

result

of

element

"

revolutionary

the

not

opposed
instinct

our

obstacle

an

his

in

case.

Grave
with

by

the

perils to

Bolshevism

Jew

the

"

more

of

treatment

sane

arise

from

reason

the

Jewish

POSITION

IN

these

meet

perils

IX

WORLD

THE

identification

problem.

CHAPTER

THE

his
to

AS

WHOLE

180
.

The

Jewish

which

to

strength

Capitalism,

that

Russia

and

The

great
The
than

position
of

Eastern
of

Capitalism

in

the

his

the
and

feel

Poland

Ireland

"

United

he

and
in

"

in

"

each
to

international

Industrial

Islam,

this

is in

last.

position

his
him

against

more

in

of

(3) according

four

that

repeated

"

extent

domination

tradition

interfering with

"

and

hosts

"

it is

"

resented.

more

the

Marches

Central

of

Europe

"

exception.

an

States

"

Mr.

Ford

and

the

action.

tradition

Western

the

problem.

power

Russia

Europe

effect

is

the

to

against

complaint

collective
in

revolt

not

he

Roumania

and

position

does

that
universal

position

the

Church,

Socialist

Jew

is the

Occidental

in

Catholic

the

even

or

and

of the

community
the

are

or

corporate
The

control
to

individual

control

yet

(1) according

acquired

in each

which

forces,

of

varies

(2) according
approaching the problem

in

community

The

have

places;

various

the

problem

Jews

"

problem

Catholic
of

its

favourable

more

of

Church
converse,

the
"

to

the

Jews

Jews

and

Islam

effect

of

Industrial

Socialism,

upon

"

the

CONTENTS

xvii

CHAPTER

X
PAGB

POSITION

THE

OF

The

Jew

exile

Roman

the

Cromwell

under
the

Jews

hostility

the

two
the

began

less
the

of
the

spite

alliance

form

to

attempt

the

CHAPTER

by

great

later

teenth
nine-

numbers,
sities
Univer-

the

of

interests

Great

War

the

none

"

the

through

finance

politan
cosmocommon

small

the

"

control

its culmination

"

Anglo-Judaic

an

to

especially

return

to

the

of their

maintained

Jewish

politicians by

"

The

"

between

aided

in

"

before

diverge

"

also

"

Church

Commons

of

to

formal

Britain

country

in

Ages

due

"

of

this

Jews,

House

the

races

growing
largely

Jews

English institution,

every
and

by

Ages

their

alliance

Catholic
of

security

century
colour

under

interests

the

towards

and

early Middle
Edward

Jew.

Middle

the

in

the

in

the

and

State

and

time

Usury

commercial

wealth

215
with

extremes

followed

"

English

IN

both

to

gone

in

ENGLAND
.

of
monopoly
of all English

his

"

THE

has

England

JEWS

Palestine.

in

state

in

XI

ZIONISM

231

The

chief

reaction

that

yet

the

upon

effect

point

of

the

Palestine,

down

nation

Special
difficulty
interests

which

such

the

of

"

the

vast

of

the

or

"

the

in

majority

of

the

the

headship
politician chosen

the

Zionist

with
"

of the
for

that

the

Great

on

for

error

State

"

its

Jew

be

"

the

outside
?

race

"

lose

their

fiction

that

experiment
Europe.

British

grave

New

Jews

of

sacrifice

breaks

Britain

"

Jewish

purely
unpopularity
of first appointment
"

unworthiness

of

position.

CHAPTER
OUR

Jews

loss

in

the
will

of

experiment

inevitable

lies

position

Eastern

clash

now

what

"

either

"

maintaining

sacrifice

to

the

on

especially

effect

of

discussed

yet

position through

effect

"

not

alternative

not

are

experiment
position of

international

necessarily

international

they

is

Zionist

experiment

inevitable

an

the

of

interest

XII

DUTY

249
,

This

but

Chapters

of

consequence

IV,

and

VI

"

our

the

conditions

double

duty

established
of

mixing

in
with

CONTENTS

xviii

PAGE

and

Jews

the

of

necessity
in

of

recognizing

should

alien
do

we

the

"

it

worse

nation,

to

fear

of

Jewish

to

the

and

danger
a

power

European

is

frankly

it

one's

"

recognize

to

treat

to

classes

as

own.

XIII

CHAPTER
THEIR

folly

"

than

other

difficulties

wealthier

duty

plain
it, and

respect

nationality

every

the

thing

our

"

separate
spite of

populace

exasperating

makes

delay

matter

and

degrading
this

this

in

the

of

"

nationality

in

"

this

in

"

lead

the

follow

Fear

of

convention

by

habits

social

and

nationality

separate

this

admitting

openly

conversation

opposed

their

271

DUTY

Only

brief

domestic
but

that

all

right policy

for

existence

schools,

"

of these

increase

the

be

would

Jewry
which

be

should
the

clear

make

those

"

"

favour
in

already
societies

Jewish

newspapers,

and

impertinence

institutions

plead

in

advice

or

an

Jewish

specially

institutions

they emphasize
of

interference

for

"

of

concerns

it is clear

the

mention

all

"

because

welcome,

nationality

separate

Jew.

XIV

CHAPTER
VARIOUS

277

THEORIES

This

is

chapter

Jewish

which

of

some

The

theory

attachment
The

of

theory

Israel

that

theory

Europe,

without

note

the

on

on

his

Jewish

its

most

original

is

special

effect

on

no

of

concern

ours

history

its
impossible
or
blessing.

curse

the

are

forms.

decline

would

independence
our
thought

the

of
"

of

flux

necessary

energies

since

between

alliance

extravagant

its error,

"

in

"

necessary

our

intellectual

the

on

present.

Jews

the
which

arisen

Islam
history of Europe and
that
Jewish
the
problem
theory

The
and

of

mysterious
"

have

reconciliation
idea

Britain

and

The

the

to

theories

various

which

still

are

that

the

on

its fortunes

and

race

and

digression

Jew

"

and
for

demand

combined.

only

is domestic

the

relations

are

mutual.
The
of

our

two

theories

innocent

of

the

selves,

and

Jew

as

of

our

malignant
malignant

enemy

enmity

CONTENTS

xix

PAGE

the

against
The

by

erroneous.

is

false

theory

solving

now

and

due

neglect

of

of

and

and

history

Ford's

Mr.

differentiation

recent

on

the

melting-pot."

Fantastic

that

theory

Jewish

no

national

CHAPTER

CONCLUSION.

HABIT

Granted

it

be

in

expressed
in
laws

breed

and

but

on

the
the

from

it

conventions
side

our

has
to

side

modern

but

for

of

first

my

part

be

say,

begin

inevitably
tutions
insti-

separate

should

quarrels

"

less

would

suggestion

Jewish

settlement

"

Israel"

until

think,

social

regulations

oppression

not

nition
recogshould

solution,

just

"

coming

fiercer,

Not,

morals

our

of

the

full

(a

"

and

urgency

advance

is

"

"

301

solution

law

nationality)

separate

appeared
with

the

exists

type

XV

LAW

OR

that
of

acute

epigram

"

"

to

"

misunderstanding
modern

problem

this

absorption

both
"

Jewish

the

that

theory

itself

Jew

martyred

and

innocent

welcomed

are

growing

"Peace

to

THE

THESIS

OF

THIS

BOOK

CHAPTER

THESIS

THE

is

IT

thesis

the

of

problem

that

if

For
and

that

which

is

quarrel

soon,

parallel

nation

shirk

has

which

cannot

both
it.
nor

problems),
increasing
with

for

found,

of

It

Jews
is

by

an

before

openly

our

and

it

of their

now.
3

is

(as

It

of
must

It

unique.
as

the

last

attempted

hosts

can

true

social

and

which

effect

eyes.

no

shirked,

problem

healing

which

historical

be

lessened

even

relations

ourselves.
to

the

pectedly
unex-

tragedies

the

and
one

tance.
impor-

come,

these

of

produced

and
a

shall

we

unchecked

rise

centuries

is

which

problem

avoided,

dealt

peculiar

be

can

generation
to

for

problem

phenomenon
a

marked

Jewish

practical

to

one

upon

of

discovery

highly

to

intensification

the

allowed

of

religion
antagonist

rapid

to

unappeased,

this

The

gives

the

have

between

and

wholly

the

and

race

recent

and

that

with

permanent

permanent

immediate

and

is

the

proceed

to

presents

tradition,

continued

the
intermixed

character

antagonism

solution

it

to

Europe

and

that

nation

gravest

make

Europe
Israel,

the

culture,

different

of

alien

nations

other

Jewish

the

of

presence

book

this

of

BOOK

THIS

OF

be

cannot

social

some

time:
be

for
met

it
and

is

THE

JEWS

That

problem is the problem of reducing or

the strain produced by the presence
accommodating
The
alien
of an
alien body within
organism.
any
body sets up strains, or, to change the metaphor,
produces a friction, which is evil both to itself and
it inhabits.
The
to the
problem
organism which
those
strains for good and
to relax
to set
is, how
things permanently at their ease
again.
There
The
The

two

are

first is
is

second

by
by

its

such

to

ways
the

desirable

elimination

end.
is alien.

of what
There

segregation.

is

other

no

way.

elimination

The

It

forms.

take

may

alien

an

It

less hostile

but

take
may
that
far the
It

third

form,

indistinguishablepart
originally a source
was
in it.
the

These

three

method
The

of

We

by

through
But

we

the

which
may

natural

"

first method,

the

up

is lost

and

if elimination

method,

may

own

can

also

the

ends

a
upon
of the

strain

affect

shall

of

kinds

two

cutting of

mere

it

is that

segregate

of the

reduction

effected

of

sum

ways

regard to its
segregation of it being
from
the point of view
the

in the

of disturbance

without

and

(and

one

tion
society) eliminaalien body
becomes
an
it
the organism in which

impossible or undesirable,
this again
be
of
and
may
amicable.

by expulsion.

elimination.

of

second

also

form,

found

and

physical nature
absorption; the

by

three

tion
elimina-

"

amicable

an

commonly

most

form

elimination

"

take

may

take

may

of

process

body

frankly hostile

destruction.

by
hostile

of

or

prove

segregation;
hostile

"

alien

and

element

desires:

the

plan framed
solely
organism invaded,
or

friction

it off from

it creates

all

avenues

its host.

segregate the

alien

irritant

by

OF

THESIS

THE

full account

takes

which

BOOK

THIS

of

the

thing
segregated as well as of the organism segregating
the good of both
it, and considers
parties. In this
amicable
and
second
policy the word
segregation
be replaced
(which has a bad
connotation) may
recognition.
by the word
action

an

This

book

last

this

of the

all solutions

that

either

are

written

been

has

the

under

Jewish

conception
other

problem
bad

impracticable,or

in

than

morals,

both.

or

the
policy wherein
their
side shall
Jews
openly recognize their
on
shall
on
ours
wholly separate nationality and we
equally recognize that separate nationality, treat
it without
alien thing, and
reserve
as
an
respect it
own.
province of society outside our
as
a
It is written

is

It

written

attitude

which

different

from

The

advocate

to

the

under

solution

by

of

way

morals

in

has

during

the

the latest

been

last

twenty

murders

one

it

side

centuries.
in

the

the

the

From
second

has

failed.

It has

of shame

upon

pitiless

solution

to

has

invariably

of hatred

the

Jewish

century

that

inheritance

of

civilization

our

Ukraine

dreadful

in

but

once

in the
and

and

parts of

various

Cyrenaica

attempted

left behind
the

in

of

massacres

been

times

only

proved futile
temptation

practice. It has been the constant

in the past, when
popular masses
angry
has
head
to
not
come
problem
a
thousand

or

is not

destruction

but

any

is very
disaster.

policy

breed

soon

now

that

conviction

of this

falls short
it will

abominable

other.

upon
It has

condemned

whose
by every man
judgment is
worth
considering and especiallyby the great moral
teachers
of Christendom.
It is, indeed, hardly a

policy

at

all, for

it

is blind.

It

is

gesture

of

THE

JEWS

exasperation and

mere

form

second

The

not

final

elimination

of

that.

at

gesture

expulsion
community
"

"

(for a
theoretically sustainable
life and
aliens
has a right to organize its own
no
therein have
to modify that life or to disturb
a claim
the less in practice, and
as
regards this
it),is none
particularproblem, only one degree less odious than
It means
of individual
the first.
inevitably a mass
injustice,as well as common
spoliationand every
sociate
other
hardship. It is almost
impossible to dis-

though

violence

it from

of

if not
rancour

what

it almost

behind

It leaves

shame

on

it

the

one

other,

the

upon
condemns

as

of all kinds.

ill deeds

and

strong
side,

as

finallyis that

does

inheritance,

an

at

the

of
rate
any
first.
And

it is not, and

cannot

be, complete.
For

it is in the

nature

of the

Jewish

problem

that

and
in
only attempted at moments
places where the strength of the Jews has declined ;
this
their
and
invariably means
corresponding
other
strength in some
quarter.
of
A particular society attempting this solution
far as itself
succeed
for a time
so
expulsion may
the
but
that inevitably means
is concerned,
tion
recepthe
exiled
another
of
district, and,
body by
is

this solution

or

sooner

later, the

to be

rid of.

return

The

of the

force

which

it

was

greatest historical

example
the action of the English.
The
of this is, of course,
did
of all Christian
nations
English alone
adopt
in its entirety. A
this
solution
strong national
highly organized for its
kingship, a government
time, an insular position and a singular unanimity
of national
promoted the expulsion of the
purpose
Jews
from
England at the end of the thirteenth

hoped

century

for

more

than

three

and

half

centuries

that

expulsion

theory free
in practice
But,

as

it

in

was

they

very

nation

which

with

of
were

be

to

case

from

the

there

is the

not

be

to

free

ment
experinowhere

such

failure

of the

attaches
that

solution

evident, of all methods.

and

most

so

obvious
of

men

that
it

or

has
of

to
an

is it that

excellent
of

matter

method

with

body.

So

it has

been

taken

by

both

sides

been

taken

excited

alien

has

is the

when

disturbance

upon

This

normal

herself

of nature

judgment
It

course.

It is further

deal

is

lines.

such

most

it,

to

Lastly, there is elimination

by absorption.
would
obviously be the most
gentle, as it

livingorganism
by the presence

in

seem

Quite apart, therefore,

objection which
practical experience
upon

fore,
there-

came,

would

failure

moral

usual

the

in

solution

this

in

dred
thoroughness five hunthe other parallel
attempts
of the same
thoroughness

inevitable.

found

as

readmitted

century, and

Their

English attempt.
quickly. But
more

any

in

drastic

the

as

the

run

were

attempted

such

nearly

was

greater strength than

to

come

None
years ago.
and down
Europe

up

Jews

alone

England

and

theory.
in the long

of the seventeenth

have

Christendom

of

The

down.

BOOK

and

element

all know,

we

middle

problem

alien

of the

broke
the

divisions

as

THIS

maintained,

was

various

the

of

OF

THESIS

THE

natural

for

and
many
as

granted

if

absorption has not taken

place in the past
has only been
due
ill-will artificially
to an
ished
nourand
maintained
against the Jews on our side,
of the Jews
by the unreasoning exclusiveness
on

theirs.
Even
our

own

of the

to-day, in spite
generation, both

problem

and

of

vast

in the

increase

during

public appreciation

in its immediate

gravity,there

JEWS

THE

are

very

the

natural

side

Jews

who

with

regret, and

would

affair.

numerous

upon

think

insist with

as

These,

though

the

Jewish

non-

side, they

body. For I note

absorption will
certainly the
the
pride upon

small

think,

very

regard absorption

other, the Jewish

the

upon

still

are

the

of

end

dwindling,

still

who

men

many

that

are,

those

even

admit

come,

it

majority

vast

certain

survival

Israel.

of

that we
have
the index
again I maintain
In point of fact absorption
of history against us.
has
taken
not
place. It has had a better chance
than any
show
time
corresponding case
can
: ample
in which
wide
marriage,
interto work,
dispersion, constant
long periods of tolerant
friendship for
times
the
If
his ascendancy.
at
Jew, and
even
there
under
conditions
which
were
ever
one
might
the
absorb
imagine that the larger body would
those
of Christendom
smaller, they were
acting
with
intimately for centuries, in relation
Jewry.
after nation
Nation
has
absorbed
larger,intensely
here

But

hostile

minorities:

the

invaders;

the

and

centuries

eighth
more

British,

the

the

Italians, the

the

Dacian

has

Jew

has

remained

However

other

It is true

of

they
the

alone

the

and

Lombards

absorbed

successive

of

pirates

the

northern

fifth

the

of three

French

turies
cen-

Gauls, their auxiliaries

Slav

the

Greeks, the

the

Mongol

even

but

the

intact.

explain

we

whatever

Irish, their

fashion

the

have

"

this
we

Jews, and

mystically
cannot
deny its

or

"

of the

maintained,

special action of Providence

general biological or social law
ignorant, an unfailing entity and

Jews

in

truth.

alone, that

through
through some

whether
or

of
an

which

we

are

equally unfail-

THESIS

THE

THIS

OF

BOOK

the

themselves
between
and
ing differentiation
they ceaselesslymove.
society through which
It is not
from
for

strange

so

and

for

taken

never

Spain

at

there

but

brilliant

the

was

best

Western

generations. That
play : it has left the

Jews

differentiated

more

problem
it

was

century

The

four centuries

policy
during the

York.

and

strain

short

which

has

last

three
fullest

the

had

only unabsorbed, but

the
and
political
ever,
insistent
by far than

more

from

have
in

as

200

where

come

Alexandria

pagan
to 200

B.C

there

A.

D.

or

New

the

ago.

thing might
of peoples,

chaos

another,

at

of all in

has

chance

not

than

they present

tunity
oppor-

every

Liberal

Europe
policy

one

absorption

Poland

chance

of

period

every

was

in

to

now

yet that

There

moment,

one

but

dominated

place.

co-

generations
indeed

incident

where

to

now

account

been

applying

but

world,

have

(not

another)
absorption existed

country,
has

There

centuries

the

past differed

sufficientlyto

story.

even

throughout

in

conditions

present

in the

conditions

that

true

was

the

in

in modern

where
there
might have
come
was
a
particularly friendly attitude, as in mediaeval
Poland
It might even
modern
have
or
England.
paradoxically,through the very persecution
come,

suffered

It

of

the

times

and

places

hostile

most

treatment:

been
absorption might have
failed
though it had
attraction.

proved

never

of

going
has

As

not

on

possible.

affected

the
the

to

mass

be

Jewish
of

for

their

nation

pressure
under
It

come.

process

the

Jews

under

continuous
a

the

achieved

never

The

outlying fractions,
wherever

achieved

it has

fact

where

has

absorption
continually
is

problem

present,
at

all.

JEWS

THE

10

The

body

with

remained

has

whole

as

entiated,
separate, differ-

strong identity of

all conditions

and

reasoning, by

which

all

in

places,and
by

an

under

own

the

think

to

come

men

is nullified

reasonable,

its

priori

this

tion
solu-

experience apparent
experience is wholly

throughout history. That

It cannot
be.
against any such solution.
There
remains, then, only the solution of
which

word

neutral

Segregation,
It

hostile,

be

may

alien

putting aside of the

that
body's needs,
of

fence

of

sort

or

pletely
com-

unhappily

connotation.

be

kinds.

of two

expulsion:
without
regard

claims;

it were,

it, as

round

has

static

body

desires

in

use

bad

said, may

I have

as

issues

other

it

though

manner

in this and

obtained

(I repeat)

gation;
segre-

to

ing
build-

the

solely with

the

reacts
object of defending the organism which
from
the
suffers
against invasion, and
presence
different
itself.
within
it of something
from

it may

Or
mutual

take

amicable

an

arrangement:
of

advantage,
either

reality

form

and

recognition, with
which

be

may

mutual

is unavoidable

by

party.

The

first

attempted

of

these
and

apparent

solutions

has

been

again throughout history.

It has had long periods of partialsuccess,
but
never
for it has invariably
period of complete success
;
any
it a sense
left behind
of injustice upon
the
Jewish

over

side

There

and

that

my

nation

of

remains,

solution

but

openly,

to

and

limitations

I take
the

ill-ease

moral

it, no

last.

is meant

essay
comes

over

express

practical or

It is to

this

lead.

If

to

its

the

upon

own

pride

other.
nent
perma-

conclusion
Jewish

the
and

ism
patriot-

the
equally openly to admit
imposed by that expression ;

sary
neces-

if

we

THESIS

THE

nation

with

but

if

have

if

talk

we

and

renounce

we

of and

without

fear

as

the

with

the

of

and

consequent

if

situation

the

we

matter

people freely

separate body

as

in the

Jewish

the

this

ourselves,

existence

to

pretences

recognize

of

the

right

our

realities

sides

11

presence
utterly different from

thing
just as good

as

BOOK

THIS

frankly accept

side

our

on

OF

both

upon

admitted,

are

definitions

necessary

shall have
imply, we
peace.
small
both
but
The
parties" the
advantage
intense
Jewish
minority, the
great non- Jewish
that minority acts
majority in the midst of which
which

"

realities

those

would
If

could

could

it

such

in

discover

maintained

be

maintained

be

solved.

permanently

the

"

At

is manifest.

arrangement

an

"

it

would

be

rate, if it cannot

be

problem

any

think

as

solved

in

in any

other, and

that

then

avenue,

the

marred

if

the

as

what

Koman
series

steps.

same

The
small

presence

is not

resented.

friend.

Whether

at

have

called

this

by

peace

the

to

Jew

first in

society,
His

been,

get

solved

be

cannot

perpetual

have
persecutions which
Europe since the first consolidation
Empire.
of cycles invariably following

of

history

not

doomed

those

of the
It has

do

we

are

we

of

recurrence

certainly

it

way

from

to

comes

numbers.

contrast

"friction"

"

or

alien

thrives.

He
is rather

He
mere

an

in
from

treated

type

"

some

his objects and

those
divergence between
of his hosts, or
through his increasing numbers,
he creates
(or discovers) a growing animosity. He
it.
He
his
resents
hosts.
call
They
opposes

apparent

themselves

masters

Jew

their

It

resists
is

always

in
claim.
the

their
It

same

house.

own

comes

to

miserable

The

violence.
sequence.

THE

12

First

welcome

ill-ease;

then

next

of persecution into

hardly known,

is

in

disaster
exiles

the

massacre,

growing,

culmination

lastlycatastropheand
even

JEWS

half- conscious
ill-ease;

acute

insult,persecution,

flying from

the

district where

new

where

place

the

Jew

the

problem has never

has
been
existed
meets
or
forgotten. He
again
the largest hospitality. There
with
follows here
also, after a period of amicable
interfusion, a
growing, half -conscious ill-ease, which next becomes
leads
and
acute
to
new
explosions,and so on,
in

fatal round.

If

we

to

are

wheel

that

stop

from

and

to be
tragic turning, there seems
I plead.
that
for which
save
The
opposition to it is diverse and
but can
everywhere be reduced
upon

of

form

some

falsehood.

This

its

perpetual
method

no

formidable

analysisto

falsehood

takes

shape of denying the existence of the problem,

of
of
it, or
remaining silent upon
pretending
in public commerce
which
are
friendly emotions
belied by every
in
phrase and gesture admitted
private. Or it takes the shape of defining the
tially
problem in false terms, in proclaiming it essenit is essentiallynational.
religious whereas

the

Worst

of all,it may

falsehood,

by

statement

statement

of its

lie that

modern
same

this

from

be

that
of

contradiction, like the precious

one

be

can

international.

time

kind
of
modern
very
the truth
accompanied

In

patriot and

the

case

of the

lie takes the shape

modern
particular
that they are
wholly alien to us and
such and even
as
us, of talkingof them

of them

talking

as

and

such, and

writing

yet, in another
of

them

*U"X.?'

***

as

at

the

Jews,

of admitting

different

writing

connection,

though

no

such

violent

contrast

That

present.

were

13

for those

soul.

the

indulge

who

blinded.

are

solu-

I have
met
to the
opposition that ever
here
opposition sprung
proposed is an
if there
and
no
were
spiritof untruth
;

All
tion
the

of the

dispute,

would,

Truth
truth

is

It is

and

worse

truth

Such

is the

needs

will

alone

truths

and

to

avoided.

sion
expulIt

solutions

this

have

to

have

of those

it

but

book,

spirit is

addition

in the last
express
If the solution
I
it yet remains

of

if its full

that

be

recognition
right.

us

thesis

main

addition

an

set

and

us

that

those

the

to

on

social,

truth
to

that

failed

always ultimately
three

remedies

are

historical

nation, alien
moral

ment
settle-

is

It

sufficient.

other

based

argument

one

Jewish

irritant.

therefore

the

from

moral

and

honest

an

think, be

there

that

an

of

in favour

argument

is

of

pretence

lie in

is the

reconciling contradictions
is immediate,
Its punishment
it

BOOK

THIS

OF

THESIS

THE

be

hended,
appre-

attempted

to

chapter.
be

propose

determined

be

right solution,

the

it should

whether

laws

which

first take

the

spirit may

first take
the
or
expected to grow,
new
spiritand practice from which
new
spring. The order is of essential importance

form

of

laws

for to mistake

of

cause

in

all social

to

will be
to

it,to

seen

the

end

by

of my

would

be

against

the

prime

those

pleaded strongly

face

new

true

cause

who

book,
for

the

have
I

Jews,

new

laws

second

that

the

patience

have, in its last

in our
impossible to frame
of the
rapidly rising tide of

the

sequence
of failure

reform.

pages,

in

from

reverse

effect, is the

and

read

new

be

shall

As

of

form

policy. It
society, and
antagonism

would

not

lead

THE

14

to

But

injustice.

and

midst,

such

then,

regulations

and
But
process
to

of

am

spirit

convinced

only
both

for

define,

lead
Israel

will

the

first

to

and

of

an

openly,

and

accept
in

established,

it

that

create

nationality

once

to

to

spoken

are

separate

consonant

would

disaster,

Jews

admit,

turn

consequences

possible

be

it

the

their

in

they

the

if

wherein

atmosphere

JEWS

laws
follow.

naturally
reversing

confusion
for

ourselves.

our

of
and

this
next

DENIAL
THE

OF

THE
PROBLEM

CHAPTER

THE

DENIAL

the

between

the

races

those

and

is

two

growing

fearful

is

be

may

exists.

Such

be

the

most

but
is

problem

tion
solu-

if

be

the

the

alien

Jewish

treat

as

though
like
not

ourselves

hypocrisy

allude
and

of

there

gulf

the

which

who

alien,

men

normal

and
the

which
17

is

to

imagine
the

great

further,

going

and

them,

fear

of

the

All

ignorant

to

ate
immedi-

our

problem

no

ignorance

by

demanded.

were

problem

many

before

indeed

among

they

here

at

met

world.

ignorant,

nation

of

sides

created

enlighten

all

of

objection

is

be
such

any

attitude

our

solution

malicious

shall

that

both

on

this

may

no

I do

the

sound,

what

exactly

the

Jew

Therefore

attitude

from

meet

it

is to

do

the

that

denial

is

Israel

must

then

the

to

for

indeed

the

to-day

separates

(save

in

"

was

such

men

if

now)

grave.

and

the

by

past;

for

friction

"

outset

lead

Therefore
and

This

invariably

led

terrible

us.

dispersion

imperative.

But

best

has
may

practical

immediate,

the

It

consequences,

for

live.

they

friction

is

in their

Jews

the

consequently

also

evil

There

"

acute.

(and

past

Problem.

whom

among

PROBLEM

THE

OF

stated

HAVE

II

malice),

or

have

we

to

the

repress
there

is

malicious,
who

mass

pretends

who
in fact,

are,

fellow-

an

citizens.

of

tion,
conven-

ignorance
C

JEWS

THE

18

of

it well

truth

sincere

conviction,

those

of the

It is

honestly

am

in

present

speaking of the
larly
particumany
"

that

generation
"

that

mind

side

or

denied

the

thing

and

see

is

certain

by a
thing

such
any
therefore
be

can

its hosts

It

older

is

there

there

still

Jewish

no

exists.

problem
that

knows.

as

Jewish

friction

no

delusion.

whether

the

type of mind
nation
it and

between
Let

examine

us

illusion

is

our

on

no.

the

was

and

century,
moods

in

attitude

agreeable

which

familiar
to

it found

that

to
one

the
of

itself best

nineteenth
its

political

satisfied:

the

of
nation
leaving the Jewish
negative attitude
of
single
unrecognized;
creating a fiction of
citizenshipto replace the realityof dual allegiance;
full member
of calling a Jew
of whatever
society
a
he happened
of
to inhabit
during whatever
space
time he happened to sojourn there in his wanderings
the attitude
the earth.
That
was
agreeable
across
called
the
political side to everything which
on
the
itself
trine
docSuch
modern
was
thought."
French
of the
proposed by the great men
Revolution.
Such
the
attitude
was
accepted
almost
enthusiastically by Liberal
England, that
dominant
is, by all the
public life of England
the policy
during the Victorian
period. Such was
favour
which
universal
obtained
throughout
once
"

the

whole

the

attitude

to

of

impose

effect of its
in

certain

for that
our

our

which
upon

Western
the

West

Eastern

governments.

is still the

was

actually attempted
States,

rapidly-decliningcredit
clauses
of the
Treaty

attitude

That

civilization.

the

and
is to

of

be

last
found

Versailles:

official attitude

of all

OF

DENIAL

THE

Treaty of
following the Great
the

In

word

"

is

the

delusion

in

this

ignorance
proceeded
it

of

East

rate

Western

of

from

or

will

as

Rumanian

still

benighted

prevent

your

to persecuyou
tion."
these
declarations

made

Palestine,

Jew

leading

highly-distinct

brand-new

the

nation

with

the
a

behind

threat

majority

by

the

arms.

actions

Both

was

there

say

Jewish

are

we

ruthlessly suppressing

of

use

in

state

Pole

who

erect

to

of

conception

any

men

same

idea

in the

obsession

or

The

Jewish

The

from

you
at

matter,

it

"

governments,

the

different
If

The

"

Western

and

out

not

tion
but the intenminority"
The
underlying implication

problem.

mania.

Europe

"

word

the

Jewish

something
is

treaties

of Eastern

blurted

never

was

We,

:
no

other

of

obvious.

was

is

the

and

the Jews

War

sort

"Jew"

replaced by
was

Versailles

19

specialprotection, but
positive fashion.
straightforward and

put under

were

in

PEOBLEM

THE

the

were

consequence

of that

fused
con-

(history will
position I have
just defined
call itihelast
ened
weakexample), which, though much
in public opinion, was
still honestly taken
for granted by some
of the Parliamentarians
who
framed
the Treaty, and
certainly felt to be
was
of personal advantage
the
all :
to
position that
there
it
a

may

Jewish
Those

various
as

the
of

is

Jewish

no

nation

when

the

Jew,

inconvenience
nation
who

when

defended

it

can

this

the
but

admission

of

much

of

very

advantage
position did

him.
so

from

all be regarded
standpoints ; but these may
of looking at
so
degrees in a certain way
many
till lately the
Jewish
attitude
people. It was
the majority of educated
Frenchmen,
men
EnglishItalians.
It was,
and
to speak, the official
so

THE

20

JEWS

of
Western
political attitude
and
parliamentary governments

with
its
Europe
other
ing
correspond-

institutions.
The
be found

in

other

than

state

would

with

side

opinion

to

was

who

minorities, for which

by

this

spoke of the Jew as nothing

citizen
with
a
a
particular religion. A
Catholic
be dominantly
Protestant,
or
contain
smaller
religiousbodies, eager
people

it would

but

of

form

extreme

most

the

place had

be

to

found,

side

less indifferent

majority.
five
Catholic
France
and
had
cent
a
wealthy
per
Protestant
Huguenot
minority.
England had
a
and poor
Catholic
tant
seven
minority. Protesper cent
Holland
had
than
a
more
large minority
a
or

more

"

third
odious

Catholics, and

of

"

to nineteenth

differences

(which

concluded

that

forth.

so

It had
that

century thought

become

religious

it

than
regarded as nothing more
shades
of doubtfully -held private opinion) should
be the concern
of the
State.
A
of
large number
people thought of the Jews, not as a race, but only
a
as
religion; and regarding all religionthus, they

involve

it could

no

diminution

of

citizenship.
At
men

which

other

the

of

the

who

fully appreciated
would
certainly arise

settlement
Jews

end

of

the

matter.

scale
the

you

ultimate

from
These

had

public

difficulties

this inconclusive

regarded
nationality, and even

the

quite distinct
as
the
national
a
nationality likely to clash with
needs
of its hosts;
(in private)
even
they would
their
that
hostility towards
nationality.
express
None
the less, they thought it must
be treated
in
These
public life as though it did not exist.
men
most
were
emphatic in their private letters and
that
conversation
the Jewish
not
problem was
a
as

"

DENIAL

THE

PROBLEM

THE

OF

21

Nevertheless

(they
that problem
to-day to mask
said) it was
necessary
just
by a fiction and to pretend that the Jew was
his
else
for
like
religion. All
save
everybody
other solutions
a
knowledge
(they said) demanded
of history and of Europe not to be expected of the
so
powerful
public at large ; again, the Jews were
that if they desired the fiction to be supported they
religious but

humoured.

be

must

had, in

be

national

At

time

our

one.

rate,

any

must

recourse

least,to this make-believe.

at

already antagonistic attitude

towards
the Jews
now
risingso strongly everywhere
Europe (which is in part a
throughout Western
nineteenth
the
reaction
from
position),
century
this old-fashioned
of denying the Jewish
race
way
or
ignoring its existence
by a fiction appears
wonder
it
we
morally odious, and
to-day why
the

To

and

new

universal

commanded

falsehood,

of

often

course,

involved

It

support.

conscious

falsehood;

our

undignified; for there

generation something as grotesque

to
appears
in denying

the

existence

in

and

it

our

also

was

But

own.

Jewish

of the

nation
fiction

the

that

sincerely,and

that

side

of it went

unperceived,

in

few

older

moments'

the

it among
might have

It

another
classes
new

development
The

continued

first

influence.

was

at

the
the

What

to
rate

any

commercial

developments

of that

it

still

and

us.

generation,
of this

ourselves
one

any

maintained

which

represents

undignified

assure

with

converse

generation

and

can

denying

maintained

was

grotesque
we

as

growth
made

of

so

large

of numbers,
that

old

down,
a

yet

leading
for two

but

it

broke

for

the

among

community,

which
result

flourish

each

toleration.

the

falsehood

second

of

glaring

JEWS

THE

22

old

that

and

grotesque apparent

the

was

enormous

of the
Jewish
throughout all the West
increase
of the
accompanied by the enormous
exercised
by the Jewish rich in public affairs.
at finding themselves
pledged to
angry
grew

increase
poor,
power
Men
a

in

when

possible

of

ghettoes
and

half

and

dictators
This

polite world,
impossible in the

became

the

streets, and

alone

were

face

Manchester,

London,

of

was

with

concerned.

the

vast

new

gow,
Glas-

Bradford,

growing list of Jewish

-Jewish
Ministers, Viceroys, ambassadors,
of policy.
formidable

the

called

and

for

contempt

have

in

The
fiction
government.
few
financiers, mixed
very

in the

lost

and

of

offices

the

their presence

not, when

were

unavoidable,

everywhere

was

It

Jews

that

pretence

irritation

and

nineteenth

the

with

the

attitude,

century

what

already apparent before the

It was
of that
muttering during
century.
in England
the Dreyfus
and
African
South
war
attitude,

Liberal
end
the

in

case

France

this

of

century,

parliamentary
in

it

1917

was

especially

scandals

in

vocal

it became

with

in

with

connection

the

Bolshevist
It

clamorous.

became

first years

the

will

rising
certainly
minority

formidable
a
already have
prepared to act against the interest of the Jew.
that
and
It will in all probability become,
shortly,
at
moment,
on
a
majority. It may
appear
any
critical occasion, on
new
some
provocation,
some
an
as
overwhelming flood of exasperated opinion.

grow.

All

We

the

down

it

as

with

even

all that

reject it,

it

behove
and

neutrality

old-fashioned
examine

does

more

can

be

think

bias

said
we

to

us

fiction

must

fairly;

in its favour;

in its defence
now

all

the

treat

to

before

to
set
we

reluctantly

things:

feel their

we

there

it,and

elders

our

We

of

mood

whom

to

in

all it

did

great

abandon

we

of
very many
is abhorrent.

us

anxiety
the first place

new

remember

must

when

reproach

our

after

fathers, who

our

present with

still

are

23

for

reluctantly ";

say

fixed

the

was

"

reject it.

PKOBLEM

THE

OF

DENIAL

THE

that

the

Jew
in the West
at all,
as
no
treating of the Jew
well enough
but a plain citizen like the rest, worked
that there was
One
for a time.
might almost
say
Jewish
consciously present to the
problem
no
educated
of the
mind
or
Englishman
average

Italian,

Frenchman,
between,

the

say,

small

body

Italy

and

of

Jews

the

rest

in

West,
the

in

The

least, so
that

it

came

there

the

and

happened
civilized
Even

find

to

more

themselves,

the

convention

and

numerous

accepted.

The

of

the

any

reader

in
with

point out that

1830 to 1890
quoted

once

"

the
"

States
were

could

better

the

they
in

the

historical
of time

Jew

in bulk,"
West

abstraction
had

the

imperfectly

"

known

matter

space

is

of

civilized

more

an

where

Rhine, where

the

this

of Jews

received

aberrations

doctrines,

Revolution

Here

for

with

men

great bodies
the

of

disgust as the
people.
in the valley of

was

French

such

"

natives

with

West

of them

to

between

of friction

examples

vaguely

at
politicaldifficulties
or
The stories of persecution
then
seemed.
Eastern
Europe, even
through from

lead

conceivably

not

in

France,

were

many

of

presence

very

popular mind;
distinguished

were
large proportion of them
kinds ;
of various
public work

beneficence.

1890.

and

England
the

of

wealth

with

associated

and

1830

years

German,

western

even

or

was

of

the

prevailed.

sense

will at

I have

ridiculouslyshort.

just
Any

THE

JEWS

very

great

24

of

treatment

old, which

centuries
then

and

begins

all.

at

lost.

to

time

of

break

is

down
that

reply

in

settlement

no

this

period was
perspective

historical

which

highly educated
men,
century, greatly exaggerated the
the
historical
picture.
Men,

nineteenth

political problem,
for only sixty years

works

would

But

especially a
was

even

school
this in any
note
may
all the four centuries
period, where

manual

foundation

few

You

dark

the

story

chapters
given to
the

into

ages

of

the

last

nineteenth

is

mass

three

work

whole
into
is

while

centuries,

Koman

sentences,

themselves
of the

ground
fore-

of the

our

the

pages,

Ages

the

the

few

Middle

where

into

compressed

are

of

in the

vast

few

invariably
of

these

regarded as equal in importance

rest
to all the
put together.
This
false historical
in
perspective is apparent
other
department of their politicalthought.
every
For
instance, although capitalism, huge national
and
the
of financial
action
debts, the anonymity
rest of it, did not
begin to flourish fully until after
the first third of the nineteenth
century, and though
been
able
might (one would
think) have
anyone
to

discover

that
an

the

exceedingly

society, yet
eternal

with

state

in

"100,000

our

fathers

unstable

it for

took

granted

Victorian
man
things. Your
railway stock thought his family

frontiers, his tolerance

of that, his
It

is

no

permanence

wonder
and

as

of

in a
comfortable
income,
secure
immutably
he thought about
what
capitalism he thought
about
his newly- developed anonymous
press,

national

of

character

parliaments
if, under

security,

such
he

also
his

ance
this, his intoler-

of

all the

and

and

lost

false

rest
sense

historical

of it.

of
per-

OF

DENIAL

THE

spective in this
here discussing.

other

apart from

the

But

called

the

nineteenth

the

towards

and

that

argument
century

25

matter

graver

we

what

for

are

I have

Liberal

or

well

worked

Jews

PROBLEM

THE

attitude

its little

day

Europe), there is also the

under
fact that
special circumstances
something
well for much
like it has worked
longer periods
very
in the past.
Take, for example, the position of
(at least, in

the

Western

such

in

Jews

town

The

Amsterdam.

as

reception of a Jew as a citizen exactly like others,

the
though he was
present in very large numbers,
fiction denying his separate nationality, has held
it has
and
for generations in that
community
and
procured peace
apparent contentment
upon
is true to this day of Amsterwhat
dam
both sides.
And
has
in the past for long periods
been
true
in

life

the

of

commercial

another

many

cosmopolitan society:
and, in a large measure,
Frankfort, of Lyons, and

that

of

that

Venice,

of Rome

and

notably,
in that

of

special
It was
times.
of all Poland
for generations.
true
the
One
list indefinitely,but
to
might add
always with the uncomfortable
knowledge, as one
down
wrote, that the experiment invariably broke
in the long run.
for this Liberal
to be advanced
Again, there was
of the nineteenth
attitude
century the very powerful
that

argument

Englishman,
seemed
was

rule
way

known

while
the

to

of

one

Frenchman,

cities at

hundred

party
the

in the

issue, the

Italian, etc., it

well

enough and certainly did no harm, it

The
Jew
highly acceptable to the other.
as
a
this particular
not
only accepted but welcomed
of dealing with what
he at any
has always
rate
to

be

very

grave

problem

indeed.

For

THE

26

the

Jew

has

JEWS

racial

beyond all other

The
seemed
all
to
men.
give him
arrangement
his racial history (a thing of
the security of which
is acutely conscious) had
Jew
which
made
every
I think
should
him
add
we
ardently desirous.
be quarrelled with
(though the phrase would
by
modern
people) that this fiction satisfied
many
of justice. For
it is no
small part
the Jew's
sense
of the problem we
are
examining that the Jew does
be his due.
to
really feel such special treatment
feels handicapped.
it he
He
Without
is, in his
from
the disadvantage of a
view, only saved
own
he is thus
latent hostilitywhen
protected, and he
is

convinced

therefore

memory

that

the

world

him

owes

singular privilege of full citizenship in any

he happens
for the
where
moment
to
community
time retaining full citizenship
be, while at the same
this

in

his

nation.

own

Now,

if in

any

conflict

arrangement

an

seems

able
work-

actually acclaimed
by the other, it is not lightly to be disregarded.
his tenant
and
If, for instance, a man
quarrel
the tenure
of a field upon
about
a
long lease,
very
nominal
the tenant
ownership
caring little about
enough

but

to

party

one

about

much

very

is

and

his

inviolable

tenure,

the

quite agreeable to a very long lease but

titular
keen
ownership, that
on
retaining the
One
could
be easily settled.
give any
quarrel can
to the tenant's
name
position other than the name
of
owner,"
yet satisfy all his practical demands.
such
A
position
a
rough parallel exists between

landlord

"

and

the

attempt

nineteenth

settlement

which

marked

the

century.
the

What

of

at

being

Jew

called

wanted
an

was

not

Englishman,

the
a

proud privilege
Frenchman,

an

Italian,

(for

indifferent

loyalty
at

another

would

wanted

have

all

of

he

to

might
off

go

Jew

just like

was

it is what

what

and

for

he

and
the

him

the

others

what

"

the power
to feel safe in the place where
the other
On
hand, his hosts
to be.

he

being
lacked:

most

men

to

wanted

human

every

his

Jew,

more,

tent

odious

been

security ;

was

craves

he

completely

was

is

What

good).

feeling that

the

not

that

"

for

his

up

27

being

what

and

fold

country

in

pride lay

own,

moment

any

was

his

to

was

his

PROBLEM

this he

To

Dutchman.

or

THE

OF

DENIAL

THE

happens

one

had

not

yet

in
granting
practical inconvenience
the historical
this demand.
They did not know
against it, or they thought it worthless,
argument
because
and
they thought the past barbarous
no
action.
So
model
for their
a
compromise
own
arrived
solidly established,
at, the fiction was
was
became
the
and
Jew, though remaining a Jew,
in Paris, an
in Hamburg,
German
Frenchman
a
a
American
in New
from
York, as he wandered
place
felt himself
for a long lifetime no
to place, and
one
found

any

much

the

The
the

next

fact
of

one

that

which
for

their

numerous

rubbish

in

at

upon

our

(but
the

modern
Jews

of this

number
or

policy was

of ideas, each

another

ancestors

in

had
each

been
one

unsuccessful) attempts

problem

instance,

convention.

favour

time

some

granted by

with

For

it drew

false

the

argument

taken

deal

for

worse

after

their

objector
as
though

own

to

fashion.
"

says:

of

What

they merely
represented a religion! We all know they represent
nation
But
all manner
of legislationin the
\
a
in times
and
places where the difference
past, even
between
Jews
and
most
marked,
Europeans was
has
that very
perpetually fallen back upon
point
to

"

treat

JEWS

THE

28

Over
and
over
again you find
religion alone.
it the test of policy : in early,and again in fifteenth
Charlemagne's rule in Gaul,
century Spain, under
in early mediaeval
England, at Byzantium, and
is
the
this
Jew
to
parts where
day in Eastern
Exception was
subject t6 perpetual interference.
of

in all these

for

made

the

who

Jew

his

abandoned

left unmentioned.
was
religion. His nation
It is pertinent to quote such
a
simple and recent
officers, now
example as the body of Prussian
It was
a
standing rule in the
happily extinct.
Prussian
in nearly
smarter
regiments (I believe
could
The
Jew
all) that no
get his commission.
Prussian
system left the granting of commissions,
of the regiin practice, to the
existing members
mental
their mess
Club
staff; they treated
as
a
Jews.
But they would
admit
and they blackballed
numbers.
baptized Jews, and did so in considerable
in race
Jew
less of a Jew
the
Was
through his
centuries
that
all
the
Throughout
baptism ?
the
modern
reformer
religious criterion, which
and a mask
cries out against as a piece of humbug
the criterion
for the real politicalproblem, has been
It

taken.

is

attempt

not

held

century
that

it made

that

extent

and

in

religion the
masked

the

citizen

did

of

interest, and

real

point

making

his

famous

Greek

Jew's

the

more

fashion,
to

ality
of nation-

allegiance.

sanctity
insistingthat the
on

point

older

the

with

common

Palmerston,

Lord

solution

modern

the
religious segregation. On
Liberal
thought of the nineteenth
all such
segregation in abhorrence;

this

it had

but

the

the

contrary,

that

true

Lord

of

said

Greek

Palmerston

speech

bedstead,

and

English
carefully avoiding the
Jew

was

an

"Jew"

word

much

the

from

mood

different

admitting
neither

regarded

nation,

but

the

he

bedstead

(for

Civis

Greek

his

famous

hangs
Sum,"

Romanus
He

doubtful

sort

to

have

may
of

very

Bishop
his

of

that

of another

reasons)

as

no

religion.

this

made

citizen.

of

as

common,

member

different

very

his

condition

this in

the

as

member

bedstead

whose

Jew

in

was

fifth- century
on

had

two

the

Palmerston,

To

"

the

each

than

Office

29

throughout
question was

himself,

Spanish

to

Yet

in

Jew
as

Jew

conversion.

more

Greek

Englishman

an

PROBLEM

pretending

and

that

speech

THE

OF

DENIAL

THE

Jew

about

speech,
this
day

was

seemed

and
the

all

above

whose
to

on

phrase

fellow-

Palmerston

to

his home
Englishman because
was
he
doubtful
Greece, but
certainly did not
seem
he
be a
Jew.
Palmerston
because
to
happened
would
have
of private
thought that only a matter
have
no
opinion, and would
more
regarded a Jew
alien on
of this private opinion than
account
as
an
he would
have
regarded as alien a fellow-Member
of the
of Commons
who
House
preferred roast
mutton

to

Take,

boiled.

again,

another

century liberal idea

You

have

attempted
essence

Government

of

had

that

solutions
the

the
over

past.

method.
Roman

of

the

nineteenth

recognition of citizenship.
and
over
again in the

of the

Roman

of the

aspect

It

For

was

the

though

very

the

much
too
Empire was
concerned
with realities and with enduring work
to
accept any fiction in the matter, or to pretend in
the
not a Jew
practice that the Jew was
; though, on
the gulf
recognized at once
contrary, the Romans
between
the Jews
and
themselves, and recognized
it not
only by their cruelty to the Jew but also by

JEWS

THE

30

privilegesthey granted him ; yet

their policy to admit
citizenship as

it

the

distinction.
a

The

full Roman

should

we

as

in

part

one

attempts
the

in

for

another

or

our

is

yet another

Liberal

of the

in

the

this

say,
fact

the

with

his

was

that

the various
solve

to

past

fiction

with

fiction

law, with

It

travel

We

activities

so

are

at

in

of

of modern

the

fully
success-

consonance

any

other

that

custom

and

economic

and

"

normal

as

he

moves.

his

meet

As

the

West

were

in

with

Europeans

the

friends'

West),
of

his

presence
upon
have
been
odious

guest

feel out

of

What

is more,

to

economic

our

interlocked,

so

secret, that

so

Jews

appeared

would

have

in the

shape

anachronism.

friends

and

treat

A
them

the
Jew

everywhere
the

the

monstrous

of

part

much,

part

if it had

at

must

most

meeting

rate
any
positive law
"

the

for

so

complicated,

so

of

way

mix

we

once

(unhappily)

man

been

of modern

mass

much,

and

have

to

the

body

whole

the

is

whole

the

was

favour

habit.

social

seemed

which

thought

established.

strongly in
attempted

argument

past, and

immediate

argument

made

capacity
point,"

problem.

There

of

So,

was

Roman

slang,

it is in touch

has

race

he

"

His

Judaism.

further

that

of
eyes
in that

modern

our

his

not

has

solution

important
capacity as Jew.

say

citizenship,

in the

was,

the

claim

more

social

his

in

than

citizen
much

Tribunal,

could

who

Jew

always
primary

was

as

general society in which

permeated the society of
(small though his numbers
he everywhere intermarried

the

wealthier

his

separate nationality would

it would

have

class,
been

to

like

insist in

making

place in one's home.

by far the greater part

of

the

DENIAL

THE
wealthier
States

almost

it had

that

would

whose

with,

name

Oriental

an

"

learn
with

man

uncle

of

shock

would

would

the

treating

in

admittedly
position made
in

undertakings
had
modern

him

the
of

The

taken

most

finance

useful

and

often

economic

which
anonymity
granted throughout

for

it

absurd

seem

and

separate Jewish

or

probably
element

in

particular undertaking.

any

There
which

is

one

has

argument for this Liberal policy,

strong practical value, though it is
last

exceedingly dangerous
that policy because
it
argument

that

citizen

the

Jew

to

it in

use

cuts

the

defence

of

It is the
ways.
thus
treated
to be

both

ought

exactly like the

position either of privilege or
as

the

The

made

of

international

international

time.

for

The

Jew's

impossible, always highly unusual,

search

from

separate

always

capitalism

futile,to

some

anomaly

of international

vast

our

be

to

come

control

Jewish.

were

the

increased.

community

men

necessary

plutocracy

of

individuals

as

the

important

in

up

return.

growth

Jews

of

rest

different

totally

had

in close

to, and

mixed

"

he

say,

security
With

descent

State.
Or he
against the Russian
with surprise that a learned
University
he had
the
whom
recently dined was
socialist agitator in Vienna.
But
the
the old mood
and
be a passing one,

conspiracy,
would

of

name

times
Some-

English squire
relation
of his by

cousin

person

masked

An

and

was

far

so

name

about,

connection

of

that

Western

forgotten.

it.

revive

Jewish

bothered

never

be

to

31

the

of

was

race

find, for instance,

marriage,

classes

come

would

shock

of

difference

PKOBLEM

THE

governing

and
the

OF

given no
disability,because

rest

and

THE

32

he

does,

to

his

as

fact, mould

himself

so

rapidly

very

environment.

When
that

JEWS

men

say
is as

Jew

Chinaman,

or

therefore

to

be

they

as

"

different
or

negro,

from

as

Americans,

that

he

and

is, to many,

that

That
the

is

one

is the

middle

and

of
real

the

in

countries,
Were

ought

separate

the

Jewish

to

you

that

different

Jew

communities

known
Jewish

non-

my

Jewish
shall

readers
cite

were

it is

of

to

typical

many.
The

case

to

it therefore

desire

offensive

was

be

party

that

be

of

would

to

matched

amuse

offend

my

detail.

because

keep

the

to

in the

of

I
rule

nothing

introduced

father

the

seemed

would

service, that
be

to

three

each

he

names,

shall

the

in

it in

present

of

race

practice

perhaps

book

can

can

which

point

in

existent.
non-

it

"

testifythat

without

this

either
and

surface

other

any

and

turn,

but

readers

throughout
whereby alone it

mans
Ger-

his life in, say,

will

in

case

after

was

it in

know

in
him

of

Chinamen

or

will pass

people who have met

just like themselves.
I have

is

Jew

century,

problem
it

say

for instance,
negroes,
sound
incredible; but we
true,

the

on

nineteenth

"

be

his hosts

indistinguishable from them ;

the main
facts in the problem.
reason
why to the majority of

classes

Western

like

so

"

as

the answer
is that the
our
body from
own,
Indeed, he becomes,
nothing of the kind.
short sojourn among
Englishmen, Frenchmen,
or

do

to

ourselves

Esquimaux,
belonging to

an

treated

beginning

are

but

experience
a

man

in

English public life. He began life with a German

in Hamburg.
He
name
was
a
patriotic citizen
of that
free city, highly respected and
in every

generation

still talk

drifted

He

there,

and,

War,

the

with

the

active

an

of that

themselves.

Franco-

German
familiar

Parisian,
full of

and

Boulevards

33

men

of

one

as

before

was

the

life of

Hamburg

of him

Paris

to

PEOBLEM

THE
the

and

Hamburger,

way

OF

DENIAL

THE

energy

characteristically French
patriotic and
during
pursuit ; notably he helped to recruit men
the national
catastrophe of 1870-71.
Everybody
in this phase of his life thought of
him
who
met

in

every

him

such

he

American

an

freedom
every
In

the
he

way

it

reaching
Scotch

the

whom

names

that

United

in

French
it

was

the

to be

acquired
the
In

manner.

American.
been
In

he

common,

States

some

manner,

fashion.

in

pronounced

He

had

name

are

of

he associated

of

German

United

man

American

German

which

characteristic

the

to

themselves.
the

doubtful

was

appeared

soon

restraints

the

German
had

like

his

after

but

with

was

Hamburg

where

he

accent,

and

of France

migrated
Though

landed,

just

American

the

he

Americans

of the

eyes

Frenchman.

died.

there

when

years

as

future

defeat,

and

States,

the

that

Deciding
after

of him

talked

and

nounced
pro-

France,

retained

it,

fashion.

On

changed

to

it

and
distantly resembled,
if he had
doubt
to
no
Japan the Japanese
gone
be telling us
would
known
that they had
him
as
a
worthy Japanese gentleman of great activity in
national
affairs and
of
name
bearing the honoured
ancient
Samurai
an
family.
The nineteenth
century attitude almost entirely
this marvellous
in
characteristic
depended
upon
name

the

Jews

rest

of

of

which
mankind.

differentiates
Had

superficialmutation

that
been

them

from

characteristic

absent, the

all the

power
nineteenth

JEWS

THE

34

the

towards
States.
as,

us,

Northern
in

is among

man

as

the

conspicuous

as

broken

have

would

down

down

been

white

say,

fiction

broke

negro
the Jew

Had

broken

corresponding

the

as

have

would

policy

century

down

pletely
com-

policy
United
among

Kaffirs, the
at

it

As

once.

adopted that policy, honestly or

of the
supported by this power
dishonestly, were
Jew
conform
to
externally to his temporary
surroundings.
who
The man
consciously adopted the nineteenth
the Jews
a
as
mere
century Liberal policy towards
politicalscheme, knowing full well the dangers it
of
only half conscious
might develop ; the man
who
of those
the existence
dangers ; and the man
it for granted
took
but
of them
heard
had
never
citizen just like himself, with
that
the
Jew
was
a
an
exceptional religion each of those three men
of the
in common,
had
aiding the schemes
one,
supporting the illusion of the other, the amazing
with inexplicable rapidity
takes
fact that
Jew
on
a
That
teristic
the colour of his environment.
unique characall

was,

who

"

the

was

the

at

was

The
and
be
but

time

same

fiction that

culture

and

or

the

establish

ridiculous
were

both
in

would
would

and

and

type
may

government,

in

the

fail
be

subjects
the

different

ourselves,

as

of law

purposes
maintained

from

Settlement,

obviously
same

attitude
condition.

necessary

of

is the

Liberal

general opinion.
illusion attempting, for instance,
in
Greenland
Esquimaux
as

be

conspiracy

its

man

race

practical for
cannot

of the

support

Civil

the

Danish

through
pretence

of the
Service

same

of

officials
ridicule.
that

Crown
India

of

A
to

distingu
in-

the

Equally
because
they
an
man
Englishexactly
was

the

Jews

the

of person

sort

same

the

OF

DENIAL

THE

have

you

time

PROBLEM
soldier.

Sikh

that, while
whole

the

on

goes

with

But

startling truth

difference

35

perhaps deeper than any other of the

differences
mankind
into
separating
groups;
while
he is, within, and
all
his
ultimate
through
all things a
character, above
Jew;
yet in the
superficialand most
immediately apparent things
he is clothed
in the very
habit
of whatever
society
he

and

as

the

fundamental

THE

for

is

the

I say

inhabits.

moment

that

this

might

Liberal

for it cuts
with

disagrees
kind

likeness

you

which

of food

food

policy, but

argument,

as

both
looks

You

If

exactly
you,

old-fashioned

it is

ways.

suits

indifferently.

that

repeat

argument

an

many
of the

in favour

strongest argument

dangerous

food

like

eating
might say:

which
another

might

you

for

last and

the

to

seem

use

either

the
of

sort

is

silly
looking at

"It

distinguish; one must admit, on

them, that they are the same
thing "; but it would
after dinner
bad
turn
out
a
practicalpolicy.
very
to

try

to

There

is indeed

personally,
is

and

stronger than

from

it

last

argument

which

I suppose
of my
to most
all the rest, for it is the

to

me,

readers,

argument

morals.

If the Liberal

had

one

proved
which

is

attitude

stable

a
a

one,

falsehood

of the

nineteenth

omitting
and

that

therefore

century
element
a

in

factor

of

the
then
could
it
retain
instability,one
rest;
would
to all men
satisfy two appetites common
appetite for justice and the appetite for charity.
Here
is a man,
a
neighbour present in the midst
of my
if I
inconvenience
to
society. I put him
I like him;
him
treat
alien.
I regard him
as
an
friend.
such
To
treat
as
a
a
man
though he
as
"

JEWS

THE

36

although

were,

admitted

be

to

friend, something

the

offends
of

sense

talent

him

maim

You

man

he

if

allow

do

not

the

offends

great

Like

not

munity,
com-

my

possess

may

great talent,
you

of

it also

as

administration.

for, say,
of

functions

heart,

Such

justice.

possessed

certain

to

separate,

all

men

it.

exercise

must

him

exercise

to

istration
forbidding him to take part in the adminhe finds himself,
of the society in which
feeling hindering him in such activities,
or
a
even
his
are
creates, not only in him, but in those who
if it were
of injustice; and
hosts, a sense
possible
the separate character
to
adopt a policy wherein
should
be always in abeyance, so that
of the Jew
he
be at the same
time
could
an
Englishman and
and
Englishman, or a Frenchman
yet
yet not an

it.

rule

not

then

Frenchman,

which

all

good
Unfortunately

like

many

or

to

We

call

"

its

is

false

"

sentimental

equally abhor
disorder
punishment;

necessary

and

think

sexual

of

of great

avarice, cunning
world

impossible
It

him

makes

Now

we

cling at

of

conflict.

of

to

an

end.
its

without

likes

accumulated

fortunes
theft.

He

of

think

to

to

read

without

likes to

He

mutually

imagine an
exclusive
things.

comfortable.

commit

(the gravest

or

dictions.
contra-

will

man

an

concomitant

policy

reconcile

to

attempts

because,

instinct, it is

likes
organized police. He
human
life as
though it did not come
likes to read
of the passion of love
He
and

settlement

accept.

virtuous

sentimental

The
and

to

have

solution

that

which

theory

crime

ought

men

appeals

sentimental.

should

we

the

fault

of the

practical faults

this late

date

to

in

sentimental

politics)when

continuance

of the

man
we

old

You

policy.
too,

OF

DENIAL

THE

the

at

cannot

you

have

cannot

PROBLEM

THE

37

cake
your
have
time

same

and

it

eat

in

present

ubiquitous fluid, yet closelyorganized

Jewish
time each of the
community, and at the same
individuals
composing it treated
though they
as
the

world

were

not

them

all

treat

this

they

as

contradiction
builds

you

contradiction,

on

which

makes

time

same

its

and

component

building on
everybody who
against disaster.

do, you
will, like
run

the

at

thing

If you

and

nation

cannot

one

another.

as

the

You

are.

whole

parts

of

members

up

are

*,****

minded

am

to

(again taking
dates

and

irritate

care,

to

give the reader another

I hope, to suppress
readers

their

opponents).
constant
pastime
of Lords

and

always

remember

had

accumulated

peerage

with

between

This

name.

all such
that
he

the

them

that

the

interference

subject

old

them

rise

was

aimed

other,

the

to

the
the

non-committal

"

his

East

End

rightly pushed
perfectly well
people"" and
knew
perfectly
introduce
and

movement

humiliation.

bill

that

people." He
proposed change would
to

speak

the

my

their

with

chased
pur-

into

knew
at

to

rose
or

very

He

had

hypocrisy of
ferment
against

"

with

aged Jew,

an

and

gentleman
aside.

humbug
policy

called

well

gave

I shall

fortune

popular
immigrants

them

there.

my
House

circumstances,

the

Jewish

was

humble

any

"

interest

of the

when

resolution

"aliens"

dealing with
politician, and
of

great
like

bar
on

occasion

it

man

went

life in very

begun

connection

rush

what

one

had

in

younger
linger at the

names

might

greatly

too

or

listen to

who

his

As
to

all

identification, which

prevent

Jewish

my

anecdote

He

spoke

would

with

JEWS

THE

38

enthralled
I was
by the
flaming patriotism, and
It
intensity, vigour and sincerity of his appeal.
fine
and, incidentally
performance
a
was
very
the man
was
!),itillustrated the
(considering what
between
his people and
difference
vast
own.
my
life devoted
For
to accumulating
wealth, which
a
would
had

us,

with

nation

of

"

the

cry,
He

that

sure

am

in

older

him, all the

the

It

had

brought

Victorian
in

was

Well,

within

of

members

that

in

of

one

any

time

been

men

and

should
to

be

then

would

given
all

return
"

in

the

of

I do

that

his

of

them

to

that
?

breasts

him.
this

think

rich

old

after

they

of the

great

triumphs

that

in

out

appearing
a

"

of

sort

right enough
times,
myself, some-

I ask
if

sound

younger

came

other

let alone

alone.

some

hence

years

having by that
rich
(for they are
peerage
in professional politics)
"

"

of his ancestor
cry
There
would
be no
the

Manners

Jew

to

that

to

which

scandal,

the

been

of

regard

not

family

descendants

let alone"

might hear
changed in
But

it

those

echo

the

years

man's

after

one

procession. They had

But
they had not let us
How

again.

listened

its national

few

very
very

sequence

is

arms.

scandal

Parliamentary
all

in
a

which

fine

want

over

responsive

with

era,

and

commerce

and

over

in
doctrine
very
the
and
note
very

up

Liberal

it

audience
felt

men

appeal.
been

the

people

our

of love

that

clinched

What

said

of
one
any
normal
and

quite
justice and

of

appetite
He
unimpaired.

let alone."

be

to

him

to

every

with

speech

in

instincts

nobler
seemed

evidently

left him

killed

have

that
my
is

and

ask

response
contemporaries who

will
he would

so

be

much

have

interrupted.

hypotheticaldescendant
such
likely to make
any

DENIAL

THE

OF

PROBLEM

THE

39

the
time
that
when
for
comes
speech. I think
will
idea of
letting alone"
making it, the whole
be quite dead.
I have
speech with no
quoted this old man's
but
intention
invidious
only as an actual example
in which
the
of this
of the way
letting alone
I am
familiar
down.
as
as
great question breaks
"

"

"

Jewish

any

reader

life in

dignified public
Jewish

peers

Herschell,

whose

and

nearest

sacred

and

But

own

my

have

names,

particularthe honoured
the friendship between
I preserve
a
grateful

memory.
return

to

to

that

names

past, Jewish

the

I recall in

and

of Lord

name

with

of mine

failure

the

to

sentimental

of the

argument.
*

The

sentimental

contradictions
if

Even
to

guide

one.

that

had

one

It is true

period,
last

mediaeval
all goes
the
Jew

but
to

the
for

now

well.
and

strictlyrational principle
whole
of history to guide

pretence of
a

shorter,

The

smash.

Poland;

he

Then
the

it involves

fails because

indefinitely.

never
a

this

is the

that

is, incompatibility of fact.

not

there

one,

argument

"

has worked

at

Pole

is
in

comes

the

now

You

Jew

for

longer,
always come

apart

welcomed

in

numbers;

vast

inevitable
stand

ship
citizen-

common

happens
as

and

enemies,

each

of
accusing the other
injustice, the one
crying out that he is persecuted, the other that the
State is in danger by alien activitywithin.
Spain
alternatively pursued this policy,and its opposite ;
the whole
history of Spain the original seat of
Jewish
influence in Europe after the general exile
is a history of alternating attempts
mental
at the senti"

"

solution

and

savage

reaction

against

it

THE

40

the

reaction

strikes

of the

JEWS

violently
history not only

the

out

country

at

Indeed,

time

one

have

we

beginning
of Europe

of

terror

of

of

Spain

but

our

such

of that
presence
book
to be written.

solution
had
or,

has
failed

not
at

only

rate,

any
the

until

this

years,

reaction
The

in the

of

has
at

difficulty began.

But

lifetime, during which

one

has flourished

if it

said,

be

discussion
have

we

that, after

see

caused

Liberal

to

more

the

to

and

hands;

our
no

West

America,

which

in

the

to-day

postpone

us

is

other

every

attempt

be

could

around

life,

That

eyes

States

would

we

actual

look

to

there

of

reaction

failed

already

death.

very

United

it is the
this

his

another.

before

the

fightingfor

in

or

exactly

and

who,

man,

these

the

few

ment
experi-

in the

highest part of civilization,

it is already breaking down.
the old
Everywhere
the
old
questions are
being asked;
everywhere
complaints are
being raised, everywhere the old
seek some
perilsare reappearing. We must
solution,
for if

fail to find it

we

in store

tragedies are
a

direct

most

recognized,

for

and

from

both.

us

the
There

of it is

But

it is not

enough

of the

existence

of that

lem,
prob-

Once

it is

necessarily demanded.

show

to

past what
is

urgent problem.

solution

know

we

that

the

denial

mere

the old nineteenth

problem
false and
bound
to
policy was
century Liberal
break
down.
It is just as necessary,
if we
ciate
apprehow
and
immediate
the
practical
problem is,
"

"

to

it

state

It is not

events.

Liberal

trying
of the

and

illustrate

and

policy
to

has

is what

it

as

to show

failed.

discover

problem

that

enough

it from

One

that
must

contemporary
the

attempted

also, before

solution, analyse the

presents

propose

to

itself at

the

do in the next

nature

moment,

chapter.

THE

PRESENT

PHASE

PROBLEM

OF

THE

CHAPTER

in

SAID

down

must

one

problem

that

of

could

one

his

go

on

health

his

possible,

what

imagines

disease
the

is

the

the

down

One

must

as

with

matter

for

cure

is,

break-

theory.

what

exactly

out

before

who

person

that

disproved

nature

moment

from

and

full

solution.

immune

ill,

But

the

trouble

be.

may

Jewish

The

in

defined
as

strains

set

risk

both

up

it

therefore
which

such

remain
is

will

the

lesser

unremedied.

state

body
The

permanently

relieve

43

that

all

the
is

It

with

discovered

to

and

of

organism

be

only

have

matter.

friction

unnatural
the

to

book,

it, including

at

an

sense

political

one

organism

disaster

of
if

by

this

discussed

within

political

another

larger

of

defines

have

who

its

chapter
one

every

presence

policy

first

the

Jews

the

in

problem

think

many

to

has

if

and,

that

say

and

find

to

him,

the

to

dangerously

fact,

of

enough

mount
tanta-

was

the

this

at

break

persists.

state

practical

immortal

himself

stands

it

as

attempt

is not

It

and

ignoring
to

this

and

problem

farther

go

of

bound

was

down,
the

PROBLEM

solution

problem

that

saying

to

old

the

broken

had

THE

OP

that

Jewish

the

and

said

last

my

denying

or

PHASE

PRESENT

THE

III

it

of

the

affairs

and

of

true

in

the

hurt
tion
solusome

strain

THE

44

JEWS
/

re-establish

and

should

solution

possible, of

it is the
and
"

the

general

their

each

We

is not
and

enough.
develop it

the

friction

in

and

and

ease

of the

of such
far

as

without

problem

of

party

irritation

consequent

end

other.

statement
to

presence

The

functioning, as

the

the

to

one

this

But

be

parties, at

both

disturbance

relations.

normal

and

an

alien

friction
it

"

on

that

body
each

closely
greater detail, describing how
the
irritation
are
increasing :
must

pursue

more

become
a
insisting that they have
even
menace.
far as
discover
Then
set
out
to
we
as
only can
character
the
exact
possible by analysis what
disease
and
bears
why it is of this character.
Only
after
all this can
we
explore a remedy.
When
last

look

we

twenty

places, and
inhabiting

round

years,

we

among
the
most
is for

world,

modern

the

say

the

discover, in widely separate

different
interests, and
very
diverse

characters,

the

sence
pre-

politicalfeeling:
it
from
irritation
to
runs
exasperation, from
it is everywhere
directed
grumbling to invective
;
One
activity after another, in
against the Jews.
which
the Jews
are
variously in the right or in the
aroused
indifferent, has
or
hostility in
wrong,
varying degrees but increasing and though the
still,as I have
said, dissociated
danger- spots are
in the
main,
beginning to coalesce
yet they are
inimical
Israel.
and
to
to form
large areas
in finance, in industry,
It is objected of the Jew
in commerce
where
he is ubiquitous and
powerful
that he seeks,
of all proportion to his numbers
out
It is
and
has
reached, dominion.
already almost
he
acts
against the
objected that
everywhere
these
of his hosts ; that
interests
being interare
of what

"

many

new

"

"

"

PHASE

PRESENT

with, guided,

fered

is

power
what

indifferent

to,

and
which

inherited

the

arrived

to

become

might

feed

them.
be

we

modern

differenc
in-

said

be

to

opposition against,
religious traditions,
of Christendom

desire

and

to

preserve

proof

of the

we

are

trying

violent

by taking

we

insistence

as

to

were

special example

Anti-Semitism."
examine

to

that

only
problem

be

not

of the

gravity
also

solve, but

to

they

shall find it to
and

another

cohesion,

Jewish

form, called"

phenomenon,

the

later in this book,

come,

after

example

How

seen

their extreme
When

with

opposition

it

morals

feelingsgrew as one
Jewish
strength,

These

is

that

is Israel.

power

of

active

and

will

inactive

or

feelings, our

have

we

that

in

or

their

45

either

Notably

general culture

the

PROBLEM

acts

love

we

love.

national

our

which

what

we

THE

against

run

present
to

to

OF

of

explanation

some

its nature.

Upon a world thus already exasperated, and

some
large sections
exasperated to the point
unreason

full

for the

"

of

effect

unreason

of

which

the

Bolshevist

harm

no

hitherto

there

"

struck

hear

anti-Semitic

both

at

of

the

shielded

drive

and

was,

suddenly

fell the

revolution:

the

benevolent

Jews,

and

those

in
of

is,

double

revolution
who

would

who

had

identified
obeyed them
as
only with the interests of large Capital. It was
a
blow
in flank
under
which
the
staggered both
supporters of Jewish
neutralityand the dependants
Jewish

upon

The
field

old
;

but

or

finance.
Liberal
when

officiallyheld
shattering explosion came

policy
this

still

Bolshevism
compelled attention.
violence
and
problem with
a

stated
an

the

insistence

the
it

Jewish
such

THE

JEWS

longer

be

46

it could

that

blindest

fanatic

Such

leading

the

to

up

that

little farther

lifetime

founded

most

when

ago,
when

and

denied

either

resolute

liar.

largest lines, the

trace

us

from
A

the

or

in its

was,

sequence
find.
Let
and

no

we

now

detail

more

Liberal

conditions

its establishment,

in

sequence
back.

the

historical

recent

of affairs

state

the

by

policy

was

favourable

were

to

populace might still nourish

its traditional
antagonism to the Jew, but in the
his numbers
West
of Europe
limited
were
very
and
in
thousand
France
(only a few
England
and
in Italy).
combined,
hardly as many
He
belonged for the most
part to the classes that
did not come
into direct competition with
the poor
of the
the
From
large towns.
countrysides he
absent.
He
had
his
not
was
attempted to govern
in
hosts as a politician,nor,
to
large measure,
any
them
indoctrinate
The
through the Press.
rapid
decline
of religion at that
time
broke
down
one
the
transformation
of the governing
barrier, and
classes

from

plutocracy
that

the

citizens
or,

old territorial

broke
Jew

of the

further

that

contributed

began
liberal

to

the

compete

professions

end,

without

as

the

marked

and

note

individuals
tunes
forboth

finance

while

successfully in

politan
cosmo-

industrial

new

international
same

that

could

prominent

The

last lived,

he had

which
of

new

the

in which

and

nation.

to

to

convention

The

by the break-up of
had
society which

eighteenth century,
register the movements
and

modern

the
indistinguishable from
country in which he happened to live,

fostered

nation

the

to

was

aristocratic

from

Lords

another.

down

rate, from

at any

was

the

the

the

every

also

Jew
one

of the

yet dominating

any

of

conflicts

No

them.

Jewish

Poles

these

and

Waterloo

the

from

1870-71,

the
of

years

any

of

after

succeeding
the weight

civilization

in Western

Jew

the

between

exception perhaps
subject and silenced.

time,
in

47

interests

immediately

years
French

of the

position of

were

the

to

defeat

the

all this

Throughout

arisen

national

with

people,

PROBLEM

THE
had

the

and

race

European
the

OF

PHASE

PRESENT

the
and

increased

shock,
knowledge and yet without
without
almost
and
attracting attention.
They
the Parliaments
entered
everywhere, the English
in very
large
Peerage as well, and the Universities
all

of

out

Jew

numbers.

Britain, another

Minister

Prime

became

of Great

principal leader of the Italian

another
led the opposition to Napoleon
resurrection
;
III.
They were
present in increasing numbers
of every
in the chief institutions
They
country.
began to take positions as fellows of every important
Oxford
and
Cambridge
college; they counted
national
literatures;
heavily in the
Browning
Arnold
and
families, for instance, in England;
Mazzini
in Italy. They
for the first time
came
into European
diplomacy. The armies and navies
alone
were
as
by their influence.
yet untouched
Strains

of them

families.
which
of

The

they

which

rapidly

were

institution

are

so

is Jewish
and

anonymous

very
Press

commercial
power.
It is

an

change

was

create

present in the

even

illusion
Jewish

it,he floated

of

reigning
(with

Freemasonry

closely allied and all the ritual

in character) increased
very
of
greatly. The
an
growth
and
of an
increasingly anonymous
system
to

in
upon

further

believe

origin.

that

their

extended

all this

The

it,but it worked

Jew

did

great
not

manifestly

THE

48

JEWS

his

find him
of it
at the end
advantage, and we
represented on the governing institutions of Western
hundredfold
than
Europe fifty or one
more
was
in proportion to his numbers.
his due
The
Jews
intermarried
everywhere with the leading families
and, before any sign that a turn of the tide had taken
that position in
place, they had already achieved
which
they are now
being assailed and to oust them
from
which
such
preparing.
strong efforts are
which
this
cut
Perhaps the first event
across
to

unbroken

ascent

Not

1870-1.

that

its

that

field, but

this

the

was

of

defeat

effects

nation

the

French

in

immediate

were

defeated

is the

in
more

likely to raise a grievance, real or imaginary;

for social misfortunes
following
seeking a cause
its.military disasters, it will naturally fix upon
international
blame

the

alien

its

Moreover,
date

the

which

on

In

It

part.

still

rather

French

gave

greater part

its

defeat

them

on
an

and
own.

also

temporal

the

the

in the

was

the

also

this

one,

than

overthrown

was

Papacy.

their

played
to play

of the

national

population

date

of the

power

than

rather

in

Jews

had

opportunity

immediate

future

few
Rome
a
Italy. Within
was
years
Jewish
to see
a
Mayor who
supported with all his
might the unchristianizing of the city and especially
of

the

new

of its educational
small

One

business
of
was
news

and

the

quarter

rise to

agents,
the

of

the

monopoly
among

the

prominent

which

various

in
the

"

nineteenth

of the

of Jews

presence

of
most

significant factor
70' s and
early 80' s

but

of these

last

the

system.

Jewish

Reuters
as

whole

beginning
century

"

international

prominent,

international

spondents
corre-

the
newspapers,
Opper, a Bohemian

great

example being

was

the

PHASE

PKESENT

"

of

ioiThe

international

hand

was

Semitic

Their

Paris

as

in those

paper

a,

name

days

influence.
the

reaction

that

at

was

sundry definitely antiand France,

writings appearing in Germany
effect

in

found

be

to

latter

in the

noticeable

most

acted

years

Times,

expression of

first

The

for

49

false

the

originunder

and

Blowitz,"

de

correspondent
of

his

concealed

who

Jew,

PROBLEM

THE

OF

at first

was

country.

slight,though they

the

had

The
documentation.
high advantage of extensive
men
shrugged their
great majority of educated
agancies
shoulders
and
passed such things by as the extrav-

less

the

quotation

which

laid

could

those

who

foundation

the

the

of

not

most

were

the

mind

contemptuous

of

in

by
facts

of

quantity

remain

but

none

action

future

of

immense

an

fanatics

these

but

fanatics;

of

of

even

the

new

In these
books
special insistence
propaganda.
themselves
the Jews
laid upon
exposing what
"

crypto- Judaism"

is, the

that

"

was

call

where
every-

presence

in
of men
Western
Europe
throughout
important public positionswho passed for English,
French
what
really Jews.
not, but were
or
In many
(I have
already quoted the poet
cases
Browning and the distinguished family of Arnold)
these
not
hiding their religion but
people were
had
munity
comsimply drifted from the originalJewish
of which
but
an

the
am

in

element

others

where

to

there

of conscious

undo

its effects

their

fanaticism

array

of

facts

had

ancestors
was

that
;

which

and,
was

or

It

produced

members,

been

more

secrecy.

object of those who

describing to attack

and

vast

most

their

less

evidently

was

the

they

literature

in
secrecy
I have
as
most

present

particular
said,

even

ridiculed,
marshalled

the

could

JEWS

THE

50

without

be

not

its effect

contemporaries.
There
next
appeared
actions
the

the

upon

series

undertaken

by

of their

memory

of

direct

Jewish

national
inter-

finance,

the
important of which, of course,
was
drawing of Egypt into the European system, and
particularly into the system of Great Britain.
Of
effect
the
public opinion was
more
upon
excitement
of the
in France
and,
Dreyfus case
African
War,
immediately afterwards, of the South
in England.
The
characteristic
of the Dreyfus
not
was
case
the discussion
the
of the
guilt or innocence
upon
most

unfortunate
the

from

man

immense

international
This

surrounded.

was

affair of the whole

an

interest

in it in the

though they had

engaged.
Such
a
phenomenon
of onlookers

Jewish
added

question
to

it the

it takes

clamour

who
a

could
had

thought,

great

ordeal

made

as

not

an

passionate

principalsactually
astonish

but

hitherto
and

it

of civilization

corners

the

title, but
which

was

took

men

remotest

been

its
with

affair

local

world, and

as

mass

whom

not

when

of the

War,

South

given
there

the
the
was

African

openly and
undeniably provoked and
moted
proin South
interests
Africa, when
by Jewish
that war
was
unexpectedly prolonged and proved
so
and
so
treasure,
unexpectedly costly in blood
a
element
second
added
to the
was
growing feeling,
not
Jewish
to
yet, indeed, of antagonism
power
France
(half cultured
was
Dreyfusard, and much
the Boer
than
half England
favoured
War
at
more
its origin) but
of interest
in the Jewish
question,
of curiosity, on
the part of the average
citizen,
,

who

had

not

hitherto

heard

of

it.

The

OF

PHASE

PRESENT

originalminority

Jewish

with

power,

Semites,
rather

with

world

than

of

core

control

with

problem, tended
with
ment,
a
growing move-

always happens
events
appeared to
and

growth
The

to

Panama

suit themselves

promote

it.

scandals

in the

already fed the

"later Parliamentary

modern

the

of

racial

any

As

grow.

begun to oppose
left wing of Antiwhose
quarrel was

men

financial

the

51

had

which

their extreme

their

and

PROBLEM

THE

had

in

that

to

Parliament

French

movement

to

The

France.

England, Marconi
the rest, afforded
and
so
astonishing a parallelto
universal
that
the
of
Panama
similarity was
comment.
They might have
passed as isolated
now
They were
nected,
conthings a generation before.
of a
often
unjustly, with the uneasy
sense
at
general financial conspiracy. They were,
any
connected
with
rate,
essentially
an
atmosphere
in

Jewish

there

diversified
which

and

are

disturbance

new

and

each

The

succoured
Middle

asylum
was

the

Jews

entertained

of

Jewish

race

of Poland

which

had

Ages.

Poland
Jews

the

by

who

years

each
Jews

problem

all classes

was,
so

persecutions

cared

to

nobly
of the

itself

made
go

to

of

an

it, and

partition inaugurated
of something like half

home

world.

the

had

infamous

still the
the

Jewish

the

of

during

after

by Prussia,

of the

Jews

for all the

now,

which

Jews

the

form.

country

the

of those

one

thousand
history for two
almost
always the prelude to
in the
equilibrium of the

acute

that

of

movements

great reservoir

course,

late

already begun

resuscitation

new

its most

in

had

migratory

have

in

character.

Meanwhile

great

scandals

The
of

hatred

of

the

Jews

Russians, the persecu-

THE

52

tions

the

JEWS

they

most

were

The

United

was

it

novel

westerly
also

there

of

growth

English

industrial

towns,

London,

while

York

from

city

Paris

and

New

had

been

in

Poland

the

exodus.

new

mainly

one,

in

arose

since
where

the

to

connection
the

in

great ghettoes

particularly
slowly transformed
population as London

more
was

of Jewish

free

as

Russia,

of

part

started

States, but

with

that

numerous,

movement

fact that

the

they suffered from

partition,governed

the

past,

to

in

in which

one

either
of its inhabitants
became
good third or more
or
entirely Jewish
partly Jewish.
in full swing
This
vast
was
immigration, which
the
and
outbreak
of the
just before
great war,
ing
which
was
adding so active a leaven to the increashad even
ferment, which
planted the beginnings
which
of a ghetto in Paris
and
was
affecting the
of the West,
whole
was
more
supplemented by one
factor
first importance.
of the
the
had
Modern
Jew
so
capitalism, by which
he
did not
originate
largely benefited, but which
Jewish
and
in
which
few,
prominent,
though
names,

and

reaction

the

Jews

but

it

The
the

assumed

socialist

fell

name

of

powerful exponent

most

did

more

no

than

of

Marx)
of
copy

at

nor

and

counterpart
This, again,

movement.

more

family

its

for

originate,

not

rapidly

control.

he

the

did

had

immixed,

so

were

first

direct;

under

more

Mordecai

(who

their
had

produced in Karl a
that
theory. Though
and

follow

his

non-

Blanc,
a
(especially Louis
Francoof genius), he presented in complete
Scot
form
the full theory of Socialism, economic,
social,
and, by implication, religious; for he postulated
Jewish

instructors

Materialism.

PHASE

PRESENT
Karl

After

the

against
Before

staff

Socialist

direction

and

while

the

West,

in

the

East

politicalform
revolutionary force in
in

Such

direction
the

was

War.

Men

could

capitalist
revolt.
that

say

far

so

economic

in

the

Russian

as

well, and

the

on

Empire
the growing
"

equally

of the

eve

in

form

Empire was
driving power.

situation

its

as

that

and

the

Jewish;

was

purely

"

rebellion

determined

concerned,

Jewish

the

of

movement,

this

took

it

riots,
compat-

proletariat in

one

were

53

his

of

crowd

War

Great

the

and

it took

came

the industrial

the

of

PROBLEM

THE

increasing power
began to organize a

system, and
whole

Marx

led

who

OF

Great

beginning to be thoroughly alive

The
to what
meant
was
by the Jewish
problem.
old security was
but
dispelled for ever;
as
yet
only a minority, though now
a
large one,
was
prepared to deal with that problem and to discuss
it openly.
All that
official,and
was
particularly
the

were

in

refused
the

The

position.
to

strong.

On

old

the

influence,

vast

face

the

yet

as

realities

of

convention

forbidding public
still very
question was
it
seemed
as
though

Jewish

the

to

had

surface

policy

unshakeable.

The

still

stood

Jews

were

firm
in

and,
every

of

place
all

'vantage : they taught in the Universities

in
the
Europe;
they were
everywhere
everywhere in finance.
They were
tinually
conbe
found
in the
to
highest places of

Government

they

the

Liberal

indeed,

Press;

its

department

any

allusion

of

with

Press,

and

in the

chanceries

of Christendom

had

which
acquired a dominant
none
power
could
the
question. But
challenge against this
unnatural
position necessarily worked
against

great

odds,

it

remained

private

and

had

great

THE

54

JEWS

the
less, it
difficultyin finding expression. None
and
serious.
extended,
by 1914 had become
immeasurable
The
catastrophe of the war
the Jews
with
which
had
nothing to do and which
their
more
important financial representatives did
fell
all they could
It
to prevent
Europe.
upon
seemed
at first as
though, in the face of that overwhelming
had
been
so
rapidly
tragedy, what
I mean
the
debate
and
conflict
growing
upon
"

"

"

claims

Jewish

would

"

silenced.

be

The

Jews

fighting gallantly in all the armies.

services
Their
were
generously acknowledged,
though the cruel ambiguity of their situation
was
hardly realized.
Considering that
they had
no
interest
national
in the fight,it must
have
seemed
them
to
mere
a
insanity, crucifying their nation
For
well
to no
Zangwill put the matter
purpose.
he
those
when
said that
who
indeed
eagerly and
first
spontaneously
joined the
recruiting (and
found

were

these

The

Israel."
its

presence

much

sacrifice

who

had

race

lost

the

his

nations

whom
on
see

Jewish
the

I had

Mangin's
these

was

priest witnessed

the

should

States

In

and
have

family in its
Jewish
neighbour
concern

at

fruit.

it, would

no

The

have

never

Thus,

of his

agony
of
defender

his side not

volunteer.
United

side

soldier.
saw

of

silenced

was

for

honour

Christian

in what

son

Jewish

conscript (who
from

its

the

without

but

The

Christian

young

Western

the

which,

at

saw

for

not

was

unprobed.

bereavement

"

so

complaint

many

revealed

was

remained

the

did

numerous)

were

the

only
been

the

the

Jewish

called) but

first
later

of

to

enlist

promoted,
the
of meeting
pleasure and honour
staff at Mayence.
I hope he
may

lines.

was

Jew,

PKESENT
looked

It

OF

PHASE

the Jews
suffering, which
them
growing quarrel between
be appeased.
had
Men
who
of
only for their discussion

Jewish

and

power

Jewish

claims,

rest

This

the

the

when,
that

came

in

the

calculab
factor, in-

rules

now

all

the

is called Bolshevism.

of what

factor

Jewish

new

would

...

struggle,
important, which

mean

the

been

air

the

in

was

of

heat

now

were

Keconciliation
very

to

even

us,

ourselves

and

such

prominent not
Jewish
the
problem,
to
antagonism
open
the most
legitimate of
compelled to silence.

and

direct

their

for

of

presence
with
shared

but

55

the

in

though

as

PEOBLEM

THE

the

changed

movement

whole

things and, coming on the top of the rest,

has transformed
the problem for all our
generation.
it was
Henceforth
to be discussed
quite openly.
it could
and
Henceforth
only become, more
more,
the chief problem of politicsand
give rise to that
solution
of
which
situation
a
menacing
upon
depends the security of our future.
face

of

For

the

Bolshevist

rather

or

sion,
explo-

Jewish.

was

be so
easily confused
may
I must,
at the outset, make

truth

That

falsehood

that

with

it exact

clear.

and

The

Bolshevist
but

movement,

whole.

very

not

whereof

With
What

Jews

indeed,

it;

many
of its evils

injusticeand
I,
so

and

is called

those

the

said
"

Jewish

from

let

of the

as
a

ment,
moverace

extraneous

to

The

whole

confusion

is

of

as

it

typical,
tation
impu-

most

it.

combat

Jews

rate,

any

much

quite

actively
to

Jewish

of the

were

proceeds
at

was

movement

Most

many

abhor

Movement

grave

thought

free.

am
me

Labour,"

return

that

to

is, the

the

affair.

direction

THE

56

the

of

main

as

quality, his
this

have

we

the

by

All

revolt

proletarian
had,

JEWS

devotion

directed
his

energy,

to

Russia

to

in

the

international

scheme,

set

peculiar

not

been

seen,

His

Jew.

was

tions,
against capitalistcondi-

prevailed.

but

present

of the West.
throughout the industrialized
areas
I do not
directed"
By the word
mean
any
conscious
that the Jews, with
their
plan. I mean
from
to
perpetual movement
country,
country
their
with
natural
indifference
to national
feeling
force counteracting class feeling, with
their
as
a
lucid thought and their passion for deduction,
with
their
intellectual
tenacity and
industry, had
the
chief
the
and
naturally become
exponents
able
leaders.
most
all, the
They formed, above
cement
binding the movement
out
together throughthe world.
It was
than
others,
they, more
any
"

insisted

who
which

on

clear-cut

solution

lines

the

upon

their

had copied from

compatriot Karl Marx
his greater European
made
contemporaries, and
book
definite in his famous
on
Capital.
there

But

this

between
of

all the

was

intellectual

socialism

remained

mere

difference

management

of

it in

from

to

practice.

theory

The
words

". social

words
in

and

1914

while
the

revolution"
did

in 1917
seriously. But when
accomplished suddenly
was

State,

and

when

masters

were

seen

to

with
of

only
these

few

controlled

its

be

world

non-

by

at

it

take

passed

still but
them

Jewish

too

socialist revolution
one

blow,

in

agents, directors

close

the

when

actual

and

were

not

still

Socialism

control

great State

men

great

the

leadership, this organization

by Jews
theory,and
a

in

one

and

corporation of Jews
hangers-on (each
Jews

through

one

PKESENT

PHASE

influence

national

had

of

than

all, so

many

who

property
far

avarice

Christian

More

important

is

silent upon

fear,

or

that

to

menace

problem

Jewish

matter.

whole

immediate.

the

From

speak.

The

the

to

remained

had

of convention,
to

and

57

another

quite

actual.

was

as

PROBLEM

THE

was

become

traditions

ethic

it

another),

or

thing

The

OF

it

were

concerned,
account

on

compelled
early '17, it

now

in

moment,

time:
politicalproblem of our
coincident
with, intimately mixed
with, but in all
its implications superior to, the
great economic
grafted.
now
quarrel on to which it was
Russian
The
The
be
briefly told.
story may
for modern
had
State, ill-equipped
passed
war,
during the end of the year 1916
through a strain
it had
intolerable.
which
found
Russian
Society,
after

of

chief

the

became

the

mortal

losses sustained,

dissolution, and
which

movement

and

had

third

time

in

for

hands

broke

situation

part of

191

which

8 to

freely-elected
Dictatorship
The
workshops

the

the

organizations
villages, where
the

land

and

armies
In

were

to

the
were

to

in future

Russian

were

the

Proletariat"

the

"

peasants

streaming
their

practice, of course,
proletarian Government,

be

and

mittees,
Com-

by

similar

and

agriculture
had
already
back

the

declared.

run

Soviets,"

control

early

towns

was

to

into

the

repudiated

was

time

it settled

In

present day.

of

this

from

endured

Parliament

;c

in

has

for

out,

but

successfully.
After
rapidly acceleratingphases
the

its direction

generation:

our

eve

revolutionary
left

years

the

upon

formidable

Jewish

in

organization

the

the

was

from

in

the

seized

the

solved
dis-

homes.
what
still

was

less

set

up

was

anything

no
so

THE

58

JEWS

contradictory in terms
as
a
of proletarians. The
thing was
called
The
of
the
Workmen
and
Eepublic
in fact, nothing of the sort.
Peasants."
It was,
It
the pure
was
despotism of a clique, the leaders of
been
which
had
Russia
specially launched
upon
impossible and
dictatorship"
"

"

direction

German

under

chance

of

set

under

in

revival

order

break

to

down

of Russian

military power,
all those leaders, without
Jews,
exception, were
held
Jews
or
through their domestic
by the
all that followed
done
relations, and
was
directly
of Jews,
the
the
orders
under
most
prominent of
who
whom
Braunstein,
one
was
disguised himself
assumed
of Trotsky.
under
the
A
terror
name
any
and

was

up,

which

massacred

were

able
innumer-

of the

governing classes, so that the

whole
framework
of the Russian
State disappeared.
must
these, of course,
specially be noted
Among
of the
the
clergy, against whom
great numbers
Jewish
revolutionaries
had
a
particular grudge.
Russians

clean

organization, and
Jewish
clique the
Food

and

towns)
worked

old

rationed, the

manual

The

but
were

the

in

orders

unable

reverted

to

to

ownership.

enforce

the
But

the

were

and

their

troops

rule

and

the

receiving
unless

of the

he

of

the

raid

great
support

of their

it

peasant
of

Committees
to

towns

it, and

over

condition

Jewish

strong

(in

share

Committees

enough
agricultural production for

towns

this

theory nationalized,

in

natural

of

masters.

new

their

social

reversed.

was

labourer
any

of the

old

controlled

none

agriculturalland was
practice the Jewish

the

order

were

and

all

despotism

economic

all necessities

and

at

the

under

largest share;

the

of

made

was

sweep

areas

of

the

of

selves
them-

dependants

in

PRESENT
the cities,who

had

followed

What
the

come

Russians

the

of the

misery

system.
common

whole

of

slow

the

towns,

of the

Christian

all

decline

newly-

of industrial

rigid despotism,
the
and
general

who

men

thus

into

State

their

failed

and

the

them,

motives

knowledge:
by scattered

teered
eagerly volungreatly increased

stake

at

production (in spite of the most

enforcing conscript labour),
deliquescence of society.
If the

led

that

believed

were

defend

to

through

military leaders,

peasants

farms

acquired

close to starvation

is of

later

other

and

because

59

counter-revolution,

at

attempts

PROBLEM

social

of the

breakdown

the

THE

OF

PHASE

ruins

brought
within

the
few

should, it is to be preanalysed, we
sumed,
their
discover
something of this sort:
the
main
motive
was
pursuit of the politicaland
ideals of which
the spokesmen
economic
they were
which
of their compatriots,
and
already so many
the
Jews,
throughout the rest of Europe, had
communism
far as
was
espoused
so
property

weeks

were

"

concerned

the

Marxian

distribution;

and

imposed by arbitrary
favouring those who
In

favoured.
the

motives
the

doctrine

for

the

of

of

leaders
national

doctrine

despotic arrangements,

had

in

motive

the

and
was

in

Communism

be

added

feeling,

nation

Russian

Socialist

the

duction
pro-

least

past been

of
politicalgroup
probably enough,

which

these

men,

part, sincerely believed.

must

national

Jewish

of

socialist

of

and

this economic

leading

most

this

To

doctrine

save,

equally
of

national

ridiculous,

as,

must

seem

the

hatred

where

The

feeling seemed
indeed,

sincere

course,

concerned.

was

feeling

an

the

conception
to

these

conception

ridiculous

to

new

of

their

THE

60

JEWS

compatriots everywhere;
more
subsidiary to the
individual
advantage and
immediate

ridiculous,

not

motives
important
to the
righting of

the

as

wrongs

if

or,

individual

of
such
feel.

may

Christian

religionthey naturally attacked, for

their social theory.
abhorrent
it was
to
certain
a
crusading, or propaThey also had
gandist,
ideal running through the whole
of their
the
desire
far
action
to
spread Communism
of what
had
been
the
once
beyond the boundaries
The

"

Russian

It

State.

is this

which

intriguethroughout Central, and

of revolution.
Europe, in favour
the
these
main
were
Though
motives
It

also

must

have

been

in

even

them

to

Western,
other

motives,

present.

consisting
impossible that Committees
and
thus
suddenly finding themselves

is

Jews

control

of

such

desired

to

benefit

impossible

that

of revenge

new

should
powers,
their
It
fellows.

they should
against that

have

which

people in the past.

They
have
the
destroying of Russia,
desire
to
advantage the individual
desire

tradition

denied,

to
as

and

take

whole

I know

vengeance
it has
;
not

equally

cannot

but,

mixed

with

in
a

Russian

even

the

poor
national

the

upon

where

in

have

not

is

of

ment
forgone a sentihad
persecuted

their

the

led

has

been

said

truth

lies

but

"

that

"

incident
guilty of the worst
in all its revolting details
the
which
we
murder
of the Russian
Royal family father, mother
and
girls,and the unfortunate
sickly heir, the only
tees
boy. Further, it is impossible, with Jewish CommitJews

were

among
know
now

those

"

"

thus

Russian
not

have

control

in
means

had

of the

Russian

of communication,
some

sympathy

treasury
that

with

they
their

and

of

should
com-

PRESENT

patriots who
finance.

were

largelyin

so

control

61

of

Western

detestation

their

sincere

However

PROBLEM

THE

OF

PHASE

of

of them
the
capitalism (for probably in most
opinion is held sincerely enough), it is in the nature
and
kind
of things that
of their blood
should,
one
think
however
him, appeal to
misguided they may
them

than

more

explains

world

the

the

revolution

which

alliance

the

and

the

half-heartedness

the

out
through-

financiers

Jewish

of the

It is this

of

find

you

control

Jewish

other.

the

on

it is this which

And

ours.

between

hand

one

the

half

the

of

one

on

Russian

which

explains
shevism,
against Bol-

defence

perpetual commercial
protest,
continued
negotiations, the
recognition of
Soviet by our
Labour
of
politicians,the clamour
the

the
the

"

in

favour

of

against

Poland

Jewish

finance

which

we

of the

Jewish

which

had

problem
for
was

more

than

the

fact

that
of

is, by

the
most

and

back

the

mention

was

any

were

well-to-do
of

those

therefore

him

forces

two

which

of that

had
to

word

difference

harboured
Jews

the

minster.
West-

at

discussion

fiction

to

wherever

discussion

The

generation, according

who
the

head.

and

explosion

the

brought

Liberal

there

those

Press

the tremendous

to

held

even

and

the

problem
that

were

Jew

that

it may,

as

taken

place
powerful, particularly

hitherto

indecent

most

has

call Bolshevism

suggest that

by

is

this

But, be

all that

industrialism

Jewish

German

"

ruled

which

Jew,

it
to

or

between

the

secondly,
erroneously regarded
people in the West
;

and,

"

who
of all

had

the

control

of

public expression
the
at once
as
so
controllingwealth that they were
natural
guardians of property and so placed that
attack
them
of
an
jeopardized the wealth
upon
"

JEWS

THE

62

the

critic.

The

who

man

or

who

had

his life spent

or

who

was

negotiating

who
the

had

to

of

the

running
the

writing
public

each

"

the

great banks

all

and

silence

his

got

had

City,

in Paris,

prise,
capitalistentercapacity with

the

with

or

national
inter-

by sea and land,

precarious living by
felt

hitherto
Jewish

the

upon

the

Bourse

great
any
in whatever

do

who

man

into

gone

upon

of communication

means
even

had

that

problem

was

his

private welfare.
who
recognized the gravity of the problem
hitherto
had
been
moved
by fear to be silent upon
it, at least in public, though in private they were
often
voluble
Those
who
recognized it
enough.
in
also
lesser
been
affected
a
by
degree had
the
fear.
had
the
large class
same
Lastly, you

necessary
Those

to

who

under

were

from

fear

or

necessity

no

other

any

for

restraint, whether
who

but

cause,

quite
they

were

leave

so
long as
things as they were
their regular salary or dividends, and
who
received
interference
that
were
profoundly convinced
any
with
the
dividends
Jew
would
or
imperil those
that
salary.

content

to

Jewish

The
that

of mind.

state

through

found

themselves

nether

millstone.

believed

that
their

advance

to

movement

between

Hitherto

economic

the
risen upon
formidable
Jewish

and

force

reason

to

to

speak.

of property.

keep
And

to

was

silent.

though

There
the

fear,

or

to

they found,
position,a new
upon

the

longer any
growing need

no

was

old

or

secure

determined

was

hitherto

Now

of that

There

to

and
a
upper
least
had
at

an

position.
flank

had

they

silence

suddenly

destruction

who

end

an

convention,

avarice,

keep

put

people

The

silent

been
now

Bolshevist

habit,

the

old

still

was

secrecy,

for

All

became

leaders

truth

by

pretending

that

national;
the

Jewish

and

made

tongue.

Yet

the

of the

agents, jewels stripped

the

specificinstance

one

Communist
it

involved
connections
the
a

true

Trade

under

the

agents

Deputation
Russian

the

the

that

names,

other, of

rifled from

or

subsidy

traced

that

marriage

Jew

service

were

announced

turned

who

this

another

In

out

its first member,

in the

Jewish

the

pompously
to

to

to

Englishman

the

and

which

In

women.

transaction.

was

inspection to consist, as
man
engaged all his life
firm,

of

family through

in

receiving
through Jewish

was

puppet

mere

of

London

every

were

and

men

the
were

upon

dead

promise

proved

was

was

the

in

paper

source;

the

of murdered

strong boxes

they

victims

from

that

forward

were

time

hide

directors,

pretend

to

and

to

"

and

creators

names

same

securities

and

money

real

the
at

late

too

innocently put

so

when

Russian

was

far

effort

The

proclaimed
policy of

asinine

the

"

of the

apparent.

revolution

the

childish

genuine,

character

more

adopting

names

stronger

everywhere

they attempted
origins of its
a

Russian

and

more

necessity

was

Jewish

the

63

the

them,

upon

Communism

of

PROBLEM

THE

Bolshevism

Europe

over

movement

that

strong

Jewish

combating

still.

OF

PHASE

PEESENT

of

upon

of

Jewish

actually
the brother-in-law
of Braunstein
The
!
diplomatic
and
nominated
agent
partially accepted by the
British Government
to represent the new
authority
of the Russian
towns
was
again a Jew, Finkelstein,
the nephew
by marriage of a prominent Jew in this
He
the name
of Litvinoff.
passed under
country.
So it was
in every
throughout the whole movement,
town.
capital and in every
great industrial
as

to

was

JEWS

THE

64

truth that
neglect the very obvious
in all this there
The
was
ample fuel for the flame.
industrial
proletariat throughout the world
was
equally disgusted and
equally ready for revolt.
The
be Jewish
leadership of the movement
may
but
its current
created
To
not
was
by the Jew.
childish errors
imagine that is to fall into the most
We

of

must

"

the

not

Anti-Semite."

from

The

of

stream

influence

the

of
sufferingsand the burning sense
industrial
injustice which
capitalism had imposed
of
the dispossessed mass
on
earners.
They
wage
indifferent
to
(and
were
naturally
as
are)
whether
be
their
those
whom
they hope may
saviours
Timfrom
Palestine, Muscovy
come
or
buctoo.
freedom
They are interested in economic
:
arose

in the

doctrine

of socialism

and

results,

in its

in

not

the

who
personality of those
guide them.
Their
position is comprehensible enough : but my
point is, that the directing minority of Western
been
hitherto
had
European
capitalism which
silent
the Jewish
the motives
problems from
upon
I have
described
released;
were
now
they were
free to speak their
and
mind,
began to speak it.
The

volume

The

cat,
to

or,

will

the

it upon

in

more

be

silenced.

upon

the

the

and
one

even

those

who

increase.

but

cannot

expression goes, is out

more
dignifiedlanguage,

of the
the

bag,

debate

is admitted

It

mainly

is

it has

as

finance

was

tolerate

would

perilwill certainly not

tolerate

other.

The
will

protest

revolutionary leadership
It is recognized as
clearly now
recognized that international

long been
mainly Jewish
silence

their

never

the

Jewish.

as

put it

now

that

of

danger is, indeed,

take
place that is no
"

not

The

over.

peril,but

debate

good;

the

PRESENT

PHASE

is

danger

rather

felt

race,

violent
of

of

To

while

problem
which

would

minority
object

this,

avert

there

every

honest

to

which

yet

brink
those

marked

past.

time,
shame

suffering,
man.

and
and

of
have

solution

some

to

us

us

the

discover
is

bring
among

of

to

in

it

the

upon

catastrophes,

disasters

Israel

be

of

irrational

an

may

those

of
those

of

history

we

Jewish

not

are

take

may

gradually
the

to

who

65

is

restraint

those

that

more

PROBLEM

antagonism

lives,

and

one

tragedies,
the

it

form,

yet

as

all

nearly

by

whom

among

that,
natural

the

removed,

THE

OF

to

of

deeds

prevent
and
should

the

small

that
be

the

THE

GENERAL

CAUSES

FRICTION

OF

CHAPTER

immediate

THE
in

the

incredible

in

the

Jews

the

of

friction

the

Jews,"
"

sources,

is

that

civilization,

reply

now

of

the

reply,
the

hear

from

form

it

though

in

moment

this

at

that

it lies
loose

quarrel

hundred

with

different
tian
Chris-

against
against

social
is

hosts

Our

cause

running

particular
of

the

least)

conspiring

are

in

ship
leader-

quarrel

asked

"

Europe.

and

under

country,
Such

propaganda

they

is the

their

and
at

will

you

being

on

Jews

Industrial

throughout

seemed

economic

(in England,

social

have

ago)

the

now

capitalism.

therefore,
the

Russia.

discussion

would

in

apparent
in

open

years

against

reply

anti-

the

of

assumed

between

will

Revolution

twenty

have

people,

moment

in

England

FRICTION

gravity

new

which

thing

(a

proletariat

Most

the

feature

new

it

to

OF

is the

problem

Jewish

attaching

of

cause

completely

The

of

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

IV

our

own

revolutionaries."

the

almost

this

universal
is

country,

most

imperfect.
friction

The

which

among
more

between

they

profound,

generation

before
small

away

steadily

the

the

at

crisis

present

number

of
the

is

universal.

more

men

Jewish

the

and

dispersed

are

far

Jews

who

far
For

arose,
were

problem,

nations

older,
a

the

far

whole
paratively
com-

ing
hammer-

trying

to

JEWS

THE

70

insistingon its importance,

with
were
quite another
mainly concerned
national
activity the aspect of interaspect of Jewish
controlled
Before
finance
as
by Jews.
that
its modern
proach
gravity the reaspect had assumed
that
their international
against the Jews was
and
racial traditions
against our
position warred
our
patriotisms. Before that again there had been
the reproach of a different religionand
particularly
tion
of the Incarnaof their antagonism
to the doctrine
its

provoke

discussion, and

"

all that

and
there

had

been

reproach

that

against

doctrine.

that

And

great quarrel,the

that

before

even,

bad
citizens
within
the
they were
Empire, perpetually in rebellion
guilty of massacring other Roman

Roman

pagan

from

flowed

it and

citizens.

Islam,

than

civilization

another

In

another

of

set

of

arisen,

had

reproaches

that

in

ours,

or

species of contempt and oppression.

in
there
After
would
long periods of peace
come,
violent
oppression.
particular regions, the most

rather

another

last

the

Within
Morocco

was

human.

He

magnate

any

few

treated

was

passing by.

There
civic
to

All

now

is

the

live is

his

He

him

mark

had
off

gate of

town,

He

twenty

in

to

mount.
dis-

normal

actions

city which

Moroccan

dress

had

but

when

something
might not

as

fellow-beings.

hardly

wall

to

in

Jew

was

the

to

to

forbidden

were

Jew.

this

between

turn

were

life in the

the

his face

to

to

he

though

as

had

particular manner
degraded among
ride through the

instance,

for

years,

as

much

Jews

and

always present,

latent,

now

as

and

to

those
has

say

that

among

always

rising furiously to

the
whom
been

the

friction

they
present,

surface,

GENEEAL

THE

OF

CAUSES

FRICTION

71

grumbling through long periods of uncertain

in all the evils of persecunow
boiling over
tion
peace,
now

which

"

between

is

its action

for

been

force

to

as

that

say

while

non-Jew,

and

Jew

excuses

much

as

finding

different

on

permanently

work

at

this friction
different

occasions,

has

everywhere

and

all times.

at

What
The
we

is the

of it ?

cause

What

is its nature

difficult to approach, because

is very
dealing with things susceptibleof positive

matter
not

are

from
historical record
that
can
proof. You
prove
You
show
its terrible
the thing has existed.
can
effects, ceaselessly recurrent
throughout all our
matter
to analyse the
history. But it is another
which
forces
such
produce it, and
unseen
any

analysis can
I

take

be

it that

the

which

causes

the

with

and
up

social

There
those

mean

able.
ineradic-

are

Jewish

of the

tradition, their

corporate

kinds.

summed

be

effort may
whole
texture

friction, with

it,by which

always present

are

Their
that

this

of two

are

for

first,general causes

attempt.

an

of

causes

results,

all its lamentable

are,

than

more

no

in the

truth

nation, their

mind,

is at

issue

whom
they live. There
people among
I mean
social
next, specialcauses,
are,
by which
lead to friction and
and
actions
expressions which
chief of which
could
be modified, the two
the
are
use

and

the

of secrecy
the
open

neighbours

deal

consider

the

the

to

outset

sufficient

the

Jews

as

expression

which

is wrong
I will

at

by

the

Jew

of

method

of

superiority

cannot

action
his

over

help feelingbut

emphasize.
with

these

general causes
that

mere

explanationof

in
;

their

though

summary

the

order, and
I must

of them

phenomenon.

first
admit
is

no

There

JEWS

THE

72

would

something
mysterious about

more

even

be

to

seem

profound

more

it.

For

and

it will

be

that, while the closest intimacy

universally conceded
individuals
of the
and
respect is possible between
to great
two
come
opposing races, the moment
you
and
especially to the popular instinct in
groups,
the

matter,

is

issue

an

by

the

gravest

too

deep

differences

mere

friction

than

of

is

be

to

is

for

though

as

either
men
filling
on
with
indeed
side, not
hostility it is
necessary
is
against any such
necessity that all this book
but
written
certainly with conflicting ends.

there

were

inward

accounted
It

temper.

It

apparent.

some

force

"

"

It is first to be

the

of

the

against

made

very

advanced
mark

the

most

of the

by

their

enemies

rebuttals
Jews

of

their

and

they attempt
really something

is
is

equally

of

true

the

Jews,

of the

them

and

of the

denials

of these

mark

because

miss

They

in

express

their

by

in

lies

outline

colour,

the

tune

the

not

on

air at

played :
was
King

it

that

shrill

on

the

or

"

to

they attempt

to

what

should

They

are

two

their

be

doing
pictures
interest

something of
which
something

instruments

he
"

heard

because
real

The
to

"

us

we

is

God

save

it

played

he heard

point

(or

which

upon

that

say

booming

appear

bestowed

virtues.

because

violoncello.
Jews

of

should
"

concrete.

affirms

point
the

miss

ascribed

another.

he

who

"

virtues

he

when

all but

whistle

penny

played

is not

or

as

"

while

accusations

highly
praise

compares
in point of fact

fundamental

it is
the

when

does

most

put in abstract

category

one

of

terms

man

of

terms

in

expressed
what

the

special

and

defenders,

to

the

upon

accusations

those

because

this

And

that

Jews

proper
by the

what

form

noted

to

to

note

them)

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

certain
possess
that in their
but

in

lacks
Thus

the

will hear

you

for three

such

to

take

treason

"

innumerable

Jews

vices

which

timbre

it

avarice

cowardice,
of

three

the

their

commonest

actions

and

highest

courage,
devoted

of the

instances

their

arraigned by

as

examine

You

accusations.
find

specialnational

73

ours.

enemies
and

each

case

FRICTION

qualitiesand defects,
quality or defect has a

abstract

to

specialcharacter,

OF

you

the
most
generosity and
generosity and loyalty of a
loyalty : but courage,
Jewish
to Jewish
ends, and stamped
kind, directed
Jewish
mark.
with
a
highly distinctive
the

greatest

The

who

man

they do
fight fought
that

means
a

nor

is that

discovered
the

of which

he

one

the

Jew

sake

show

if the

on

could

make

to

man

of his

cowardice

Is it

sacrifice his life

people

own

who

killed

Did

the

Was

it cowardice

surrounded
their
stand

following

chief

to

by

all the

in

their

on

walk

the
up

enemies
midst?

dice
cowar-

that

young
Prime

Russian

the

Russo-Japanese
in

crowded

of his
Is

race,

it

even

deliberately

Minister, the antagonist of his people,after

revolution

actions

catalogue

alone.

experience

nor

means

it to

deny

has

under

courage

endless

an

he

ends,

same

word

kind,

shown

is not

for the

nor

All

fashion.

reflection

cannot

young

his

his

fight of

courage

But

contemporary
in

for

the

mode.

same

anything,
from

after

cowardice

of

Jews

enjoy

not

circumstances,

same

in the

the

accuses

first
?

war

theatre,
and

cowardice

shoot
to

against the vast alien majority, and to

do so over
and over
again, perhaps through a whole
lifetime, insisting on
things that are
grossly unpopular
with
that majority and
running a risk the
whole
time
of physical violence
find Jews
You
?
up

JEWS

THE

74

adopting

that

think

is

it

unbroken

through

The

thing

so

that

those

who

under

the

violent

and

death?

it is clear

and

accusation

are

with

of courage

mittent
inter-

founding
con-

courage

attribute.

think

other

an

form

own

universal

They

such

make

of

years

ridiculous,

is

one

their tradition

thousand

two

stated

their
a

to maintain

spoliation

torture,

Can
Europe.
has
permitted

over

which

cowardice
of this nation

individuals

as

all

attitude

because

that

and

circumstances

show

Jews

courage
from
way

in another

corresponding to another
appetite, as
it were,
it is no
therefore
to think
longer courage
:
like that is to confess
yourself very limited.
I can
of courageous
testify,myself, to any number
I have
I am
which
acts
seen
performed by Jews.
in warfare, of which
not
alluding to acts of courage
is ample
there
evidence, but to acts of a sort in
themselves,

which

quality

would

race

our

timbre

or

Rather

of

than

more

have

not

I will

courage.

twenty

shown

years

the

cite

ago,

one

when

same
case.

feeling

when
at its height and
was
Dreyfus case
the feeling of the French
in particular was
Army
white
be in the town
of
at
to
heat, I happened
Mmes,
through which, at the time, a body of
I sat was
passing. The cafe in which
troops was
filled with
were
hardly
sergeants. There
young
civilians present beside
myself. There
came
any
into the place an
elderly Jew, very short in stature,
with
the physical characteristics
of
highly marked
on

the

his

race,

an

unmistakable

Jew.

He

was

somewhat

weight of his years, with fiery eyes

of
and
voice.
a
singularly vibrating intonation
violent
He
of the
most
was
selling broadsheets
insults
He
kind, all of them
against the Army.
bent

under

the

this

into

came

all could

that

with

cafe

slowly
ironicallyofferingthem
headlines,

their

and

swords

cavalry.
Every
occasions

into

transformed

be

moment

with
the

of

were

such

on

at

may

any

ferent.
difvery
politelywaved

something

sergeant after another

One

the

assembly

temper
which

so

of

in uniform

they

French

silence

complete

"

the

knows

one

side, for

their

at

lads

the

to

letters
the

round

went

75

his hand

in

sheets

the

large capital

the

see

FRICTION

OF

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

the
He
round
went
passed him on.
whole
lot of them,
gazing into their faces with his
time
ironical
an
piercing eyes, wearing the whole
the
smile
of insult, describing at intervals
nature
of his goods, and
when
he had
done
that he went
him

aside

out

unharmed.
It

astonishing sight. I have

astonishing and as vivid, but
as
it surpassed.
Here
never
seen

was

I have

old and

feeble,
he

the

by
held

but

was

courage
in every

we

of

now

founded,
Take

you

small

man,

minority

it the

very

highest quality.
evidence

see

may

action

You

have

all entertain

should

shall

see

it

When

again
the

you

title of courage.
of that

throughout the
the beginning

to-morrow,

avarice.

deny

Jerusalem;

we

was

insolence, offensiveness, what

in Jewish
age.

of the

courage

very

courage

particularlyhated
he challenged. Because
he
people to be injured, he took
and
went
through this selfof pleasure in that risk.
sort

cannot

you

repeat

Siege

with

call it

may

risk

task

for

many

hated, and

own

tremendous

You

It

be

whom

of his

of

member

to

people

imposed
will

the

knew

one

this

seen

an

others

which

and

if the

unhappily
upon

the

Jew

is

sort

world

of
and

of it in the
fear

which

prove
same

accused

well
scale.
of

THE

JEWS

enemies

they

76

avarice
that

his

by

vice

in

of which

form

fasliion.

who

man

thinks

in

generous

yields

the

to

of

terms

tenacious

of money
is

cite at

once
a

upon
Nor

scale
is it

ostentation

he has
the

is not

is not

dozen

examples

which

makes

true

to

its root,

or,

certainly a

Though
great passion

it does

not

account

It is

generosity

private relations,

in

for the
which
if

and

of

the

themselves,
of
that

the

of his

service

of

Ran-

generosity.

that

their

of

manner

testimony

of the

Jews

testimony
employers,

large means.
they felt humiliated

relations

is

character,

the

the

"

has

magnificence

will take

Jews

men

called,

all

not

employers be
They will tell you
serving a Jew ; that

not

generosity

to

and

those

the

that

could

Jewish

most

been

favour

lation
accumu-

generosity

love

have

universally in

the

who

us

it is

who

almost

for

generously used,

as

of those
are

the

appetite

to say

this

extends
you
in

has

he

ashamed.

that

say

also

among

of Jewish

us

either.

some,"

of

one

the

upon
is
He

which

But

rest.

There

for

insistence

undertaken,

accumulated,

nonsense.

it

tion.
accumula-

in

sly

of money
in his

fanatical

among

once

money,

in his

accumulation

in whatever

success

pitilessand

is almost

He

ably
invariwhen

race,

agreed compact.
pursuit of anything

the

on,

is almost
Our

is

He

terms.

he

of it.

is also

He

an

in the

out

rest.

is

exact

his

avarice, is close, secretive,

of

He

with

trader.

But

use

is vociferous

He

set

the

vice

uncharitable.

exact

it.

about

practise, which
never
practises

he

it in

of

themselves

is adventurous

Jew

speculator,

romantic

never

which

but

The

is

He

money.

know

themselves

capable, which
they
they fully understand,
in their

they

him

into

reading

are

were

never

is
if

in

easy

they

has

The
"

scandalous

Jewish

against public
action

that

does

is

the

calculate.

as

be

to

made

might
is

It

that
that

often

which

none

the
here

of

our

the

have

civilization

and

these

marked
it is

matter

people

to

By

but
that

no

in

exact

his

means.

is,

He

means.

fashion.

different

generosity of the
in which
he regards

this

with
goes
wanderer.
fortune

is

millionaires

the

extent

total

him
It
ever
ever

whole

he

because

has

been

said

permanent
founded

family. This is not quite true ; but it is

considering the long list of great Jewish
which

But

class Jew

in the

as

proportion
it is

private and
all testify

middle-

Those

of the way
and

comes

of

can

we

knows

?
"

argued

great Jewish

no

small

(they are rare) do not

the sums
forget or confuse
with, as though it were
mere

Jew

generous

speculator

defences

generous

away

be

of

mass

with

consequence

money.
a

the

to

The

more

more

public endowments
not
peculiar to them.

less generous

then

of

cry

the

up

of

return

sacrifice, its proportion

in scale

is

of

the

common

They

have

of his

Jew

by

explain

extravagance.

It

thrown

wealthy. It is
question of kind.

of courage
a
who
happen

Is he

have

benefaction

with

they

fortunes

motive

not

which

as

some

shape

and

unheard
and

that

anger

the

in

of

is true

It

the

applies to

argument

same

Ransome."

an

77

was

were

There

FRICTION

OF

But not often that

always distance.
the
other
Just
treated
meanly.
way.
usually been present a spontaneous
osity.
gener-

there

that

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

true

progress
few
have

;
a

that

fortunes
of

our

taken
astonishing how
But
root.
though this conception of money
may
be an
element
in the generosity of the Jew
it does
not
fullyexplain it,and at any rate that generosity
is there, and
contradicts
of
flatlythe accusation

THE

78

avarice.
fails

the

Indeed
and

JEWS

is

that

general
it is

why

where
the
permitted even
It is a jest they themselves
it to be beside
they know
accusation

The

that

save

"

the

be

Jew

to

work

not

of

the

be

been

traitors
their

less.

enemies

homogeneous;
together and are too

too

have

cannot

accusation

action

the

he

breaks

not

rely
only on

but

also

travel, the

country.
armed

upon

account

presence
And
this

peace.

the

the

either.

to

hold

much

will

you

with

an

the
in

group

its

France

serve

Germans

against
a

resident

country he wounds
The

his

not

and

is that

Jewish

many
of his relations

is true

nor

solidarity
shape of

coupled

of his indifference

of

against

too

indifferentlyas
or

can

accusation
very
that
they are

moment

intelligencedepartments
the Jew
and
they rely
:

account
on

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is true

He
or

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self-defence;

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another.

who

nation

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in

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out

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acts

national

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to

is indifferent

he

there

accusation

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he

country

sides

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that

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and

France,
for

himself

among
another.

weakness

treason.

against

against
in the

that
of

lends

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in

for

fierce

has

treason

against them;
that
they

make

which

race

is not

treason

Indeed,

than

in the

now

national

or

side"

one

no

footing

same

treason

in which

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to

interest

one

with

the

on

It is not

of Israel, and

greater

was

is

It

people,

charged

has

is

There

because

resent

mark.

more

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not

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traitors.

now

interests

ever

do

international.

to

only

few

so

Jew

are

even

standing jest
most
powerful.

are

"

quoted.

produced

Jews

of avarice

of

sort

of treason

it is

others

accusation

only

war

of

both
him

upon

to nationalism

languages,
in

of

the
war

his

enemy

but

of

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

it is clear

But

of what

in

would

us

FRICTION

all this there

in

that

OF

examples

are

In him

be treason.

79

actions

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not

are

But

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for

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does

repellent to

atmosphere

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if

They are things which

do them) degrade us.

did

we

us.

(or when

them

do

They

Israel.

betray

not

we

the

degrade

not

Jew.
the list of such
accusations
might continue
would
find that
indefinitely,and in every
one
you
of a
the root
of the
quarrel is not the presence
in
of a difference
particular defect but the presence

One

circumstances,
colour
concerned.
which

and

While

the

It

misunderstandings
tragedies.

and

this is true

accusations

of the

defect

or

offends.

which

ferent
dif-

quality

the

the

to

in

taste

is that

It

causes

leads

character:

temperament,

is that
which

made

against
the Jewish
people it is unfortunately equally true
of the corresponding qualitieswhich
they and their
in

advance

defenders

essentiallypatriotic:
to

ends

our

that

in

or

he

in

or

cannot

in which

he

people,

has

not

much

to

the

Jew

shame

our

than

more

Drunkenness,
borrowing.
a
human
dignity, is with him
the

repose

has

not,

and

nor

in mummery.
all in a sense

injured dignity
all know

But

commonest.

he

is

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way.

patriotic
essentially
not

self-respectingto our
A personal obligation which
our
way.
contract
meet,
personal and intimate
a
default, especiallyto one of his own
may

instance, but

us

But

is

Jew

not

is abhorrent

He

way.

The

is true.

our

self-respecting.But
ends

rebuttal.

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our

does

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feel

admire

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of

sense

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for

offensive

rarest

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our

bankruptcy

our

the

in

not

our

to

with

dignity

in

sense

of

tenacity, which
and

which

is far

JEWS

THE

80

superior
at

or

to

our

rate

any

will

follow

His

wonderful

know:

loyalty

less

are

have

undeniable

alien

but
ours

used

are

we

ourselves

from

their
our

The
not

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strength

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particular
How

many

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other

mind

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in

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from

when

ours

are

used

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them

qualities,
and

texture,

apart

as

it

were,

think

how

one

the

one

clearlydo

province

remarkable

in

temptation

which

our

he

eyes

might

are

elastic.

But

have

taken

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terms

success.

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to

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cite

of

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occupied in finance,
in politics,the other
we

see

Jew

undertaken

has
is his
lead

in those
the

of

resistance

him

up

is marvellous.

standpoint,

indifference

complete
the

or

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could

the

concentration

(all such
his

does

He

matter.

indifference

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our

instances

in science,

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having

shows

task

brothers,

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the

are

for

used

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which,

tasks

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weakness.

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with

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metaphorical)
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field and

one

upon
And

mind.

connection

gifts,

"

carries with

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it is

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summarized

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we

of timbre,

be

in intimate
may

many.

relations

matter

with

dislike

or

they

own,

in

them

like

disperse

this

to

difference

Jew

said

feel them

appreciation

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our

follows:

as

in

controversial

the

with

from

from

us

to

use

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leave

we

apart

this

by

He

his intellectual

Even

intensity when
If

all

coldly
they are
enthusiastically: they

than

ends

not

kind.

follow

family
appreciate it

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to

circle.

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our

which

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in

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!

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from

How
any

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opportunities

devoted

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instance,

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who

Jew

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end.

FEICTION

OF

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

science,

to

indifferent
The

enrichment.

for

81

to

Jew

for
its

is

who

he
great names
philosophy (and what
in this sphere throughout the centuries
show
!)
can
is perfectlycontent
lives in poverty and
to live.
so
The
Jew
devoted
to any
particularideal of social
himself
entirely to that, and ends
change devotes
his task
often
more
more
powerful, hardly ever
when
he
than
wealthy, nearly always much
poorer
distracted
all he refuses
to 'be
began it. Above
his goal.
for a moment
from
devoted

to

Another

character

is affiliated

which

this first

to

would
of the Jew
to be the
seem
leading character
is
lucidity of his thought. The Jew's
argument
muddled.
is one
of his prime assets
That
never
It is
but in all action.
not
only in all discussion
of strength, a cause
of the enmity
also, if a cause
he
"

arouses:

or

(to

use

milder

my

term)

of

the

friction."
For

from

which

less

capable
feel the

may

knows
his

of reasoning,
process
there is no
has in it (for those
escape,
of it) something of the bully. A man

exactly

an

it to be

conclusion
false.
He

reasons.

constructed

may

be

to

He

lacks
not

false
the

know

perhaps
to

power

how

to

he

express

state

the

principleswhich his adversary has left out of account,

when
into discussion, and he feels
to bring them
or
the iron logic offered to him
like a pistolpresented
the

at

head

strength
of the
the

and

Jew's

smallest

One
action

must

which

of

his

better

But
for
judgment.
for weakness
also, lucidityis the mark
mind.
He
carries that lucidity into
details of whatever
he
perform.
may
add
to all this a certain
intensity of
is very noticeable
and which
again is a

JEWS

THE

82

of friction

cause

himself

between

and

those

about

speaking, especially a Jew

speaking upon the revolutionary platform, and note
the
is working.
current
the high voltage at which
him.

Hear

Jew

The

he

which

energy
large flame

of

but

of heat.

stream

mind

his

of

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of

energy

blow-

well-directed

pipe:

wholly absorbed, not in

in actively penetrating
here
And
again is that

is

He
but

expression,

own

is not

uses

hearers.

a
a

his
the
ference
dif-

alluded.
One
I have
quality to which
is never
the
Jew
indifferently that
might say
he
eloquent or that he is always eloquent when
is not
He
speaks upon things that possess his soul.
is at any
he
but
rate
fashion;
eloquent in our
astonishingly effective in his own.
in

The

Jew

this

has

which

characteristic

other

has

in our
time,
own
increasingly noticeable
that
and
which
is probably as old as the race
:
ing
corporate capacity for hiding or for advertisthe
of
at will:
a
pushing" whatever
power

become

but
is

"

whole

desires

race

whole

the

however

such

tricked

shall
for

deal

with

I think

friction

and

suppress.
used, is a cause

and

"

the

"

pedalled
permanent

can

character

be

instinct

it is

is ineradicable.
irritant

Jew

of what
booming"
soft pedalling" of

"

presence

feelingof being

the

in

eliminated.
of the

of friction.

in the

deliberate

aspect

this also,

blood.

bad

the

this

in that

which

capacity
in the

of

aspect

And

to

it breeds

and

the

In

desires

race

suppressing what

of

or

legitimately
get the feeling of a swarm
action.
They also get

Men
of

advanced,

chapter,
of
particular cause
the general
But
next

my

for

he

of secrecy

use

corporate action
"

wants

what

It will

in its effect upon

he

boomed"
"

wants

always
those

soft

remain
to

whom

it is

The

applied.
"

violent

most

has

justice against another,

pointed and iterated until
comes

half

were

with

nauseated

some

the

refuse

is true.

Men

us,

who

men

same

mood

desired

the

it and

at

all deaf ened, there

are

we

into

hypnotized

shouted

been

reaction, and

inevitable

an

of

the

discovery of another,
another, or the miscarriage of

of

misfortunes

the

talents

the

after

after

scientific

the

or

83

of it is that

proof

boom,"

particularJew,
or

best

FRICTION

OF

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

are

repetitionof

the

dose.
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converse

important
scandal

in

because

Jewry

the

been

State

or

trick

some

be

will not

They

that

find

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desired

alert.

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on

has

matter

who

bad

some

in

commerce

suppressed,

suffer the

some

soon

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operation as

time
they did the first.
as
quietly the second
Indeed
they tend if anything to grow too suspicious.
racial
in
both
this
ineradicable
cases
Anyhow,
survival
and
habit, a cause
perhaps of Jewish
of Jewish
certainly an element
strength, is also a
friction

of acute

cause

But

said, useless
the hidden

to

of the

him.

around
of

All

remains

upon

this

of

sense

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and

these

and
an

It

the

minds

of those

kind

is,

us.

have

as

quality,
the

conflict between
soul

society

of the
but

are

which

only

are

and

tions
manifesta-

subterranean

some

of

them

fundamental

points

value

of which

cannot

we

too

grasp,

And

apparent.

of those
who

power

most

who

rely

most

suspect

them

them
impassable gulf between
is the recognition, the admission

contrast,

working

Jew

in the

race

ourselves.
such

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the effects

there

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the

profound,

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for contrast,
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root, of the ceaseless

soul

very

of this

category

mere

between

upon

the
it

tellingof
as

the

necessary

truth

about

and
of

it,

condition, which

THE

84

form

must
we

JEWS

foundation

the

solution

for any

which

at

arrive.

can

*****

There

is

towards

the

with,
friction

which

Jews
is

that

and

between

must

false

the

European's attitude
be
specially dealt
impression that the

them

and

us

the

in

is

main

wealth.

their

with

quarrel

in the

feature

one

by
impression has been greatly weakened
recent
revolutionary activity of the Jew surging
the
the surface,
from
depths, appearing upon
producing the great upheaval in Kussia, and
But
though
attempted upheavals elsewhere.
has
Jewish
new
revolutionary movement

That
the
up
and
the
the

hard

concentrate

is false

fact

the

task
is the

and

Jews

that

especially in
of corruption
way
way

in

which

in

which

The

Jews
that

say

work,

are

they

but

this

Jew

works

the

past

and

not

only

his

hands.

in

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were

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in

rich

people's
who

Jews

the
of

wealth,

popular

is

poor

an

nation.
poor

An

because

still in many
negotiation and

the

mind

very

and

"

people in
example

rich

understand
mis-

worst

nation, and

be an
again would
exceedingly hard
does

few

of the

cause

misunderstood
they are
injustice to the Jew

they

of

back

the

because

mind

for

are

the

out
present through-

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at

fruitful

stand

the
"

been

it is

trate
concenpiling up great fortunes
so
entirely. Yet the impression

on

that

on

It has

ever,

wealth

Jewish

on

will remain
for

perhaps

For

it.

and

ages,

minds

insistence

eradicate

to

the

do

old

the

shaken

times
the

of

of the

and

arises.
would

enemy

they did not

injustice,because
and

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often

places work
commerce

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with

We

the

see

manual

important
-dyeing

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there

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work

"

The

the

are

watched

And

Europe

where

to-day.

their

various

they

have

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an

for

are

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not

are

against

working

to

is not
grain, in a society which
is
nation
that
a
they are
poor
to any
one
abundantly evident
and

instance.

Eastern

part condemned

most

districts

some

because
nation
they
poor
their activities
because

and

nation

of

land

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upon

Jews

alien

occupations in
shipbuilding, for
parts

85

Ages monopolizing

Middle

in the

Jews

FRICTION

OF

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

but

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travelled

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settlements

any

sympathy.
that

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in

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them

for

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the

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than

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it is

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among

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millions

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But
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our

mass.

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comparatively

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number

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to

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and

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very

ourselves

below

get

you

exceeding poverty

can

we

and

England

counterbalanced

not

was

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by

is

of

(I

West

of merchants

number

great wealth

the

of the

Jews
and

France

small

the

when

lifetime

were

We

this.

appreciate

great

beginning
people are
have
how,
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such

in

arrived

exceedingly

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families.

those

have

who

Those
who

have

in

the

It

helps

we

grasp

Marches
to

us

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of

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in

bulk

the

fact

against

which

bulk

that
us

of the

is

their

West,
eastern

still resides,

abundantly agree.
Jewish
problem if

precisely
are

great

race

great part

Jews

the

outside

of the
will

Russia,

understand

complaint
the

them

seen

where

communities

them

watched

of

this

the

Jewish
to

poverty

condemned.

It

is

THE

86

all very

well

whenever

it

families

like

the

way

of the

distributed,
which

average
at all.

is

solid,

the

Further

he

to

and
the

of

that
he

From

the

is not

the

notices, and

part in

no

that

inherited

wellwealth

healthy European

few

Bassoons,

rest.

What

has

of

the

Jew

permanent,

mark

complaint of
cite ironically,

fortunes

and

thing looks
rightly,is that

notices

and

immense

Samuels

the

Jewish

Rothschilds

the

of view

point

oppression

arises, the

Monds,

the

at

sneer

and

persecution

the

to

JEWS

munity.
com-

important point already touched

in passing), these
on
are
ephemeral.
great fortunes
In
the
have
nations
of
mass
a
European
you
far larger in number,
and
in
even
great fortunes
(a

total, than
those

most

the

Jewish

the

The

territorial

wealthy

been

established
of

true

of the

families

for

wealth,

the

true

and

is in

and

are

the

last

of the

It

true

of

the

Jewish

which

fortunes

suddenly
will

pawnbroker
small

melt

and

begin
in

bookseller
a

command

have

again

in

some

Liverpool,
in

politicsfor

his
a

the

in
main

and

century
old

French

marked
as

half,

The

vast

history
suddenly.

very

small

for

instance,
You

families.

families.

almost

Frankfort.

great banker,

remain

families, and, in spite of

true

Jewish

same

country

families, it is obviously

largely

is not

this

the

great German
of

in

and

it is still

son

past

centuries

great Italian

great changes

Jew

in the

been

But

our

great

have

the

fortunes.

society is healthy, permanent.

run
through European history in the shape
great families, in the shape of the nobility.

They
of

have

great fortunes

still,wherever

financial

way
or

will

as

"

find

rise
A
a

very
his

grandson so wealthy as to
generation, and then (ifyou

unfinished
and

the

soon,

FRICTION

OF

the process in the past

instance
is of course

will watch

for

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

to take

"

87
modern

misleading) at last,
disappears again, and disappears

name

ever.

representing to-day the

the
of
early Middle

have

Whom

you
fortunes

Jewish

England

They

thirteenth

of the

the

Rhine,
the

early

Who

have

end

the
you

fortunes

sixteenth

in

representing
the
on
and

century

They have utterly gone.

representing the considerable
?

left

of Medieval

houses

Jewish

of the

seventeenth
you

Jewish

great

fortunes

have

great

Ages

before

Whom

century.

later

the

all ruined

were

few

Venice

of Genoa

of

Rome?

The

all attach

They

this

of

causes

the

to

rapid fluctuation
are
peculiar position, as

many.

well

the

We
peculiar character, of the Jew.
partly in the passion for speculation
Jewish
intelligence naturally harbours.

find

them

find

the

to

them

still

opposition to the
perpetually arouse.
It

Jew

is, however,

point.
does

From

get

rich

too

much

of him

power
the

to

seems

much

whole

which

get

quickly,
through his

too

time

as

an

much
and

wealth
alien

We

surroundings
this

remember
the

which

instinctive

the

in

his alien

important to
point of view

our

get rich,

think,

more,

as

rich

and

exercises

he
;

with

for

he

when

Jew,

too

last

we

no

to

far
think

right

to

position. But the Jew sees it in a very different

light. In his point of view his effort to accumulate
wealth
is always heavily handicapped.
he
When
succeeds
he only succeeds
tenacity
through his own
the
and
patriotic co-operation of his fellows, and
he always holds his new-found
insecure
wealth
on
an
any

tenure.

What

looks

to

us

like the

breakdown

of

JEWS

THE

88

Jewish

fortune

Jewish

race,

to the Jew
through speculation,seems
the fatal recurrent
result of unending opposition.
illusion
of a
In
connection
with
the
wealthy

brieflymentioned
Jewish

the

the

of

that

Jew

as

vice of

wealth

mere

around

Look

connection

a
our

said, is due
rich

great

part

the

fact

to

into

come

contact

it is the

and

man,

gentry, their passion

own

subservience

for this

it,,which

to

standing.
misunder-

dangerous

in Western

you

between

moment.

epoch

their

and

largely accounted

has

the

every

which

matter

governing classes, and

have

only

capital modern
for

gentry of

the

with

of

illusion, as

the

the

therefore

wealth

the

course,

above,

wealthier, and

our

of

have,

you

Europe

to-day

and

by this story of Jewish

that
wealth.
allude
See who
the people are
tinually
conto it and
spread the idea of it. They are
in their subservience
the rich Europeans, who,
to
crude
wealth, in their habit of gauging everything
and
of submitting to almost
by that wealth
any
of obtaining more
wealth,
indignity for the purpose
Jewish
their
serve
daughters to Jews,
marry
interests, and, while
perpetually sneering at the
his back, call him
Jew
behind
to his face
by his
see

what

people

intimate

name

hospitality.

Which

most

class

them

Jew,
are

mean

let alone

and
of them
a

the

make

poor

actually ignorant

knows

ever

of

most

Jew

Why,

of

the

fact

his

middleof

most

that

this

the
They serve
he
when
he
is
Jew
is wealthy
and
only when
him
wealthy.
They envy
basely as a wealthy
and
man
only as a wealthy man.
They prostitute
their dignity, they sell their fellow-Europeans, not
from
race
genuine affection for the Jewish
any
mass

of poor

Jews

exists

at

all !

"

GENERAL

THE
indeed

there

intermixed
the

is

held

in

gentry

and

by

by the
by the

them

use

or

89

but

"

simply

they happen
Jewish

other

that

unused

to

gentry

few

FRICTION

community, closely
feel
they are, which

which

therefore

wise

as

the

than

noticeable

remain

be

Jews

masses

activity

OF

in the

for money,

great

"

the

more

thirst

It is most

would

class

no

with

friction

from

CAUSES

find

to

families.

aspects of Jewish
class, the

wealthy

Whether

State.

is another

not

it

matter.

for leaving them

rate, the motive
any
is the fact that they are
with
connected
not

unused

At

wealth.

intelligencewhich might so often have

the
is largely left
served
policy of a Statesman
The
unused.
cosmopolitan position of the Jew
it is used
when
than
is used
for little more
spying ;
and
that
of
profound force, the historical memory
the Jew, is neglected almost
altogether. With this
evil result, the
failure
and
neglect goes a natural
the
on
governing classes,
part of the European
especially to-day, to safeguard the
community
to arise from
against the troubles which are bound
The

the
the

Jewish

clashing of
people among

much

of the

part

thought
of the
both
seen

in

the

as

parties in
the

Europe
Jewish

conduct

of

Jewish

money

whole

very

they

those

would

different

have

fashion.

protection

of the

because

individual

Statesmen

to

the commands

bankers.

blunderingly.

But

It

has

the
served

nations,

power

artificial

subservient

Jews

and

whom

less of the

Jews

the

between

they dwell.
paradoxical, but it is true, that if
of
the
Europe, and
hereditary
still take so
European nations who

sound
It may
the
Statesmen

families

interests

Jews

of very

thing

and

had
more

benefited
We

have

of Eastern
have

been

rich individual
has

only

to

been
anger

done
the

THE

90

nationalities

independent
Poles, the

JEWS

Roumanians

of the
the

and

have

experience of the
alien minority.
Our
an
whole
affair externally
without
obeying orders

East, notably

Hungarians
difficulties inseparable
politicianshave treated

the
who
from

the

and

mechanically,merely
trying to understand.
The
ultimate
result
of such
interference
by our
Western
certain.
The
politicians is unhappily
last state
of the
in Eastern
Jews
Europe will be
first.
than
the
Their
worse
sufferings will be
in the

greater than

that

and

past,

instead

because,

of

and
acting from
attempted
comprehension
of the
Jewish
ties
difficulsympathetic comprehension
the politicians,who
have
acted
the servants
as
of a few
wealthy Jews, have
merely obeyed the
orders

of

secret

reluctance

surrender
Is

that

to

it not
the

history
pursued
of them

and

men,

because
to

names

I had

for

the

look

we

the

to

through

history,

wealth

of

which

national

intellectual

or

said

nearly
most

immediate

thesis;

all of them

part

they preferred, as

prefer, the

self-

passion for
cosmopolitan position ?
the
of
striking Jewish
names
have
of Jews
who
ardently

moral

some

"

another
the

are

as

owe

and

after

the

accompanies

accumulations

chance

individuals

One

with

so

of the
Jew
at
or,
power
any
of his nation
is utterly distinct

celebrity

speculation

always

done

wage.

apparent,

those

few

have

and

men

that

permanent

rate, the
from

rich

these

were

poor

deliberately

men

it is in the
work

"

most

Jewish

in hand

to

any

poor

nature

other

consideration.
It is these
and

are

the

names

glory

that
of

remain

the

Jewish

and

are
race.

permanent

There

is

whether

I hesitate
the

among

It falls
the

I mean,

with

change

that

be

among

whole

in that

general or

of the friction between

the

and

the

with

not

the

Jewish

any

special

It is

connected,

they

nature, and

their very
On
nature.

the

with

action.

character's

in

general causes

it is connected

that
as

the

among

certainlyamong

method

put

put

which

its hosts.

and

sense

character

to

91

wealth

of this Jewish

causes
particular

nation

that

aspect

one

FKICTION

OF

CAUSES

GENEKAL

THE

cannot

hand, it might

other

particularcauses

of

account

on

acter:
probably ephemeral charof the
it is, as it were,
a
particularcause
of
the
friction proceeding from
general causes
of friction
character
justenumerated, and this cause
its

quite

is the
It

of Jewish

presence

is

and

modern

MONOPOLY.

exceedingly dangerous point

an

I do

present situation.
sufficient

think

not

appreciationof

in

the

that

the
Jews

risk

the

they are
running by its development. There is already
something like a Jewish monopoly in high finance.
is a growing tendency to Jewish
There
monopoly
have

over

the

stage for instance, the fruit trade in

trade.
the tobacco
and
to a great extent

London,
There

is the

element

same

of Jewish

in the control

the silver trade, and

in

monopoly

of various

other

metals, notably lead, nickel, quicksilver.What

is most
disquietingof all,this tendency to monopoly
is

spreading

another

falls under

irritant.
cause

like

It

of that

disease.

it and

it acts

as

perhaps prove
explosionagainstthe

and

trying to

avert.

which

applies,of

course,

the

best

to

province

One

will

all dread
It

of

most

powerful
immediate

the

Jews
us,

after

which

we

hope,

are

tiny fraction

of the

THE

92

Jewish

race

as

small

one

whole.

room

would

nor

of

pleasant specimens
great Jewish

the

finance

round

dinner

tables

at

could

which

have

Jews
into

rest

contain

You

control

very

could

get

international

table, and

dinner

I know

nearly all of them

These
monopolists, in

seen

another.

or

the

room

race.

who

large

put the

and

that

their

bankers
one

time

one

One

lead, nickel, mercury

control

who

JEWS

control
are
strategic positions of universal
an
of men
of the millions
of
out
insignificanthandful
been
have
Israel, just as the great fortunes
we
to
an
discussing attach
insignificant proportion
that

of

exercise
as

Nevertheless,

race.

of

monopoly

brings

this

hatred

claim

to

the

upon

an

Jews

whole.

it is
because
thing is deservedly hated
and
exceedingly unnatural
exceedingly tyrannical.
It would
be
for one
of our
tyrannical even
own
people to hold us up in the supply of things essential
It is intolerable
in a people alien
to
to
us.
us.
When
to
discuss, in the next
come
we
chapter,
the unfortunate
of secrecy
(the
use
by the Jews
most
particular causes
potent, perhaps, of the
have
lead them
which
into their present peril) we

The

shall
this

better

another

understand

odious

feature

in

is the
of control, which
monopoly
in which
it spreads underground
and
of
out
way
in general ignorant that
sight leaving the world
modern

this, that
in

the

and

matter

the

other

of

individual

Jew

essential

some

is its master

thing

which

he

controls.
To
an

put it plainly, these

end

must

be

only

one

put

to.

Before
which

monopolies

the

Europe

Great
as

War

whole

there
was

was

conscious,

and

of

that

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE

Yet
monopoly.
in
less perfect than
War
Great
brought

far

was

metals.

The

the

93

the

here

financial

the

was

FRICTION

OF

poly
mono-

of

case

thousands
took

(who

the

upon

public
duties
officials)up
against the
as
temporary
the
suspected
staggering secret they had never
over
things absolutely
complete control exercised
survival
to the nation's
by half a dozen
necessary
Jews, who
completely indifferent as to whether
were
of

thousands

educated

men

up

"

we

the

or

should

enemy

struggle.
Incidentally, the
has
wealthy Jews
on
through the war
the

in

moment

which

has

of the

Jewish

mines,

lead

for

have

an

in value

increase

mainly

very
increased
And

French

at

press,

free discussion

other, is exposing
of the Rothschild's
due

to

the

use

of

of

the

monopolies, as I
already exists and the
going on as rapidly as

it cease
before
only must
any
Jewish
be attempted,
question can

of the

but

must
process
do
Cabinets

national

and

men.

group
system is

solution
the

the

the

Not

epidemic.

an

write

increase

of the

extension

from

account.

very

whole

few

scandalously

this

killing of
is only one

the

said.

been

longer experience
question than any

lead

But

these

of

in the

the abominable
lead

wealth

which

alive

emerge

be

If the

reversed.

interfere

not

to

various

protect these
at
attempt

good-bye to any
monopolies, then
In the legitimate
justice for the Jew.
against
anger
few
the worst
a
pitiful dozens
specimens
among
of

the
There

the
in

nation, Israel
is in

more

its

more

this

as

whole

formation

of

will

be

sacrificed.

monopolies,

as

in

reputable activities of the nation, even

in its
activities, even
justly famous

glories,that

element

of

racial

character

which

is

absent

never

is

JEWS

THE

94

I have

why
it

is, among

The

reason

as

put
these

the

determined

and

He

trade

is,

reaching

any
possible, under

as

extension

control, and

he

has

for the

the

support

of

his

brethren

He

has

his

ephemeral

end

very
trade

his

that

complete

of that
the

international

indifference

of his

until

throughout
the

time

same

international

and

aid

the

at

the

in

satisfied

far

as

that

international, tenacious

is

Jew

upon

is not

task.

And

of trouble.
general causes
general monopolies are formed

the

is that

Jews

by

Jewish
action.
any
the point, modern
and

from

control
world.
ledge
knowfurther

which

efforts.
*****

But

even

metal

other

and

taken,

from

would

remain

all

the

were

quite

trades

these

few

that

recent

taken,
alien

as

monopolies
they ought to
of

them,

partial monopoly

(it

masters

in
be

there
is

not

few
Jews
a
monopoly) which
have
exercised
not
only to-day, but recurrently
the
throughout
history, over
highest finance:
at

that

complete

is, over

to-day,

as

the
never

credit

of the

before,

over

nations, and
the

whole

therefore

field of the

world's

industry.
Should
remain
that
partial financial monopoly
it will produce
uncorrected
sufficient
hostility
a
next
to precipitate,of itself,the
against the Jews
them.
general attack
upon
It
be argued that
this fear is groundless
may
the control
because
has now
lasted for a long time.
It has
lasted
lifetime
in its present hardly
a
even
its
because
complete form : and it is secure
tions
operaremoved
from
are
general observation, and
because
the

it

wealthier

is

mixed
classes.

up

with

the

interests

of

all

CAUSES

GENERAL

THE
I

these

afraid

am

down

men

of

society are

is

aware

of

much

control

but

in

to

of it,and
it.

It

almost

the

by

as

who

man

every
is resented

Jews

of poor

different

is not

finance

of

hold.

not

public at large, yet all

comparatively low stratum

it resents
mass

95

the

fullyaware

the

by

will

arguments

Although the Jewish

touches
thing which
educated

FRICTION

OF

as

Jews,

non-

way.
this financial

monopoly does not

Again, although
life of the
private
directly affect the economic
and
citizen, he is beginning to understand
more
it indirectly affects
It affects him,
how
it.
more
will not
for instance, through his patriotism. He
submit

told

be

to

that, in order
alien

of these

rights of victory and

has justly chastised
that

chastisement.

deny

the

with

right

escape

the

the

course

international

the

whom

he
of

consequences

bankers

will

of

he

interfere

to

him

to

for

damage

hostilities.

finance

does

private activities.

separate from

venience
con-

forgo

urgently

more

Jewish

the

must

enemy

reparation due
in

done

some

Still

of the

the national

wantonly
Again,

allow
to

he

bankers,

suit

to

live

not

It touches

at last

enterprises,and through those

individual
enterprises its action is questioned and
examined
by a host of private citizens.
Yet again, the Jews
who thus control international
finance
in
other capacities. For
at work
are
many
a

of individual

mass

instance,
Industrial
to

these
comes

attacked

of

some

them

schemes

Insurance

the

mass

arise

may
one

may

will

international

be

stand

of

the

behind
which

people.

those
are

Action

moment.
any
be
certain
that

If

remembered

his

financier

quite

in
as

so

the

much

great
able
detest-

against

such

action

individual

capacity
as

in

of
his

THE

96

capacity
of

of

the

this

all

is

deeply

society

is

it, then

the

no

little

harm

almost

much

certainly

affect

individuals

those
I

is

affairs

that

evil

in

off

people

At
cease,

danger
of

and

is that

innocent

that

be
will

it

which

to

him

will

in

one

way

if it

be

ceases

with

dealing

involved

have

scale
among

that

answer

last

king

not,

the

this

upon

for

the
It

ever.

ourselves,

among

not

may

be

is

and
far

so

be.

to

another

or
cease

in

parliamentary

of

not

probably

state

endures

The

this

corruption,

which
will

to

as

we

dissolution

think

will

king

elsewhere.

rate,

any

would

is

monopoly

To

active

hit

concerned

end

long

so

capable

system

badly

explosion

nation

an

profound

that

parliamentary
already

When

against

that

There

whole

put

alien

of

nations.

modern

as

its

and

king;

to

force

only

plutocratic
a

that

with

the

still.

indignation

trouble

the

which

appreciated

immediately

the

impossible

government,

of

community

level

it.

ago

belong.

told

be

may

be

If

regret
But

will

come.

Jews

done.

the

with

will

rich

the

but

of

lower

filled

explosion

would

one

of

sufficiently

affected

only

at

of

lifetime

ignorance
part

premiums

character

of

resents,

resented

equally

and

the

men

educated

and

aware

which

through

the

lapsed

later

or

to

indifferent

the

upon

Sooner

poor.

to-day

is

battener

monopoly,

were

JEWS

in

violence
with

the

the

thing

violence.
a

vast

guilty.

will
The

number

THE

SPECIAL

CAUSES

OF

FRICTION

CHAPTER

SPECIAL

THE

THERE
which

side

nourish

friction
will

to

the

it is

remedy

The

maintain
their

and

Jews

the

reliance

upon

has

It
so

the

upon
a

of

generations,

instinct

an

language
false

body:
become

be

and

not

on

it has

the

Jewish

the

Jewish

Jewish

to

hide

because

the

Jew

of
It

that

is

not

"

account

of
99

the

ill- effects

rely

societies,
the

use

movements,
of

Jewish

the

have

secrecy

method

indignity
is

into

to

secret,

parts

forms

its

body,

secret

various

for

passed

Secret

possible

method.

habit

almost

as

other

national

deplored,

rather

order

between

these

become

secrecy.

far

as

in

the

the

SECRECY

UPON

the

of

kept

degrade
but

that

weapon

names

all

all

secondly,

now

throughout

relations

secret

disease.

between

of

RELIANCE

unfortunately

many

to

exasperate

friction

and,

For

the

which

first

are

passing

superiority.

JEWISH

THE

1.

hosts
secrecy,

of

expression

diagnose

of

hosts.

side.

our

forces

sense

before

upon
to

Jewish

its

and

these

necessary

main

two

with

Jewish

inevitable

the

race

forces

corresponding

and

Jewish

deal

to

the

upon

exasperate

the

well

be

FRICTION

forces

and

between

It

find

special

two

are

OF

CAUSES

and

to

hood
falseaffair

our

"

this

policy

THE

100

produces
intensifies
racial

the

relations.

antagonism

It

feeds

and

excited

already

by

contrast.

But
for

mutual

our

on

JEWS

before

no

we

further

go

understands

one

it is essential

be

to

anything

if he

secrecy

the

just ;
it

attacks

unjustly.
The

Jewish

false

of

origin

habit
and

names

and
the

force

to

the

the

of it

rest

assumption

of

Jewish

non-

concealment
have

"

"

pretence

individuals, the

in

from

of

ships
relation-

of

presumably

sprung

Let
experience of the race.
a
man
put
himself
in the
and
he will see
place of the Jew
how
the presumption
is.
sound
A race
scattered,
persecuted, often despised, always suspected and
it
whom
nearly always hated
by those
among
is constrained
by something like physical
moves,
the

Take

the
to

seems

for

contempt

our

subterfuge that
they deserve.
criminals

with

methods.

secret

particular trick of
particularly odious.

us

show

we

of

use

we

are

It is
and

false

names.

We

think

those

who

them

giving

no

more

which

meanness

use

It

when
this
than

associate

we

piece of crawling
ing
sneaking. We
suspect its practisers of desirhide
would
to
something which
bring them
of desiring to
known,
disgrace if it were
or
their fellows in commerce
reach
by a form of

and

into
over-

vagabonds

falsehood.
the

But

As

of

one

Jew
their

force, when
years
our

work
The

ago
own

under
Jew

has

other

nmes

said

community

I discussed
at

and

the

City dinner,
you

abuse

us

me

with

with

him

to

matter
"

When
as

motives.

better

we

work
When

Jews.

abuse
names
your
you
often
has
felt himself

us
so

as

great
many
under
we

forgers."

handicapped

CAUSES

SPECIAL

THE

he

himself, that

if lie declared

FRICTION

OF

101

half

was

forced,

or

ness
grievously tempted, to a piece of basewhich
Surely
temptation for us.
a
was
never
of assumed
all this carefully arranged code
nymics
patrofor
Curzon
Cohen,
(Stanley for Solomon,
for Moses, Benson
Sinclair for Slezinger,Montague
its root
in that.
for Benjamin, etc." etc.) had
tion
The Jew
plead something further in extenuacan
did not
of this practice. Family names
grow
with us, in the course
with
them,
as
up naturally
of the Middle
Ages. The Jew retained, as we long
of European
and
lower ranks
in the middle
retained
society,the simple habit of possessing one personal
his fellows
from
and
differentiatinga man
name
Thus
of his father.
a
by introducing the name

at

rate

any

the

in

Jew

sixteenth

century

the

Cromwells'

Solomon,

just as
generation

same

had
In

what

not

the

same

much

later

Slav

countries

in

Wales,
of the

other

family name.
dates, early

Poland

distinguished, if
personal name,
by mentioning also the name
necessary,

by

his

father,

or,

in

some

cases,

Properly speaking the

with
and
they may
say
compelled to take surnames
the

in

case

the

Germanies

of
Jews

his

the

and

only

known

was

man

in

countries,

Western

Brittany,
East,

He

or

varying

and

England

Williams.

ap

surname

until

way

and

France

call

we

the

of

ancestor

Williams

was

ben

Moses

was

that

were

his

of

tribe.

have

no

surnames,

"

Since
we
were
justice:
arbitrarily(which was
and

sometimes

where
else-

attach
blame
if we
well), you cannot
us
If a Jew
particular sanctity to the custom."
no
of plain Jewish
name
compelled by alien force
was
the fancy name
of Flowerfield, he is surely
to take
he is
for which
free to change that
fancy name,
as

responsible, to
a
good reason

not
was
a

JEWS

THE

102

name

his

and

him,

on

be

for

accounted

experience
indefinitely,men
for

false

Men

whose

ingly adopt

original and true name

is particularly the
Some,

the

of them

adopting

by

to

an
no

as

not

whatsoever

excuse

it

and

mask,

treat

be

as

used

its

in

great

have

the

pride
refuse

But

relations
of

manner

This

financial

change

great

with

one

tain
main-

to
to

the

if their

place.

the

and

after

insult

an

with

case

their

all

element

an

pleas. There are

experience repeated

descendants.

concealed

it was,

that

indeed,

of their

tered
regis-

such

original patronymic

it in any

forced

remains

us,

name

pretend

families.

be

advantage of deceit.
will unblushuniversally known

false

two

or

year

is

he

morally binding.

have

save

race

force

to

could
But

any

who

name

thus

there
on

There

Government

not

of all of

in the

lie chooses.

traced.

All this is true, but

to

the

Only

actions

therefore,

and

for

him.

upon

other

any

mass

another

titles, and

fantastic

object in such a proceeding save

it is a form
I admit
the object of deception.
of
that
in its
protection, and especially do I admit
have
from
origin it may
mainly derived
necessity
a
for self -protection. But
I maintain
that
to-day
the
the
Jew.
to
practice does nothing but harm
there

There

be

can

other

are

many
we

do

no

not

which

races

of

them,

find

in

have

and

up

them

suffered

down

the

universal

tion,
persecu-

world,

habit

and

of this

kind.
Jewish
Again, who can
say that the bearing of a
name
to-day, or at any rate in the immediate
past,
Occidental
where
is or was
a
handicap in commerce
nations

were

nations, the

concerned
Jews

there

?
are

And
so

as

for

sharply

the

Eastern

differentiated

that

false

hide

the

must

be

The
forms

CAUSES

SPECIAL

THE

name

racial

of secrecy.

man

to

plead

his

takes

He

false

with

singular

can

He
And

courage.

if secrecy
dislike of

that
the

accusations.

The

intellectual

Jew

affairs.

his

opinions
individual
ions
opin-

expresses

such

other

those
of men
violently from
he is most
whom
closely connected.
Why,"
understand
distinguished Jewish
cist
publisome
I be
in England
saying, "should
mised
comprosuch-and-such
that
by people knowing
a
differ

will often
with

line.

own

to

There

against

maintained

highly individual, especiallyin

is

merely

bearer.

for and

may

not

lead

would

Jews

its

103

present.

apply

arguments

relationship were

in

motive

service

no

of

character

another

same

of

be

can

FRICTION

OF

"

Bolshevist

in Moscow

or

in New

York

is my

cousin

I am
conservative
in temperament
nephew ?
;
I have
always served faithfullythe state in which
I live; I heartily disapprove
of these
people's
If their relationship with
views
and
actions.
me
or

were

That

I should

known

would

be

fall under

the

Therefore

unjust.

ban.

common

keep

the

relationship secret."
The
the
plea is sound, but it does not cover
It is not sufficient to explain, for instance,
ground.
habit
the
of hiding relationships between
men
in
equally distinguished and
equally approved
the
societies
different
in which
It
they move.
does not
be left in ignorance
explain why we must
of the fact that
whom
a
man
treating as
we
are
the best
with
in

another
another

national
Jew

of fellow-citizens

in

man

who

England

make
with

hide

is treated

with

There

country.
conflicts

should

the

are

his connection

equal

occasions

honour
where

thing explicable.
brother
in Germany
and

A
a

JEWS

THE

104

father,

might well be excused

Yet
Montmorency.
calling himself

Constantinople

at

in

1915

for

we

note

that

the

hide

all.

at

often

who

On

matter)

conflict.
and

the

of

name

I think

least,and

himself

his

and

is not

to

hidden

advertised.
financier

during

the

country
it was
(to

and

treated

this

war.

the
mind

n.y

people who can

judge
in the
thing for Britain
here
change of name
no

most

bad
was

hide

to

attempt

no

need

Jewish

one

with

to

very
there

Yet

is most

contrary, it is openly

the

of his connection

breach

the

connection

unjustly
faithfully served

had

at

the

most

was

He

there

connection,

all recollect

We

where

connection

the
who

brother,

between
in

stood,

another

capital, for the financial policy of our enemies.

Again, the Rothschilds, present in the various
pretended to hide
capitals of Europe, have never
has thought
their mutual
relationships,and no one
the worse
of them, nor
has this open
practice
any
in

any

There
I

at

that

that

rate,

recourse

to

secrecy

their

is

necessity
something Uke

inherited

an

it

financial

than

more

there

any

Now

secret

be

must

suggest

or,

diminished

way

tradition

power.

work;
instinct,

at

so

strong

natural.

seems

forcibly emphasized that

in
of these
forms"
working through
any
ships,
societies, using false names,
hiding of relationdenying Jewish
origin specially exasperates
it cannot

be

too

"

this,
thrown

our

race,

own

in

their

dispersion.

sooner

been
most

of

have

duped,

even

something

later,

or

men

innocent

which

among

an

is

like

no

it

whenever

where

cases

more

ritual.

than

Jews

invariably

feeling that

angry

in

and

and

is

It

the

are

covered,
dis-

is discovered

they

have

practice is
the following

the

whether

doubt

strongly

say

was

bom

at

if

"my

is

name

all

us

idea

any
them.

If

so-and-so;

he

that,

how

man

father

my

in Galicia

place

such-and-such

in

105

have

against

such-and-such

told

he

FBICTION

Jews

works

is still there

brother

OF

the

this force

to

were

"

CAUSES

SPECIAL

THE

my

business"

would

suffer

not

of
appreciating later on that members
with
connected
were
ments
movefamily abroad
with
not
even
a
disapproved:
we
no,
in active hostilityto our
Government
own.
body
Everyinternational
the
knows
position of the
that
avoid
knows
he
cannot
Jew.
Everybody
allowances
makes
for
that
position. Everybody
our

upon
his

it.

habit
be

I conceive

And

secrecy

is not

greatly

to

of

very

the

that

of this

abandonment

only possible
advantage of

the

would

but

whole

the

race.

absurd
form
Perhaps its most
dangerous form) is the secrecy
with
distinguished men
regard
ancestors.
They and their Jewish

the

of two

case

their

to

whose

by most
Kingsley,

the

the

founder

two

men

genius
to

the

of

name

Salvation

the

in very
different
who
English life and
and

Jewish

nearly

all

mothers.

concerned
The

of the

advantage

known.

the

who

in

part

are

writer, and

that

their
should

Jewish

often

it

on

rarely
thus

act

of hundreds
and

known

of

Charles

of Moss-Booth,

Here
are
Army.
fields played a great

both

owed

their

physical appearance
have
thought it
race

this fact

literaryabilities

Jewish

out

universally
people respected, the name
names

by

relations

random

at

men

most

maintained

it altogether or, at best, touch

suppress
should
and
they
obscurely. Why

Take

its

(not

and

of the

should

be

of Charles

to

viduals
indi-

widely
Kingsley,

THE

106

the

organizing

not

lessened

enhanced,
Yet
it

were

insult.

of

sort

of

Booth

are

people's eyes, but, if anything,

knowledge of their true lineage.
of that lineage is treated
as
though

in

mention

the

abilities

other

and

by

JEWS

have

heard

it

for

the

Jewish

To

treat

the

wrung

passionate plea
race
devoid
of abilities,
not
a
proof that they are
as
but
never
generally published.
sensible
be
to
Surely it would
more
emphasize
in
the
Jewish
possible case
or
partially
every
Jewish
who
originof men
distinguished themselves,
and
under
what
debt
thus
to show
a
Europeans
in

out

some

stand
as

the

to

of

sort

temple
allowed

into
to

have
it must

be

belong
and

to

then

That's

And
has
find
case

immense

hates

time

same

is

English,
are

you

If

in

and

Ireland

his

excuses

insulted

insulted

at

if

being
said

you

it is with

expression.
called
he

an

tained
main-

not

he

of

further

the

harm:

many

Jews.

So

an

far

it

makes

the
men

of

habit
ascribe

from

he would
Irishman.

another

Moreover

does

matter

nationality
suffered
persecution.
oppression and
rational
basis for a contrary
no
policy
so

I say,

government

Irishman

was

tells

man

reply
a

of

matter

Irishman,"

an

"

desperately

themselves.

the

because

to

it as
takes
He
throat.
my
that
the history of the English

being
be

such

convention
Jews

surely
for pride to
be superior
antiquity,

matter

hold

be

cannot

it is

If

too.

then

Jews

they
the

at

and

The

matter

mysterious

fly at

course

in

the

he

of

be

it

eyes

which

the

Yet

that

not

their

as

now

may

eat

tradition

by
"

and

in

"

one

is ridiculous.

blood

to

labyrinth,

which

it cannot

insult.

me

sacred

peep
cake

their

blood.

Jewish

does
a

which
I

can

in

the
this

Jewish

SPECIAL

THE

CAUSES

FKICTION

OF

107

anything they dislike, and thus extends

against the race.
undeservedly the odium
A
nation, an
against one's
foreign movement
doctrine, are
unpopular public figure, a detested
the
field of hate, already
labelled
Jewish
and
indefinitely. It is
perilously wide, is broadened
character

to

"

"

useless

"

to

say,

the

such

under

false

not

as

names

"

will

you

!),but,

until

are,

he

says.

is

there

is

tion,
connec-

overt

no
never

do

admittedly

hide

is overt."

never

they change
His judgment

there

"

habit

is no
be

may

Feiners

Sinn

this wretched

as

the

Jews

action

heard

(I have

long

so

Jews

Jewish

admit

not

answers,

connection;

what

denying

do

Jewish, there

He

things

as

"

Jews

are

names

admit

wild

Jews

element."

Jewish

And

The

as

called

of secrecy

correcting that judgment.

universal
A
suspicion is engendered and spreads.
Meanwhile
the
vice
same
drags into publicity
and
leaves
act and
name
ill-sounding Jewish
every
and
in obscurity the honoured
useful public
names
For a false name,
like a forgery,
actions of Jewry.
is

maintained,

itself.

advertises
It is not
that
a

the

of

always

Jewish
of

cause

Not

actor,

or

that

on

each

as

film- star,

is advertised

or

on

on

are

so

this

same

trick

these

or

big

drum

policy
the

to

is discovered.

wide
The

scientist
of

fruitful

add

world-

attention.

victim
the

connection

account

new

writer

the

in this

which

booms,"

objects of
of
unworthy

usually talented;
case

recognized

and

of anger
the
that
are

"

exasperation, depend

concealment

volume

no

paigns
cam-

Jewish

selected

injustice
has

is

whose

often

genuine grievance. But that the notice demanded

of all proportion and
is out
its dependence
that
Jewish
on
organization is always kept hidden.

THE

108

So

much

great

deal

there

are

First,

two

what

add

to

pages,

discussion

in

which

2.

THE

continue

is to

find

is

and

SUPERIORITY

different

position.
expression. For

its

BY

its

effect

his

non-

whatever
Jew

the
to

any

to

our

The

Jewish

The

will

and

to

The

If
of

which
because

is

It

possible
it

purpose
record

feels

and

himself
and

contemporary

race,

and

truth

is

rarely

fear, shocking in many

it

to

in

mere

any
it

part

of

restrain

to

is

of

to

estimate

value

superior
neighbour

to

of

particularly of our
race
;
feels his nation
immeasurably
superior
other
human
and
particularly
community,
modern
national
communities
in Europe.
frank
of so
mental
fundastatement
simple and
a

our

that

individually

Jew

The

it is

But

JEW

issue.

our

upon

the

object

THE

matter.

remedied.

it, to put it upon

define

to

be

cannot

whole

the

these

whole

superiority is not something

be
recommended,
special policy can

is there

tend

of

errors

quarrel, our

OF

very

the

of

sense

far

up

peace.

EXPEESSION

This

thereon.

take

upon

it, but

upon

would

emphasis

mean

It would

Jew.

written

secondly, it would
my
space;
I particularlywish
in
to avoid

of

much

too

action.

secret

against enlarging

reasons

full

of

be

might

more

element

the

for

JEWS

sound

not
more

many

idea

that

made.
ears.

much

will

It
To

many

shocking
stupefying.

so

the

Jew

should

as

think

sound,
others

comic,
himself

something so
incomprehensible
that
of the
we
feeling.
forget the existence
us
it be
constantly reiterated, for the purpose
it
dealing with this great politicaldifficulty,
superior

is

SPECIAL

THE

FRICTION

OF

CAUSES

109

but
still held
as
perhaps reluctantly admitted,
I contend
of abnormal,
sort
bewildering truth.
that
the
forgetfulness of that truth, the attempt
that truth remaining
to solve the problem without

is

is in

in

the

acts

large

very

upon

assertion, is
his

between

think

the

(1) Either
a

and

race

have

have

they

in

such

In every

of

the
tude
atti-

superiority

by European

the

citizen

like

alien

Jewish

one

of three

been

acted

private

though

as

the

though

Jew

element
sorts

there

who

were

they have attempted

to
destroy the Jew

or

own

the

him.

around

(2) Or

"

merely
happened

were

who

other

any

men
states-

of his
peculiar opinions and customs
not
was
substantiallydifferent from

have

expel,

quarrel

statesmanship

up

always
as

men

in the

conviction

taken

nation,

but

of

Jewish

Jewish

to

social

ours.

attitude

the

openly

Jew

manner,

factor

important

past towards

in their midst

no

tone,

gesture,

attitudes

the
in

very

the

way

failure

our

omitted.

been

For

the

that

statesman,

of

cause

this vital conflict.

past towards
has

in

the

Consider

it

the

measure

and

past;

of the

mind

the

in

fixed

and

constant

to

or

suppress,

with

ignominy

to

and

violence.
of the
recognizing the existence
Jewish
nation
their
as
something separate from
fellow-nationals
istrate,
whom
to adminthey have
own

(3) Or,

while

the

equilibrium by
separateness

have

statesmen

was

sort

of

tried

pact

recognized,

but

in

arrive

to

which

under

at

Jewish

conditions

of disability.
Now
all

in

all these

recognition

three

of the

methods

Jewish

there

is absent

feelingof superiority.

THE

110

the

In
whole

obviously lacking

first it is

idea

of

JEWS

Jewish

is

nation

because

the

absent.

is

It

method,
equally obviously lacking from the second
that
of persecution:
the persecutor instinctively
felt himself
inferior.
to be an
acts as though the Jew
In the third method
it is also absent, not in theory
in
the
have
but
who
statesmen
practice. For
acted
thus in the past have
not
attempted to give
the Jews
a
only, they have in point
separate status
of fact nearly always given them
inferior status.
an
By so doing they have
exasperated the Jewish
national

certain

instance,

For
as

sentiment.

separate people,

untrammelled
it

military service,
of

the
is

There

there

then

indeed

in

been

hands

the

was

fourth
in

from

special recognition

no

of base

attitude

and

or

weak

has

and

of

States

fallen

have

men,

support

which
when

history

decline

active

exaggerated flattery and

wealthy Jews
by
bribed

freedom

or

Jew.

occasionally appeared
have

enforcing registration.

taxation

to

came

Jews

treated

aliens, by forbidding th^m

as

residence, and

when

But

have

nations

is the

that

administrators

few

into

ful
power-

who

were

that
suffering from
these
exceptional cases
to-day. But
(they have
form
a
always led to national
disaster) do not
true
matter.
category of Statesmanship in the
thus
tage
in those who
Nor is there even
actually advana

and

much
as

few

Jews

We

are

their

above

own

give them
special prominence
Jewish
sense
a recognition of the
secret

Bitter

Jews

cowed.

or

by

as

hatred

is

those

of

their

everywhere
who

have

the

Jewish
secret

subjected

fellow-citizens,
and

of

power,

so

superiority

masters.

attack

on

themselves

the
for

THE

SPECIAL

OF

CAUSES

FKICTION

111

bitter
so
gain or publicity, it is nowhere
private speech of the politicians.
It would

presence
all these failures

in

policy,and
the
nonrecognition
success

allow

for

peace

between

it.

fully accept,
of, this

avoid

studiously

and

of

state

Jewish

the

fully

we

will

that

be

never

minority and the

happen to reside
that
community

it may
administrate

who

those

alien

which

within

community
until

Jewish

any

there

that

the

failures

many

unless

obtained

submit

so

having in common
Jewish
feeling,

this

of
be

never

can

of

in the

seem

in

as

the

tion
exaspera-

mind.

form
of
other
statesmanship, as in every
first
definition
is of the
human
activity, exact
We
must
importance.
distinguish at the outset
this Jewish
between
of superiority and
sense
any
real superiority. The
is not
concerned
statesman
with
the
of the
Jewish
Tightness or wrongness
In

attitude.
it may
to do

It

and
in

the

allowed

be

must

He

most

midst

as

happily

is

acting
He

he

nation

the

even

may

be

with

smile

may

must

be

and

at

be

quite sure
with

removed.

material

which

he, has

the

Jewish

that

it is

that

possible

as

which
to

it

know

so

oughly
thor-

which
upon
to deal.

he

of

superiority;
but
he
privately indignant;

which

he

The

Jew

poorest of the

of the

of the

nothing

be tolerated

must

nature

has

his mind

up

from
community
profoundly differs,his next
duty is
the

of

live

to

illusion, or

absurd

most

profound vision.
with
that.
Having made
small and quite alien minority

the

be

be

may

has

poors

magistrate before
policeman who
keeps

to

in the

sense

settle.
East

order

he
in

It

End

feels himself
whom

part of the

permanent

is

the

will
of

the

never

London,

superior

hauled, of the
streets,

and

THE

112

the

immensely

JEWS
of the

simple-faced soldiers
is the most
trade
and
sailors,whose
typical of our
feels himself
He
the superior of
own
even
race.
he
those
better
whom
understands
the negotiators:
the
live
The
people who
by cunning.
faces, our
expression of our
gesture, our
manner;
superior

"

the

fact

very

broader3

that

less acute,

minds,

our

also

are

his

feeling.
This
fixed
idea of superiority which
in
appears
phrase and implication, is taken for granted
every
It is felt, I say, by the poorest
and
by the Jew.
tunate
unformost
oppressed, the least rich and the most
of the Jewish
tunately
Unforpeople in our midst.
and
this is the
it proceeds to
crux
unrestrained
is so
expression. It is this which
is this
It
which
violently resented.
aggravates
the quarrel. It is this which
be
must
kept in
confirms

"

control
of

"

if

the

It appears,

as

emphasis in the
wealthy Jews
very

few

action
with

the

but

all know,

we

the

not

peace;

is ineradicable,

superiority,that
of it.

have

to

are

we

sion
expres-

with

and

whom

sense

ordinary
extra-

manner

of

the

directing
classes of the nation
better
But
acquainted.
are
whether
he be a rich man
sufferingonly from alien
and
hostile surroundings, or a poor
man
suffering
tion
"from all the lowering forces of squalor, of destituand

of

potential

the

Disraeli

when

absorbed

be

absorbed

he

does

also
We

he

hosts

said:

say,

Jew

possible for

allow

for

the

it.

He

felt

by

cannot

be

to
superior race
But
unfortunately
a

that

that

was

as

"The

himself

shows

and

confidence

it, and
I

feels

Jew

inferior."
by an
only repose
on

upon

must,

his

same

it is not

not

acts

of

master

in

reposes

the

contempt,

foundation;

he

is intolerable.
this

feeling in

any

CAUSES

SPECIAL

THE

settlement

make;

we

which

phenomena
need

we

condemn

Here

are

some

of

expression
all discover

for

the

harm

the

the
Jew

the

leading

are

for

them

and

will

done.

will

marvel

in

appear

only giving advice, but

and
will be puzzled to
national

the

He

from

thrust
in

acts

of

discover

upon

all

the

"

these

this

sense

more

of

that

the
of

his indifference
will

He

whether

be

as

of

presence

Jewish

Jew,

policy,

postulate
which,

something

things

like

we

it

or

insolence,"

in

so

far

superiority,is

deliberatelyhostile

We

calculated

no

than

it

as
more

are

they

when

men

"

the

or

attitude.
as

acts

one
every
those
whom

inferiors, and

they imply that

take
these
things

action

direct

not

us.

sneer,"
we

offended.

are

to

it

that

discussions,

as

must,

ours,

instinctivelyin the
take
for granted to
talk

we

will

Jew

granted

attempting

temperament

if different
be

that

feelingis annoying.

Jewish

not,

for

national

our

the

Thus,

religion, taking

our

folly, and

He

familiar

pean
handling of Eurois continually stirring
Jew, which
and
continually
as
European
in wonderment
what
possible

have

can

of

that

the

of

he

write

no

we

between

which

and

open

which

dangerous

very

this

of

relations

ourselves

and

have

wrath

leaving

if

Jewish

of

consequences

"

things by

to

But

us.

First, you

is

by

should

we

attitude

consequences

situation

baffled

be

contrary,

open

superiority
to-day in the

people

into

us

an

"

the

on

its

study

to

inexplicable.

seem

"

113

ourselves.

for

contempt

Jewish

for

also

shall

we

would

allow

not

actively

have

we

Otherwise

consequences.

FRICTION

OF

Jewish

are

wrong

insult.

The

proceeds

from

calculated

and

our

own

actions

THE

114

whenever
those

whom

to

Jewish

make

we

which

ourselves.

to

out,

to

But

them,

resent

if it became

and,

allowances

restrain

to

necessary,

will it be

the

help

happen

it.

He

those

when

of

to

he

of

Jewish

his

best

and

more

work,

is

That
the

Jews

Israel,

and

who

scholar

in

himself

waste
rest.
meant

cratic
demo-

least

supported
doing
was
publisher;
history of

was

he

the

become

to

the

all Hebraic
His

some

the

Jewish

by

he

elite,

Renan

who

on

decided

him

the

were

fascinated

so

the

with
what

cannot

have

who
to

to

And

with

lived, while

and

he

them.

seems

Renan,

dependent

was

all.

it

which

is content

He

those

Jew,

of

thinks

and

The

get into touch

associate

to

people.

who

at

and

but

midst

communion

it.

money

the

from

function, but

Renan,

not

it,

separate

that

all

in

living.

be

attempt

said

by

its

permit

direct, with

shows

he

presence

effort to

race

consents

who

time

And

its

we

no

from

remaining

special sort
of

in

evil,

of this attitude

the
to

separate

shows
with

of

mass

may
remain

superiority,

unavoidable

if

consequence
of it, makes

account

he

of

sense

unless

expression.

open
Another

with

solved

solved

be

never

the

for

granted as an
indignation

our

neither

will

problem

it for

take

on

them

relations

them.

The

more

in

inferior

point

to

them,

reprove

end

think

we

right

are

we

ourselves

find

we

JEWS

things, understood
them
judgments upon

are

Jew

ably
invari-

side of the truth ; the

superficialand to one
of a foreigner
judgments
admiring foreigner
an
he
but
when
not
a
sympathetic foreigner. And
"

said

that

instead

the
of

Jews

passing

were
a

not

judgment

democratic
upon

an

he

was,

intimate

CAUSES

SPECIAL

THE

OF

FRICTION

Jewish
of the
politicalinstinct
external
noting an
phenomenon.
fact, strongly democratic
a
as
are,
so

in their

"

the

form

of

sense

lends

their

history might

endowed

with

Providence
unit

in the

themselves

in

of

for

would

perhaps

suffer.

that

sense

miraculously,

people

The

expression
the

of
It

Jews:

State

certain

also

but

doubt,

survive

to

face
2,000

have
a

live.

they

vokes
pro-

religiousinterpreter
they had been specially
because
by Providence

that

them

remain

for

this

they

The

intended

which

to

say

us

vastly strengthens

resistance, no

misfortunes.

their

to

solidity which

of

power

because

open

our

more

themselves

whom

in

Jews

nation

no

"

among

actions

the

For

to

among
that

by
superiority

and

assurance

of

taken

all their

to

us

on

people, simply

among

undemocratic

they only appear

openly look down
Another

relations

national

115

as

of every

disability;

rationalist

and

will say

tions
condi-

under

years

destroyed

century:

national

yet
that

of

other

any

intended

the

expression
ance
of resist-

superiority,and the power

that
but
different
names
accompanies it are
the same
of
thing; that but for the presence
could
expression of superiority the resistance

not

could

sense

have

succeeded,

have

been

no

but

for

the

persecution

resistance
;

that

there

there
was

design in the matter, only the chance

presence
of a
has
particular quality which
produced its
and
But
whichever
be
logical effect.
necessary
the true
explanation, the historical fact remains,
that
this sense
of superiority produced
an
open
and
the
overweening
expression of it whenever
Jews
have
free to give vent
been
to their
feelings,

no

and

the

that

while

it has

strengthening

had,
of

as

the

one

great consequence,

identity, permanence,

JEWS

THE

116

survival
for

of

the

another

Jewish

great

is

last

one

on

almost

without

impossible to say
giving pain and therefore
and
making the solution
be

must

is

confused

the

undoubtedly
a

feels himself

Jew

also

that

true

we

shirk

It

is

be

it

problem

While

this:

it

is

that

true,

his hosts, it is

feel themselves

his hosts

But

it, the

always
superior of

the

it is

the

will

and

true,

freedom.

difficult.

more

more.

recurrent

danger of
confusing the problem

of

if

said, because,

had,

said, which

be

to

also

of

period

every

thing

has

their

consequence,

oppression following
There

it

people,

ably
immeasur-

We
can
only arrive at
superior to the Jew.
a
just and peaceable solution of our difficulties by
that
the
whom
have
to
Jew,
we
remembering
alien
in the
wealth,
Commonstatus
given special and
is all the
while
thinking of himself as our
superior. But on his side the Jew must
recognize,
however
the recognition may
unpalatable to him
whom
he is living and
whose
be, that those among
inferiorityhe takes for granted, on their side regard
him
less than
themselves.
as
something much
I know,
will be as stupefying to
That
statement,
the
is stupefying to us.
It
Jew
its converse
as
will seem
all
extraordinary, as incredible, and
as
the

of it

rest

truth.
the

Unless

trouble

character

so
as

superior

of

powerful, and
good. True,
which

the

will

European

on

go

to

fortune

feel

(I

am

virtue
be

afraid
has

hidden,

the

permanent

or

truth

that
There

is

no

in

base

so

altogether the
wealthy, however

himself

Jew, however

any

or

recognize
indefinitely.

in

not

it is

and

Jews

mean

cannot

treacherous,

it is true,

but

must

add)

superiority
and

debauched

the

of

cruel,

European

however

its
or

own

the

cannot

FRICTION

OF

CAUSES

SPECIAL

THE

117

morally inferior to a Jew

just, self- governed, merciful, generous,

who

feel himself

but

of it.

rest

individual;

superior
thinking
form

in the

factor
has

been

the

past

may

recognize

the

individual,

while

purchased
he

in
of the

is it for

lack

insolent

does

the

alien

latter.

upon

our

in

when,

acting normally

are

we

cause

to

his lack

great

certain

appreciate this
of appreciation
of difficultyin

Jew

that

problem
same

the

the

the

communal

with

own

of

than

us

of the

race,

contrasting our
disadvantage

the

as

Jewish

when

we

emotion

What
some

for

as

merely

are

stronger

almost

him

to

seem

is

all the

difficult

So

type

characteristics

the

to

how

while

the

national

know

and

and

form,

it is with

we

But

The

feelings.

and

is

our

own

We

eyes,

we

superiors.

as

it not

side.

wonder,

create,

in

has
money-dealer who
high directing place in our plutocracy
merchant

discovers

or

from

the

gesture, the

tone,

chance
Englishman,
expression of some
poor
hack
than
embarrassed
writer,
an
perhaps no more
it not
clear feeling of superiority?
Must
seem
a
insolence?
What
to him
mere
possible claim"
(he will say within himself) has thisgoy, and a poor
unsuccessful
at
that, to treat
me
as
though
goy
the

"

"

less

were

than

he

I, who

am

worth

millions,

doing what I will with his own

national
leaders, who dispose of his State very much
I choose, and
who
belong to that nation which
as
is wholly above
all others, the Jewish
people ?
the Jew
discovers
the consequences
Everywhere
of this feeling,even
though that feeling be to him
its
incomprehensible that he can
hardly admit
so
who

am

ruling and

"

existence.

Well,

whether

he

likes

to

admit

it

or

not, it is

JEWS

THE

118

Individual

there.

in

wealth

of their

sake

which
as

they

read

be

may

because

or

flattered

of the

for

fear

stands.
community
the
current
printed word
the
they never
spoken words

mistake
for

may

fall into

the

of

superiority

on

if

warned,

must

be

that

it does.

of

error

that

thinking

our

part did

ever

the

Such
which
hear

this

is to be

problem

sense

exist.

not

the

of them,

commercial

Jews

Jews

They
solved,

just as in ours, a right solution can

that the
only be arrived at by the frank admission
feeling is there and by the fixed knowledge that,
the
whether
feeling be an illusion or represent a
reality,it will not change ; but also by a repression
In

their

it in

of

We

case,

mutual

our

add

may

relations.

to

our

of this subtle

summary

but

of disturbance
the
further
truth
profound cause
that
a
paradox of the sort is to be found, though
other
perhaps less emphasized, in every
political
The
in
problem.
diplomat resident
a
foreign
certitude
capital has to consider not only his own
his

that
of

hosts

their

general
over

in the

the
and

field may
will do

he

confidence

negotiator in commerce
recognize it, or at

invites

disaster.

For

to

and

his.

as

yet

he is matched

Still

own.

The

mastery
is

opponent

forget that

his

certitude

of his

certain

if that

ill to

equal

him

to

be

but

opponent,

an

undefeated

by

superiority

own

their

inferior, but

are

more

does

this principle
upon
if he fails to do so, he

act

least

when

the

commercial

man

overreaching his neighbour, his

chances
of success
his
largely depend upon
very
he
really
as
neighbour
treating that
though
is

were

be

occupied

what

dealing

in

he
with

believes
a

himself

stupid

and

to

He

be.

vain

man

may

easily

he

stupid

then

man,

general, there
(which is much

In
even

for, and

however

success

no

act

as

bargain.

others,

over

nor

permanent
others, unless
know,
we

self- judgment

the

upon

we

wrong

his

lets

necessary), any

more

possible with

arrangement
allow

is

if he

victim

miss

will

he

119

but

and

that

it appear
vain
and

FRICTION

OF

impoverished,
regards his proposed

overmatched

be

to

CAUSES

SPECIAL

THE

believe

may

that

of

others,

self-judgment

be.

to

that

is clear

It

let

and,
the

us

all

with

other

being superior

A
on

which

the

of

two

whether

and

us.

But

the

aid

in

Jew

to

as

illusion

in the

the

necessarily
still

back
anger

these

for

in

reaching

they

arrive

and

the

the

as

justified

is

of

but

for

each

restrain

to

our

without

rule

what

in

contempt

no

regards
expression

its

settlement

at,

reality,

and

admit

folly, but

the

factor

what

each

as

present

in

incurable

an

other.
to

old

accompanied
followed

decide

to

solution

granted
to

looking

nearer

in his

there

able

Jew

right.

and

were

own

permanently

alternative
into

our

other

secretly regards

folly,
The

take

of

sake

settlement

out

be

man

be

Jew

the

cannot

better

the

guidance,

parties

for

or

working

of such

the

are

both
an

of

race

opponents

we

of the

contempt

the

our

problem

same

whom

parties

quarrels might

petty

our

the

Jew

that

race

among

both

the

it is between

(for

Occidental

races

to

between

European

lies, though

himself),

find

may

conflict

white

the

problem

present
arises

the

say,

and

Jew

this

in

by

such

circle

by
remorse.

self-restraint
of

submission,

shame

and

is

falling

consequent
violence, and

FRICTION
THE

CAUSE

UPON

OF

OUR

SIDE

VI

CHAPTER

concluded

HAVING
friction

friction

of

cause

superfluous.
If

opposite.

if

Jews),

parasitical

but

if
of

none

its

objector
But

apart
allow

is

house

The

the

from
such

situation
the
a

The

fact

of
it.

need

is

What

general

general
in the

part

no

what

body

business

disturbance

the

As

that

cause

not

seek

for

is
any

side.

and

there

is not
that

is

Jew

the

ours:

say),

may

it.

one

its

on

upon

the

defined

the

preys

of

of

case

matter.

cause

rid

get

always

nearly

examine

to

in

minority

sufficiently

the

has

It

making,

responsibility

the

in

the

against

possible

in

is

disturbs

passive.

react

it

trouble

not

worst

best

appear
to

and

the

at

would

the

at

(which

B,

irritates

alien

an

and

irritates

why

seem,

play

irritated

the

body,

need

and

the

was

equal

why

certainly
it would

have,

position

part

it

to

task

are

shown

irritant

an

as

you

reaction

regard

you

the

that

shown

have

of

causes

turn

must

we

seem

presumably

which

and

the

and

you

community

is

Action

again,

Or

A.

might

also

have

you

it

the

of

SIDE

own.

our

upon

sight

first

At

side,

Jewish

the

upon

review

brief

OUR

UPON

FRICTION

OF

CAUSE

THE

as

the
of

description
123

is

his

intruder
end

an

simple
Jew

an

as

will

that.

of

(an
it.

Quite

certainly

activity,

there

Hot

is

THE

124

the

obvious

two

human

have

truth

JEWS
where

that

is, with

factors, that
also

dealing
analysable organic things.

duties,
with

are

you

two

of

sets

of

men

and

can

no

two

You

are

of

to

this

part which

is in

in

proceeds
between

Though

we

inherent

in

all the

which

proof

is

It

it

contrast

mere

there

But

is

the action

by

of this is that

calm

of

two

and

times

these
and
page,
had
the causes
not

earlier

side, but

either
All

that

contrast

briefly.
the

of

general
the

Jews

in

races,

there

have

been,

places,
could

those

have

not

of friction

and

has

in what
the

be

tained
main-

modified

been
ours.

set

from

down

just

difference

ourselves.

an

on

been

arises

which
may

exceptional
alluded

have

character

causes,

wills.

our

of the

especially upon

It is included

Jews

long story

of friction

cause

is

in the

which

to

the

than

more

inherent

are

the

which

understanding of it makes
can
certainly change
we

an

which

element

that

any

and

between

chapters

between

the

change

nature

our

various

mere

it is in

Jews.

be remedied

can

cannot

elements

relations

on

part ourselves

the

characters.

difference;

The

in

from

change theirs, yet

those

to

will.

the

can

know

we

inevitable, because

measure

racial

two

dealing

which

play
and

us

measure

remaining part
of

group
that we

between

quarrel

and

group
absolutely, and

with

other

any

It is certain

contact.

also

and

man

ill, both

or

common

known

wills

which

particular question in hand;

can
men
responsibility
escape

some

group

in relation

in

well

do

relatively to

on

with

free, in spite of sophists.

be

therefore

these

wills, and

factors

two

and

nature

common

with

dealing

are

you

the
very

been
in

If their

said

nature

form

of

SIDE

OUB

UPON

FRICTION

OF

CAUSE

125

of
generosity, their form
loyalty is, as it is, of a different quality from ours ;
of quality
difference
the same
show
if their defects
the
colour ; if we
perpetually feel, as we do feel,,
or
friction caused
by this contrast, so do they, presumably,
their
in
feel a
corresponding friction
be able
of us
shall neither
We
dealings with us.
admit
must
We
of affairs.
it,
to change that state
their

courage,

and

must

we

another.
When
with

must

is

ascribe

motive,

does

man

not

is very
their interests

wasp

and

wicked,

wasp

it moral

give

He

motive.

motive

He

is the

his

When
with

inimical

his, he

to

All

motive.

his

that

and

has

he

because

truism

is

to
a

accept

different

them
matter.

as

to
as

part
It

feelings,
the

deal

to

with

ascribe

to

that

knows

his,

differs from
in

old

is

of

degree

any

ascribe

those who
have
If you
not
to live with
there is no
from
done,
great harm
you
have

the

ing
action, includ-

is therefore

is inclined

man

all wasps,
or
works
him
that

begins

once

motive

that

is

he

when

so,

the

condemn

of all human

spring

own.

contrasts

do

must

condemn

at

his

his

in

call

not

not

around

anything else in nature

But
against his interest.
human
other
beings, man
a

does

he

does

does

relief to

He

names.

Still less

wasp.

clash.
as

ascribe.

to

of
purpose
of the
purpose

the

save

nor,

not

the

from

or

do

bitterness

with

though

wasps,
different

upon.

we

motive

no

in

nature,

nature,

about

go

against

heart

inanimate

is

there

for

evil

an

insisted

be

to

that

granted

itself

is in

point
dealing with
are
we
unintelligent animate
That

nature.

it for

take

not

ourselves

from

difference

its

understand

to

try

all, we

Above

of

form

as

evil

an

the
thus
but

hills.
differ
if

you
life, it

your
essential
then

JEWS

THE

126

the

to

the

of

order

State

that

motive

directly antagonistic

this

should

illusion
be

of

watched

restrained.

and

all this

But

the

than
The

mere

first

is the

same

point

of

rather

concerns

of

cause

whether

view,

friction.
is that

of friction

cause

has

as

just

been

which

contrast

it from

describe

we

in the matter

duty

our

aliens'

the
or

from

lie within

the

done,

our

own.

The

of friction

causes

will, and

of the
a

for reform,

matter

of them

which

which

is

undoubtedly

therefore, directly

are,

of another

are

kind.

dealings with the Jew.

This disingenuousness extends
from
of history. It is more
to our
treatment
than
most
of, more
people are aware
than

those

affects
when
in

who

think

it

when

as

affects

trying to defend
The
only two
in

candour

completely
Jew
the

when

with

attempting

are

State

the

aware

relations

our
we

are

we

Jews

kinds

of

and

one

much

position
I

Indeed,
when

we

show

perfect

the

Jews

who

can

hardly

accepts

as

are

them.

attack

we

with

who

our

It

as

their

who

in

admit.

them.

when
men

to

just

more

first

daily habit
deep-rooted
widespread

our

defend

attack

dealings
ignorant dupe

old fiction

the

than

them

sees

it like

to

their

he

of

relations

our

The

disingenuousness

our

vince
pro-

are

the

tell

reality

of there

being no difference
except a
difference
of religion (which he has been
taught to
think unimportant) and the person
Anticalled an
"

Semite."
Both
That

these
is

grateful

why
to

types certainly say

in

their

both,

contemptible.

heart

although

The

Jew

what

they

think.

of hearts

the

both

intellectually

feels, I

are

think,

Jews

when

are

he

FRICTION

OP

CAUSE
meets

either

where

I am."

among

the

fault

of

side

which

for convention
conceived
A

fault

have

you

of social

great
of

allowed

intercourse,

deliberately

evil.
friend

his

and

when

the

to

the rest, it remains

and

moral

man

It is the

corresponds
And

127

I know
rate
any
of men,
especially

At

Jews.

necessities

for routine, for the

SIDE

grossly disingenuous

are

the

with

theirs.

upon

"

great bulk

cultivated,

dealings

OUR

types,

the

But

our

secrecy

of these

more

in all their

UPON

in

meet

the

street

whom

they exchange ordinary

they know;
civilities with
The
moment
him;
they pass on.
each
his back
is turned
comments
to his companion
of the
the Jewish
character
man
they have
upon
just left,and almost invariably to his disadvantage.
Now
this way
of going on
does not imply
to blame
that when
Jewish
meet
acquaintance you
you
your
him
to offend
are
by saying to his face the kind of
his back;
that would
be a
things you say behind
monstrous
piece of cynicism and, in practice,insane.
Jew

We

do

does

not

in

thus

act

mean

that

in

of the

voice,

relation

any

the

attitude,

of life.
the

But

it
the

gesture,

deliberately false part

in our
relations
with
do not
Jews, which
we
play
in our
relations with any
A peculiar
other people.
pretence, a pretence only practised with Jews, is
allusion
There
is no
to
elaborately maintained.
tone

or

admission

we

real

our

therefore

We
and

of

play

we

relieve

of

attitude,

suffer
the

of

sense

unnatural

an

strain

our

strain;

the

admitted

things

the
that

Jew
were

as

Jew,

uppermost

wards
after-

immediately

by an exaggeration of the contrast

pretended to ignore. It is blameworthy in
it is peculiar to that one
degree because
we

talked
in

his

trast.
con-

have

we
a

special

case.

to

mind

him

If
of

and

JEWS

THE

128

in

in

foreigner
harm

to him

"

which

is

him
The

to

his

with

mix

is with

fault

This

done

no

double

exasperation
by deceiving

an

their

wealthiest

the

have

classes
idea

true

no

of their

guests

of
and

guests.

daily example, but it is

shallow.
least important, for it is passing and
disingenuousness spreads to relations
more
cited

I have
the

been

position.

to-day, especially in London,

their real position in the eyes
the

by

us

other

any

have

fault, to him

own

true

who

Jews

would

To

us.

entirely our
to

as

and

treat

we

lie has

is the

it

As

as

there

midst,

our

done.

harm

him

treated

and

ours,

permanent.

obvious

an

man

accepts

him

of these

permanent

into

goes

business

with

Jew,

him

with

constantly
in his heart
and
disloyalty to that
a
yet nourishes
of
constant
relationship. It is a phenomenon
it poisons the relations
and
between
the
recurrence
If a man
is prepared to enter
into one
two
races.
differs

partner,

he

character,
of

those

works

relations

fundamentally

human

One

as

from
must

consequences,

with
himself
face
if he

another

man

who

in tradition
the

and

consequences.

is to

remain

an

positionwith
the advantage
all that it implies. He
have
cannot
it
of the Jewish
he hopes to have
as
sobriety,the
Jewish
tenacity, the Jewish lucidity of thought, the
Jewish
Jewish
international
relationships, the
opportunity of advancement
through the aid of his
time secretlyindulge in a
fellows, and at the same
contempt and dislike for his companion, and relieve
that is
that
Yet
suppressed feelingin his absence.
what
doing daily throughout the business
men
are
honest

man,

is the

"

acceptation

of the

"

world.
Listen

to

the

conversation

of

such

man

as,

FRICTION

OF

CAUSE

UPON

OUR

SIDE

129

in
intimate
commercial
thus
having
engaged
misfortune.
relationship with the Jew, falls upon
He
spends the rest of his life denouncing the Jews
in
and
his own
companion in misfortune
as
race
a
nified
particular. He has no right to do it. It is undigof all,it is unjust.
it is puerile, but, worst
;

he

should

him

accept

something

find

We

attitude

in the

case

that

perhaps

of those

the

contrary,

who

even

Jewish

non-

partner

is for

his

share.

complaint about
perpetually in a grievance that
that

or

been
the

robbed,

almost
there
Jew's

is

side.
a

former

page

commercial
all the

rest, make

"

is, as

often

left

fact, often

(as the
has

"

it)

On

well

as

as

his

and

non-

Jew

overreached

pretty

is

reached,
over-

he

has

where

fortunes

so

grudge.

In

come

across

behind

"

of

the

success.

of the

other
upon

Jew

in

tenacity and
unequal ; that in a

contest

Jew

in

He

be said upon
the
what
called
I have
"

the

ever

can

ruthlessness

the

between

have

conditions

that

relations,

partnership

commerce

the

in

justice,

cases

of recrimination

said

For

been

the

for

room

that

case

well what
be

can

no

under

even

very

It

is

element

"

rare

very

overwhelming,

so

has

he

note

in their

bullied, or that

been

in those

other

every
is that

I know

has

there

that

back

he

save

success

rapid,

to

worse

successful

are

of

mood

he

difficult

through an alliance with the Jew.

be
added
to
gratitude should
gratitude is very rarely shown.

business

and

be

but

not

when

ill.

or

this

doing

was

of that relationship
consequences
well for
whether
out
they turn

The

relationship.

he

could

what

into

entered

what

knew

presumably

He

and

the

is, as

vocabulary

in the cart."

But

of

pray

nona

Jew

fact,

modern

why

did

THE

130

the

Jew

non-

JEWS
the

into

enter

precisely in
could, by those

alliance

it not

order

he

qualities which
those
expected that

denounces
which

for the

make

would

also

within

even

himself.
certain

such

his

watch

to

be

Jew

he

interests

commerce

that

there

competition,

backed

He

later

qualities

in

of

amount

Was

benefit, if

knew

He

alliance.

an

own

should

of the

success

benefit

always

must

he

very

He

that

all ?

at

himself

conditions

under

which

he entered
into them.
perfectly well when
He
in quarrellingwith
has not a leg to stand
upon
the results
of the relationship, for in so doing he
is merely quarrelling with
his own
judgment and,
he

knew

for

the

If

Jewish

tolerate

cannot

man

that, his

of

matter

and

race

our

the

between

contrast

if he

or

own,

plot.

own

the

regards that race

invariably defeat

will
possessing energies which
him
then
let him
in the competition of commerce,
Jewish
alliance
from
a
keep away
altogether. It
is the
himself
with
simplest plan. But to immix
as

commercial

the Jewish
the

at

All
with
Those

results
this

is

is

worse,

relations

even

relations

activityand
despicable.
of course,
closer than

disingenuousness

and

possible form.
with

the

They

in

avowed

think

the

private fortune, or
wise.
they are

exceptional power
have

the

Jew

is

of

dealing

commerce.

modern

world,

the

takes

especially of

wealthier

the

the closest

worst

friends

of

age.
personal advantto
friendship will help them
purpose

great positionsin the State, or

of

grumble

to

one

those

them

gentry, will make

classes of the
Jews

Men,

when

in the

numerous

are

then

to

of

to

fame.

For

in all these

the

the
In

Jew

things.

continually at

their

advancement
that
has

They

lation
calcu-

to-day
fore
there-

tables, they

CAUSE

UPON

FRICTION

OF

the

stay continually under

of life

relations
Yet

be.

they

unnatural

they

relieve

situation

their Jewish
of such

among
has got

situation
sort

of disease

that

when

on

with

their revenge.
And
this truth

their

nerves.

them

It is

take

it

applies

even

Christian

an

at

sneer

One

say

may

increasing
to-day an
they are
rich) that the falsityof their
our
It has
I

and

opportunity comes,
against Jewish
power
and
they will be
open,

insistent

can

such

standing

am

and

to

certain

the

public

rises, clamorous,
the

among

abominable,

but

rank,

that

is, in
bitterness

the

first to

it is true.

applies not only to friendships,

marriages. Marriage between

Jew

interest, and

become

very

when

the

reaction

friends

which

absence.

in their

all the

In

as

strain

the

131

(and

men

majority

intimate

imposes by

friends

SIDE

roof.

Jew's

as

are

OUR

affair

an

relation

the

of
is

breeds

excessive.
This
the

disingenuousness,

part of

our

then

in its

race

lack

"

dealings

of candour

with

the

on

Jew

"

the
wealthy and
particularly rife among
middle
classes (far less common
the poor),
among
dare
said, to history. We
extends, as I have
not,
will not teach in our
history books the plain facts
or
a

vice

of the relations

between

We

story of these

throw
the

among

rightinto
it.

the

In

what

and
than
teacher

the

the
line

half-dozen

two

or

be

of the

Jews

under

Cromwell.

under

quite
A

Empire

man

factors

when
of
come

silent
I

across

cannot

without

mention
boy
school-

the
no

relations.
the

more

The

expulsion

their
upon
read
the

hearing

are

history,

do

we

upon

or

of

history

those

Edward

Jews.

relations, which

leading

upon

the

and

race

own

background even
they are taught
undergraduate

cannot

of the Roman

our

of the

return

history

THE

132

war.

of

economic
Crown.

without

England
position

But

of

the

Constitutional

hearing

Jews

of

of the

the

under

vastness

insistent

and

the

read

cannot

man

History

JEWS

the

special

Mediaeval
its

subject,

character

throughout two
its great episodes;
thousand
its general
years;
all that
effect
is deliberately suppressed.
How
people, for instance, of those who
many
profess a good knowledge of the Roman
Empire,
permanent

"

in

even

written

its

details,
the

upon

massacres

of

alone, and

the

are

tremendous

Jews

let

aware,

alone
and

massacres

have

counter-

and

of
Europeans, the mass
edicts alternatelyprotecting and
persecuting Jews ;
the economic
position of the Jew, especially in the
later empire ; the
character
of the dispersion ?
There
took
place in Cyprus and in the Libyan
cities under
Hadrian
Jewish
movement
a
against
Jewish
the surrounding nonsociety far exceeding
the
late wreckage
in violence
of Russia, which
were
to-day fills all our thoughts. The massacres
wholesale
the reprisals. The
and
Jews
so
were
killed a quarter of a million of the people of Cyprus
authorities

Roman

was
repression which
One
might pile up

point is, that

been

allowed

Jew

was

in

spring, how

the

that
he

pitilesswar.
instances
indefinitely.

Roman

survived

State

from

its violent

his

antagonism to it ; the
whereby he was
a
excepted from
gods ; his handling of its finances"
it affords
later
to
parallel which
him

and

silence.

taught,

The
even

average

in

some

educated
man
average
hear of them.
What

to

with

answered

educated

man

has
a

The

never

factor

which

the
all

we

antagonism to
specialprivilege
worship of its
all the
times
who

fullness, his Roman

intimate
is left
has

in

been

History,

CAUSE

FRICTION

OF

leaves

that

study

(if he

had

noticed

detail
it is with

So

them
the

SIDE

impression that
but
at all) are

the

with

in

OUR

UPON

133

the

Jews

nificant
insig-

an

story.

history

and

recent

more

even

temporaneous.
con-

history of the nineteenth

The
of
special character
century it is outrageous.
the
Jew, his actions
through the Secret Societies
and
revolutions
of foreign States, his
in the various
through finance, political
rapid acquisition of power
and
all that is left
social, especially in this country
It is an
out.
exact
parallelto the disingenuousness
the

In

"

which
who

in social

note

we

shall have

written

The

monograph
century history and

nineteenth

of

relations.

left his

elements
ignorance of the Jewish
will regale you
in private with
dozen
a

man

half

was

policy by

thus

Jewish

so

"

with

the

far

rubbish.

yet

"

ceased.

in

Jewish

came

in thus

word

of it

and
the

on

"

Bergson

Maximilian

in his criticism
the
It is

applies

German)

of his
and

weakening,

"

to

is

reader

lies.

Mosevitch,
M.

lucidity"
being

the

newspaper

Schiff, and

Mr.

Americans"

own

The

"M.
"

courageous

go-between

equally

shameless

most

Roumanian"

French

in his

it is still possible to deceive

as

Pole";

story

anecdotes

Jew

falsehood

record.

contemporary

Cohen,

the

not

the

deliberate

deceived

but

in

readers

controlled

was

mistress;

forth:

so

page

This

"

another

point

such-and-such

And

printed

Jew

negotiation was
a
such-and-such
a
family

in
"

was

Jew

such-and-such
blood

man

man

some

upon

in

such-and-such

same

him

Abraham

distinguished

other
with

tive
representahis

typically
Harden,
always
own
people" (his
the

of

the

it has

not

rest

admit, but

THE

134

Now

this

of falsehood

form

who

the souls of those

not

in

comes

and

it has
in

the

concern
as

Jewish

course,

that

book.

does

it

Where

the

of friction, is in

cause

the

But

of friction between

removable
upon

in it.

this

of

of

corrodes,

indulge

matter

cause

JEWS

two

the

races,

effect

of their

conception

position
gether.
conception alto-

society. It falsifies that

Jew
It produces in the
false sense
of
a
security and a completely distorted phantasm of the
in which
he is really received
in our
society.
way
this
The
more
disingenuousness is practised the
the surprisewhich
its discovery
follows
more
upon
the more
and
legitimate the bitterness and hatred
that
in those
which
of whom
surprise occasions
we
the hosts.
It is not
are
only true of this country ;
our

it is true
has

of every

been

harboured

Invariably

he

rude, that

was

him

that

novel
he

found

had

himself

All this would

and

will

other

has
he

The
is the

second

protected.
awakening

to
by what seemed
and
inexplicable feeling against him;
friends
and
thought he was
among
treacherous
enemies.
suddenly among

have

be saved

the

his

that

Jew

bewildered

was

been

friction
main

saved

to ourselves

pestilent habit
Disingenuousness
of

time

complained

this

cause

for

and

the

in which

country

in

of

falsehood

is,

on

our

between
cause

others

to

the

near

were

side, the
the

two

of friction

in the

past,

future, if
eliminated.
first main
races.

side
our
upon
with
the Jews.

unintelligence of our
dealing
ingenuousn
disThat
to the
unintelligence is allied, of course,
of which
I have
spoken ; but it is a
learn
from
the less, and
we
can
separate thing none
its opposite, for their dealings with us
the Jews
are
know
what
always intelligent. They
they are
relations, though they often
driving at in those

we

What

could

be

the

than

OUR

SIDE

which

with

135

they

deal.

not
even
seem
again, would
driving at.
unintelligent,for instance,

over

what

know

to

and

over

we,

material

the

misunderstand
But

UPON

FRICTION

OF

CAUSE

are
more

special forms

which

courtesy with

of

the

talking of the elaborate,

I have
false friendship which
just dealt with under
of the
the head
of disingenuousness, but
genuine
Jew

is treated

at

attempts
the

intimate

those

courtesy which

of it.
rich

It may

there

is in

And

them,

to

the

them.

with

have

desire

avoid

to

the Jews,
the surface

on

the

no

is almost

It

courtesy

offensive

as

"

"

not

patronage

men

poor

do

commonly

compared

people

who

and

with

who

alien

those

by

expresses

be

show

men

with

relations

invariably, in

this

towards

expressed

relations

intimate

not

am

courtesy

courtesy

have

that

thing

as

world.

how

unintelligent is our
dealing with any
the
for
instance,
particular Jewish
problem;
it
of Jewish
mask
problem
immigration ! We
under
false names,
the alien question,"
calling it
Russian
the
influx
of undesirables
immigration."
from
Eastern
and
Central
Europe," and any
"

"

"

number
is

of other
of

one

remarkable

not

more

one

is taken

This
field.

Jew

in

who

least

and

would,

for former
heroes

offend

than

the

of

less

period.

into
than

Dickens'

as

it were,

process

stupidity, for

all the

to

Jews

efforts
amends

make

no

selves.
them-

another

many

the

is

falsehood

the

but

unintelligence extends
How
unintelligent are

writers
Jews

falsehood,

cowardly

The

equivalents.

timorous

of
to

the

the

persecution by putting imaginary

their books.
In this particular we
did

our

offence

fathers
was

of

grave.

the
He

Victorian
disliked

JEWS

THE

136

instinctively; when
according to his inclination
criminal.
Hearing that he

he

Jews

this

for

Sheik

earth

on

and

and

utterly

Jewish

Jew

the

by

Jew,

non-

will hear

make
Jew

is like
Arab

an

Old

the
on

an

character.
of the

defences

the

amends

who

English

various

with

even

out

embroidered

the

unintelligentare

How

him

Jew

of
compound
picture from

purely

"

made

whole

the

Testament,
non-

Bible

Family

of

sort

"

of

must

introduced

action, he

nothing

he

wrote

intentions

best

tell you

solemnly, as a sort of
revelation, that there are
kindly, witty Jews, Jews
I well
who
are
good prize-fightersor good fencers.
who
remember
tried hard
old gentleman
to
one
convince
me
(as though I needed
convincing) that
You

there
do

people

Jews

were

who

myself

not

he

does, and
is in

good

that

because

had

assures

motives

man's

of the

are

me,

but

not

son

my

decoration

unintelligent is

How

"

said to

houses,
much

that

me

taste."

the

idea
and

open

serving the
State that you have, thereforehe is to be perpetually
".tillmore
under
unintelligent is
suspicion ! How
the conception that, although he is alien, yet you
him
in certain
cannot
special services for the
use
because

has

Jewish

into

go

He

taste.

he

the

not

for

reasons

same

State.
This

of the

treatment

fixed

rest

though

never

when

to

be

or

non-

Jew

relations.
with

man

the

Englishman, the Frenchman

perpetually approaching the Jew
The

are

also had
able

learn

we

cousin,

he

the

nomad,

in

specially apparent

in his international

Jew

habitation.
the

and
as

is

Jew

The

is

unintelligence

to

that

nephew,

fixed

get

over

or

habitation.
the

shock

particular Jew
brother

of another

We

of
abroad
Jew

seem

surprise
is the

with

CAUSE

OF

different

name

UPON

FRICTION
in

yet another

England,

with

or

in Pinsk

name

is thus

the

nomadic,

in birds

which

surprise when
of things
nature
civic situation
of all

stupid
into

German

the

dreadful

their

had

seemed

always
important men

and

that

terms

of

feel

over

shock

in

must

feature

the

in the

that

the

reading

of

their

and

scandal
that

most

oneself

hear

of

be

Cabinet

made

that
their

of the Jew

foreign

bewildered.

there

with

the mark

of

were

name

and

They

even

speciallyscandalous.
material

own

which

names

few

have

Why
a
heap by
borne
by

the

and
a

But

the two
distant

tions,
rela-

rassed.
get embar-

thing

would
of

that

poor

often

man

race.

years

original names,

often

some

with

man

all of

the

our

which

Minister.

struck

own

that

with

got into trouble

relations

poor

relative, also of

the

attitude

fall into

rapid fortune
from
political position, suffered

of

all

is to

society
simple enough.
They

been

had

to

revelation

surprise to

case

that

thing for

to

what

discovery

not

were

and

who

errors,

horror

who

They

no

Jewish

the

adopt

regular

most

Jew,

the first cousin

not

have

the

the

name,

was

In

be

stupid

whispered

rich

the

same

and

Yet,

others.

men

Jews

To

discover

we

of the

I remember

ago,

the

take

invariably dp

of

of

it for

we

with

Francisco.

essence

of passage.

almost

we

as

137

Jew

granted
international, spread

world, migratory,

granted

SIDE

another

San

or

surely, this is of the very

position. We ought to take
Jew

OUE

our

would

have
own

felt
race,

purchased

disreputable
because

unusual

in the
elements

origin, they

were

thought it in some
way
They had not appreciated the
they were
dealing, and that is

unintelligence.

But

the

cream

of unin-

THE

138

telligence,the

JEWS

in which

form

unintelligenttreatment
of him
most
exasperates the Jew, is undoubtedly
ceaseless
of the man
that typical, that
who
is
case
perpetually crying out against Israel, and purposing
the
who
nourishes
sterile
man
nothing
a
the clarityor vigour to
grievance ; who has not even
would
be
horrified
at
attempt suppression; who
persecution, almost equally horrified at any breach
of convention,
and yet continues
to cry out
against
he does
of affairs which
state
a
nothing to put right
"

and

for which

he

last

the

The

the

Jews

in the

the

in

shoes

of the

Jew

fault

associate

with,

in

those
to

seems

deal

effort

ready
with

to

far

resident
of

sense

because

to

that

them.

our

side

problem,
And

The

to

yet

we

position

it.

It is

who

Jews

who

make
have

never

has

the

daily

It

to

imaginative
parallel
only
us,

the

feels among
feel when
we

Jew

himself

are

we

"

to
;

his territorial

nation.

in

of exile, a
a
sense
foreign country
irritation
against alien things, merely
alien; a great desire for comthey are
panionship
and
for understanding,
yet a great

indifference
finds

ourselves

upon

from

greater intensity,what
in

to

his

fawn

on

anyone

that

way

towards

and

aloof

keep

hands.

half

in those

off,

between

charity, and

to understand

as

common

required.

our

of

refusing to go
refusing to put

as

Jewish

the

is lack

so

solution.

of friction

causes

of

live

to

theoretic

of

just

who

even

his attitude

and

occur

with

form
and

universal

as

main

Jew,

society

our

not

ourselves

and

simplest

meet

the

of

has

If

we

the

fate

of those

added

an

attachment,
has

home,

for he

could

perpetually

parallel, the
greatly modified,

friction

on

our

he

whom

among

not,

none,

indeed,

but

to

bear

in

side

would

his

mind
be

There

from

Societies
should

visited, but

are

is

of

mass

position

great Jewish

books
from

read

is there

It is

to

the

I;

have

addressed

for

the

myself

effort

that

they

great

ob

best

on

is not

than

Jewish

ject

of very
one

every

is

Jewish

rarely

the

is

fault
on

think

the

of secrecy

the

approach,

to

us
we

And

can.

it better

knows

one

one

occasion

audience

when

have

ought
problem
It

who

make

to

it is

admits
it is

all, and

at

found
But

language.

severe

made.

It

made.

No

course.

more
a

which

there

effort

as

Jew's

view.

not

use

understand

the

themselves

I do

for

approach

than

an

those

as

mean

that

Jews

us

effort, of

an

of the

among

present

will, and

"

told

be

may

of secrecy.
all his
With

use

objection applies.

that

literature

largelythat

of their

account

say

much

as

dealing specially with

the Jew's
own
point of

known.

or

of all this is

if we

addresses

given,

are

nearly

not

ask

be.

There

Jew

addresses

Those

139

which

occasional

have

to

SIDE

societies

Jewish

many
better
than

non-Jews.

OUE

UPON

are

nothing

not

FEICTION

OF

CAUSE

an

is not

only an effort
because
it involves
the crossing of a gulf, it is also
effort because
find this alien thing in
an
we
many
Yet
to
that
us.
people make
repugnant
ways
effort
for
the
of the
State
continually
purposes
very

where

other

important

races

that

administrated
race,

The

relations

time,

and

Jew

between

for

are

is with

his

the

race

us

those

it where
other

relations

always
and

ours

and

be

more

the

alien

Jews
races,

officials of

by

moment

them

is far

It

make

permanently

between

they

concerned.

should

For

will not

own

The

they

concerned.

are

are

so
us

our

administered.
are

for

brief

that

constantly change.

and

the

will

type of

remain

contact

much

the

THE

140

through
through

same

have

Here,

of

First,

so

is the

general

of

of

that

two

which

cause,

the

as

summary,
the
between

friction

nature

effect

indefinitelylong future
long a past.
very

an

then,

causes

JEWS

the

the

trasting
con-

races.

irritant

the

upon

This

contrast.

it, of

lies in

and

two

see

they

as

is not

cause

be

to

eliminated,

be
modified.
though its effects may
It is a profound contrast
and
a
sharp irritant constant
in its activity. The
is to recognize
essential
its real nature,
of
not
to give to it general terms
faults and
vices, but to appreciate the difference of
above
it
all,not to tell lies about
quality involved
:
and
pretend it is not present.
I
of
friction
to
Secondly, as
special causes
"

mean

which

causes

if not

eliminated,

that

the

their

on

at

rate

any

prominent
superiority which, though
most

least

at

can

side, as

be

The

1.

it cannot

be

2.

The

of

use

partly

as

upon
Jews

by the
secrecy
of defence, partly

weapon

of

destroyed,
which,

and

expression

suggest

sense

pretty irony, is equally strong

by

"

be,

can

ours,

modified

are:

in

checked

on

both

sides.

themselves;

as

method

of

action,

of a
nature
always to be deplored, and
particularly exasperating to
our
temperament.
3.
side, a persistent disingenuousour
Upon
of this minority.
Unintelliin our
treatment
ness

in

gence
worse

by

refusal

to

their
an

make

understanding
must
always be
from

our

own.

treatment:

indifference
the

effort

as

well

with

us

or

the

whole

lack

of

necessary
as

and

we

for

which

charity, a
meeting and

the

can

is

made

yet

race

so

which
different

FRICTION

OF

CAUSE

UPON

OUR

SIDE

141

permanently present
called
I have
the
tend
to
tragic
produce what
of a Jewish
colony, then ill-ease,
cycle: welcome
followed
by persecution,
by acute ill-ease, followed
This followed, naturally,
exile and even
massacre.
by a reaction and the taking up of the process all
again.
over
time
have
In our
quite lately,the
we
own
seen,
these

Now

of the

succession
have

we

second

further

third; from

extreme
to

come

quite secure
of this cycle.
persecution:

it is not

But

society is
live to

riots

see

newer

Such
effort

in

our

presented
passing we
those
and

should

who

the immediate

the

of
presence
that it is acute
That

the

and

that

Anti-Semite,

Jews

abhorrent.

is

;
a

I
my

of the

propose

to

next

be

may
worse

by
the

every

problem
But

sought.

consideration

the

of the

acuteness

the

in
of

problem

peril,as

examine

chapter.

solution

man

which

of increase

its rate

warning

to

is necessary.
to-day of a new

presence

phenomenon

for

the

is the

type, the
It

no

practicalnecessity for a solution,

which
phenomenon
amply proves

phenomenon
are

alive

now

solution

note,

doubt

may

never

and

avoided

be

imperatively

must

it will

states.

and

power

last

the

quiet polity and

is to

catastrophe

Some

in this

less settled

or

from

everywhere:

change.

even

to

is still inconceivable.

that

inconceivable

free from

sage
pas-

the second

certain

are

terrible conclusion.

to-day
We

stages

That

from

to the

feel

We

in

to ill-ease.

passage

third

the

first of these

the

to

welcome

from

passed

threatens
the

of friction

causes

that

to

has

whom

all the

increased

prodigiously
is accelerating,and
as

proof of its magnitude,

phenomenon
closelyin

ANTI-SEMITE
THE

CHAPTER

ANTI-SEMITE

THE

understand

To

only

its

man

who

also

factors

the

understand
has

its
is

It

consider
illusion

is

truth

the

how

direct

Thus

know

it, and

forbids

to

extreme,
is

of
In

practical

distorted
not

disliking
exaggerated
All

value

of

or

of

ill-informed
in

we

its

in

sciously
uncon-

personality,

any

exaggeration,

future.
lack

politics

is, that

things

lies

what

Thus
of

any

proportion,

but

by

in

and

extreme

politics

with

the

living

affection
the

is another

there

examining

things

these

its

shows

and

judgment.

to

which

real

statesmanship
and

the

for

reason

with

in

problem

opinion

only

false

apprehension

we

or

their

men:

or

deal

liking

repulsion.
siasm
enthu-

of

indifference.
145

or

minds.

in

false

how

highest

weighty

most

it

forget

truth

out

present

though

matter

no

the

be

to

emphasizes
us

brings

to

legend

the

other

on

in

also

necessary

the

of

acted

caricature

is

actual

the

because

product

has

only
it

solved,

imaginary;

the

trate
illus-

singularly

they

consider

to

be

to

the

force.

and

enough

not

must

one

distortions

and

for

not

reasonable

steadily

insanities

character

to

appear

affair

provoked,

difficulty

any

whole

study

must

one

they

as

the

sees

problem

problem

any

real

VII

THE

146

Now

there

One

extremes.

is not

problem
That

the
is

was

it is the

that

the

almost

an

universal

folly in

past, especially in this country.

abandoned

people

of

all of

by

generation

our

official sort,

an

maintain

long

two

there.

immediate

few

midst

our

already studied:
falsehood, of pretending

extreme

now

in

race

have

we

folly of

extreme

great politicalproblem

Jewish

the

presented by

this

in

are

JEWS

attitude

an

and

outworn

save

will

these

and

It
a

not

already

ridiculous.
the

But

is,in

our

it has

is

and

hatred.
have

other

be studied.

to

It

society,quite a recent phenomenon, though

gained very great strength in recent
years
is
the
It
of
extreme
increasing alarmingly.
It is the extreme
manifested
by those who

but

Jewish

and

race,

It

solution.

It

already

themselves

motive

that

two

be

to

the

is

the

other

extreme,

here

extreme

peace

political
antagonism.

reasoned
but

sort

of

triumph.
deal with
who
desires
to
Every one
politicalmatter
practically,that is, to
more
policy, will be much
permanent
with

no

believe

its adherents

of

eve

for its

desire

there
; no

and

the

towards

mere

nothing

strong,
on

races

relies upon
very

action

that

implies
the

possiblebetween

their

in

motive

one

elimination.

It is

remains

extreme

examined

than

blundering
this

grave

establish

concerned
with

the

ignores the problem altogether.

is flourishing;
For this new
hatred
of active
extreme
that other, older extreme
longer functions.
no
The
future
will have
to
deal, in practical
near
politics,not only with the problem presented by
the

Jews

(what

will

as

which

an

alien

probably

within

power
prove

more

the

State, but

difficult

matter)

ANTI-SEMITE

THE
the

with

hater

of

rapidly achieving, power

old as the problem ;
as
it

But
"

and

waxes

Anti-Semite"

ludicrous

would

It is

in form.

partly a

origin and

it to

expect

Its

partly of

falsely pedantic as
of
exasperated mood

which

it is

as

it is

academic

German

would

one

as

of

name

derivation

name,
newspaper
such an
be from

old.

years

modern

in

and

type is

The

thousand

it is two

ridiculous

as

claiming,

side.

his

on

wanes.

is

is

who

Jew,

the

147

vulgar as
origin,and

also

expect, but

the

label

one

is very

real.
"

vulgar and
pedantic : that I think will be universally admitted.
The
It is also nonsensical.
antagonism to the Jews
Semitic
has nothing to do with
supposed
any
which
than
race
probably does not exist any more
modern
other
do many
hypothetical abstractions,
and
into the matter.
which, anyhow, does not come
I

the

say

word

Anti-Semite"

is

"

"

"

Anti-Semite

The

Arabs
who

hates

are

be

of

(or

important
The

and

what

when)
of

they

In

themselves.

His
in

hatred

our

all the

first

motive

He

is

man

other'

the
to

it has

because

word

essential

more

it

whom

of their

applies
would

action

freely; and, most

they are a sign.
marked
man
by two main
place he hates the Jews in
act

is not

society.

of concealment,

and

could

is
the

those

result

all, of what

characters.

to

on

go

the

Anti-Semite

presence

accept the

discovering how

moved,
if

the modern

hates

Carthaginians.

must

we

currency,

matter

who

man

Jews.

However,
become

ancient

the

or

is not

His

hatred

motive

of
is not

their
the

falsehood, hypocrisy, corruption

incidental

evils

of that

false

position. These
things, indeed, irritate him, but
His leading motive
they are not his leading motive.

THE

148

is

hatred

reaction

when

nation

if there

then

be

But

the Jews.
the

when

detest

wherever

when

Anti-Semite

finding
it

the

action

of any

odium

for

talents

in

the

distorted
When

for

be
the

The

and
an

their

will

evidences

all.

us

work

tasteful
dis-

exactly

will confuse

with

his

general
hardly admit
high

if he

admits

expression

is made

The

of art;

remains

Jew

would

it becomes

Jew

feelingin

The
to

peril.

get rid of

Jew, and

work

or

of

to

Anti-Semite

He

unsavoury.
accusation

as

him.

particular

in

wants

instance,

to

race.

see

Jew

abuse

declines.

index

an

it

to

power

familiar

his adversaries,

always

even

power

instinctive

an

found

though

before.

was

is

who

are

author

him

to

what

its

have

that

and

the

he

admires,

of it

they begin

as

man

of mind

state

detests

He

him

of such

will

is

Jews

is filled with

He

matter.

on

and

universal

Anti-Semite

The

hater

position no accidents
financial corruption.
The

It dwindles
power.
it is always the same

that

of the

to its

rapidly

almost

becomes

hater

despised, insignificant,

are

will remain

he

attached

type increases

he

he will remain

they

falsehood

of secrecy,

this

exercised

is in intense

perceives
his society. The
especially
power

in

power

But

neglected, and

and

much

so

exasperates him.
Jewish

people. He
thing which

this alien

it has

in which

way

Jewish

of the

against
acquired

have

to

JEWS

against

them

he

something
a

Jew

he

than
judicial attitude any more
denies
could that other extremist, the humbug
who
the Jewish
problem altogether. Just as that other
now
passing out of our lives,would not admit
person,
the most
to be guilty under
a Jew
glaring evidence
and
admit
to
was
particularly unable
guilt in a
Jew
who
might be wealthy ; just as he proclaimed
cannot

adopt

the

the

Jews

as

THE

ANTI-SEMITE

whole

impeccable,

Semite
his

when
so

does

he has

he

to

consider

does

he

deal

with

when

case,

He

he

contrast

would

of

nature

things

rising and

not

examine

the

against Dreyfus,

against

in

that

him

were

of

type

new

and

they

fact

would

after

the

chief

that

the

In

errors.

Jewish,

are

instance, in

number

of

knaves.

or

such

into

one

of
must

is the

with

As

rapidly

case

obscures

innumerable

our

scandals),a Jew
be the prime mover

always
and

the

bad

some

the

other

general

most

of

name

every

him.

Every

of doubtful
behind

work

and

it;
non-

(as, for

Parliamentary

for this sort

the evil

every

that
He

man.

partners, Jewish

in

engaged

that

convinced

to
originat once
financial
operation, especially if it be
Jew
morality, must
certainly have
a

wherever

mind

was

country
suggests a Jew

re-

been

exist, let alone

Jews

the

to

had

his

but

to

refused

witness

this

German

spirators.
con-

then

listen

Dreyfus' favour,

powerful, poisons life for

by his lop-sided enthusiasm

ridiculous

wicked

not

are

is led

all the diverse

extremist,

guilty of forgery, made

up
Dreyfus was
necessarily guilty and
that all his supporters
were
dupes
mere

still strong.

was

found

The

Dreyfus

his race.
help it, mention
and
in the
must
Dreyfus was

be innocent

case

charge

any

in the

seen

evidence

yet master,

strong evidence

in the

race

could

testified
The

the

that

was

who

men

at

not, if he

knew

Jewish

well

of

this judice
preJew, and

wealthy

Anti-

presumption

type of extremist

look

not

the

pretty well

of

very

old

the

would

All he

was

does

so

exaggerate

whole

the

lump as probably guilty

brought against it.
The

with

Jew

approach every
probable guilt,so

149

genius

of person
of the whole.

mania, this mania

vision

of

its victim.

THE

150

His

JEWS

lose

prejudicessoon

proportion altogether. He
in everything and
the Jew
to see
comes
everywhere,
and
to
he
accept confidently propositions which
would
himself
he give
to be contradictory, could
see
moment's
a
quiet thought to the matter.
I

Thus

have

heard

all sides

on

in

last

the

few

strange assertions

these

proceeding from the

with
same
yet obviously incompatible one
source,
the other : That
modern
Jewish
in
scepticism was
its origin; that
modern
modern
superstition,our
and
crystal gazing and all the rest of
necromancy
in its origin ; that the evils of demoJewish
cracy
it,was
all Jewish
in their
are
origin ; that the evil
in Prussia, for instance,
of tyrannical government,
in its origin ; that the
Jewish
was
perversions
pagan
in their origin ; that
of bad modern
Jewish
art were
the puerility of bad
church
furniture
due
to
was
War
Jewish
dealers ; that the Great
the product
was
firms ; that
the anti- patriotic
of Jewish
armament
the allied armies
from
appeals which weakened
came
years

Jewish

sources

there

and

"

so

It is indeed

on.

that

true

and
quality in all these diverse
Jew
mixes
in them;
a
contradictory things where
just as there is a Scotch, or French, or English
Scot, a Frenchman,
quality when
a
or
an
man
Englishis the agent.
the whole
But
to ascribe
boiling
him the conscious
to the Jew, and
to make
origin of
is

all, is

The

Jewish

contradiction

in

Anti-Semite

subject

that

unless

he

he

is

at last

delusion, for delusion

In

of

sense,

preoccupation

to

with

some

so

interest

in

matter,

any

association

his

in

absorbed

with

his

it is.

of course,

compliment

man

looses
it

give

can

terms.

the
them

this

state

Jewish

be

nation.
not

is

of mind

amicable

If

sort

such

it is at

ANTI-SEMITE

THE

those

least intense, and

well

may
the

world.

consoling

Jew

who

for

against
proof of

and

forestall

awaits

such

much

of

us

is
the

"

who

we

attack.
more

numerous

powerful than might

reading of the daily press ;

much
very
the
from

in

importance
phenomenon

attack, and

prevent

is very

Anti-Semite

their

of either

future

the

it is directed

whom

the

aspect of

nervously

now

to

The
and

as

that

But

not

desire

it

regard

151

more

gined
ima-

be

for the

the convention
part, under
press is still,for the most
of ignoring the Jewish
problem and under the terror

of the

financial

discussion
to

be

which

His

universal

of it.

of in the

read

great

in the

and
of it

results

might follow
activity is

newspapers

practice of daily

not

in

but

from

life

yet
versation
con-

hear

we

everywhere.

modern
feature
a
digress upon
which
applies to all politicalproblems and therefore
others.
to this Jewish
The
problem among
great
time
of our
have
movements
never
originated in the
of the great cities.
They rise and store up
press
their energies in politicalcliques,in popular gatherings,
and
long before they appear
spoken rumours
for the spreading of news.
in this main
instrument
And

here

I may

is because

That

by
discussion

the
few

very

of

of

as

the

private

fortunes
from

they

will

never

whose

men,

their

to

rule, educated

with

great cities is

our

object

public affairs, still

full information

piling up

of

press

forced

upon

them.

energy

in

getting

On
up

are

men

the
not,

particularly concerned
standing
State, nor
capable of underwhat

past
up

these

of

nor

of the

take

As

the

giving

fellow- citizens, but

fortune.
men,

the

less the

is not

trolled
con-

great

the

false

the

future

movement

may

until it is

contrary, they will

excitement

be,

upon

waste

insig-

THE

152

nificant

where

matters

using

their

their

own

JEWS
feel safe, and

they

instruments

for

the

advertisement

insignificant lives.

modern

of

press
from

greatly

the

In

of

press
owned

all

cities

great

our

in

even

this, the

differs

lifetime

of

very
It

ago.

educated

but
it
always
by
men,
conducted
who
was
by highly educated
were
men,
It therefore
concerned
itself
given a free hand.
with
problems of real importance and it debated
of opinion
either side real contrasts
those
upon
upon
not

was

This

matters.

these
to

things

express

it

it,let it

in

upon
tell the

the

out

when

truth

it reaches

On

but

real emotion

forced
not

of
press
preciselybecause

modern

if the

contrary,

thing
"

it will

talk

of it at

push it (once it
all)in the most

last

pitch

of

have

that

seen

and

years,

hounding
lent

has

of

exercise
be

made

restraint.

exciting

an

its mind

up
form

extreme

when

so

and

to

the

to

violence.

expressions
ten

has

it would

as

growing,

stunt"

is

emotion

Just

was

of

none

reluctant

so

the

flood.

one,

We

it is

does, when

it will not

extreme

an

does

ours

plainly enough in the monstrous

foreign policy during the last

of

have

we

individuals

it in

seen

to

abominable

the

which

that

same

press

itself.

Now

in the

increase

in

of Anti-Semitic

feelingwe shall
have, I think, exactly the same
peated.
rephenomenon
That
feelingis now
ubiquitous. It is spreading
with
the
increase
an
alarming rapidity, and
of its intensity is even
than
the
remarkable
more
or

later

give
may

"

matter

the

and

numbers

of

fairly soon

it voice.
be

When

certain, in

passionate, the

most

imagine

it does, it will
the

Sooner

its adherents.

most

irrational

"

the

give

extreme,
form

press

it

will

voice, we
the

and

most

when

ANTI-SEMITE

THE

happens, in
wild" God
help
that

passion is already

field where

its victims

153

so

passion, largely based though

method
it is on
imaginary things, has adopted one
of action
of action highly practical. It is a method
with
productive of
reality, and
closely in touch
ments.
its compiling of docuI mean
results.
formidable
here
It has
noted, all over
Europe and
Anti-Semitic

The

continues

exactitude, and

with

America,

record, everything which

to

put

upon

be said to the detriment

can

of its victims.
It discovered

its

at

against it,the

Jewish

in

using

of the

Jews

origin,presented
a

for of all defences

shown,

Anti-Semites

The

down.

folly
better

never

was

weapon
it is the

barrier

The

of secrecy.

weapon

such

as

easiest

countered

at

break

to
once

by

tion,
making every inquiry, by collectingtheir informaby finding out and exposing the true names
the mask
under
of false ones,
hidden
by detecting
who
and registeringthe relationshipsbetween
men
of the other ; it ferreted
pretended ignorance one
finance
all through the ramifications
of anonymous
behind
the
and
invariably caught the Jew who was

great industrial
was

behind

Jew

who

the

who

when

given

there

and

will be

such

no

answer

greatest mistake

the

Anti-Semite

has

now

attained

unpractical and
cannot

such

metal

such

who

Jew

monopoly,
a

such

news

the

agency,

politician.
library of exposure
spreads daily,
opportunity for general publication

the

It is the

such

financed

formidable

and

and

behind

was

Jew

That

is

such

the

schemes,

insurance

construct

and

to

in the

it.
world

regard
in the vast
numerical
strength he
all over
civilization as wholly
our
who
therefore
negligible,as a man
a

formidable

plan

to

of action

simply

THE

154

lie has

because
movement

JEWS

lost his

the

growing

was

of values.

sense

method

While
of

the
it

meeting

It was
a false method.
always that of ridicule.
and
is based
The strength of Anti-Semitism
not
was
only on intensity of feeling,but also on industry,
in its methods.
The
accurate
an
industry very
was

Anti-Semitic
which

the

pamphlets,
great daily press

and
newspapers
is so careful to

books,

boycott,

the whole
of information
a
mass
by now
upon
Jewish
problem which is already overwhelming and
all of it hostile to the Jews.
still mounting up : and
form

will

You
the

it, of

Brief, but

Defendant's
it is

in

find

not

astonishing

material
for
any
dossier
cution
for the Prose-

course,
as

in extent

and

accuracy

and

correlation.
it is to

Now
that

in

as

can

with

ready

indeed,

no

The

at
now

Moreover,

the

citation

denied,

shall

this

reliance

be

and
on

and
the
very
a

granted

of

citation

exact

when

first moment

connection
tion
documenta-

by

chapter

method,

other
such

in this

is influenced

special manner.
things with

demonstrable

is

remembered

mind

human

the

be

the

verse

of
vinces
con-

Anti-Semite

large scale
general licity,
pubto

Jew

it.

upon
omits

the

futilityof the Anti-Semitic

one
propaganda
The
Anti- Semitic
important feature.
very
group
is built
of men
differinggreatly in experience, in
up
it is built
of strata
judgment and policy. And
up
It
differinggreatly in the intensity of their hatred.
includes
with
administrative
a
man
ence,
experimany
of great business
capacity, of
a
man
many
in
It
affairs.
cludes
inacquired fortune, of talent
with a thorough knowledge of European
men

ANTI-SEMITE

THE

155

(in great numbers) with

diplomacy ; it includes men
the literary gift of expression for persuading their
Not
fellows.
only is this true, but, as I have said,
it includes
which, because
they
right wing
a large
"

"

are

expression than
who
a
greater weight ; men
by their hatred, though hatred

exercise
blinded

chief

their
for

organizing

divides

the

Anti-Semite

the

those

whose

whose
Jewish

there

are

very

who

Jews

to

who
It is

problem.

is peace
from
It is the line

line

that

"

is,among

and
is to suppress
the extreme
of their

than

more

many

created

should

line which

antagonism.
object is action, against the
But
object is a settlement.

determination

now

all

become

of those

rest

motive

side of that

influence

enthusiasts
The

whose

Anti-Semitic

the

those

those

and

Jew,

whose

at

capacity
carrying it

definite

the

whose

has

for

and

Jewish

the

not

are

full

is

motive

those

dividing

is

from

attempting to solve
line dividing those

are

"

of action
there

that

retain

who

men

plan

It is true

out.

on

motive;

rest, will

the

in

restrained

more

the

further

the

nate
elimipower

original

movement.

that

remember

to-day
outside their own
one
community is potentially
every
Anti-Semite.
Not
an
perhaps not even
one,
every
yet a majority, at least in the directingand wealthier
classes,is other than friendly or indifferent to the
Jews, but

there

has

grown

up

in

every

one

not

Jew

It
something of reaction against the Jewish power.
the
to
requires but an accident
change this from
latent and
to an
slightthing it is in most
men
angry
that
the
noticed
most
passion. I have
among
violent
of Anti-Semites
had
those
who
are
passed
considerable
some
portion of their early manhood
in ignorance of the whole
These
problem.
come
across

Jew

unexpectedly

in

some

relation

hostile

JEWS

THE

156

them

to

-they lose
operation,

"

financial

they

or

time, in middle

age,

with

element

find

Jews

common

mixed

when

The

dupe,
dangerous,

It

the

been

has

When

they

It is still

the

men,

when

which
it does

was

can

of
the

ridiculed
and

the

of the

fashions

But

We
talk

as

by saying,

fashion
when

they

themselves

name.

by
they

even

it

successful

are

of

success

from

moment

and

corner

fashion

Semitic

Anti-

matter

no

flavour

some

that

the

(doubtfully) the

from

remarks

nothing,

gory
cate-

fad

fashion.

excuse

duped,

they begin they are

feared
to be
they come

grow
of those

boycotted ; but
be
justly said that
may
they turn the
begins when

problem,

been

at the trickery.
angry
with
Anti-Semitism
as

grow
will be

and

hear

remain

Jew, yet who, when

is, feel they have
power

and

and

As

ridiculed.

become

their

considerable

suffered

of the

all movements.

with

and

has

he

even

Jewish

played with,

been

is

have

hand

what

discover

they

or

on

become

discovers

there

who

at the

accident,

attack

first

theirs

of

action,

some

they

he

and

those

of

the

Anti-Semites.

unrepentant
is

Jewish

in

for

misfortunes

of

up

Jewish

some

connect,

several

thenceforward

country:

through

money

us

"

and

of

few

still attaches

support
in

old

faddists

To-day

State

the

the
new

flood.

when

time

State

who

and

to

growing thing,

the

remember
the

For

Anti-Semite."

no

am

change rapidly

despised.

practice of

still

or

old ridicule

nationalization,
talk

self
one-

You

movement.

arrive, arrives

all of

separate

speak upon the Jewish

with
what
hostilityto the Jew,
at the beginning of their
a rule
write

in to

comes

to

were

Socialist

the

talk,

everywhere

it is the

control, State

fashion

support,

ANTI-SEMITE

THE

those
the

who

it who

oppose

faddists

the

now

are

it is

that

action, is such

State

universalityof

the

157

and

cranks.

We

all of

can

United

States,

fashion

small

driving

forces

the

rest.

arising from
bitter

most

subjection,

national

talk of his

you

that

Jews

old

or

modern

The

the

to

fallen

the

though these were

prosperity,
larger proportion

form

German

forces

section

will

another

Jews

loss,

and
of

the

State

For

opponents

tunes
misfor-

Jews,
man
Ger-

former

found

were

of the

the
that

man

the

of the

are

that

for the

them

among

Jews

one

blame

twenty

you

by telling

that

of the

architects

whom

to

answer

authorities

war,

the

Reich."

of the

example

the

and

financial

of

to-day

body

military

following

other
any
is but one

Anti-Semitic

the

memories

in the

rats

the

the

great disaster

the

upon

are

dishonour.

any

it is due

"

blames

than

individual

may

preying

the

what

know

we

strongest racial instincts

the

instance,

For

indeed

day when
England were

acting upon
of women's
suffrage,of prohibition
forces
personal, intimate
They are

old hobbies

these

in

towards

men

far stronger

are

camp

seen

there!

happened

The

the

suffrage

of faddists

group

have

We

vengeance.

remember

us

women's

of

supporters

faddist, and

that.

at

with

up

all of

can

very

him

catch

We

and

faddist

unpopular

very

has

prohibitionistwas

the

in

day when,

the

remember

us

than

war

in

subjects. That
will find it repeated in one
other polity of the
every

Emperor's

you

in almost

world.
Anti-Semite

figure.

It

is

moment

to

think

has

great
his

and

become

strong

dangerous

policy is

futile.

political
at

error

It is

this

policy

of action, and

There

policy which

execution

to

before

used

be

to

affairs upon
the
of Continental

question
this
answer

could

He
Jews

for

those

they

those

defined

he

he
do

of that

attack.

With

destroy.

In much

begin

with

wealth

and

confiscation.

of Jewish
them.

wealthy
men,

over

could

make

not

law

impossible to
possible,
were

be

that

know

now

elsewhere.

he

do

can

force

him

behind

of this destruction

thing.
some-

he

persecute,

can

sufficient

can

he

he would

can

have,

of

could

weapon

for

origins where
could

He

with

by mixing

The

we

He

as

law

received

be

the

countries,
feeling and in most
could
him.
He
public opinion behind
of Jewish
a
widespread examination
its origins and
an
equally widespread

of

mass

do

segregate

if that

even

implied
nothing.

The

would

could

not

state

present

the

"

could

that

escape
He

Anti-Semite

The

do

in

power

I say,
implication was,
nothing; he was
supposed, in the
his futility.
question, to admit

do

Unfortunately

in

that

which

law

would

could

presence

in

unlimited

you

secondly,

could

that

most

for, first,it would

exiling them;
them

the

had

you

question
of public
prominent
day. The

observer

to

I have

"

Anti-Semite

the

them.

define

and
ago
famous
a

"

plan

from

proceed

reasonable

If

could

around

What

"

make

not

approval

would

that

was

years

Anti-Semites

what

matter,

quoted

Continent,

this

was

know

may
it.

we

myself quoted it with

put by a close and

He

JEWS

THE

158

men,

the

do

but,
whole

introduce

of the Jews.

use

the

of such

dread

the

compelling
a

this not

through

divulgence

desired

man

only
the

field of the

Jewish

registrationand
Inspired as he

conceal

to

in the
terror

fiscation
con-

of the

case

wealthy
community.

with

would

of

it

be

gation
segre-

by

no

ANTI-SEMITE

THE

159

agreeable to them, but

agreeable to himself,he could
solelyfor a settlement
aim
harsh
at that
settlement, and even
though he
his goal, it is not
reach
might not
pleasant to
envisage what he might do on his way to it.
fail to acquire
But
even
though the Anti-Semite
for

desire

full

settlement

remain

there

power,

attached

his

to

great

intensity of feeling the

is the
of the
What
prime questions,
meaning
Why is it spreading ?
thing ?
Why has it arisen ?
the forces nourishing it ?
What
are
who
the main
those
These
are
questions which
of such
a
passion in the body
regret the presence
in

increase

and

numbers

"

"

which
politic,

to avoid

are

it,would

who

like the

who,

those

those

alarmed

are

Jews

themselves, must,

catastrophe, defend

do well

yet sufficient

to

time

themselves

There

answer.

to

it,which

about

has

they
against
been

as

questions fully
in its entirety,

those

answer

not

if

appreciate this great reaction

but
we
can
already judge it in part. The Antiis essentiallya reaction
Semitic
movement
against
the abnormal
and
the new
growth in Jewish
power,
is largelydue to the Jews
strength of Anti-Semitism
or

to

themselves.
this

When

form,
next

first in

as

the

which

to

erroneous,

hiding, at

once

novelty

on

in its modern

arose

spreading to France,
rapidly growing, in England,
confined
to small cliques. The

it enunciated

policy of

thesis

in the

and

false values

universal
of my
less

novel

re-

then

Germany,
appearing, and now
it was

truths

enthusiasm

angry

were

which

then

it also

as

unfamiliar

reposed.

That

against which it is part

the
policy natural but none
a
argue,
the policy of secrecy,
the policy of
absurd
took advantage of what
was
the

Jews

of Anti-Semitism.

The

Jew, in spite

JEWS

THE

160

his

of

and
active
age-long experience of menace
this
hostility,in spite of his knowledge of what
of spirithad effected
in the past, did not come
sort
into the open.
did not
He
out
act against the new
with
attack
indignation, still less with open
open

argument,

make

something

the

which

matter

consider

moment

"

word

ill-advised.

It

Anti-Semite,

but

irrational

quite

fatal), it

He

beginnings,
all his

used

"

for

subject

mere

should

man

dozen
The

the
used

years

though

went

on,

less that

what

to

twenty

method
time

as

was

and

has

policy

less
not
was

only to ridicule
quite illegitimate,
the long run
to be

not

was

in

all discussion

prevent

question, though that question was

day in practicalimportance and
every

It

vours
endea-

label for

Jewish

of the
ing
increas-

ing
clamour-

decided.

be

to

in the

seriously.

(and bound
used

was

took

He

reasonable

no

something between
this policy was
successful.
less firmly established
and
None
yet quite failed.
the

its

at

Anti-Semitic

For

very

done.

hopelessly ridiculous,

laughter,a
for

have

absurdity,
general public.

of the
to

should

of its

advantage
eyes

he

as

the

instinctive

of the
policy with the mass
Jewish
nation, a deliberate
of its
policy with most
ridicule against Anti-Semitism
leaders, not only to use
was

but
of the

to

label

Jewish

information
used

to

even

with

conventional
harmless

and

If

financial

problem
on

Anti-Semitic
at

the

man

power

"

any

Jewish

problem.

through ridicule, any

race
regard to the Jewish
few
compliments
or
a
jests.

alluded
in

any

to

discussion

all,or, for that matter,

prevent,

fact

any

"

as

the

region

"

any

It

was

of

statement
save

few

conventional

of a Jewish
presence
for instance, in India

ANTI-SEMITE

THE
"he

was

himself

interested

If he

Anti-Semite.

an

161

of Jewish
philosophical
peculiar character
matters
discussions,
concerning
especially in
If the emigrations
Anti- Semite.
he was
an
religion,
the

in

Jewish

of the

invasion

modern

vast

instance
like

(which

army
historian, he

called

financial
was

swindler

who

Anti-Semite.

Jew, he

the

name

the

defence

If

no

him

as

an

be

The

Jew,

he

of Parliamentari

group

Jews, he
call

than

more

of

pain
exposed

he

the

from

money

Anti-Semite.

an

controlled

it under

happened to
If he exposed a

If he did

was

of

Anti-Semite.

an

taking
an

speak

not

Anti-Semite.

an

United

the

been

the

could

of

country, the
States, for

to

country

organized and
march), interested

has

on

an

being

from

masses

was

Jew

laughter which
foolishlyused

most
provoke was
definitive than
to support nothing nobler
or
more
this wretched
policy of concealment.
Anyone with
judgment could have told the Jews, had the Jews
cared
such
that their pusillanito consult
an
mous
one,
It was
fail.
bound
but
to
policy was
a
of the evil day.
postponement
interest
with
You
cannot
hatred,
long confuse
the statement
of plain and
important truths with
mania, the discussion of fundamental
questions with
that you
sillyenthusiasm, for the same
not
canreason
Sooner
long confuse truth with falsehood.
or
later people are bound
that the defendant
to remark
all investigation
to avoid
seems
curiously anxious
of his case.
The moment
that is generally observed,

say

used

it

from
over

is

was

undertaken

to

the

on
a

by

fatal

mass

As

to

policy ;

the Jews

its results.

Europe

way

and
a

of

failure.
but

it

they

was

are

consequence

plain men

deliberately
suffering
now
you

who

so

have

all

far from
M

being scared
by this false
to thrash

are

in the

that

proper
all this

consequences.

and

Semite

who
It

to

frank

interest

ridicule.

the

get it settled

upon

great harm

no

false

the

worse

had

already
cussion
politicaldisundeserved

of determined
up a world
sition
oppoIt is not
exactly that the Anti-

winning. Whereas,
the tide against him,

or

but

he

is

has
years

his chance
ago,

its

turn.

he

the

through

now,

at

yet certainly

as

now

few

some

he

is

even

themselves,

himself

who

tolerate

not

much

and

would

of

Jews

failed,

policy had

in

heaped

in itself.

would
loyal discussion
and
nately
boycott. Unfortu-

and

already won
to winning,

his way

finds

ever

themselves

Jews.

has

the

than

hushing up
false policy had
other
It exasperated men

the

to

to

problem

final lines.

perhaps be
that
merely mean

succeed

of

and

open

Jewish

determined

more

would

It would

begun

discussing the

ridicule

and

That

and

off from

it out

rational

on

JEWS

THE

162

He

had
fault
now

wing, it is true, but

attached
to
is already
a
large body which
very
strongly biassed
against the Jews, dislikes their
is determined
to act against
us, and
presence
among
them, not only where
they still have great power,
but
also where
that power
is visibly declining, and
where
even
they are in danger.
It must
be forgotten, as we
not
this growsurvey
ing
that
which
reaches
a
policy
no
finality
menace,
is not

on

that

that
in

the

on

extreme

an

futile.

account

in the

minds

minds
of

of

many

It must
men

not

be

gotten
for-

(one might

during periods of
excitement,
a
policy of repression, though always
still be continuous:
failingto reach finality,may
it may
habit
become
and
endure
a
indefinitely
may
in the vast suffering of its victims.
The
Jews
have
say

most

men)

ANTI-SEMITE

THE
that

seen

their

than

continued

of
and

nationality other

small

They have
repression acting

atmosphere of
usually in the long

in

an

has

rebellion

that

doubt,

no

seen,

own.

continuous

equally
run

in many

happen

163

that
nance
admit
the maintethey must
of such repression,with all its accompaniments
and
moral
physical torture, confiscation, exile
all the rest, has often been
policy long drawn
a

failed, but

It

out.

been

drawn

It is not

true

has

centuries.

in

out

for

cases

some

that, because

policy does

not
complete settlement, therefore it canIt can.
and vigorously pursued.
be undertaken
and
Time
again a hostile force has attempted to
ate
eliminate
contrast, and to eliminopposition,or even
itself.
it by every
instrument, includingmassacre
Sometimes,
Usually
rarely,it has succeeded.
very
failed.
in the
it has, in the long run,
But
great
continued
it has at any
rate
long
majority of cases
is the danger
That
after its failure was
apparent.
I
have
which
from
the
phenomenon
menaces
in
It would
examined
in this chapter.
be madness
the Jews
It is now
to neglect that phenomenon.
so
intensity of conviction, and
strong in numbers,
immediate
their
whole
passion that it menaces

aim

not

at

in

future
have
sudden
we

to

to

seen

be

to

this, which

events

ance

civilization.

our

Its

ultimate

we

causes

of its
the cause
explored. Its immediate
cause,
development and present startlinggrowth,

have

third

next

chapter,
leading

I have

where

already
I

to the
up
turn, in order to make

of Jewish
their

Bolshevism

present

action

Jewish

the

crisis.

in Russia,

touched

sketched

upon

the

more

that

detailed

has

my

of

sequence

present situation,
a

in

and

will

examina-

brought things

BOLSHEVISM

VIII

CHAPTER

BOLSHEVISM

think

history

shall

which

date

towards

nations
which

we

but

tend

conflict

with

It

as

as

is

the

the

for

of

Western
in

secrecy,

various

such

less
cease-

it.

examination,
of

study
the

field

the

into

special

very

turning-point

all

around

society

from

of

effect

Israel

bring

the

only

not

analyse

can

to

of

evil

the

opportunity

an

and

Jews,

therefore,

merits,

both

the

we

which

forces

new

in

appear

departure

attitude

the

which

in

of

point

study

can

one

the

as

will

which

explosion,

Bolshevist

THE

first

ject
sub-

our

in

moment

history.
did

Why
to

transform

which

it

chosen

view?
achieve

to

extend

those

their

questions

the

almost

peculiar
The
the

always

What

shall

fatal
nation

answers

avowed

inadequate

those

given

enemies

of
often
167

actors

conflict

to

the

in

hope

propose
answer

can

discovering
this

between

whom
to

they

they

far

among

usually

and

the

we

gone

of

causes

and

When

have

particular

do

methods

that

did

success

method

influence
we

had

attempt

the

use

was

aim

of
what

By

Why

it

did

Why

measure

thus

organization

used

What

to

by

society
know

we

venue

Jewish

these

they

questions

Jewish

false.

move.

race

When

are

they

THE

168

contain
that

element

an

is

truth

mortal

poor

Thus

the

of

upheaval

was

centuries

old, the

of

part

and

tion
revoluin

way

the

Jew

which

that

he

nor

he
any

exercise.

believe

to

Russian

neither

ever

can

asked

are

we

the

which

powers

for the full

of falsehood

misunderstands

European so
imputes to him

do)

thing inexplicable"

explanations of
good specimens

very

often

they

to account

whole

the

render

the

other

(which

accretions

the

But

these

are

truth

of

quite insufficient

phenomena.
exaggeration
indeed,

JEWS

this

that

political
highly-organized plot

one

which

of

agents

millions

were

pledged to the destruction

of our
acting in complete discipline
wise !
The
under
leaders superhumanly
a few
thing
the face of it.
Men
have no capacity
is nonsense
on
for acting in this fashion.
They are far too limited,
of

human

far

beings
society and

all

diverse.

too

completely lacking.
object is
why, if your

is

motive

the

Moreover,

Why
merely destroy and
merely to destroy, manifest
in

aims

your

One

such

justly that
reaction
against

always a tendency
in
surroundings, and

so

far

intense

it

is

effective

and

surroundings.
in

reaction
all other
and

the

alien

of

the

water,

more
any
which

than

led

out

the

main

was

those

that

such

the

in

of

case

unconscious

enough ; but the

age-long plot, culminating

Russian

affair, will

will the

corresponding

to

men

believe

the

mere

outward

not

in

hold

nation
halluci-

the

that

(a thing utterly different

Russian)

is

of

destructive

as

alien

reaction

that

Jews,

there

is true

that

vast

contemporary

revolution
the

All

as

point

is in

bodies,

to

may
of the

case

instinctive.

conception
in

One

differences

say

may

is

wide

kind

French

from

expression

BOLSHEVISM

169

enthusiasts)

the

to

secret

Anti-Semitic

of The

agency

the

of

case,

of the

course,

"

read

"

2,000

Bolshevist

monarchy.
anarchy

serious

More

for

of Jews

society

was

statement

the

destruction
racial

of

result:

for

and

"600"

this combination

that

is the

act

an

final

the

is all smoke.

It

years.

of

centuries,

is given to
longer range
read
"Jews,"
"Templars"

for

Order

six

still

case

put down

was

Templars acting unweariedly through

the French
and
finally bringing down
In

the

In

body.
strictlydisciplined secret
Kevolution
of the French
everything
of
forerunners
to-day's
(by the
of

of the

old

Kussian

There

revenge.

is

in that.
is no
doubt
There
of truth
great element
who
took
that
the greater part of the Jews
over
in

power

cities four

Russian

the

felt

ago

years

an

State
against the old Russian
appetite for revenge
comparable to that felt by any oppressed people
more
Probably it was
against their oppressors.
intense
be

than

even

all

are

witnesses

the

to

people, religion, and

and
particularly the
person
Russian

the

which

and
the

We

quoted.

Emperor

"

and

attacked

were

could

that

example

other

any

decried

in

way
ment,
govern-

of

office

the

by

in which
the
Europe, of the way
Jews
ceaselessly conspired against the Russian
brutal
of the
State, and
they
repression to which
release a force of hatred
were
subject. When
you
violent it may
to any
length. That sudden
run
so
sudden
release, that
opportunity for satisfying
the thirst for vengeance,
must
explain a very large

in Western

Jews

part of what
account

and

massacre

for

for the

the

followed.
whole.

"

rather

that

even

It would

chaos.

mere

attempts

But

It

account

would

not

does
for

not
mere

account

pitiful attempts

"

at

THE

170

JEWS

construction

and

for the

of direction

which

has

the

since

continued

fully manifest

nearly

after

the

on

assumed

first

Jews

obviously designed system

Still less is it sufficient

to

of that

that

say

is still

and

power

five years

lines

same

power.

the

is

Jew

organizer and leader of revolution

in Eussia
that
with
and
only see him at work
we
the opporgreater vigour and thoroughness because
tunity
the

everywhere

is there
The
is

Jew

greater.

is not

discontented

everywhere

him

is natural

that

exercise

not

towards
order

everywhere
and

revolutionary.
with
a
society alien
a

inevitable.

he

But

He
to

does

his power

invariably, or even
ordinarily,
the
established
social
oversetting of an
often
incidentally, he
by which,
largely

benefits.
You

do

the

make

mass

conditions
benefited
often

the

history perpetually

revolts

which

citizens

against the privileged or

the
has
minority. He

of

these

by

in

Jew

innumerable

the

leading

find

not

suffered.

We
with

often

find

superior

sometimes

the

in

movements

the

in

past;

individual

more

Jews

the

revolutionary side, but

also
find many
individual
Jews
we
sympathizing
with the other.
Jew
is not, in the
The
history
of Europe, the prime agent of revolution
quite
:

sympathizing

the

contrary.

successful
our

Rome

to

in

Ireland,

or

whatever

from

the

the

agrarian

French

the

appealed much
more
of
politicaltraditions
the
Jews.
They are

have

troubles

Revolution,

Chartist

modern

which

pagan

land

in
you

marked
of

the

Movement

movement

violence,

of

acts

great

unsuccessful,

and

society

The

London,

will, have

fighting instincts
than
our
race
they have
marked
everywhere by

to

the

war

and
to
an

BOLSHEVISM
towards

attitude
the

are

Eevolutions

The

distribution
of the

of

past

State.

they

Often

patriotism

in

war

and

be

betrayed.

had

the

the

undertaken

offended

Nation

better

betterment

openly

been

Usually they

distribution

for

were

the

because

for

were

and

property

because

for

the

of

characteristics.

Jews'

of the

which

patriotism

and

property

opposite

very

171

defeat

by

thought to
jingo and always
was

were

wealth.

of

revolution
of the Russian
unique mark
elsewhere
extension
that
it
of its attempted
and
repudiates patriotism and the division of property.
It is the

all others

that, it differs from

In

chance

But

Jewish.

obviously,

of action

had

why
which

in Russia

it is markedly,

and

the

they

Jews

lacked

where
else-

What

which

opportunity
whole

special characters

the

were

made

the

in the
the

Jew

Russian
of the

creator

movement?

There
in this

I take

are,

it, three

main

factors

present

effort.
peculiarly suitable to the Jewish
fell upon,
In the first place, this revolution
and was
directed
towards, a particular social phenomenon
that
in which
profound instinct in the European,
the desire for settled property, had decayed.
It fell
the

case

chief

mark

subjected

mass

of that

instincts.

But
new.

of

The

that

in

has

property

in

(or, at

any

destruction

rate, the

Russia

central
understood

never

and

doubt

Industrial

resentment

core

if he

in the

atrophying)

soul

is, undoubtedly, unable

us

He

is the

part of the European

Jew

with

sense

to it

essential
The

which

of

of
the

ship.
owner-

"

to
our

pathize
sym-

civic

European

ever

Capitalism was
keen.
against it was

win.

quite
The

THE

172

victims

the

were

been
in

mass

tenth

JEWS
of

sons

born

peasants,

Russian

the

whole

of the

peasants,

selves
them-

proletarian

though less than

peculiarly open

towns,

nation,

this

that

so

had

or

was

to

And
attack
an
against its masters.
propaganda
that
weakest
on
successfully conducted,
point of
and
modern
then
Capitalism, might easily succeed
in
centres
spread to neighbouring industrialized
westward.
and
Poland,
Germany,
so
the attack
this international
Now
on
phenomenon,
attack
directed
an
Capitalism,
against Industrial
force.
It needed
international
men
required an
who
had
international
experience and were
ready

with

international

an

There

in

forces

and

the

for

reasons

them.

in

identity

is

other

flank

of

people.
it.

attack

it

and

even.

present,

he

Of the
the

not

and

Jew,

on

the

other

on

alone
I must

international
able

"

moment,

our

the

could

Capitalism

as

never
a

property

the

Jew

was

was

not.

Church

present, therefore,

forces

digress and
will

to

act.

force, the
and

of

is free

something strange,
The

spot.

directly

hand,

sense

him

masses

upon

cannot

Further,

international

two

Jews

Here

been

will

think, comic.

was

hold

strong

it

But
The

has

precisely because
nothing to him, is to

means

will

Faith

the

attack

in

Church,

industrial
directly attack
It will undoubtedly attack
that system
indirectly destroy it in the long run

and

wherever

Church,

Catholic

the

discuss

will

Catholic

the

But

Jewry.

never

capitalism.
in

is

One

which
and

cannot

national
only two, organized interEurope to-day with a soul and
and

two,

are

formula.

say

why

whole

able
and

other

Church,

Catholic
be

the

"

to

attack

great

has

not

trial
Indus-

directly,though,

BOLSHEVISM

said, it

have

as

this

evil

remains

it

destroy

doctrine,

as

the

as

of

society
not
only

Church,

acting

but

solvent

wherever

Catholic

The

Catholic.

in its abstract

indirectly

acts

will

and

173

sion
expres-

is

civilization,
profoundly
European
the
attached
to
conception of private property.
the
It makes
family the unit of the State and it
of the family is most
perceives that the freedom
It perceives, as
the
where
family owns.
secure
do
all Europeans, instinctively or
explicitly,that
of

our

that

of

rate,

correlative

is the

property

Europeans

only

freedom,

of
the

State, of

as

distributed

widely

as

in

permanence

which

we

safeguard
is humour),
elasticityin

institutions.

perty,
Pro-

possible,but sacred
social accompaniment

as

inevitable

is an
principle,

any

it is the

that

at

or,

freedom

of

of which
spiritualhealth (the mark
and
breadth
diversity in action, of

of

Catholicism.

of

Catholic
is

this, it is also

from

Apart

doctrine

immoral.

from

the

than

he

can

the

cannot

be

Industrial
It is the
few

very

corresponding
exploit do not own.
it

remains

Capitalism
well

as

in

is

the

the

Church,

authority
communist

be

can

is

state

monstrous

their

derive

men

can

Capitalism

the

But

he

than

more

any

Now

that

say
He

of

fact

that

that

true
sense

of

feature

of

private property
that
private
say
off
cutting himself

without

Communion

definite

that

deny

Catholic

No

is immoral.
morals

to

is immoral

property

kind

have

to

care

of

an

anarchist.
of

perty.
pro-

of affairs in which

from

advantage

vast
most

men

the

whom

they

sheet-anchor

ownership

privileged few.

State

in abstract

disease

more

any
in the

in the

The

of

mass

only

as

moral

THE

174

JEWS

remaining to Industrial
Capitalism, the only
spiritualtie which
prevents its dissolution, is this
admission
that property is
by the European mind
a right
even
property in a diseased and exaggerated
force

"

form.
whole

The

operations of Industrial Capitalism

the
the
rely upon
sanctity of property and
which
the
sanctity of contract
develops from
whenever
And
sanctity of property.
society loses
this sense,
industrial
capitalism will fall into chaos.
The
Church
moral
cannot
principle.
deny that one
Its action
the
will always be towards
dissolution
of the great accumulations
promoted by capitalism.
It always will work
ment
indirectly for the establishwell- divided

of
the

by
who

of the

voice

property,

its great

of

the

But

Church

at

Communism
"

of

society
with

the

attached

with
such

short

root

and

State

or

the

tend

of

do

munism)
Comin

so

in

so

corporate property
with

corporation.

the

For

State,

of

practice.
to be a society
of co-operation,

connected

in

branch

doctrine

can

do

of

cut

call diluted

never

masses

Novarum.

it the

elements

property

has

neither

tradition

national

the

ever

XIII,

city,

without

property

is

founded.

Jew

supporting
same
thing
and

take

always

all the

college,with

well

The

his

the

corporate

never

will

Guild, with
to

the

Rerum

It

still less will it

owners:

with

never

Socialism."

and

Catholic

his

in

Capitalism
by erecting against
people
(as many
or

once,

theory,

can

defined

Leo

Pope,

Industrial

destroying
and

modern

it

explicitly states

ideal

an

and

nomad

in

that
nor

expressing
him

which

blinds

politicalinstinct in
religious doctrine

such

makes
him

to,

an

him
and

instinct.
a

The

speculator
makes

him

BOLSHEVISM

of, the

actually contemptuous
therefore

property.

When

Industrial

Capitalism,

lost the

the

evils, then
One

Jew

still

in

find

must

leader
and

can

the

when

the
the

because

with

it must

them

The

Jew

the

took

property
modified
had

He

accorded

that

"

society

it

of

in

was

action

him

when

creed.

own

for

granted.
view

institution

to

of
be

abolished.

and, if necessary,
indefinitely,
obvious
an
opportunity for
to

in

owners

economic

mere

may

competition

its

to

false

of that

be international

them

and

narrow

national
inter-

cure

general society

international

took

leader.

an

proposed
must

convert

of

is international,

if it is to succeed

countries, but

other

have

men

as

Communist

the

apart from

stand

He

succeed.

to

of

repudiation

the

disease

disease, through Communism,

if it is

of

mass

at once
appear
such
movement
a

because

more

practical denial

the

for it, and

desire

of

sense

reached, through
social disease,
other

any

possible because

is

property

or

European

have

we

which

in

of affairs

state

175

leadership
action
against

international

national
Again, our
is incomprehensible to
patriotism, which
sense,
the
Jew
false analogy
of his own
the
save
on
tribal patriotism, is a check
and
peculiar nomadic
Communism,
and, indeed, against revolution
upon
of any
in
the
kind.
of thought
The
process
the
but none
patrioticcitizen
largelyunconscious

property

demanded.

was

"

less
"

efficacious
I

and,

what

am.

has

function

cannot

nation,
I

is somewhat

"

what

authority

It
over

life in its defence

is
is my
me.

save

as

follows:

as

that

more,

creator

I must

if necessary,

citizen

made

nation
in

even

because

of

sense

give
but

my
me

and
up

so

my

for its

THE

176

existence

JEWS

those

and

like
of

freedom
happiness, my
self-expressionare all
of the

civic unit

which

appears

to

apparently will procure

involves
danger to that
the
good, regarding the
people as
strength of my
the

lesser

That,

should

patriotic
State
has

he

past

has

Jew

and

unit, I

human

traditions

good

and

which

to

of

expression
man.
European
and

the
That

many

feeling, of

same

that

nation

in

rooted

of

necessarily
different

great

What

whether

he

master

is

"

and

Smith
"

obstacle

to

all that

sort

if it is
our

to

exploited by a
again,
Why

be

England

in

matter

"

or,

sacrificed

collection

of

and

living

it has

not

his

patriotism is
has
It
complexion.
our
patriotism seems

different

it

does

soil, since

form,

connotations

his

place

one

its

for

course,

is not

negligible to him.
The
implied fallacies current
industrial
revolutionary formulae,

can,

must

he
polity to which
every
he
feels to-day
is what

for

strong, visible, external

Tom

good,
forego

the

beings, inhabiting

as

which

or

existence

greater

many

that

the

since

Israel, but

"

something

material

continued
a

If

country.

The

by

felt for

belonged;

for his

civic

existence

abstract,

me

my

the

sacrificed."

be

has

in the
ever

for

roughly, is
say
instinct
the
in

is what

in the

good

me

part.

am

My

action,

with

up

be.

not

individual

bound

of which

could

me

for

in

the

in

such

the

German

should
an

modern

phrases
working man
or
an
English
the

individual
called

abstraction

"

is the
Nationalism
again,
great
the
of humanity"
full development
and
of thing, which
feel by instinct
we
to be nonsense
by reason
necessary,
prove
or

"

case,

sounds,

in

Jewish

ears,

as

very

BOLSHEVISM

good

sense

involve

no

vividly

and

sacrificed

indeed.

For

fallacies

at

exactly.
England

for

Ireland,

or

France,

or

to

him

Again,

these

because

all

any

the

The

should

run

suffer

other

nation

abstraction

necessary

"

Jew

No

should

Jew

no

help

fellow

is

vague
Jew
individual

is the

counts

specialcase

Israel

of

upon

whimsies.

"

to

tangible.

say,

Israel,"
idea

needs

and

his

and

by trying

the

eyes
his certain

are

put

to

his

doubt;

visible

are

that

Russia,"

in

and

no

be

England,

material

be

force

for

all that

"

thing

and

him

his eyes

in

real

were

you

"

distress,"

is

"Poland"

inconvenience

any

in

these

risk

any

Jew

way

can

similar

with

Jew

the

Ireland, England,

there

if

should

obvious

"France,"
that

to

is the individual

us,

agreed

are

It is true

Jew

or

these

upon

"England,"
to

of

apply

what

especiallyhis physical

needs,
these

In

things

these

case

they

all;

Why

France,

he thinks

when

his

in

is it not

abstractions

but

are

"

terms,

177

"

especially his physical requirements ; if you

said that
of thing you
would
sort
be
offending
the most
profound instincts of Jewish patriotism and
and

in fact, clash

would,

you

action
the

the

of

Jew

Jews

would

with

the

the

throughout
that,

answer

his

as

was

to

kind,

cannot

fine idea
local

and

of

There

have

at

rate, he

any

of his like Communism

habit, called

by

us

to

that

him;

for

national
inter-

an

applying
of

were

But

our

his

different

sacrifice

our

Europeans

provincial
"

the

love

country."

our

Even

that,

covert

world.

polity, the argument

national
polity did not apply
feelings,though analogous to ours,
and

and

overt

is

those

more

truths

little effect

than

this

which
upon

we

us,

in
know

unless

the
to

they

business.
be
enter

truths
into

THE

178

practice of

the

of

truth

or

When

Russian

necessary,"
"

would

You

answer:

Man

is sound.

particular society," and

and
to recognize a truth
it in

one's

bones,

even

where

he

indifferent

when,

Therefore

Russia,

another
it

world

should

go

to

might
lay

There

the

to

Communism

the

and

behind

the

as

it is

but

and

theory
a

thing
experience

to

one

truths,

these

them,

admitting

who

part of

thing

were,

truths

are

Jew.
in

as

ideal, it seemed

in the

theirs

Jews
The

in

as

to

many

the

particular

feeling stood

national

abstract

towns,

the

to

are

forth

so

as

is

interests

my

function

only

can

well

as

quite right.

are

the

once

made

strong

there

by a
or
an
Englishman,
first duty is to my

My

sacrifice

I must

it is

when

"

them

keep

must

at

statement

him,

to

doubt,

no

are,

admit

Frenchman,

says

people; I
being and

would

who

nationalist

any

European.

There

lives.

our

Jews

of

number

JEWS

Jew
wall

the
that
in

in the

natural

most

the

order

way

of

case

of

an

thing

national

obstacle

that

ideal

his

of

triumph.
this

capture

great change in the Russian

of what

remains

of Russian

force
Committees,
a
by the Jewish
the
of social justice,
most
sense
positive. It was
evils.
the indignation against indefensible
of social
That
indignation
sense
justice, that
modern
all feel.
evils, we
against indefensible

government

There

may

be

men

among

the

wealthier

classes

Europe who are so ignorant of the past,

or
stupid,that they do honestly believe Industrial
so
and
even
perhaps
Capitalism to be an inevitable
be very
must
rare.
a
good thing. But such men
have
Not
they be rare, but they cannot
only must

of Western

any

wide

social

experience.

man

has

only got

BOLSHEVISM
live

to

cities for
that
a

the

kind

But

all these, who

a

direct

not

course,

who

try

Capitalism, either
through the system
because
they are the

by it, or
who

those

of

this

of

are,

of individuals

themselves

richer

are

There

wrong

for Industrial

benefit

the

of the

enormity

thousands

servants

with

see

great industrial

in the

poor
the

righted.

many

they

are

hired

to

arguments

because
and

be

to

but

find

to

day

has

few

life of the

the

179

in

writers
hired

are

proprietary

benefit?

so

the

capitalist press.

advocates,

advocates

or

in the

interest

of

and

"

continuance

neglected ; for they

in good faith.
not
are
They are not really arguing
that the thing is good in itself,they are
only trying
find
to
as
lawyers do for something
arguments
which
in their
and
defend
which
to
they have
hearts
is evil ; or to the evil of which
they admit
indifferent
they are
so
long as it gives them
a
disproportionate share of material
enjoyment.
of the

We

the
he

because

it
"

would
Such

honestly

is," he

society now

its evils,
its worst
it

we

whole

our

"

would

But

last

that

say,
it.

upon

the
We

essence

will

be

will

Capitalism
it is, it

as

tamper

into

with

anarchy.
of

structure

palliate

may

gradually

in its

state

to

State

try very

may

who

man

that, bad

and

depends

features.

is, or

believes

the

sincere
Industrial

of

inevitable

it

be

the

domination

bring
as

these

to

become

now

our

as

add

must

admit

is

disease, may

modern

to

transform

it must
worse

remain
than

our

first."
Of

this kind

are

those

who

argue

that

any

social

experiment antagonistic to Industrial

Capitalism,
if pushed
result in famine
far, would
sufficiently
and
chaos
and
than
even
physical evils far worse
the physical evils which
the mass
of men
have
to

THE

180

suffer

in

the

produced.
Apart from
to-day
say,
is

evil

an

human

of

convinced

are

evil,
and

history

part of the

unknown

sort

throughout
and

race

trying

are

In

the

Europe,

that

to

we,

as

best

escape

greater part of
to-day in the greater

happy

which

those

we

may.
best

as

property

escaped;
caught in it,

are

"

ant
peas-

have

to

who

modifying phrase

sort;

the

of well- divided

are

talism
Capi-

grossest

evil which

an

societies

evil from

an

unknown

human

societies, or

to

men,

Industrial
the

of

of

masses

that

evil

an

has

capitalism

categories,the

these

which

towns

great

an

JEWS

"

we

lies

may

feel
Europeans
that
attack
Industrial
Capitalism which
on
any
denies
the
nation
its supreme
place, or which
impedes the superior task of keeping the nation
they also feel
wealthy, is barred;
strong and
for

crux,

the

great

of

mass

attack
denies
which
instinctivelythat
any
general right of private property and the value
that
of
institution
the
to
healthy conduct
affairs
when

is also
faced

feel that
neither

the

by

it has

The

great

solved

be

to

the

individual

this, which

But

is not

of the

true

able, in the

case

straightfor

their

from

the

obvious

and

the

rest)

of

in

the

some

the

nor

alone

is true

of

mass

of Industrial

problem

destroy property

which

race,

barred.

of the

Kussian

of
our

race,

Capitalism,
will

that

way

nation

through

function.

can

Jews.

our

the

great

of

mass

Therefore

they

Revolution,

our

were

to

go

(apart
object, and that object was
of love of power,
object of revenge,
the

destruction

of

economic

an

inequality.
These
as

Russia

Jews
were

destroyed what
undoubtedly possessed of

who

have

we

knew

political

BOLSHEVISM
ideal

ideal

the

individuals

doubt

No

destroying

there

of vengeance
also
the
strong, as
and

general

them

and

remains,

affair,the

alone

of the forces

ideal

the

of

These
the
with

character

its

behind

the

of

The
of

Jews

heartily

the

"

obstacle

of

obstacle

religion, the

property.

considerations,

Jewish

it

of

obstacle

of

but

free of all obstacles

were

achievement

sense

them;

capable

were

for

sentiment

of Communism.

present
entertaining that ideal, and
the

national

former

appetite

repulsive to
positive motive

many
would

upon

even

as

whole

against the
patriotism,

doubt

wreaking

was

to

No

(all ultimately)
the good of any Russian.

them

of Israel to

the

oppressors
alien

of Communism.

among

prefer the good

181

of the

destruction

it, are

I take

of

what
in

upheaval

the

explains

Russian

the

East,

nation,

its

its inevitable
experiments in social economy,
of the
State
whole, its
impoverishment
a
as
enthusiastic
support by the minority which accepts
enormous

its doctrine.
Those

few

very

witnesses

the

who

women

have

been

Jewish

in
Russia
experiment
(excluding those engaged in propaganda upon
one
side or the other) give us a picture which
is much
what
should
have
we
expected of the situation.
It

of

and

men

that

seems

affirmed

the

instinct

the

greatest vigour, and

Russians

have

great
of

down

upon

the

it opposes
and
more

unnatural
all
more

our

system
instincts

slackly as

"

as

the

the land
and

than

in

the

of the

to

which

which
their
In

ever.

unnatural

Europeans

has

with

nine- tenths

some

they always claimed

ownership
of ownership is more
fierce
sense
towns

nation

private property

that

settled

of the

mass

the

because
"

works

originalsystem

of

THE

182

despot, and
necessarily short:

needs

transition

and

it is clear

For

weakens.

terror

JEWS

the

rule

active
is

it

therefore

that

Communism
of

despot
incapable

system

is
of

of duration.

The

perfectly explicable but deplorable exercise

of vengeance
by the Jews has been directed against
the
what
we
euphemistically term
governing
sale
wholedirecting classes, who have been massacred
and
whose
remnants
subjected to perpetual
are
persecution.
The
has
masses
productivity of the industrial
under
naturally sunk to a very low level, because
Communism
it can
only work
through something
like
work
done
under
military discipline, and
is on
conditions
much
lower
those
a
productive
level than
the

But

free

work.

real interest
is

revolution

in

permanently affixed the

of Bolshevist
than
(which is nothing more
name
the
Russian
for "whole-hogger"),
lies in these
of
two
points: first, the continued
propaganda
Communism
throughout the world
(which propaganda
in organization and
direction
is in the hands
of Jewish
more
tant,
imporagents) ; secondly, and much
in producing
revolution
the effect of the Jewish
throughout the world.
hostility to the Jews
I say
this second
fact is much
more
important
real and
it is the more
the more
because
enduring.
will never
Communist
make
of the highlyYou
a
dental
Occicivilized,tenacious, intelligentand humorous
will no
munist
Commake
You
a
more
European.
Russia,

which

in the. Jewish

to

of him
fours
You

or

than

now

you

will make

permanently abjure
get middle-class

may
as

mere

creed, and

the

him
use

faddists
of

course

of
to

walk

on

all

good liquor.
munism
accept Com-

you

can

easily

BOLSHEVISM

get exasperated
accept

to

relief.

them

in

working
in the

But

their

boast

their

and

be

combated

everywhere,
the

Kussia

the

"

themselves

is

revolution,
who

led

have

and,

at

certainly a

the

future

is of the
it

meet

the
bad

very

this

of

their

shield

people

to

ought,

not

our

it

as

would

race

prevent
allow

solution

seems

to

and

excuse

to

explain

unfortunate

nourish
Jew

but,

action

seemed
to

the

the

me,

have

not

that

what

circumstances

tude.
magni-

except

especially because

for action

reasons

must

in Kussia,

done

him,

excuse

We

of

has

on

Jewish

far

so

as

had,

and

new

the
he

of

contrary,
is
"

say:
for action

He

which

Jew.
had
men

though we
spreading, we must

from

to

what

account

on

to

quite
Jew

patriots
com-

of

and

natural

warp

our

problem. We
work
for its solution as impartiallyand as
though the provocation of Bolshevism
been
given,"
of

Jews

concerned.

was

ought, I think, not to

special hostilityagainst the
he

in

first

consequences
piece of tactics

We

what

put the

it has

and

to

from

abroad
was

which

revolution

emphasize the sincerity of the Jews

it,to exculpate them as far as possible,

rate, to

any

is

Jewish

the

of

way

no

to

Though the
being successfully
a
peril of great

character.

permanent

I know

certainly preserve

it is not

peril into

"

past

our

West.

effect

other

created

will

and

combated,

perilmust

The

who

They

traditions

to

not

of those

descendants

magnitude

get Communism
the old European
blood,

will

its monuments.

and

by capitalism,
promises
system, which

any

you

who

men

down

ground

men,

theory,

any

183

under

the

attempted
ought to
soberly as
had

never

JEWS

THE

184

That

sounds

it will be
tell

ridiculed

who

and

explosion

by

I fear
say, and
of those
who
(as they

most

their eyes

had

us) have

thing

extreme

an

are

to

the

opened by
confirmed

now

Bolshevist
enemies

of

fantastic,
though it sound
it is a
I am
that
convinced
To
right attitude.
one's
lose
a
judgment
on
problem
permanent
of
through panic or heat, to forget the elements
it has been
such a problem merely because
presented
to us
form, is the negation
suddenly in an acute
As
well might a man
is dealing
who
of reason.
of fermented
the problem
with
liquor, and trying
it rationally,let his judgment
to get people to use
of delirium
and
be overcome
rush
tremens
by a case
scheme
of prohibition. The
thereupon into some
which
test
distinguishes good statesmanship
very
is the
bad
under
from
to
keep one's head
power

people.

Jewish

the

provocations
and

course

tells

before

who

studied

these;

aim

at

to

maintain

it under

calmer

middle

solution

whatever

normal
just under
the
gravity of the
the
recognition of it

saw

long

like

our

reason

circumstances.

be

to

us

who

We

to

But

Jewish

problem
general, and

was

conditions

for

The
Jewish
of

Bolshevist
character

deflect

be

revolution

us

in any
from

that

will

inevitable.

was

enthusiasm

Jewish

justice,and,
to

to

heard

many

the
now
right
: now
tide is making
against these people and that the
heads.
men's
fear of anarchy threatens
to turn
for attacking the Jews,
We
were
long blamed
It
for defending them.
already blamed
are
we
is well grounded
attitude
and
is a proof that our
unaffected
by fashion.
years,

have

for
case,

it

It had
sort

ought

conclusion

last.

not

of

not

which

to

Its

side to it

incorporeal
be
the

allowed
much

BOLSHEVISM

lines

larger
of

of

Our

conclusion,

leaves
Jew

would

impossible

render

which

believe

would

that
the
be

had
Jews
in

the
as

power

say

to-day.

should

the

national

ownership.

conspiracies

Russian

they

in

our

of

destroyed

former
I

forget

the

have

recognition

tendency

sense

our

necessarily

full

to

something

yet

the

avoid)

misconceive

to

vengeance

treated

it

and

Such

recognition

as

and

against

cannot

we

nation

ourselves

armed

is

said,

have

society.

fore-

(which

the

considerations

general

Jewish

the

from
our

us

feelings
It

of

different

inhabiting

as

protection

quite

all

and

history

impose.

reason

and

185

and

Russia,

and

Government
be

treated,

WORLD
THE
IN

POSITION
THE

WHOLE
AS

IX

CHAPTEE

POSITION

THE

IN

AS

WORLD

THE

WHOLE

THE

to-day
"

is the

would

of

mass

alive

are

form

of

the

modification

This

First,

the
of

extent

its

from

that

fall

into

tradition

position
in

even

four

more

principal

is

of

the

highly

another.

than

also

these

international

vary

differs
various
groups.
to

in

strength
international

certain
the

the

according
of

Jews

"

community

each

well-defined

degrees

and

to

modified

of

powerful

sources

question

fairly

varying

communities,

simplest

control

though

other,
certain

who

that

of

Jewish

the

every

the

presence,

different
forces

of
of

Thirdly,
the

civic

the

whole

control

Jewish

community

one

treatment

traditions

The

from

largely

the

to

three

against

resentment

which

the

applied

from

the

of

one

modification.

proceeds

extent

the

Secondly,
in

detailed

by

Being

when

needs,

situation,

complex

very

it

will

we

community

all.

at

the
to

Jewish

the

question

truth,

"

and

and

subscribed

outside

the

to

phrase:

control

formula,

simplest

those

this

world

the

in

them."

by

immediately

be

in

up

obtaining

are

controlled

That

nation

Jewish

summed

Jews

be

not

be

may

The

the

of

danger

themselves.
forces

are

"

JEWS

THE

190

Catholic
(1) The
(2) Islam;

international

industrial
We

of international

forces

(3) The
(4) The

Church;

reaction

first line of this

in the

important
premise. The
proceed, namely, the uneasy
are
getting control and the
tolerate

It is denied

too

and

propose

in

the

"

with

book,

which

in

it is not

due

merely

friction

between

the

Jews

But

this

it

Jews
has

will, of

the

world

How

to

denial

scientist
researches
with
he

his

do

small
almost

will tell you

and

from

if it is

with
his

the

to

it to

hosts,

valid,
What

middle

the

at

the

idea

Jewish

documents,

thoughts

than

have
to

class, you

of

any
the

would
Jewish

The

with

is concerned

our

modern

him

equally vigorous.
he

of

slums

the

from

pass

that

but

great majority of

controlling the
the phrase
can

Jewish

be
and

is not

matter

in

Jew

his

present

contrast

their

if

For

common-sense.

poor
with

laughs
neighbours;

is concerned

is further

heard

and

and

the

seem

in his
eyes
all?
If you

at
meaning
comparatively

hear

Jews

domination.

To

course,

unfortunate

cities

great

to

entered

all know

in this

it is held.

sincerely as

the

by

them

and

feeling of
belief

Jewish

the

not

fail.

we

present,

especially to

Jews

would

question to-day,

form

acute

the

I have

sincerely

this

of

Jewish

we

that;
protestations to doubt
valid, not only the particular
were
in this chapter, but
whole
the

argument
is

which

determination
denied

an

their

denial

there

from

feeling that

discussions

many
of

many
if the

survey
of the

of the

inquiry make

fact

control, will be

that

themselves.

too

and

proletariat.

must

upon

Capitalism
against it

his

interfering

historian

that

nothing
interferingwith
that

IN

POSITION

people

successful

always
lawyer

not

wanting
among

The

control
he

great

Jewish

his

he

he

subject,

and

best

neutral, and

and

even

the

that

be
the

man

of his

non-

Jewish

is moonshine

banker,
would

power,

business

idea

vast

comes

has
more

who

possible
"

Jewish

with

the

immersed

Common

English

any

the

lives

whom

daily

if

that

and

"

to

of

aware

is

the

competition ;

the

Code,

Napoleonic

what

or

shopkeeper
competition
by no means

that
he is concerned
will tell you
he happens to be
of law in which

system
the

in that

191

little Jewish

the

trade;

WHOLE

that he is in active
will tell you
his nonJewish
neighbours and

with

"

his

outside

AS

WORLD

personally
majority

and

he

though
tell you

Law

so

it is.

is

fully

in

that

his

against forces to which

at the
are
competitors who
hostile, to Israel ;
commonly
is to-day more
powerful
up

"

than

the

Jewish

banker,

monopolist, and especially the

be
Jewish
monopolist in metal, though he would
of his control
extremely annoyed to have the extent
exposed, will feel that it is due to his superior
abilities and
in no
designed for mastery.
way
All these individual
repliesare true ; but if you
make
of them
a
composite and general reply, if you
put it as a reply of all Israel to all the world outside,
I never
crying, I have no desire for supremacy;

mean

Jewish

"

act

felt

in such
or

shall

fashion

that

increase;

the

my

domination

motive

is not

can

be

present,

"

then that
subconsciously, among
people
my
be false.
general reply would
In point of fact the Jew
has collectively
a
power
world, altogether excessive.
to-day, in the white
It is not
it is inevitably
only an excessive power,
and, therefore, a semi- organized
a corporate
power
even

power.

"

It

is

not

only

excessive

and

in

the

main

JEWS

THE

192

reaction
began,
organized, it was, until the recent
and
most
rapidly increasing power
people
a
believe it to be still increasing. To that the whole
will testify.
the
Jewish
world
outside
community
The
criterion
we
judge whether
by which
may
"

form
of
any
affects
is not
the

it is exercised.

There

world,

not

(which

have

been

and

much

more

so

even

there

never

which

would

not

in

or,

was

never

of

one

Jews),

necessary,

those

to

more

has

been

any

that

tell you

this

than

direct

power
despotism in
it

whom
in the

of

the

history,

accidental,

was

motive

of any

innocent

case,

exercise

personal tyrannies
highly organized

those

much

so

tyranny

it

whom

testimony of those who

the testimony of those
over

but

power,

irritant

is

power
the

or

of

history universally replies: "To

oppression. And
ask those who
felt the pressure
judge that, you must
not

who

those

those

Now

it."

exercised
who

feel the

in

pressure

the

matter

They differ
examining are unanimous.
in the
from
those
to
degree of their resentment
that
whom
the
they are
thing is so intolerable
revolt
against it, to those who
already in active
feel it merely as a distant
though an approaching
But
discomfort.
degree.
everybody feels it in some
It is a universal
sensation
running throughout the
it is growing too
of the modern
and
world
nerves
fast in degree and
extent
to be
ignored.
those
I have
already quoted the effect upon
we

are

now

hundreds

of educated

Civil service
the

holding

the

another,
finance
banker

needs
or

during
locked

the

late

gate

war,

of

international
no

financier

into the

taken

men

His

Jew.

aware

after

monopoly

one

discussion.
is not

when

temporary
they found,

If

the

control

of

individual

of it, the

most

of

POSITION
who

those

AS

WORLD

IN

affected

are

WHOLE

acutely

are

193

it.

of

aware

giving it a sort of conscious

personality, but they certainly do not exaggerate
Jew
The
must
when
they point to its effects.
Men

and

is

what

very

certainlytrue, that not

but
bitterlyresented

know

silence

of Israel

the

quarrel and
in

less

Jewish
it

where

race

in the

of

tage
disadvan-

the

form

form

of the

form

advantage of Israel
of the giving and

the

form

attack

of

with

whom

Israel

in the

Press

of those

in

had

(they

disappeared)

upon

whom

Israel,

past, relied

for

defence.

And

what

"

exasperation

of

source

in

the

in
to

to the

in the

more

tively
they instincall.
Every one

was

inevitable, but

is

what

indeed,

of

discovered

has

everybody

alien

it

was

defence

immediate

the

it
;

almost

now

which

exercised

against nations

Press

control, much

known

credit;

of

withholding

have

what

advertised

have

the

have

feels

Everybody

form

what

upon
to

advertising of

most

control

this

noticed

keeping

to

be

to

accept

his presence
is odious
to

that

moves.

that

to

is his domination

only

whatsoever

of alien

form

feel it about

they

has

he

which

among
about
any

that

control

position of

in any
the race

be difficult for him

it may

what

remember,

do

in

exaggerate

the

is
what

the

"

interests

unjust,

not

is

the

none

solidarityof

of any

the

member

of

concerned.1

were

felt

everywhere as acutely
it is felt in special groups
and
as
to-day as it is felt, for instance, in one particular
section of English opinion already represented in the
if the

But

thing were
consciously as

"

Dr.

Except, of
Levy turned

the

Government

Jews

will

be

out

for
fresh

of

this

having
in

member.

outlawed

an

course,

every

The

case

by his compatriots
unfavourably of the Moscow

country

written
one's

memory.
O

of
in

THE

JEWS

wider

section

194

Press, is felt in

still wider

and

in

the

matter

that

issue

of the

small

alien

of those
The

not.

answer

difficultywould
lessened

be

clearest

be

how

the

without

to

it lives

would

"

could

kind

minority

be

opinion,
then
opinion

We

simple.

whom

among

of French

of Polish

section
be

would

an

forbid

had

decide

then

arisen,
the

destinies

of whom

and

obvious,
Jewish

and

it is

the

control

grievous injustice to

say
and

only
might

innocent

individuals.

thing is not so felt. It is modified, as

I have
said, by the varying degrees of intensity
it is recognized and
national
in which
by the other interinto play.
forces which
come
If we
the
consider
varying political traditions
examine
and
the varying international
forces, if we
shall find something
national
the world's
we
groups,
In the
like this:
vast
a
position
body of Russia
most
paradoxical. For years the Jew was
where
everyin those
and
hated
openly attacked
parts
he was
allowed
to
of the Russian
Empire where
within
nowhere
These
live in large numbers.
were
the

But

Russia

but

proper

upon
what

the

of

outskirts

western

the old Polish

once
empire, within
was
the restored
kingdom and largelywithin what is now
traditional
But
the Russian
Republic of Poland.
of
antagonism to the Jew changed in a few weeks
and
chaos
to
something not opposite but novel
tion
The Russian
allowed
different.
a prodigious revoluto be made
by the Jews, he accepted the loot
that

of

that

he

has

the
since
now

revolution

which

submitted

wholly

country,

to

the

Jew

in

the

tyranny

that

complete

four

years

reversal

old.

secured
towns,

exercised

by

of his national

to

him;

partly
Jews

in

ever

history,

POSITION
The
the

external

Russian

have

killed

old

the
in

was

once

The

Jews

of

mass

Russian

of which

is the

and

tradition,

sacred

Christendom.

region

large

control, there

have

in

part

greater

in much

towns

the
Ukraine,
all theories, are
of
the

and

central

of Russia

as

under

member

Jewish

their

town

mittees
Com-

complete

been
of

of what
hold

You

the

There, for all the

with

Jews

survives.

Jew

potch of
in spite of

of which,
race

the

great

the

and

hotch

the

Russian

and

the

But

Russian

inhabitants

the

195

strongly affected by this curious

melled
untrampopular instinct works
and
violent
passionate antagonism

Where

between

of

WHOLE

of what
politicalpower
Empire has disappeared.

it.

the

it

remains

humanity
change.

see

AS

WORLD

IN

was

what

But
repeated revolts.
Russia
at least,
European
the Asiatic Empire,
once
is

left

of

the

the

very

Executive

government.
So

far

as

secrecy

more

Russians,

that

To

can

which

accounts

of

we

the

action

judge

reach

from

(for nowhere

us

is the

ruthlesslyused),
is,the

peasantry,

of the

imperfect

the

are

weapon
of the

mass

in two

minds.

Jewish

despotism in the town

indifferent,
his early attempts
but
to
they are
against themselves
they were
bitterly opposed.
and
They have suffered at his hands
they thought
him
But
the Jew
to have
a
seems
tyrant.
dropped
this interference

and

down

as

hand,

it

proprietary. On
revolution
guided by

Jewish
the
has

had,

the

was

which

possession of his
always regarded
understand,
"

measure,

soil to have

The

secured

land.
the

land

regarded

Liberation

of

those

the

The

that
the

other
same

peasant

Russian
as

settled

the

peasant

Committees

Russian

his

odd,

in

peasant
own.

He

pedantic
Serfs," as only

THE

196

another

robbing him
the organization of Russian
the strain of war,
he poured

in

back

took

and

estates

the

for

name

when

and

JEWS

what

he

his

of

land;
solved
dis-

society
the

over

thought

great
his

was

own.

strange Jewish

the

For

miles

million

racial instincts
Russian

and

peasant

have

None

the

to

take

the

land

hold

it

and

the

not
to

the

from

less he

did

(he

that

revolution

control

Jewish

traditions, the
but

nothing
had

dered
bewil-

conscious

was

permitted him, if
himself), at least

is

of the

European

our

civilized

revolution

Jewish

the

that

high

could

contempt.

from

removed

our

of Communism,

conception

indistinguishable

towns.

is
again (our information
most
only piece together what
imperfect and I can
eye-witnesses have told me), although the Jew is,
of course,
individually hated, yet his control does
the
certain
for
of the
stand
mass
things which
He
people still support.
organized the resentment
before
He
of the poor
erected
against the rich.
their eyes the pleasing spectacle of a social revenge.
He
carried
out, fairlyconsistently,his Communist
one
aspect at least of which is practical
programme,
with
his hands
that works
for the man
enough;
the

Within

finds

towns,

is

he

that

better, fed

or

stock, than

common

meagre

well,

as

who

those

of the

out

once

were

his masters.
In

general I

control
was

else,

is

it would

the

once

also
not

there
be

again against
that

the

it true

Russian
least

resented

the

peasants

to

if it

eager

to

were

to

we

in

stronger

than

resented.

Jewish

the

way,

Empire

peasants" but
were

that

say

if, in

Christians,

over

what

think

anywhere

do

not

excite
cannot

fight for

say

action

forget
the

new

POSITION

IN

Russian

regime

their

property

new

AS

WORLD

of
in hundreds
Men
enough.
masters
fight for Communist
secure
they can
they believe
absolute
"

red"

which

belt

used

Russian

and

of

large proportion
a

third
the

of

is the

half

all

in

West.
a

the

once

the

whole

of

position

the

from

also

large

admitted
in

in

are

two-thirds,

Very

large

very

towns,
to

up

Jewish.

frontiers

of
and

Roumania,

different
are

nation.

Jewish

the

countries

Jews

separate

was

East

Hungary.

quite

The

boundary,

everywhere a
largestby far

sometimes

very

these

something

what

The

Jews.

and

Poland;

considerable
In

the

of the

Germanies,

the

population are
proportion within

modern

in

Marches

the

Galicia, where,

and
to

an

is what

that

vague

countries

in these

are

Lithuania

in

this.

be

to

seem

There

themselves

between

stand

now

Empire

would

nations,

of

constitute

to

which

and

is absurd

willing to
by so doing

because

But

property

thousands

with

was.

army

that

In

of

form

it

situation

The

in land.

197

identified

they

because

WHOLE

from

in these

Even

what

it is farther

countries
I

as

is

problem

write

admittedly
I

hear

the

complaint, sounding strange in our Western

ears,
proffered by the Polish Jews who have been appealing
to the West
against what they claim to be the
down
Poles !
oppressive practice of writing them
as
In Roumania
for two
generations it has been the
fixed
but
Jew

principleof
always acted
is not

Of

course

he

can

Irishman.

an

State,

cannot

latent,

now

in social

upon

Roumanian

he

be

the

at

be

Englishman,
(Fancy a Jew

an

more

Frenchman,
Irishman

the

be

cannot

really,any
or

overt,

practice, that

all and

one

now

!)

one.

than
or

But

an

JEWS

THE

198

not

mean,

even

Poland

In

the

different
social

language

of

lively

most

under

Cohen

different

In

the

all of them

and

and

them.

pressure

Jew

is

setting up
necessity of

of

an

its

where

of

the

the

of numbers

and

and

between

people

East

North

German
When

we

be

of it,

Germany

the

Balkan

course,

revolution

Hungarians,

and

people

of
as

which
South
the

and

West.

Europe,
hardly a

though it is
beyond the Elbe;

Scandinavian

the

only present

Russian

Occidental

to

the

south

of States
group
the
Sea
Black

and
the

States

It is

included,

must

to

of

world

numerical

attempted

in the

Baltic

come

the

is, of

massacres

different

and
ephemeral Bolshevism
Bohemia
suppression. In

pressure
lie between

the

the

less, there

is far less and in the

pressure
and
the Danube
the Drave.
a

have

life from

Hungary,

memory
in 1918,

the

by convention.
people have

or

greater part of these

custom

around

fiction

by

one

countries,

to

when

in which
true
we

France,

part
come

Britain,

and
the
Low
Countries,
Italy, Spain, Switzerland
the
numerical
problem changes. The
proportion
of Jews
sinks enormously.
Fairly large in one
or
it is almost
Dutch
two
towns,
insignificant in
and
the
have
had
into
Scandinavia,
though we
into
the
and
to some
extent
great English towns
northern
French
towns
(particularly Paris) a

considerable
of

number
far

smaller

these
than

The
Europe.
in spite of the

blood
But
these

in

the

while
western

influx

recent

same

in

people
the

of

numerical

countries

West

remains
of

masses
more

absorption of
past, of Spain.
the

yet the

the

great
is still

Jews,

true

the
of

is much

far,

East

of

Italy, and,

great deal

proportion

total

of Jewish

of Jews

smaller,

and

in

while

WORLD

IN

POSITION
the

therefore

in

different

the

and

more

which

his

"

itself

most

religion

save,

"

made

is

"

toleration

that

to

old

the

still favours

Liberal
and

of

rise of

each

favours

the

favours

anonymity

which

nonsense

ence
indiffer-

really an

was

fundamental

of all social motives

where

course,

permit

to

hosts

each

the

favour

greatly

competition with
international
knowledge

"

the

in

called

East, it is

corrupt Parliaments,
general form, by the presence

Press

anonymous

each

is very

primarily through
sceptical Universities,

the

through

of institutions
Jew

domination
it is farther

what

199

It is exercised

next

and, lastly,in

WHOLE

Jewish

from

form

clearly marked.
finance;

of

peril

AS

attack

exception

an

the

upon

Catholic

Church.
of

influence

Under

this

both

sort,

sincere

and

and
the
Jew
hypocritical, both
mean,
generous
and
acquired in all the larger communities,
especially
in France,
and
Italy, Germany
England, a power
and
I may
of all proportion to his numbers,
out
add,
reader, out
without, I hope, offending any Jewish
of proportion to
his abilities; certainly out
of
in
proportion to any
right of his to interfere
It
Jew
the
affairs.
who
our
was
a
produced

divorce

laws

in

anti- clericalism
also

in

the

the

Jew

nations

East,

permeated
Ireland

and

the

the
is

to

Jew

protect
whose

Universities

is

And
nobody.
the migrations of

for

time

here
the

and

corner

which

afterwards

and

country

in the

forces

of

his

compatriots in
spirithas so largely
the

In

it must
Jew

that

and

exception.

an

nourished

who

called

who

(outside the little industrial

here

Jew
in

everywhere

Italy ;

Occidental

the

France,

Press.

Ireland
in the

be

the

north-east)

remarked

give
numbers

Jew

him

that

numbers

elsewhere,

JEWS

THE

200

places where previously he had not been known

;
here for a time, and
which
sees
give him influence
it followed
by the decline of that influence, do not
law
which
to
we
trace, and
can
seem
obey any
the
conscious
are
certainly not
product of any
in
of the
It is one
action.
strangest phenomena
of
history, this odd, spasmodic flood movement
in

Jewish

the

with

Is it concerned

race.

commerce

is what
that
undoubtedly;
explains the exploitation of England by Jews after
the
Conquest, of Spain in the later Middle
Ages,
of the Valley of the Rhine
but then, why not other
;
is

That

element

one

commercial
not

centres

nor

was

Paris

after

the

Dutch

of

some

attraction

for the

very
has

why

tradition

quite

in the

ideal

an

to

this

while

and

of

not.

of

course,

Poland,

England

century

nineteenth

invaded

complete
else
anywhere
by them.
Why these

into

United

the

half

the

day

Jew

he

more

perfectly

been

the

all its civic

Jews

is not

Until

hardly

was

which

States,

by

was

for

asylum

times

recent

there

mediaeval

into

was

centres

account,

there, and

known

outside

known

great cities.

few
No.

the

did

and
a
century
by its Constitution, and

open

no

not

was

now

such

the
Jews
a
gave
he
find
could
than

influxes

recent

Ages,

eighteenth century

late

very

tolerated

formed

of Jews

Venice

early Middle

towns

into

not

world,

for

well

was

Belgian towns
would
That
asylum ?

Why not until

England, which
civic
position
in the

Jew

the

great influx

then

but

attraction

an

the

it

Was

the

though

one,

as

There

would

discoverable
ebb

and

To

to

seem

be

no

law,

at

or

least

law, for this mysterious movement,

flow

return

of

Israel

to the

"

but

national

that

is

situations.

sion.
digres-

POSITION
If

find

we

World

the

would

we

seem

United

the

In

last

the

believe,

as

Jew

and

told

convention
Jew

had

he

here

than

the

Jew

the

world

was

there,
was

English
to-day. With
our

"

of course,

feature

social

"

the

in

in

truth

never

the
was

America

always recognized

was

the

in

prejudice

classes

of the
any
of pretending that he was
was

Jew

that

no

was

is still,

and

wealthier

There

him.

Empire.

towns,

important

in

their

here

him

certain

is very

the

still

was

was

among

there

over

great industrial

with

sort

numbers

which

than

more

any

the

There

"

and

him

familiar

about

their

but

are

this

"

him

temporary
con-

smaller

even

population,
find

from

present, till

were

America,

of

of the

but

came,

always

Jews

storekeeper,

with

landscape."
against him
East,

the

You

or

country-sides
the growth of
the

so

Italy,far smaller
formerly the German

unknown.

familiar

not

still in

of others,

and

was

half

one

lawyer

are

agriculturalpart

almost

observation

in numbers
years,
to the
population than

in what

the

of affairs

few

numbers

the United

to

very

the

States

proportion
in France, England
In

turn

201

utterly different
have
difficultyin following their
something of this
history; but
be passing there.
to
States

United

that

us

and

and

development

I
foreign observer.
completely in a few
for I am
dependent upon
and

condition

novel

WHOLE

AS

puzzling to the
do not
pretend to analyse it
lines, nor
accurately,
even

of

process

Old

the

leave

we

States,

WORLD

IN

no
as

nonsense

a
we

something

else.
Of

that

Europe

of

phenomenon

is full, which

is

so

which
marked

the
in

history
the

eastern

of

JEWS

THE

202

counties
the

to-day

middle

close

is

nothing

nineteenth

the

came

is

traceable

It

change.

place in the lifetime

myself. It is a change, I

since

twenty

visited

last
years

emigration began

to

It flooded

Baltic.

early

till the

even

of

pour

much

men

States

which

younger
marked

told, most

am

than

more

and

where

York,

New

change

organized Jewish
the
in, especially from

regular

is

United

the

ago.

the

in

nor

rise in

to

States.

taken

than

beginning

century,

United

it, in the

of

Then
has

which

there

West,

and

and

it

forms

now

it created
population;
in most
of the
industrial
Ghettoes
large Northern
in
and
all the
associate
we
towns,
phenomena
selves.
began to show themEurope with these movements
the
There
was
growth of the financial
of monopolies
and
in particular trades.
monopoly

probably

There
of

third

clamour

the

was

"neutralizing"

there

the

was

and

of

Christian

the

of

for

of the

Jewish

life.

The

critic in

Jews

went

every
"

as

form

schools;

in

ary
revolution-

Jewish

also

the

in

religious teaching

appearance

the

toleration

tradition

of

they usually

things, and the Executive

was
attacked.
last
and
The
most
apparently the
to
unpopular of the presidents, Mr. Wilson, seems
have been
Anonymity in the
wholly in their hands.
of course.
marked
A very
Press
example of
came,
it is a journal called
The
New
Republic, which,
though it has but a small proportion of Jewish
writers upon
it, and though its capital is (I believe)
do

"

not

organ

to

the

heart

is

Jewish,
of

the

of

yet

Jewish

all intents

to

boycott of any news

Jews, always joins in
to

them,

and

unfavourable
the
in

clamour

general

the

purposes

intellectuals, always

the

favourable

and

to

joins

in

European

for

adheres

anything
to

the

POSITION
Jewish

WORLD

IN

AS

this

have

we
a

phenomenon

from

were

Jewish

no

There

the

first

in

have

visited

have

ranges,

discussed
as

that

Jewish

for

all the

the

to

against
Exchange

Stock

hesitation;
silence.
the

from

discussed
have

beyond

Americans

the

War

and

their

always does,
and

strong

it the

found

the

of

The

moment

of

affairs

reaction

Anti-Semitism
the

since

reaction

of

patches

conversation

Europe

of reaction

no

to-day it is
politicaltopics I

Of

of

of

west

was

discussed

was

States

kind

use

first felt and

was

all others.

This

(to

not

us

Europe
long time, provides

different

uneasy

question

in the

us.

"sticky."

metaphor)

United

the

in

for

very

among

was

powers

there

it has

what

Jewish

it

and

direct

more

familiar

been

now

let

or,

England.

in

presence
with which

203

in Paris,

side, like the Humanite

The
New
Statesman
say,
But
the novel

WHOLE

who

with

whom

country.

from

open
Jews

It

the wildest
defence

of

but by the
position, not only by
small
outside
the
minority of their admirers
very
Jewish
the wealthy.
community, especially among
The
characteristic
of the whole
thing in the United
States is that it is only just beginning.
It is capable
of becoming one
of those
sudden
growths of which
the
has
made
us
past history of the Republic
familiar, and indeed it is too early yet to judge, even
the largest lines, what
it
take.
forms
not
on
may
It is enough to say that there is behind
the reaction
against the Jew in that country a growing intensity
of feelingwith which
as
Europe,
yet, in Western
we,

are

the

advance

unfamiliar.
silence

great attack
of Mr.

Ford

we

If

have

made
be

test

the

Jews

upon

the

gold standard,

and

all that

he

matter,

required, contrast
'96, during Bryan's

about

in

in the

stands

with
for

the

work

to-day!

JEWS

THE

204

The
In

of the world

rest

the

is either

world,

heathen

of Islam

far, the

so

heathen.

or

Jew

has

little

place. He has a strong grip on India, of course,

but
only through the British Raj, not through the
in China,
and
native
population;
a
except as
he has no
at all;
quasi-European merchant,
power
the
neither
has
he
organized
over
strong and
nationality of Japan.
Such
the
roughly, of the
are
degrees, very
problem ; such the differences of its quality in the
various
national
to-day. Of these the two
groups
cause
most
interesting states of the problem by far, bethey are changing with the greatest rapidity,
in England
and
in France,
in the United
found
are
States.
I have

the

was

difference

nations.

Here

from

to

East

In

of civic

was

silence

the

at

upon
all.
He

was,

the

national

never

Jew,

enemy,

of the

traditions

religion, from

to

any
of

or

condition

modifying

have
you
it
But
within

West.

there

Russia

second

again

due

ultimately

the

that

said

until

the

and

there

a
a

differentiation

differentiation,

North

tradition

South.

to

of

respecting

keeping
the

Jew

revolution,

recent
was

various

the

end

of

it.

the
and
Roumania
Similarly in Poland,
vaguer
in the old
even
populations of their borders, and
talked of openly as belonging
Hungary, the Jew was
the
to
whole, a
a
nationality and, on
separate

hostile
But

one.

as

another

tradition.

the

Jew

as

the

Germanies

or

England

Elbe.

It

citizen.
than

it

was

another

west

got

one

"

was

This

in the

the

fashion
Low

spirit emerged,
thing" to treat
was

weaker

Countries,

everywhere present

west

in

France,
of the

POSITION
It

was

the

AS

WORLD

IN

tradition

commercial

from

flowing

and

WHOLE

205

two

sources:

of

England

protestant

the

of the
scepticalFrance
Jew
(according to this spirit)
eighteenth. The
merited
special protection and special respect. He
in his passion
be protected and respected even
must

seventeenth

for

secrecy;

his

existence

of the

this

of

the

last

at

cultivated

in the

mention

mere

something of
spiritproceeded the Liberal
I dealt

which
It

book.

form,

by

with

in the

clinched,

was

the

of

directing classes
an
oddity.

and

became

this

convention

that

so

west

From

the

century,

or

second

it

enthusiasm

fiction

chapter
given permanent

was

and

trine
doc-

severe

at a
arose
Republicans, which
when
Israel
moment
regarded as a religion
was
and
its national
quality was
forgotten. Since all
religionwas
thought to be dying, since, further, an
enthusiasm
had
arisen against almost
religion
any
which
exercised
civic power
(notably the Catholic
Church), this Jewish
religion,formerly regarded as

of

inimical

it,was

French

the

to

the

State,

or

at

naturally accorded

strange system
than
to

he

the

wear

and

mask

citizen, not
chanced

of
to

next

elsewhere,
Jewish
so

chapter,
because

finance

long nearly

and

Jew

everywhere

we

other

of the

are
more

permitted

was

though

as

That

nation

his

than
he

were

in which

himself.

Against this attitude

In
plea of nationalism.
in the

which

life of somewhat

the

Israel, but
find

of

nationalities

of

function

to

death

its brief

century, whereby

own,
a

after

watching

now

specialprivilege.

the

arose,

separate from

rate

any

this
the

of

identical.

arose

at

last

England,
plea was
interests

British
In

as

the
we

powerful
shall

less strong
of

see

than

international

commerce

Italy, where

were

the

for
Jew

JEWS

THE

206

movement

national

Papacy,
anomaly
after
and

of

Jew.

the

It
and

was

that

the

other

function,
former

the

"

City

to

force

he

the Jew,
for the

"

has

be

an

field

may
it

of the

"

Jewish

disappear ;
able
inexplic-

seem
as

no

cities

for

to

propose

accept

patriotism

"

if all other

to them

must

in

on

convenient,

very

not

made

been

open

do

stronger

city" of Israel
we
Europeans

which

of Israel

left
disappeared and
operations. But they
and
though our devotion

became

the
in

would

especially

1918.

between

allusion

It

the

to

of

"cities"

"

France,

the

strengthening to-day

defeat

clash

page.

doubt,

it is

as

which

to

in

But

the

to

with

little

870, the contrast

stronger, just
after

antagonism

clashed

feeling

the'def eat of

Germany

its

of

account

on

the nationalist

with

naturally closelyconnected

was

permanent

will not

European

weaken.
United

the

In

this

convention,
treated

it

of the
in

conception

full citizen, was

in the

was

soul

as

this

States

West

of

very

that

far

soul

and,

tradition

the

Jew

stronger
It

Europe.

Constitution,

the

Liberal

was

what

is

or

be

must

than

even

in the
more

very

tant,
impor-

people. For such a

in
but
only in doctrine
in vast
quantities, of

of the

nourished
not
spirit was
practice by the appearance,
different
countries, all of
immigrants from
many
can
in and
absorbed
whom
were
merged by the Amerithe
there
field in which
spirit. If ever
was
a
and
false conception that
Jew
could
be a Jew
a
at

the

that

field

it is there
most

side

time

same

acute

with

the

was

form;

full citizen

United
the

that

this

the

States

problem
and

the

strong civic

is

of another

nation,
Yet

of America.
now

reason

tradition

reaching

its

side

by

is that
there

goes

POSITION

IN

AS

WORLD

WHOLE

of speech and
a
complete freedom
public opinion. The reality became
was
recognized
theory and the Jew
will

He

apart.

fall

never

active

very

much

too
as

the

into

207

for

something
background

again.
remain

There

which

forces

quarrel
control

over

Industrial

in the

term

defined.

In

rulers

is admired

base

know

very

that

against

that

and

always
has

well
Islam

to

are

be

can

with

that

the

is in

some

way

simply

less method

in

favour

few

rare

of

particular
special society, or

Islam
game

up

oppression than
as
permanently

and

some

in

of

force

summed

of intellectual

Jew

It is but

the

Modern

international.

inferior, save

he

the

four

is treated

is necessary
in a moment

Normally

of

less continued

but

when
or

force

in Islam

Jew

he

with

Christendom,

moments

All

of the

Islam

therefore

something

"

the

"

Reaction

Socialism.

position

in

Church

Islam

Religion

are

Proletariat, the Reaction

The

and

forces

the

and

Capitalism,
the

affairs.

our

Catholic

the

general truth that the

quarrel with his increasing

international

Those
and

is

the Jew

international

the

this

modify

with

considered

be

to

is
is

brilliance.

played

kinder

outcast.

an

of

to

ing
pretendhim

than

the

playing of one party

of Islam
against another
against Christendom
In Islam
his superior
by Israel, which is of neither.
is equally famed.
position in Christendom
History
is too strong for such pretences.
All the history of
there
Islam, all the social spiritof Islam, to which
countless
witnesses
verdict
are
to-day, give the same
about
the general treatment
of the Jew
in that
society.
So
it was
in independent
Islam.
But
Islam,
we

are.

"

game

"

THE

208

politicallycontrolled
of affairs

state

eternal

seems

(no

can

one

the

tian
Chris-

rise and

that

how

say

Islam

between

and

Western

Under

matter.

conflict

the

the

to-day by

is another

powers,

will last

JEWS

stable
un-

it

long

and

dom
Christen-

fall of that

tide

is

indefinitely successive) the problem takes

on
and
quite another
shape. France
England appear

in

Islam
Until

the

artificial

the

as

quite lately
the

Under
Africa

often

were

which

was

which

is still

point
Jew

insult

an

of the

to

French

who

of the

eyes
the

you

to

common

if he

the

Arab

is

Algeria the

two

countries.

governing

what

of

of

power,
and
Atlas

the

in

treated

the

of
Fez

Ghetto

How

him

member

is
as

of the

of those

pride

the

He

treat

you

are

from

France?

If

therefore

and

weakest

Even
in
not.
may
been
done
wisely
more

he

French,

were

North

and

It is the

In

regime.
The

which

in

way

medans.
Mohamin

Jews

things have
in Algiers, the
difficultyis felt.
Jew
to treat
a
differentlyin Morocco

than

bore

Mohammedan

every
to him.

where

Morocco,

Jew.

special,a superior position,

insult

an

vote.

may

in the

French

given

French

the

was

of this

odium

worst

it

of the

supporters

lords

?
.

larger field of Mohammedan

the

In

exercised
is ten

times

this

of

and

that

friction

to-day
as

with

the

went

on

commerce

of

control

vastly
by Britain, which, directly and

Indian

grotesque

of
;

of Jewish

the

by
appointment

currency

the

it

Jews.

It
the

turned,

the

to

Jew.
in

control

continued

to

been

finance

extended

by Jews;

have

stands
of

thruster-in

support
with

which

until

was

tables

the

but

it is Britain
the

there

France,

indirectly,
latelyless
medan
MohamIt

began
it
Egypt;
over

in
has

Indian

the

ended

Indian
control
in the

Viceroyalty

POSITION

WORLD

IN

AS

is

doubt

no

the

on

which

intrusion

the

ago,

British

Rabat

the

Western

agents of

Jewish

Islam.

to

And

lay, until quite a

French, to-day it lies

blame
the

upon

From

Bengal,

the

as

Palestine.

write, there

I
:

intolerable

is

chief

the

whereas

of

Bay

regarded

are

years

the

to

which

whatsoever

the matter

on

Atlantic

Powers

in

209

of

experiment

extraordinary
To-day, at the moment
the

and

WHOLE

few
upon

Government.

*****

role

The

the

of

the

between

Catholic

Jews

the

worst

connected

with

the

the

in

Christendom

and

discussed,

Church

debate

is the
of

understood,

point

any

general problem.

most

But

is

it

lic
Wherever
the Cathosimple definition.
is powerful, and
Church
in proportion as it is
tion
powerful, the traditional
principlesof the civilizait is the soul and
of which
guardian will always
be upheld.
of these
One
principlesis the sharp

capable

of

distinction

between

Rationalist

would

racial, and
on

that

of

account

would

say

religious;

that
that

which

say
it

Christendom.

the

violent

and

ourselves.

The

that

this

distinction

was

found

religious expression
its racial
reality. His opponent
the origin of the quarrel was
mainly
it was
in religioustradition
a difference

formed

and

Jew

the

only

the

contrast

The

former

original contrast

can

cite

between

and
the
Jew, the latter the
Empire
formative
religion, philosophy, is the
human
society.
every
But
whichever
theory you adopt, the
The

Catholic

European
never

Church

is the

tradition,

compromise

with

the

that

fiction

evidence

the

Roman

truth
force

that
in

fact is there.
an

tradition
that

Jew

as

of

conservator

and

the

between

Jew

long
age-

will
can

JEWS

THE

210

be

other

Church
the

than

has

other

will

morals

over

indirect

That
and

doctrine

hostilities

has

never

be, admission
the

against

acted

Catholic

proportion to its power,

be recognized to the full.

there

can

of warfare

plain.
again

are

or

the

in

hand,

be,

Wherever

will

problem

the

never

and

power,

Jewish

On

Jew.

and

Catholic

by

Jew.

has been

been

morals

Those
defined

and

over

throughout history. If
opened against the majority
be repressed
midst, they may
upon

are

minority in its
and
Still more
punished.
important, insincere and
be
cloak, may
as
pretended conversion, used
a
But
repressed and
punished.
munity
though a comhas
its own
the
life,
right to determine
and
to eliminate
(if it think it possible) even
(with
justice, not with cruelty, violence
injustice in
or
form) an alien, a hostile minority; yet that
any
minority has its own
right to live, if not there,
then elsewhere.
it is rooted
It has its right
once
by

"

traditional

and

tradition.

own

If

allow

you

must

that

life threatens

its

to

"

convictions,

own

allow

you

it to

it to

its

live

live among
life save

own

The

yours.

to

Catholic

its
you,

where

Church

will

always maintain
reality,including the realityof that
his hosts.
the
and
Jew
between
sharp distinction
The

of the

opponent

other

things being

because,
himself
of the
to

reliance
in the

under
ill at

North

upon

the

inspired

the alliance
Catholic

Jew,

with

Church.

to

Church

whole

The

Jew

300

the

Jew,

may

find

tradition

Protestant

than

more

will tend,

support

distinction, the

for

was

the

equal,

that
ease.

Catholic

years

able
favour-

of its

partly

indeed

Jewish

Scriptures, its absorption

Jewish
the Jew

on

folk-lore, but
was

Strong

an

traces

account

more

alliance
of that

because

against the

spiritstill

POSITION

IN

remain.

What

sheer

has

necessity

society against
and

each

began

been

the

Catholic

or

to

feel

to

Modern
few

novel

two

ago

the

forces

Jewish

aspect of Jewish

power

the

universally hated.
change.
To-day
is

the

on

by the fear of
revolutionary
I make

bold

Jew

the

the

Modern

"

its

victim,

the

finance

in

that

have

we

strongest

side.

was

which

that

opposition to
representative
the particular

an

was

said

have

was

Jew

But

other

would

anyone
the
Jew

opposition to
capitalism alone ;
of capitalism, and

Jew

tive
disrup-

Proletariat.

Industrial
years

as

Capitalism, and, protesting against it,

the

preserve

domination.
the

remain

country,
anti- Liberal,

or

211

it has

every

what

alien

an

There

in

WHOLE

against

warred

Liberal

Protestant,

AS

WORLD

all

seen

force

was

power

against

that
the

It is

mainly aroused, not

capitalistforces, but by the fear of

forces.
to

say
to the

comes

that

when

feeling against

the

of action, the

point

Jew

will

the
necessarily,and in self-defence, fall back upon
leadership of the proletariat against industrial
he must,
from
instinct,
capitalism. He will
mere
age
the line of cleavquite apart from calculation
use
which
divides a society hostile to him.
will
He
the line of cleavage driven
rely on
by the vast
modern
the few
in the
quarrel between
possessors
"

"

modern

industrial

exploited
So
to

world

and

their

victims, the

millions.

put, the opportunity of the Jew, if he be driven

extremities

seems
seem

himself

to

easy

for

into
of

an

army

in

his

defence,

It
would
enough.
him
all animosity against
to deflect
guarding,
safeanimosity against the rich
in Eussia),
course
(as he has done

great

raise

opportunity

"

THE

212

the

Jewish

rich.

formidable

The

in

quite

future

civilized
blow.

The

world.

decline

health

in

kept

the

keep

to

Secondly,
occupied
small

of

area

Thirdly,
if the
it

will

it

will,

under

When
the

be

fury

Jewish

far

think,

being

of

from

to

of
more

Jew

is

as

battle

universal,

and
and

in

will
may
and

mankind
nonmore

but

very

world.

Proletariat,
Either
its

masters

its

destroy

own

Russia.
in

very

short

reappear.
rage
will
from

Jew,

civilized

destroying

exhausted,

problem

distract

is

leadership,

ing
will-

important)

short-lived.

be

after

or

less

another.

Industrial

the

being

and

is

the

of

it, will

Jewish

proletarian

problem
is

revolt

is

capitalism

surface

trial
indus-

machine

that

(and

their

that

less

is

less

and

weakness;
fact

are

heavy

less

going,

production,
the

The

the

defeated,

of

serfs

area

provoke

be

powers

will

the

Jews

its

industrial

by

them

the

proletariat

the

upon

of

minority

The

machine

the

probably

of

another.

that

will

therefore

depends

and

going,

millions

dealt

cause

tunity.
oppor-

industrial

industrial

and

three

that

and

war

the

another

capitalism

time

The

that

is

productive,

The

smaller

even

an

fact

minority

population,

town

be

white

weaken

is this

small

remember

must

we

which

condition

first

the

But

conditions

still

are

JEWS

to

intensely,
not

that

which

steadily

be

directed.

it

sufficient,

other
his

but

cross-

attention

THE

POSITION

OF

ENGLAND

THE

JEWS

IN

CHAPTER

RELATION

PRESENT

THE

The

so

forth.

in

action,

earlier

in

cycle

this

through

book,

Castile,

of

Kingdom

also

fullest

its

the

only

country

which

the

Jews

for

hundreds

of

the

only

country

was

has,

out

in

an

England.

Spaniards

of

England
got

and

for

rid

England
a

brief

of
is

period,

alliance

an

of

passed

for

years,

the

phase

every

England

even

and

extremes

absolutely

like

something

into

entered

which

to

and

extremes,

greater

even

of

Spain

form.

turn

again,

through

went

in

attempted

pointed

the

passed
which

has

examples

particular

in

and

Spaniards,

Each

welcomed

have

one

Jew

"

this

of

part

the

cycle.

chief

as

every

histories,

long

exiled

two

are,

have

persecuted,

actually

often
"

JEWS

towards

tragic

the

tolerated,

welcomed,

their

phases

THE

THE

Europe

of

course

called

have

exile

of

successive

through
I

the

in

them,

AND

nations

various

of

BETWEEN

STATE

ENGLISH

THE

with

them.
it

Though
State

the

is

is,

that

present

the

position

"

politics

towards

Jew

with

of

word

be

may
upon

of

service

past

to

relations.
215

the

of

British

official

which

"

it

by

the

position

introduce

we

British
are

the

cerned,
con-

matter

THE

216

The

have

account

changed
The

is the

Jew

movement

in the

economic

the

secondary

established
Jew

as

the

was

of

protection

of the

rule

of

the

The

it

individual

attacker

economic
finds him

one

Throughout
it began
appears
Every one knows

which

Jewish

If

century.

new

is

Jew.

State.

popular attack, that

King's peculiar,and

of

of each

Status.

It

was

else in Christendom.

everywhere
King's; that

the

eleventh

why
Conquest.

Norman

role

here

the

that

development

mediaeval

The

in

and

us

of the

wake

island, whatever

this

follower

camp

among

the

the

close

their

at

in

during the Roman

occupation, was
during the Dark
Ages. Things

been

small

of

element

Jewish

may

JEWS

the

is, under
he

the

were

attack

was

special
subject

attack

an

on

liable to

speedy repression.
punished with special

was

the
is
movement
severity because
danger of massthe
populace is free to act in
always great where
it was
and
as
throughout the middle
masses
ages,
attacks
the
necessity for preventing individual
from
correspondingly great. Now
spreading was
then
and
the popular feeling got out
and
of hand

the

monarch

could

had

deal

to

but

control;

with

which

numbers

rule

the

he

Jew,

especially
the
rich Jew,
enjoyed a privileged position,
both
in Northern
France
and
throughout England.
The
Jew
of the
early Middle
Ages in England
and
often
was
man
an
normally a well-to-do
small
Then,
as
exceedingly rich man.
a
now,
not

number
their
He

of

must

were

much

the

richest

men

of

time.
had

this immense
alone

Jews

as

was

pause

most

of

the

finances

privilege (which he
allowed
to
practise
a

moment

to

define

in
has

his hands,

lost),that

usury.

usury.

Here

and
he
we

OP

POSITION

JEWS

ENGLAND

IN

217

signifiedthe receiving of
It is a practice
interest
unproductive loans.
upon
and
all philosophers have
which
all moralists
the
Church
in particular
which
and
condemned
then

Usury

(as now)

If

condemns.

lend

you

to

money

for

man

if, for instance, he is to buy

:
productive purpose
advance,
a
ship and trade with the money
you
and
to buy a farm
produce, then,,of course,
or
grow
are
perfectly free to stipulate for a portion of
you
if
lend the money
for a purpose
the profit. But
you
not
directly productive, as, for instance, to a
in grave
necessity, or in lieu of charity, or
man
will
such
build
to
a
building as a church, which
not
produce a rent, or if in any other fashion you
lend

to

money

it in

spend

not

is immoral
Now

who

one

an

exception

in

favour

money

the

moneys

of

will

knowledge)

your

reproductive

some

demand

to

lend

(to

then

agency,

it

interest.
in mediaeval

made

was

the

interest,

Jew.

He
in

allowed

was

the

endom
Christto

grievous
for services as unproductive
of necessity, and
cases
The
that
as
religion or war.
only stipulation was
returned
of

the

at

saved
the

to

even

from

Crown

licensee.

In

remained

this

lucrative

(in theory)

practice
with

most

death

the

upon

doubt

no

practice
a

very

the

who
accumulator,
large part
he had
during his lifetime was
enjoying the income
who
could
acquired by usury,
give it to his heirs
while
still living, and
could
use
opportunities for
it to
secret
the
investment, or pass
custody of
others throughout international
But
liquid
Jewry.
left by him, the product of his
sums
usury, returned
to

the

Crown

advantage
the

Jew

to

from

upon
the

the

his

Crown,
native

death.

This

only
hostilityof
not

was

in

great

protecting

his alien

hosts

JEWS

THE

218

of the populace),
but in giving
(and particularly
him that great privilege
a
monopoly.
"

The rate of interest was

It varied
enormous.
from nearly50 per cent to over 80 per cent.
When
the King was
Jews lent money
on
security
party
and their privito the safe custodyof the security,
lege
extended so far that they were
exempt from
the common
law, and a case between an Englishman
and his Jewish creditor could only be tried
patriots
comby a mixed jury in which the Jew's own
were
presentin equalnumbers with the

English.
All duringthe Angevin periodJewish

financial
continued,up to the end of the twelfth

domination

century and

into the

even

beginningof

the thirteenth.

with the firsthalf of the thirteenth

of which I have never
reason
century,for some
sufficienthistorical analysis
and of which,
a
seen
been
full
have
causes
lost,the Jewish
perhaps,the
decline
far as
so
began to
power
very rapidly,
But

":

concerned.
And here it may be noted that the misfortunes
of the Jews in any country never
beginuntil their
is shaken.
financial position
As long as they are
of the Government
the financial masters
they are

England was

but
Protected
their financialpower
woe

"se

to them
!

when

Then

they beginto
there is no longer

for supporting
them either on the partof
the governingclasses in general
or of the Executive
in particular.Popularpassionis let loose and
disaster follows.
At any
in
rate, the thirteenth century saw
England a rapiddecline of Jewish financial power
and at the same
mosity
time a rapidrise of officialanitowards them.
They gotpoorer and poorer
any

is-

"

reason

^
"-**',*"-'

'""
*
"

f. '"I ',."

""

? y~ "-*"*.}"

^
te*

as

POSITION

OF

the

proceeded.

century

the

at

time

same

lent

had

it.

licence

final

The

earlier

Their

last

219

activities

land

their

withdrawn

part of his reign;

foreclose

to

when

came

They

yet, in the

and

forbidden

was

were

restricted.

more

upon

step

practiseusury

to

the

I in

at

were

ENGLAND

IN

and

more

largely

money

public interest,
upon

JEWS

Edward

by
and

special

at

last, in

all
increasing severities, they were
penalty of death.
expelled the country under
The
people, already reduced
by two
unhappy
hurried
of
out
generations of fallingfortune, were
the country, carrying, by permission, their money
movables.
and
They were
protected, indeed, at
the ports by the
royal officers, who
even
paid the
but
of the
them;
they
indigent among
passage
and
murdered.
some
even
plundered at sea
were
murderers
The
punished, but the memory
were
after

1290,

and
in the Jews'
mind
persecution remained
natural
a
England became
object of their hate.
Jewish
The
expelled by the English
community
surprisinglysmall, not 17,000, and suggests the
was
historical truth that in the Middle
Ages, and indeed
until quite modern
times, the Jewish
community
and
in Northern
France
England was a community
of people in the main
well-to-do.
It so remained
until quite modern
times.

of the

There
more

in

followed

during
Europe of

Jews

upon

three

which
a

visited

themselves
who
our

the

called

"

centuries

the

would

not

not

this

tolerate

few

There

time,
of what

Crypto- Jews,"

that

and

example

one

whatsoever.

throughout
island,

half

was

that

terms

any

England

State

remained
rate

and

or

the
tainly
cer-

at

the

any

Jews

is, Jews

outwardly deny their nationalityand practise

religionfor the purpose of privategain. These,

THE

220

when

could

they

JEWS

the British

within

law

the

defeat

successfully,remained
their effect

But

seas.

was

English people during the whole

of their great military advance
in France,
during
their language and
culture
the whole
period when
was
forming, during the whole
great national
and
of the
Keformation,
episode of the Tudors
the
formed
one
great exception out of all Europe
slight;

and

in

the

that

the

returned,

They
Cromwell.

increased
and

century
number

the

of

State

But
the

the

the

fluctuation

the

real

late seventeenth
the

in

position

of

it

identity

between

interests

of

so

to

long
appear,

which

is not

understand

when

now,

that

an

seems

there

favourable
what

the

in

so

between
in the

seen

marked

the

cosmopolitan
the
leading commercial
like
led to something
was

and

odd

of

Israel

novel

and

is
to

beginning
the

Jewish

England.

They

be

indifference

the

lasted

has

any

should

new

Exchange

very

identity which
divergence

to

Bank,

the

out
quickened through-

interests

the

it still

generation

which

Britain,

that

as

was

of

is

became

century,

England

This

State.

which

which

and

increased

alliance

that

Jews

century,

nineteenth

the

the

shows

stock.

of

the

eighteenth

features

speculation

of

causes

and

English

of

Debt,

as

exaggerate),
appeared in

not

institution

The

their

more

this, partly

with

of which

each

under

seventeenth

the

must

we

wealth.
Common-

still

of

financial

Jews.

National

in

and

end

here

(but

novel

of

English

power
of the

the

at

and

knows,

and

concomitantly

of it

effect

an

their

from

numbers,

them

to

everybody

as

Their

wealth,

unknown

excluded

rigorously

was

remained

Jew

to

older
action

cannot

Jewish

POSITION

interests, let alone

the

ENGLAND

IN

JEWS

OF

221

hostilityto them,

new

can

mean.

There

of

were,

came

to

which

he

of

the

had

In

far

so

Jew

position

circumstance,
There

was

Protestant

the

was

tributory
con-

the

morally.

take

in

power

the

of

century.
in

sides

Protestant

Catholic

the

Synagogue

first

take

the

for

against

the

and

the

tradition

Jews.

The
and

strong
to

Jews

the

relics
this

seemed

shrines

of

this

of

should

in

the

middle
the

the

Old

heroes

You

religion.

attitude

One

day.

them

to

that

power
and

Again,

only Protestant, their

steeped in the reading of

Testament.

part.

great

not

were

England

Church

favour

were

epic

played

natural

was

sides

English
classes

it

as

therefore

motive

hostility from
was
possible to

been

it

quarrel

find

in external

shaken

Catholic

the

there

an

badly
England

religious

Between

of

causes

West.

This

to

so

that

fact

yet lost

not

it is

though
the

enjoy
has

other

many

peculiar position which

in
modern
England,

the

to

course,

will

Provincial

add

certain

violence, which

feeling was
persecution
exasperated by hearing of the Jewish
abroad.
should
also further
add
the
One
pride
which
take
in the
modern
feeling
Englishmen
that their country is an
asylum for the oppressed.
Meanwhile
there was
not, until quite lately,any
considerable
body of poor Jews in the country to
excite
the animosity of the
populace. That
was
an
important negative factor in bringing the Jew
within
But
the boundaries
of the English State.
with
all these
factors
fully considered, it remains
national

true

that

position

distaste

the

in

for

main

England

cause
was

of

the

the

accidental

cosmopolitan

Jewish
char-

JEWS

THE

222

English

of

acter

commercial

and

commerce

the

of

character

the

essentially

English State.
shipping began

English
English export and
the globe, the English financial system
cover
it

well.

as

money

market

world.

The

dealer

the

and

Jew

house
as

the
of

the

financial

great commercial

of this

interests

the

the

to

covered

Waterloo

clearing

of

interests

and

after

became

London

As

and
One
more
more.
polity approximated
may
that
tury
cenby the last third of the nineteenth
say
virtually identical.
they had become
economic
enterprise of the British
Every new
State appealed to the Jewish
genius for commerce
abstract
and
especially for negotiation in its most
Jewish
finance.
form
prise,
enterConversely, every
in his
conception of the Jew
new
every
tionary)
revolucosmopolitan activities (until these became
and
appealed to the English merchant
"

banker.
other
into
the
one
things dovetailed
and
fitted
all subsidiary activities
exactly, and
fitted
in as
The
well.
Jewish
agencies of
news
the
nineteenth
England in all
century favoured
well
commercial
her policy, politicalas
they
as
;
opposed those of her rivals and especially those of
her
enemies.
Jewish
The
knowledge of the East
service
of England.
His international
at the
was
was
penetration of the
European
governments
The

also

two

the

With
after

their

the

The

the

Mutiny

hatred

awful
Jew

so

"

led

has

vengeance

might

Jews

them

in

be

an

Empire
ally from

people,

Kussian

the

their

upon

almost

again

were

of

Indian

the

of

hatred

information.

his secret

was

consolidation

traditional

which
so

service

her

at

time

our

former

called

to

wreak

oppressors.

British

agent

Continent

the

upon

and

Near

Far

England

of

IN

JEWS

OF

POSITION

of

extended

power

than

rapidly

more

even

in the

more

economic

the

where

223

still

and

Europe,

East,

ENGLAND

her

politicalpower.
English State as
all that his nation required of the
that one
in which
here enjoyed a situation
He
to be found.
goyim was
he could
the like of which
not
hope to enjoy
All antagonism
in any
other country of the world.
the

Jew

had

died

And

him

to

in

institution
of his

nation

pointed

down.

the

He

marriages began
between

what

territorial

the

two

generations
in

the

were

the

and

trating,
pene-

aristocratic

the
and

country

of

this, with

century those

families

English
was

English

the

Jewish

fortunes.

twentieth

blood

been

of this

the

place, wholesale,

take

to

every
member

subtle

more

once

families

commercial
After

had

of

officer

influence

to

prominent

chief

an

admitted

was

State,

became

and,

Executive,

the

to

strain

of the

which

there
In

exception.
more

strong that though the

of

opening

great territorial
was

no

nearly

less marked,

or

the

in

Jewish

all of them
of them

some

still an

English
and
of a purely English
the traditions
those
name
ter
lineage of the long past, the physique and characand
the
had
become
members
wholly Jewish
of the family were
for Jews
taken
whenever
they
so

travelled

in

countries

yet suffered

or

(which

bridge

the

had

this

century),

Britain, and

there

ultimately

arose

to

were
a

prove

had

gentry

not

admixture.
as

inaugurated

themselves

seventeenth

and

the

institutions,such

Jews

between

was

where

enjoyed

Specially Jewish

name

and

their

Freemasonry
as

hosts

sort

in

of
the

particularly strong in
politicaltradition, active,
of
great importance,

JEWS

THE

224

British
State
the
whereby
as
by foreign governments
the

of

which

took

and

financial

receive

to

shall

We

have

essential

the

to

support
world,

that

imperfect picture

most

the

made

Jews

of action

centre

if

Jews

the

of

benefit

measure

of the

of Christendom

whole

the

which

period

eminence

to

ultimate

nection.
con-

of

regard
omit

we

the

one

island

this

in

the

saw

rise of
their

and

politicaland commercial
English society enjoyed a profound peace.
alliance

system,
for

the

first of

(the

the

secure.

was

Jews

Save

Britain

was

point.

England
During
the

protector

energies throughout

their

as

It

persecution

gradually

country

official

interfere, within

in return

which

causes

this

to

whenever
power,
place in the East

Jewish

the

the

countries.

other

expected

was

of her

in

Jews

tacitly accepted

was

its

incidents

petty
effect

no

ephemeral and
took
place upon
of Monmouth

with

of

of the

south

to the

confined

English

the

border, the

North),

no

the

soil between
II

and

'15

'45

second

hostilities
rebellion

the

and

bombarding
of London
the air during the
from
by the Germans
late
There
has
been
war.
(save for some
quite
security for
insignificant local riots) complete
There
especially for large property.
property and
the
have
been
the
of
middle
since
eighteenth
century

under

James

since

none

the
civil

no

invasion,

no

personal danger
Such

the

conditions

permanent

power,

no

and

middle
war,

from

formed

establishment

for the

commercial

of

confiscations, and

no

of
and

the

tunes
for-

seventeenth

therefore

no

loot:

violence.
an

environment
and

organization of

ideal for

rooting of
a

Jewish

Jewish
base.

POSITION

English fiction
quite specially removed
in

appear

the

Walter

Sir
much

Charles

the

writer

dares

silent.

be

to

all

of

out

type

in

was

part of

the

its

of

historical
in the

clash

English of the Middle

the
right and
Where

the
Jew

non-

The

and

holy
The

in

historian

hostile

European

monster,

the

the

Jew

to

the

hostile

was

cause

politicalposition

educated

class

as

pressed
ex-

appeared
A

the

between

latter

active

convention

Jews

and

Ages the Jews

were
English invariably

struggle was

abroad,

ture
litera-

least, it

Jew's

between

lude
inter-

and

the

is

Jewish

between

of literature.

side

worst

the

at

process

middle

the

But

the

The

literaryart.
time
a
parallel movement

same

that

arose

mind

reach

singular

divorce

as

different

we

the

This

of the

villain
as

flatter

century;

reflection

the
in

the

the

of

end

divorce.

that

the

was

writers

knowledge.
to

to

character,

Jewish

is to

nineteenth

the

upon

on

best

part due

permitted by

At

the

at

popular feeling in

and

of it

do

full

George Eliot
is impeccable.

Jew

The

is

with

but

and

Reade

where

time
any

Twist,

Oliver

as

began

from
advantage
already a hero in
development
was

still have

could

You

it

as

his

to

the

Jew
exalted

an

He

but

Scott,

later.

late
as

mankind.

of

mass

The

as

225

itself,

reflected

literature.

does, in

always

ENGLAND

IN

situation

political

The

JEWS

OF

the

Jew

the

ably
invariwrong.

and

the

exceeded

all bounds.

Jew

to

was

the

senseless

European

was

victim.
whole

far

story of Europe
it

affected

and

of

this

country,

by this very considerable

distorted
factor, was
through suppression, and
false emphasis and
quite exceptional lying.
The
of
knew
general reader
history neither
so

as

was

THE

226

claims

could

that

the

conflict.

one

another,

school

Poland

of the world.
that

Britain

to

country
for

the

Jewish

people,

remote

one.

service
the

all the

in

They

country

of

other

any

Middle

of the

Ages,

nearly comparable
of the

Lords
in

in

swarmed

they

in

Universities,

the

Foreign

the

save

has) its
diplomatic

the

that

(and

entered

offices

duel

the

could

boast

where

the

natural

natural
Such
natural.

was

defects

abilities
a

in

that

Jew

had

law,

whatever

Office

England
always

well

was

not

only
made
Jew

the
in
and

only country
where

received,

least

counted
most

the
the

was

survived.

was

between

and

where

his

It

not

scope.

of affairs could

state

It

popular clamour,
not
England was

distinction

alone

native, but

where

to

that

no

practice, let

his

proportion

representatives of the Jewish

ingly
exceedhave
recently entered) ; they were
powerful in the Press : they were
ful
all-powerthe City.
No
custom
unsympathetic to their

country
the

had

every

there

from

race,

in

in

had

Commons,

Government
even

nation

copying

this

seen

Government

House

of

been

most

They

the

and

House

(and

is

of Jews.

quota

in

power

the end

was

by

in

Jews,

in

race

harbouring and support

the
only parallel, and

English

Every

the

has
at

live

the

nor

own

established

was

process
held
a

that

anything

played

historians

legend
college.
of the

had

for his

advanced
as

numbers,

beyond
when

be

And

end

their

question

the

and

the

At
to

Jewish

part the

what

JEWS

consonant

not

last.
with

was

hidden

but

deep popular tradition or with popular appetites;

it corresponded only to the mood
of one
European
A divergence
classes.
in its wealthier
community

OF

POSITION
between
and

Jew

JEWS

IN

ENGLAND

financial

the

cosmopolitan

the

particularnational

227

interests

of the

of Britain

interests

large scale, though

it did not imperil the country itself,was
a
warning
the
with
It appeared
South
African
of change.
the
end
before
of the
The
campaign
century.
altered.
tion
dissatisfacSome
position of the Jew was
with his power
began to stir. It was
already
itself with
the
muttering and beginning to show
and
maritime
rise of commercial
competition in
the
German
Empire which, in its turn, had
new
all its commercial
become
led, upon
side, by Jews.
bound

was

There

to

War

come.

bound,

was

on

one.

While

it

in the

of the

Great

War,

the

official world, that

who

intimate

most

friendship and
chosen

to

favour

of

the

make

world,

opposed
like

more

on,

that

for here

was

to

as

interests
would

was

state

of

most

within

month

of

to divide
object was
Jews
throughout the

of the

of

been

upon

the

Allies,

neutral, the

the

in

Its

hitherto

Central

the

this

reached

pronouncement

came

war.

convinced,

British

act

the

cause

other

victory.
Though
the

had
the

to

every

and

It

influence'

which

it had

English politicians

famous

Zionism.

general

to

the

great crisis of

the

before

and

taking place,

yet

was

of the

one

reaction

speak for the Jews, who was

with
them
ties of
through manifold
Balfour, was
hospitality,Mr. Arthur

fitted

best

was

be

to

say,

permanent
heat

as

the

Jews

yet closer

whole

because,

were

more

campaigns dragged

Empires
motive,

the

were

the

to the

effect

fortunes

certain

was

of

to

of

tie

"

Israel,

England pledged to support, to defend,

the
special protector over,
peculiar
the
those
interests
Jews, just where
of Christendom
challenge the whole

228

of

and

Islam,

difficult

his

and

had

of

stage
British
the

long

hand

The

shaken.
The

of the

already

Jewish

happened

in

the

term

once

which

had

remarked

crude

the

most

first

strength

open

the

will

merit
now

has

as

was,

human

its
of

often

so

development,
of
for

that

it will

decline

be
is

force
most

power

perilous

to

at

process

any

of

in the

begun

and

interval

and

before

defeat.

problems

Palestine
I

has

remained

establishment

the

conclusion;

emphatic,

come,

alliance

the

Jewry,

manifestation

its

tence
pre-

to

State

with

history

shaken

revolt

bound

was

on

morally

unnatural

an

turning-point

its

reached

its real

But

this

and

classes

inevitable

the

last
the

had

Jews

English

of

story

the

was

although

Palestine,

throughout
and

after

in

the

expressive,

most

its

in

State

alliance

for

Jewish

other.

the

against

demand

of

ruling

of poor

the

England,

between

upon

interlocked

the

action,

of

alliance
its

an

wholly

was

fiction,

shaken,

to

passed,

and

time,

solemn

matter

climax

the

But

officially closely

of

overdue.

was

last

influx

obvious

an

that

said, that

conscience

and

to

Jews

effect

human

and

the

great

mere

way

of

policy

I have

as

and

process

and

in

after

the
State

British

Jew

any

reached

commercial

Already,

was

in

did

it

been

that

one

it.

of the

not

acutely

most

of Zionism,
the

of

support

be

claims.

Jewish

forces

though

power

it would

in favour

the

benefit

coming

where

confirm

to

pledge of
exceptional
to

JEWS

just

declaration

The

THE

turn.

presented
a

separate

by

this

experiment

examination.

To

ZIONISM

XI

CHAPTEE

ZIONISM

possible

every

has

It

there

been

has

in

Palestine
All

Some

of

within

of

them,

Jewish

the

essential

problem

concerned,
which

is

thesis

is

community,
we

issue

at

from

the

the

to

them;

the

native

might

find

should

be

on.

ultimate

evident

far

so

in

The

point

issue.

importance

but

the

or

to

home

apply.

not

advantage
among

discussing

are

do

they

of

injustice

or

of

so

book.

matter

as

the

are

this

be

that

avoid

course,

its

Jews

and

discussions

justice

wrongs

"

is the

Jewish

would

the

elsewhere

or

these

and

whether

to

as

of

debate

it

from

one

concerned

which

among

thesis

to

as

forces

rights

the

debate

its

disadvantage

or

that

purely

race;

Jewish

population

upon

their

to

upon

home

as

discussed

and

the

themselves,

Jews

advantage

been

one,

to

debate

non-

debate

save

argued,

disadvantage
various

has

relates

been

the

among

aspect

which

factor

only

Zionism

of

question

THE

this

book

is

question

one

view

of

the

as

of

our

this:
"

Whether
to

or

Jew

relax
in

That,
that

the

Zionist

the

the

point

that

of

created

strain

midst

and

experiment

view

of

the

non-Jewish
is

only,
we

by

will

may
231

our

tend

to

increase

of

presence

the

world.

and

concern,

examine

the

from

theory

of

THE

232

Zionism

has

which

JEWS
into

emerged

now

attempted

an

practice.
First

let

us

the

The

Jewish
tenth

millions

partly

possible, a

suppose
"
had
say

been

")

as

far

Jewish,"

as
one

is

English."
(to-day we

were

empty

an

city,"
country,

be,

England

chosen

say

"

"

This

"as

as

place

core

should

"

if

sufficiently

are

territorial

State

said,

benefit

millions, counting

habitation.

Jewish

tried.

were

would

race)

chosen,

be

the

Now,
may

has

exponents

the

fixed

own,

might
purely

Israel

fringe,who

with

it

wherever

of its

Jewish

have

of their

country

experiment

(some twelve

one

to

were

"

the

is that

theory

make

to

how

or

Zionist

of its many
those of the

its

general implications:
necessary
Zionism
involves,
implications which

where

matter

no

consider

almost

or

veloped
unde-

and

supposing the Jews had found

that
of
their own
people could bear the expense
reaching that place with sufficient capital, and of
colonizing it in large numbers.
Supposing a small
country,

of

State
to

be

million

thus

to

formed,

independent in
immediately arises
be

that

what

its actual

question
throughout the
citizens

as

of

in

any

case

they

such, with

willed

or

that

and

no,

without

or

of

citizens

as

the

registered
consent
of

registered

?
person
be the status

would

territorial
more

themselves

regard

to

regarded

the

much

character,

State?

as

this

in
The

sense.

the Jews

Would

half inhabitants

Jewish

wholly
fullest

the

State, whether

If not,

and

"

(a) permitted
(b)

be

to

and

world

million

unit, which

than
seat

and

symbol

he
of

establishment

of the
had
his

Jew

chosen

national
?

outside
to

be

unity-

ZIONISM

233

question which, so far as I have

the
hesitates
watched
to
discussion, everybody
will have
face ; yet that
is the question which
to
later as the main
be faced
politicalcrux
or
sooner
is the

That

that

Observe
a

affair.

whole

the

of

wherein

State

people

repudiate such
chief pioneers

even

or

shall

idea

an

of

question

no

whole

the

Jewish

of the

is

there

the

great

No

one

reside.

vigorously

more

The

of Zionism.
ridicule

establishing
would
the

than

of Jews

mass

impracticable and
refuse
it as
extremely undesirable.
They live and
they desire to live following their present interests
in the
nations
whom
dispersed.
they are
among
They live and they desire to live the semi- nomadic
would,

of

life,the

by

course,

international

in

call instinctive
them

desire

such

and

to

as

life,which
which

tradition, and

every

it

great

mass

those

life, especially

the

now

almost

greater part of
which

careers

tne

theirs

become

might

one

Also

them.

pursue

has

of

careers

of

go

with

negotiation
only feel the

intermediary work.
-They not
advantage of such a position,they also feel a need
and
appetite for such a condition.
Whatever
form
Zionism
might have taken before
it appeared in its present experimental form, whatever
said of the theory in the past, this point
was
was
always capital:
The
Jews
would
remain
nation
as
a
as
they were,
all the peoples. The
Zion was
moving among
new
than
fixed rallyingpoint, an
lished
estabto be no
more
a
but
do

small

territorial nationhood,

than

proclaim
therefore, necessarily,that
more

no

outside

the

such

settlement

territorial

their
the

been

It

unity.
great

settlement,

had

which

formed,

follows,
of Jews,

mass

would

should

have, after
to

obtain

JEWS

THE

234

definition

of

their

definition

that

politicalcharacter.

myself the
precisely what

be

it has

in

been

it is

to-day,

rather, what

or,

nations

nation

time.

is

It

answer:

is,the Jew

in the

the

for

be

to

would

That

full national

the

"

Jews

Occidental

the

past generation."
as

is

be ?

to

I think
to

What

Nothing

during the
is to be regarded
in which
he happens
shall

him

debar

in that
nation.
He
position whatever
shall
regarded in exactly the same
light as all
the other
citizens, and, conversely, he shall obtain
there
is conscripno
privilege. In countries where
tion,
for instance, he shall be a conscript like
body
anyhe
else ; where
nation
in
which
a
happens to
he shall be compelled to
find himself
to war,
goes

from

any
be

his

risk

life for

happens

other
citizen.
any
before
the
to
war

two

or

year

in

settled

it like

the

enemy's country, then he

equally compelled to fight for the enemy

his

former

shall

He

country.

in

but

moment,

special relation

some

He

and,

he

and
of

in

count

the

"

definition

it, if

He

of

not

or
owes

from

be

the

Jewish

shall

be

against
with

the

settled
is

be

for
have

to

State.

be

placed

that
in

indeed

that

new

State

the

member

of it.

its fortunes

failure.
it

of

conduct

personally
regard himself

success

is to

he

time

same

with

alone

may

himself

the

have

(certainly in practice
sion
right, in legal decisions)eligiblefor admisthat
city,for office in it. His opinion is to

to

to

at

he

respect

every

regarded, by a legal fiction, as identical

in which
he happens to be
community
the

If

He

nor

the

world.

is inevitable
"

as

He

be

cannot

moral

is to
the

from

allied

dissociate

indifferent

kind.

he

He

personally

in effect be

must

allegiance of

State, wherever

its

to

loyal to
He

it.

will

ZIONISM

Irish

of

men

and

in the

the

Jew

It

will

remain

generation,

vivacious.

expressed on
writing by the

ideal

if the

it is admitted

to

is left in
in

in

people,

and

will

be

evil to them

than

any

relief
Jewish
one

will

It

the

of

of

separate

nation

its

as

race,

to

country

one

in

and

condition

that

of

source

(and

will

its defences

no

permanent

more

could

other

policy they
emphasize that

it must
allegiance which
if the Jewish
problem is

existence

time.

practice in that condition),

grievous prejudice to the Jewish

be

it will result

The

The

from

pass

with

diminish

of

case

side in conversation
every
Jews
who
support it.

it

soften

particular

not

clung

has

one

That

undertaken.

which

body, generation after

the
fixed
polity settled in the
certainly is the ideal, as I hear

make

with

Zion.

of dual

the

ever

will

Well,

in

But

components

another,
New

race

allegiance will

this

individual

to

of their

land.

its native

to

States,

remnant

position as are
Colonies, in England,
the surviving and
now
same

the

in

descent

United

increasing

the

much

in

be

necessarily

235

Zionist

of
be

the

upon

be

State

character

longer

to

point
object to

very

their

be

able

solved.

will
the
to

have

bring
Jew.

The

depend

indifference

into

or

for
the

its hosts.
widely present among
Whereas
before
the
experiment was
attempted,
of those
could
hosts
forget the difference
many
him
between
and
had
them, many
no
experience
of it and
remarked
it without
its affecting
many
their attitude
towards
the Jew ; after the
ment
experihas been put in practice there must
necessarily
be a change.
To
in
could
instance, no
give a concrete
one

ignorance

his anger

still

say

to

Jew,

"

You

disturb

our

repose

THE

JEWS

alien

element

in

it."

For

236

are

you

an

must

leave

same

time

But
you
a

have

in the

of any
nation

and

The

with

"

number

once

say

"

the nationals

citizens

the

are

exists,

not

are

exile.

of

Jewish

locality,an organized State,

suggestion of exile changes its meaning.

to

of the

solution

he

than

will

the

able

now

and

that

say

to

you

say

be

may

unless

"Go

very

other

some

legal fiction of full citizenship in

of moral
is
allegiance to another

and

country

is

Jew

country,"

own

your
that

certain

one

who

at the

was

known

opponent

back

considerable

nation, but

other

the

then

world

State

you

universal

to

national

half Jews

that, he

his victim

established

an

million

if lie meant

condemning

once

community

our

dropped.
The

presence

Jewish

people

will

whole

the

of

emphasize

the

century

in what

"

But

it

not

will

which

called

I have

the

"

the

them

to

any
is

There
taken

the

as

Poles

as

English

as

at

one

any

attitude

the

Jew

indignity
whole

tion
atten-

nineteenth

Liberal

time

"

toward

from

up

very

distinct

subject
account
.

as

the

French,

Israel, and
to

nations,
a

whole,

Italians, the

different

generation

to

solution

various

The

tion
solu-

tried

to

that

sufferingon
Roumanians

the

take

refuse

yet

this.
the

"

whole,

whole

varies

or

than

more

and

but

alien

and

carefully put in the background and

forget. It will militate against an honest
which
would
completely
recognize the
of

be

inevitably

"

character

cover

It will concentrate

things

It

picture.

individual

the

the

for

It will

activity.

whole.

do

it will

them;

whole.

those

for

does

separation,

all

upon

Jewish

the

of the

character

to

will

Zion

new

frame

field of

fraction

what

universal

be

not

the

of

in

attitudes
each

the

generation;

ZIONISM
there

is
our

units

always,

which

hostile

openly

are

the

to

national

of

them,

among
presence
and
determined,

activities

ing
history, includ-

number

certain

of

time

one

any

time,

own

his

at

237

Jew,

ting
regret-

restricting
all, to

above

his

separate

sharp legal definition if possible,at any

social practice, from
the rest of
rate
by universal
the
community.
these
hostile
Now
possibly be
peoples cannot
using the weapon
prevented from
put into their
the
of a new
hands
Zion, with
by the existence
It is difficult
just defined.
implications I have
countries
where
for the
Jewish
now
enough even
still
finance
controls
the politicians(and these
are
the most
powerful countries) to restrain the antiIt is only
Jewish
feelings in the lesser nations.
rules
done
which
imperfectly
are
by elaborate
felt in these smaller
nations
obeyed and which
are
be
with
their
to
imposed by alien interference
domestic
rights. The protection by the French,
American
Governments
of what
English and
are
called
"national
minorities"
by a euphemism
which
of course,everywhere the Jews
is a
means,
which
perilous affair,and one
can
only be carried
it is.
out
most
But
the one
imperfectly even
as
him, by

"

"

foundation
its

for that

appeal
minority"
community

promoters

"national
in

task, the

If

they
have

you

that

"

hostile

turn

can
none

treatment

neighbour,
emigration

them

only

of their
of the

own

Jews

you

are

over

your

can

"

out

leave

is

to,

in

for
to

the

that

Jews

plead

universal

another
go

fact

is, the

order

to.

is harsher

which

argument

one

to

suppress

country.
Or

again,

than

that

virtually directing a
neighbour's borders,

the

present
exile.

them,

They
if your
of your
Jewish
and

to

THE

238

that

an

this

argument

then

to

tell these
contain

the

answer

that

whole

it is not
but

race

only

object.

to

the

It

Jewish

with

its

is

reply

no

Jewish

new

State
will

It

race.

with

concerned

But

is established,

seat

ground.

that

nations
the

right

Jewish

falls to

cannot

Jewish

has

neighbour
independent

your

once

JEWS

the

whole

section

of that

always

be to the

interest

rid of the

Jewish

own

race.

Further,
of those

it will of
desire

who

in their midst
be

peopled

more

for

no

State,

new

allow

to

us

shall

leave

be

Again,

can

say

for

the

whole

we

will not

hostile

those

"

midst

room

to

Very

mass

deal

out

Jewish
In

of

in

present

state

their

the

Since

our

Jews

the

whole

with

suggest that such and such

State, where
our
they are

community
the

to

well.

And
shall go to their own."
the
whose
exile would
Jews

and

element

that the Jewish

State could
argue
and
that
there is plenty of room

citizens.

more

in their
is

to

course

there

in your
mass

individuals
not

they
most

Jews

wanted,

would

pick

weaken

the

midst.

of affairs, with

the

Cabinets

London
and
Paris
still
Washington,
finance, they have,
heavily influenced
by Jewish
for the
them
moment,
a
military force behind
sufficient to impose their orders
in some
measure
nations
the reluctant
of Eastern
Europe and
upon
artificial protection
in some
to create
measure
an
if this protection were
there.
for the Jews
Even
to last another
generation (which is unlikely), the
I have
of Zionism, interpreted in the sense
presence
its
be
just quoted, would
enough to undermine
of
On
work.
change in the situation, in case
any

of

Eome,

any

conflict

any

change by

these

between
one

or

more

Western
of them

of
or
powers,
in its attitude

ZIONISM
the

towards

of the

interpreted, would

thus

Zionism,

Jews,

ruin

the

be

239

Centre

in the

Jews

and

East

of

The
danger is of such
great practical
Europe.
importance that it ought to be the very first matter
It is only our
for discussion.
acquired habit of
falsehood

and

which

has

nature

of

would
laid

general

Whether
Jewish

it be

State

Israel

discuss.

to

decide

in favour

decide

also

for the

purely

that

is clear
or

But
of its

in favour

purely
advantage

have

to

no

of

it be

selves
safely left to the Jews themthing is certain : if they
one
continuance, then they must
of

Jewish

enough.

recognition

of

form

some

nationalityof

the Jews

outside

State.

Thus

only

therefore

to

the

same

be

can
or

will

the

innocuous.

conditions
is at

be

solution

some

be ?

to

whether

may

it

insistent.

advantage

mean

the

In

front, and

the

the lines of

character
of

(I

no)

or

lines

those

are

to

come

to have

problem

Jewish

background.

it becomes

before

Their

he

it must

things

be far better

What

to

upon
it in the

thrust

down

the

secrecy

at

Jew

If

maintain
time
the

where

the

the
Jew

old
and
a

Eussian,

they will be trying to

quite other than those

become

or

fiction

Jew
a

an

and

it under

of the

past, and

Jew,

and

Jew

will

that
a

maintain

falsehood

the

not

yet

and

open

under

they try

time

same

and

situation

new

Jew
that

man,
Englishan

Italian,

conditions
under

break

down

ditions
con-

in

practice.
such
make
to
Suppose you
recognition
were
partly voluntary, and leave it to the Jew wherever
he might be to claim or not to claim
his nationality
be
to
Jew;
as
a
regarded, if he so willed, as a
national

of the Jewish

nation

in

Zion,

or

as

national

THE

240

of the
for

people

the

JEWS
he

whom

among

You

moment.

happened

may

that

say

it be

would

true

of either

of

the

East

of

true

East

any

future, any
But
apart

the

I suppose,
for
Zion.
under
the

the

West;

Would

it be

of persecution

moment

if it be

Even

not.

this

true

not
certainly would
Jews
suffering there, in

it

to-day,
body of
degree of
from

East

in

West

or

it would

think

of

true

living

under

purely voluntary system (which would,

be
choose
just) very few would
more
like to go on
The
great majority would
is certainly true
old fiction.
That
of
but

be

to

be
the

molestation.

Supposing but a small

of this voluntary form
minority availed themselves
of recognition,supposing only a small
minority to
claim
Jewish
of
nationality as defined in the terms
the

Zionist

between

those

who

other

maintenance

any

breakdown),
world

as

State

or

they are
My whole

denied
takes

must

have,

separate

will

remains

consideration
a

to

rely upon

very

upon

its

own

the

without

separate

truth
if

for

the

And

people.
be

other.

should

be

nized
recog-

it

is

shirked

or

Reality always

unreal

pretence.
with

of

ist
Zion-

New

cannot

revenge.

is also

kind.

accelerate

must

in connection

which

Zionism

through Zionism, an
treating Jews
throughout

this

upon;
take
its

contrast

(of which

people, they

is that

different

of

it,

the

publicly proclaimed
and
those
who
hung
of a general admitted

fiction
force

its revenge

There

old

within

acted

it

short

tendency to
being, whether

plea

and

Zion

other

you

accelerated

of

the

still be

thus

words,

of

than

the

had

nationals

In

more

would

State, there

themselves
back.

that:

Zionism

another

importance, though

Is the

new

Jewish

military strength

and

State
its

own

ZIONISM

241

police though perhaps guaranteed (for what that

is it
be worth) by international
or
agreement
may
and
be
to
protected State occupied, defended
a
policed by the strength and fighting qualities of
Jews
not
of men,
kind
other
Englishmen,
some
"

"

"

Frenchmen

what

or

not

particular solution attempted,

the experiment is
of which
the particular Zionism
in Palestine, plumps for the second
now
being made
natives
is
from
The
solution.
protection of Jews
It
to be undertaken
by a garrison of Englishmen.
adverse
as
plumps for this solution under conditions
be.
The
present experiment is,
they well can
as
end of the last chapter, not
noted
at the
an
as
we
State, national, guaranteed,
independent Jewish
strength; but a protected State ;
standing in its own
Great
nation:
and
that State
protected by one
does
Zion
not
Britain.
The
depend for its
new
for its establishment
internal
against highly
peace,
hostile
forces, for the ex-propriation of the local
between
landowners, for the keeping of the peace
elements
local
to
itself, upon
highly hostile
It depends
and
Jewish
soldiers
Jewish
courage.
British
soldiers, British
organization and
upon
who
have
British
Those
sacrifice.
promoted the
the
Zionist
deliberately chosen
experiment have
for such
moment
worst
folly.
a
very
As

know,

we

that

Granted
he

be

must

could

have

the

whoever

friendly Protector,

been

devised.
in its

morally guaranteed
the
of

balance
the

rule
And

;
an

of the

neutrality
on

the

no

of

was

have

solution

The

is
if

always
only by

violation

nothing of a
odious
exception.
been
just as much

offers
an

Protector

worse

independence,

Belgium

it would

the

little nation

greater nations.

contrary, it

exception

be

to

was

THE

242

if the

neutrality had

under
of

Prussia's

which

the

be very
nations
envy
I

same,

seat,

it be

be

its

of the

established,

instance,

for

depend

is full, will

true

of the
by men
culture; presenting to
for

nations,

have,

we

long lease of life. The larger

applaud their security and happiness.
be allowed
The
not
to disappear.

think, would

does,

smaller

mainly
as

The

world

modern

will

could

officially
guaranteed

hand.

own

but

They

been

not

certain,

may

JEWS

inhabited

wholly

race,

religion and

Jewish
world

the

national

Jewish

the

Denmark

aspect

same

But

to-day.

establishment

the

upon

or

to

superior

the

military and financial sacrifice,of

another
totally different people, is a challenge
and
It is the building of the pyramid
a provocation.
It is an
upwards from its apex.
experiment in the
unstable
of unstable
most
equilibriums.
The
matter
is, of course,
being discussed
where
everyfrom
the point of view
of Great
Britain, and
nowhere
those
have
who
more
eagerly than among
the armed
to do the policingand
protection. But

power,

we

upon
and

here

not

are

situation
ill that

have

must

the

is bound
the

themselves.

as

break

to

the

Great

on

experiment

with

with

concerned

Britain

down

"

interests
that
a

to

we

protectorate,
If there

alliance

were

between

are

so

torate
Protec-

rather

cerned
con-

the Jews
it may
have
upon
will
sacrifice
its
great nation

"

to

the

We

say:

Look

yours.

is where

effects

effect

No

is bound

"

British

merely

foreign policy, will admit a point of

Sooner
simply to please the Jews.
nation

ill effects such

perilto

comes

any

the

or

weakness,
later

such

sacrifice

cannot

after
the

acute

yourselves."

Jews

of this

our

And

system,

in.
reason

British

to

suppose
Army and

the

natural

Jews;

ZIONISM
could

if we
a

natural

imagine

243

British

and

officers

Arab

the

pleasure in ousting

and

be another
for the Jew, it would
way
there
of
were
something in the nature

that

made

Jews

alliance

were

fully accepted

Commonwealth
the

Welsh,

as

permanent

some

should

last

it last

transition

be

another

to

violent
mere

with
made

have

beginnings

of

avoided

makes

of the
cannot

British

from

Or

or

might

be

The

sort.

And

last.

how

shall

How

British

Scots

connection,

other?

any

how,

already been
the
experiment,
the

the

arrangement

the

protectorate

hatreds

which

So

with

which

British

the

of

part

possible. But they are nothing

It
position is wholly unnatural.
if it cannot

things

instance,

for

are,

If

matter.

stable, if the

and

permanent

taking
making

men

protectorate

the

Protectorate

seeing what
roused
by the
shall

the

flict
con-

be

necessary

is very
position, which
far-reaching, and
already very
deep in England,
is a passive dislike.
No
English soldier has yet
been
killed ; there
has been
but little necessity, as
yet, to repress the Arab and create hostility,though
little necessity there has been
odious
what
even
was
remain
But
to the troops concerned.
things cannot
in

far the

that

the
been

dislike

conflict

conflict
the

comes

passive

tolerate

The

state.

of the

will become

When

is inevitable.

hitherto

has
feeling which
active.
People

will

not

quarrel
which
is none
of theirs, which
cannot
possibly
strengthen the British State ; which, if anything,
weaken
it ; which
is felt to be precarious and
must
will be undertaken
ephemeral, and which
against
those
with
whom
British
naturally lies,
sympathy
and

in

the

loss of

favour

of

sons

those

and

with

brothers

whom

in

the

average

JEWS

THE

244

soldier

has

"

The
If

citizen

and

then

the

professional politician
ties and
no
sympathy.
be very
plainly put thus:
can
advisable,
experiment is necessary,
or

no

matter
a

unlike

Zionist

let it be

"

in such

made

fashion

that

it

be

can

Jewish
police and a Jewish
upon
army
Let it not
a
rely upon
foreign protectorate,
will not
is a weakness
last long, which
to

dependent
alone.
which
the

directing
position.
If it be

and

power,

that

answered

which

the

creates

Jews

capable
such
a
or
police, that
and
defeated
oppressed
warlike
majority among

of

not

are

producing such an army

inevitably be
they would
by the hostile and more
find themselves,
then
whom
they would
it
make
the experiment elsewhere.
But
that

the

the

present

perilous

most

chosen

for

it,

of the

form

the

as

let

them

is certain

Protectorate

new

which

form

far

so

false

could

is

have

been

themselves

Jews

are

future
appeal confidently to the near
this judgment.
confirm
to
From
most
one
poignant aspect of the matter
in mind
I deliberately abstain
which
all have
we
I mean
Christian
the effect of the experiment upon
and
Mohammedan
feelings throughout the world
concerned.

"

of

attempt

an

Holy
aroused
of

Places.

to

establish
abstain

by it, which
the

are

control

Jewish

violent

and

emotions

the

of

because

the

over

universal, and

deliberately determined,
as
Preface
has informed
the reader, to keep out
of
my
this
not
are
Things indeed
yet at the point
essay.
of open
quarrel in this most
perilous of all the
are

results
before
reached

sort

I have

of Zionism.
it is too
if

we

We

late, but
select

for

must

that

trust

for

solution

discussion

solution

will not

matters

be

upon

ZIONISM

which

there
is

there

it

in

If
in

dead

they

refrain
it

made

ruler
will

do

less

the
and

than

more

no

worthy

certain

in

glory

prominence
that

the

to

that

say

of

is

one

mistake,

one's

first

to

I
shield

to

natural
take

even

may

too

them

protect

them

Jews

their

is

it is indeed

of

the

upon

Palestine.

race

able

and

world

I have

desire

give

to

for
in

One

that

whole

Jews

Christians

But

is
the

of

"

specimens

outsiders.

from

elsewhere

praiseworthy.

even

here
"

by

and

Arabs

ing,
lessen-

disillusioned.

comment

enough
made

bear

to

be

to

even

emotions

religious
or

point,

book

my

terribly

making

strongly

the

of

the

world,

from

selection

strange

believe

themselves

find

this

of

feeling.

that

discussing

readers

modern

the

may

also

they

which

on

passionate

most

from

Jewish

mind.

be

to

the

I abstain

the

beg

and

agreement,

no

aroused

now

Still, though
would

be

can

245

great

deplorable

from

crowds

of

"

Jews

eminent

known

for
Mr.

careers

administration,

their

upright

Balfour's

and

political

dealing
Jewish

and

advisers

"

they

were)

the

Marconi

famous
no

in

should

pitched
and

contract

declaration

politician

have

had

in

the

touched

the
House
Marconi

on

the

spokesman
of

Commons
shares.

science,

blameless

(whoever
author
of

of
the
that

CHAPTER

XII

OUR

solution

THE

could
is

which

stable

only

the

the

the

is

It

believe

greater,

side

our

further

demands

upon

than

and
if

fall,

more

that

of

duty

in

upon

marked

so

We

could

or

and

laws,

if

we

the

instruments

become

instruments

European
be

the

are

has

organism
We

moves.

of

makers

the

makers

are,

our

of

other

attitude

is

by

own

our

their

purely
the

own

in

and

all the

and

part
work

stranger.

false

but

some

one

with,
249

soon

the

wherein

Jewish

interference

which

oppression,

negative

accuse

sibility
respon-

perpetually

guidance

their

only

the

be

to

problem

is not
men

of

side,

for

all

throw

to

for

done

When
themselves

custom

imagine

to

That

we

the

certainly

devising

to

which

reaction,

minority

chose,

we

are

upon

the

small

it is the

know

general

wretched

moods.

political
I

majority,

this

be

that

centuries.
vast

which

within

responsibility

again

persecution,

many

the

are

the

that

once

up

his

do

must

him

upon

take

ill- ease,

of

sequence

it is

we

who

man

average

matter,

will

has

which

and

believe

guests.

our

of

which

propose,

one,

effort

necessary

stable,

made

be

DUTY

grossly

than

weaker
and

nified.
undig-

even

of

JEWS

THE

250

them
over,
power
It is in the main
our

has

so

of
irritant

the

the

strain

Here

of that

it

which

let

however

equilibrium
sixty generations
who

we

irritant and

of

have

in

relieving

causes.

recall

me

an

selves.
them-

alien, however

it is

foreign body be,

the solvent

hands

our

For

debate.

fault if

in all these

reached

rarely been

condemn

they

acquiring

at

risk

the

of

repetition(for

to
lucidity in such argurepetition is necessary
ments)
I opened this
with which
the logicalprocess
I say that the vast
majority, the fixed race
essay.
nomadic
form
Israel
in fluid and
through which
moving from century to century, is not free to
goes
of those
discharge its responsibility by any
one
solutions
which
I have
condemned.
attempted
the cynicism to say that
I trust, will have
No man,
mere
persecution, let alone its horrible extreme, is
be a solution.
No
should
man
can
predict the
or
No
of exile either.
man
can
discharge our
same
solution
responsibility by pretending that
any
arrived
be for our
at
must
good alone and may
live among
who
disregard that of those
us.
It is a statement
hears
one
frequently enough

that

the

shall be
the

of house

masters

alien

their

under

done

element, has

no

alone

have
roof

that

to

the
and

standing

decide

what

interloper,
no
right to

be taken
for
measures
complain of whatever
may
the
The
protection of the household.
thing so
It is
plausible. It is essentiallyfalse.
put sounds
the
to
applied to private
comparable
argument
that because
private property is a right,
property
"

and

with

that

his own,"
hurt

for

when

"

because

therefore

of others.
a

man

man

is

do

may
he

Moreover,

talking

of

the
"

he

it to the

use

may

what

analogy

the

master

likes
fest
mani-

is false
of the

DUTY

OUE
"

house

its
is

to decide
right in his household
living and of treating its guests, he

the

having

own

of

way

considering

in

unit

small

very

household

his

251

whole

the

in

great

munity;
com-

nation:

body which, if it discharge or in any other way

deal with
something alien to itself, will inflict no
that
foreign body, since there is
great injury upon

little

for it to

world

all the

relations

between

and

Islam,

Jew

that

turn

can

minority
to regard
those

to

grotesque
remember

"

Jew

and

is

duty

when

dictate

to

assumes

to

imposed

that

But

Christendom,
"

outside

no

indeed

is true

It

to

parallel fails.

the

is

there

because

the

outside.

turn

the

is

It

in

the

or

the

precisely

which

the

exile

us.

on

small

policy

alien

and
of the

rest,

advantages alone and subordinate

advantages the life of all, the claim

its

own

and

the

upon

disallowed.

be

must

other

But

should

we

it is

that

side

is

only by

live at
exaggerating its claim that a minority can
all.
its light
It is only by fierce insistence
upon
is guaranteed.
that its survival
We
to survive
can
arrive at justice in this matter
of
by the process
in the
shoes
of those
in relation
putting ourselves
whom

to

Put

propose
yourself in the

this

doctrine

own"

and

stir

being

"

the

look

to

few
serve

Jew,

Dr.

months
as

Oscar

Levy,

community,

was

circumstances

will recall

He

of the

what

master

you.
which

before

text.

act.

shoes

doing

public example

may

any
under

"

of

would
A

to

we

A
a

one

Jew

and

likes

of one's

ask

with
own

how
one's

hold"
house-

rightly made
a
this book
published,
was
and
learned
distinguished
man

turned

which

very

who
out

many

was

of

of

an

the
my

asset

to

country
readers

pleaded with perfectjusticethat

as

THE

252

Jew

such

exile

an

original country
citizen
be

can

which

he

had

which,
and

be

used

against

Jew.

is

of it.

no

You

of

this

nation

no

there

member
in

is

There

returned:

have

those

of

which

it is too

the
the
one

Jew

and

indeed

how

see

harbour

of the

be

the

which

men

answer,

All

are

and

that

problem,
life of
upon

No,

so

of

not

"

or

is
not

men

them,

and

what

upon

no

interests
and
That

merely
make

no

grown
become

have

with

What

state

all

to

some

Will
"

you

If each

collectively
"

say,

These

conspire
they may
are
divergent from
clash

do

to

with

ours."

stating the
in daily
we
say
grievances, harp
right ?
put them

merely

their

effort

to

do
is

"

terms

answer

Their

it.

remain

to

have

put,

not," then

therefore

may

as

you

therefore

be

and

granted.
solving

who

and

must

I will

therefore

have

Could
there
change.
It is
injustice?
grosser
problem that somewhere

It is

us,

could

you

to

whole

oppressors.

againstus,"
ours

if

thing

consonance

your

harboured,

him, and

become

or

question
"

man

this

that

the

society to receive
not
are
permitted

life, and

cruelty

must
us

to

nationality

save

man,

to

late for you

core

very

of

later

your

grosser

that

him

the

him

compatriots.
why such rigour

with
which
atmosphere
you
familiar, in the surroundings which

be

and

his

reason

his shoes

in

yourself

looks.

Jews

not,

his true

many

conceivable

was

Put

so

no

was

should
he

in

contemptible

There

what

or

used
his name,
of those subterfuges
nor
any
when
excusable,
are
even
dangerous

changed

nor

that

attached

hidden

never

the

nominally

was

not

had

that

fiction

would

his interests, his livelihood

country

he

Austrians,

or

themselves)

be

homeless

broken-down

Germans,

to

cease

left him

of

the

(under

JEWS

do

What

think

we

make

effort

no

DUTY

of

who

men

253

perpetuallycomplain
its necessities

understand

to

without

of
only to rid themselves
considering reciprocal duty

relations

attempt

modern

power,
than

weaker

in

part
It

in

are

consists,

in

at

midst

our

exaggerated

our

far

mercy,

situation.

and

be

should

of what

let
principle,

moral

who

an

consider

us

task.

two

two

allied lines

but

pledge

must

we

different

very

different

very

which

to

in

conceive,

I
:

conduct

of those

and

numbers

elaboration

the

determinations
of

ultimately

and
political

obvious
our

is

mutual

and.

community

domination

and

nuisance

the

think

we

its

we

further

Without

Jewish

the
all

for

which,

should

same

towards

act

so

The

themselves,

than

weaker

naturally

something

of

OUR

ourselves.

difficult, is the
recently the most
determination
to
people as
speak of the Jewish
much
interest,
as
openly, as continuously, with
examination
with
close an
as
we
speak of any
as
other
we
are
brought in
foreign body with which
The

first,until

contact.
The

second,

difficult

duty

whom

we

reaction.

mere

reaction.
a

thing

animal
either

practise

to

individual

avoid, in the
with

The

must

mean

presses

return

blow,

ourselves

or

delivered;

futile

rage,

the

unless

those
the

futile
two

more

future, will be

to

of those

and
all
live, all futile anger
reaction, blind
by mere

the

back

others,
futile

the

against

uncalculated
of

consequences

to

which,

weighed

not

are

and

complaint,

the

cruelty.

duties

determination

thrusting
us,

the

it is

the

public recognition

on

when

Unless

in

the

be

perhaps

instinctive

which

to

will

which

are

to

undertaken

practise

together,
both

be

of

THE

254

the

equal weight,

JEWS

solution

will fail.

I propose

To

of
problem presented by the presence
of
the Jewish
would
people, to talk of them
as
one
other, openly and
frankly, to interest oneself
any
in their
in their history and
present doings: all
if we
this is only to aggravate the trouble
that
use
of doing them
hurt,
dealing for the purpose
a
open
allow ourselves
of it, we
if,in the course
or
(merely
the

discuss

from

irritation

all must

have

against

of

them

opposition

without

ultimate

and

but

to

avoid

to

The
it

whole

seed

of

of

situation.

The

made

contempt

let

lie in

regard their
of
possible occasion
with
them, is quite
relation
by secrecy
to

in, there
with

to do

the

look

us

in the

at

these

matter,

in with

comes

oneself

position

is

with

and

falsified, the
the

animosity greatly stimulated,

have

we

comes

dissatisfaction

mutual
Now

every

that

moment

the

selves
them-

to

convention.

secret

only

react

ate
immedi-

of the

not

just measure
falsifythe whole

we

false

and

consideration

determination

the

and

if

which

sense

things alien)to

consequences

conflict, to hold
useless

to

the

us.

Conversely,
interests

from

contrast,

or

danger

inevitable.
two

and

of what

branches
see

what

difficulties

way.

frankly recognizing, examining,

in the Jewish
interest
minority in
taking an open
midst
there
lie three
powerful obstacles.
our
very
the
inherited
of polite society;
First
convention
the most
powerful, fear ; and
secondly, and much
avoid
desire
to
thirdly, the
reputable
very
In

the

of

way

offence.
The
many

of

first
roots

"

these, the

the

fear

of

convention,

necessity for harmony

in

has

leisured

DUTY

OUK

is, the desire

life,that

the

habit,

from

come

which

make

or

of

is

than

force

which

lies

force

which

makes

in the

street

driest

the

on

convention

of

and

is to break

with

is broken

once

with

distinct

of

or

"

unless

conventions,
for

and

unsolved

us

the

Difficult

is

it

as

convention

this

growing

and

thing

Jewish

all, the

from

problem

in acuteness

peril.

and

You

meet

can

Italian

when

tell him

Liberal

much

of these

any

Jew

is monstrous.

ask

some

upon

solecism

perhaps
in nine

to

earlier

refer

now

and

times

out

him

to

convention
I

understand

have

things

audience

under

arose

devoted

of this book

part

natural
Your

national

for

which

to

"

very

learned

his

but

in the

an

Italy, or congratulate a
acquisition of your tongue or

fiction

space

ask

can

last in

was

customs

own

the

he

You

nation.

his
upon
that it is difficult

Frenchman

your

his

of

him

with

discuss

and

Irishman

an

conditions

the

do

charity
convention
only.

fear

off

take

out
walking withday, that is,
the thing to

"

feeling

all

behind

man

his

forbids

which

church,

more

cause,

of general practice. But

pressure
I mean
realize is that in this form
as

remains

and

powerful

the

as

the

any

understood
mis-

his eyes

in

other,
the

boots

other,

have

we

course,

convention,
in

may

the

also, of

any

his hat

which

upon

whom
person
ridiculous
us

quiet

audience.

our

There

the

offend

may

those

casting ridicule

side

one

of

momentum

mere

the

at

even

misunderstanding

of

fear

friction

avoid

to

the

of truth,

expense

255

in the

so

that

"

case

is shocked

to

of

if you

public table a question

literature
history. It is a
or
his
to
nationality at all, save
then
of foolish praise
in terms
of ten praise not to the point and
Jew

at

"

desired

its

recipient. And
most
gingerly.

by
approached

not

be

Jew

JEWS

THE

256

in

he

information, whether
Galicia

or

who

those

distressed

when

his

countries.

family

to

came

recent

arrival, what

whole

thing

desire

You

he thinks

Lithuania

him

if he

nor,

of the

of

ask

not

may

England,

for

conditions

of the

him

ask

not

may

your
in
cousins

had

told

have

You

keen

however

London,

praise must

even

be

The

country.

is taboo.

expected (or
until quite recently expected) to emphasize
were
the complete identity
in a most
extravagant manner
whom
of your
Jewish
guest with the people among
than

More

he

lives.

this

you

do

must,

take

not

are

you

if

offence

French
my
is interested

acquaintance, noting
about
as

did

Kedmond

most

editor

him

ask

question.

those

when

insulted

him,

with

matters

when

horrified

you
But

in the

he

left

at

the

Florence,

ill-breeding of

of the

matter

nor

Jew

there

off from
cutting you
any
of dealing
simple way
straightforward and
fellow- being.
That
convention, I say, must
a

this

be

broken

and

to

convention

down

if

establish

we

are

to

get

permanent

not, of course,
thing was
in origin. No
It
is.
custom
several
grounds.
upon

First, there
to

the

was

cherish

so

fact

strong

that
an

results

any

at

all

peace.

The

known

Mr.

country.

acute

you
around

those

with

most

if

shocked

such

me

difficultyin politics,to the

The
general allusion to the Abbey Theatre.
Italian review
of an
visitingEngland is not
the

from

your
stands

to

experience

my

that

Irish

discussed

in London

met

are

in

in
ago
feel himself

not

talks

name,

conscript long

he

and

France,

chance

some

entirely irrational
was

many

to

be

excused

people

hostilityto

Jews

were

that

DUTY

OUR

Then

there

of Jewish
the

I have

whether
you

had

might

be

again,

or,

nomadic

in

might

the

the

race

Lithuania,

or

of

much

London

it

the

emphasizing
and
thereby

between

contrast

Jew

London

End

be

to

In

relations

East

seem

of

character

asking

upon

the

both

fortunes.

Galicia

stumbling

you

emphasizing

of
in

relatives

himself

than

poorer

of Jewish

and

suggested,

he

anyone

that

the

was

of

hostility.
peculiarrapid transition

awaken

movements

case

character

Jewish

the

emphasize
present might
to

257

also

and

our

own.

was

the

the

much

But

the

well-founded

idea

Jews

themselves.

Men

of Jewish
direct

nationality

mention

desired

it, yet

we

upon,

Most

quite at
whether
they smoke
they prefer this or
men

are

and

then

accident

one

presence
in the

their
or

that

comes

desire
to

for

men,

It

if

not, and

across

was

found

you

as

do

we

that
monious
har-

preserve

instance,

are

Most
smoking.
asked
they are
they do, whether

of tobacco.

brand

such

of
when

ease

mention

background;
he
understand
why

the matter

say,

pleased

felt that

insult.

wish

we

direct

was

an

kept

whom

relations.
indifferent

it

might not
respected his

with

anyone

avoided

because

have

its exercise

that

in whose

Jew
to

for the convention

excuse

almost

was

thing which the

yourself desired
and
though we
of

strongest

man

who,

But
from

now

some

of

training (as, for instance,

a
man
whose
mother
to think
brought him
smoking
up
mortal
it alluded
a
sin), does not like to have
to.

myself

culture
you

may

and

know

the

case

of considerable
not

say

of

man

of

the

highest

social

anything

position to whom
about
pigs either

in

THE

258

JEWS

with food ;
farming or in connection
In
Mohammedan.
for his sympathies
these
are
of our
when
know
we
exceptional cases,
guest's
of
yield to it for the sake
particular desire, we
harmony and of right living. So is it in this matter
of the former
convention
against alluding to Jewish
in
interests
Jewish
form.
nationality or
any
with

connection

the

Whether

Jews

convention,
of

our

unless

part

duty

and

the

all

suspicion
chief

is softened

and

at

harm.

does

which
secrecy
irritant in those
of

I have

that

say

solved,
dis-

last

stilted

insisted

as

upon

it creates
is the

which

rendered

that

fosters

relations, and
be

talking

renders
it

oddity,

could

that

It

relations;

our

not

parties should

Both

done.

does

am

of

service

I
But

be

feeling of exception,
worst

did,

theirs.

of

not

that

cherish

to

argument.

my

convention

absurd

and

not

or

undoubtedly

of

nothing can
that
it only

know

the

they

as

this

concern

wise

were

to

very
Jews

the

themselves.

little time

Some
that

even

mention,

of

led

to

an

right and
anyone
connection
If

left.

Yet

so

said,

But

it

"

Men

glances
whether

began, to see
possibly in any
by the monstrous

the

could

"

looked

downward

gave

is his

people,

company

of hunt

What

Jewish

poet

Heine
"

irony !
adjective
anything

said

and

Jewish"

be

deed.
and

was

"

remote

more

how

it in

acted
absurd

was.

the

absurdity

awkwardness.

offended

pistol shot

general

women

far

so

laudatory

nay,

"

in

went

could

be

full of

like

Jewish

sort

present

thoroughly
room

convention

neutral

anything

shoulders,

man

mention,
immediate

their

over

the

ago

point
of

this

make

convention

is
but

against the
against its peril.

not

DUTY

OUR
is

It

obstacle

an

becoming
daily a
acute
difficulty.

right handling

all

to

259

and

more

of what

is

insistent

more

and

vention
getting rid of such a conis not to be effected
by violent methods, nor
its
But
immediately.
our
duty is to accelerate
decline
to enlarge every
and, within reason,
tunity
opporfor treating the Jewish
nationality precisely
I mean
other.
treats
as
preciselyas one
one
any
in writing. We
other in conversation
treats
or
any

It is obvious

all know

type which

insane

it is

merely because
certainly have to

shall
sort

the

the

that

in the

of person

convention

begins

be

on

break

break

to

vention
con-

and

convention,

guard against

our

future,

near

to

loves

this

as

down.

we

this

particular

But

without

encouraging such eccentricities there is ample room

in the
for an
recognition of what
increasing ease
be
after all we
know
to
reality, a reality which
requires open discussion for the good of us all. The
this merely conventional
obstacle
danger is lest even
should
by too long a resistance dam up forces which
tend

break

to

it down
should

pulled down,

we

licence, with

its

That

has

is what

must

which

Victorian
it

have

not

for

so

Jew

to take

was

was

present, in the

the

most

And

any

or

any

other

insult

if

lest
I

shall

anyone

can

equitable

on

only

answer

us

this

all.

much

and

we

tion
conven-

admit

to

himself

that

that
at

of the

he

open

solution

damage.

that

interest, when

open

its decline
say

and

conventions,
case

of

extreme

of other

case

things which
interesting of all.

necessary,

follow,

the

happen in the
long forbade

Jew

admit

it is

lest, when

therefore

opportunity for
happened in the

reasonable

more

and

But

he

thinks

convention

is

hostilityshould
is to despair of
my

whole

thesis

JEWS

THE

260

this

in

is that

book

is

There

thing

more

one

of the

old taboo.

small

educated

need

not

long

However

said

be

to

class, it has

it

gone

in this

have

yet

may
for

matter

linger in
ever

the

among

populace, and it is the popular instinct we

mainly to deal with in the difficult times

the

of

solution

of.

despaired

be

such

shall
ahead

us.

The

in

populace
with

matters

this

Jewish

upon

would

which

frankness

talks

country

astonish

the

them
for a
drawing-rooms, and has so talked upon
since
the great novel
influx
ever
generation past
It not
of poor
Jews
began to pour into our towns.
its own
only talks thus openly to and of Jews upon
and
level, but it is thoroughly alive to the presence
"

of

power

that
the
if

Jews

in

continuance

the

of

Allied
real

their

with

mix

this

to

obstacle

be

days

east

fellow- citizens

obstacle

can

would

think

who

convention

necessity for a solution

they would
spend a few

and

Those

government.

put off

disillusioned
of

Aldgate,

there.

of convention

is the

very

of

charity.
Now
here
we
are
dealing not with
positive
a
with
and
of
form
a
charity but with a negative one
like slackness.
charity uncommonly
The
who
that
allusion
honestly thinks
man
any
in contemporary
Jewish
to
art, history or
races

letters

in

the

presence

therefore

to

who

practises the

also

foreigner
such
with
excuse

not

be

is
for

avoided,

concerned

of

from

rare

is offensive

goodness
virtue

same

is

Jew

of

where

indeed.

and

heart, and
any
There

other
are

exceptional goodness coupled

But
the
exceptional stupidity are to be found.
is
of charity as it is generally put
forward
it is ingenuous our
Where
wholly ingenuous.
men,

men

of

DUTY

OUR

must

be

ill-ease,

the

reply to-day
occasional

peril
For

unless

for

risked;
of

whatever

for the

critical

hesitates
to

or

to

of

who

would

only

be false.

the

And

the

longer

conventional

of

their

fellow-men

when
say that
for this kind
an

whose

dislike

himself

its victim

the

the

economics

his

ill

feeling

in
so

violent
his

there.

English

had

better

So, too,
had

it

is

of

Jews,

of

the

that

he

his

Frenchman
not

love
and

fears

That

certainly
If

man

without

alphabet

hold

no

man

tongue.

silence.

without

Ricardo'

far better

apparent

need
any
There
it.
is

it is found

of Ricardo
for

to

gone,

go with
the
case

Hebrew

or

certainly he
the

has

will

is

Jews

directed.
mis-

merely from the

might go further

gives any rein to

exceptional ; but where
will do well to keep

mention

cannot
sneer,

of

be

all mention

convention

course,

of

greater part
plea is, if they

When

if he
is

mania

are

of

exception,

avoid

charity

risk

charity

falsitywill

One

the

of

charity
of a spendthrift,
just cause,

consciences, found

silent

will remain

many

other

the

slackens.
to

the

to

the

the

own

of its

test

convention

when

how

their

examine

much

motive

this

plead

is

oppressor,

said, with

I have

as

men

his

evil

the

any
The

at

man

even

in

in

war

oppressed

an

quarrelling with
But,

defensive

wage

defend

to

or

action

increasing gravity.
the supplies
control

of

problem

to

is burked,

only put off

be compared

may
take

be

must

increasing
against justice.

discussion

used

of

is

there

open

so

risk

offence

offence

refuses

which

it

risk

charity, we

charity

day, and
charity
which

of

of

danger

the

at

even

greater

reason

reason

that

we

much

261

betraying
lineage, then

tongue
who
discuss

when

raves

the

Jews

against
British

Constitution
where

genius of
Englishman
may

is no

convention

this, but

not

the

Jewish

that

"

hostilityto
is

"

only

the

very

real

that

the
"

fear

fear

feeling

society

present.

is

that

but

"

be

in any

of fear.

strongest force

there

of course,

sense,

mean

of

expression

Newton

obstacle

the

that

doubt

an
a

chief

the

remains

There

In

the

or

an

There

JEWS

THE

262

still

Jew

straining
re-

is fear.

of

in

breaking
metaphor.

dread

of

sequences:
con-

of

expression

an

bring definite evils

the individual
guilty of it, and a panic lest those
on
him.
How
evils should
fall upon
strong this feeling
is, anyone
can
testifywho has explored, as I have,
of modern
insistent
this most
politicalills; and
hostilityto

doubtless
will

the

recall

It

is

lest
them

of

of

fear
and

to

which

wide

social
Men

Domination

would

but

call it

individual

the

and
dread

should

unknown

some

"

readers

point.

consequences,
of both
combined.

destroy

can

Jewish

non-

two

even

power

my

the

hostility to the Jew

into the grip of some

world"

may

greater part

examples

economic,

power

who

bring
suspected
conspiracy
shall

be

challenge it. Some

perhaps have
the insane
to the length
length of reading
gone
in its literal sense
the
word
and
of
"destroy"
Such
illusion is laughable.
an
fearing for their lives.
affected by the reasonable
But
are
more
very
many
conception that they will have against them, if they
action
which
provoke it, an intelligent,combined
there is no
because
meet
they cannot
organization
so

rash

as

to

"

upon

because

their

side

there

is

it

behind

of
the

it

because

through

feeling; because
politicalmachines

all-powerfulin

"

"

international

great

finance

all the

Press

is

it

nations,
and

so

intensity
controls
because

forth.

of

the
it is

DUTY

OUR

They dread,
also

(and

with

that

the social consequences.

and
definition
more
more

economic

the

dread

I say,

263

They
sense)

They recognize

consequences.

over
exaggerate) the grip of the Jew
finance.
They conceive that if they speak they will
their
be dragged
down,
enterprises ruined, their

also

(they

which

instrument

be

can

supernatural motives
motive
remaining after
is

avarice

universal

more

work

There

security.

express

express
feelings for fear

innumerable

to-day

publicly on
in private,
that

their

salaries

and

they
conceal

who

but

who

men

what

Jews

for

desire

respectable

be

may

enterprises wrecked, their

their position ruined.

their modest

lowered,

are

powerful

most

When
brought to bear.
the
disappear
strongest
appetite is avarice; and
than
appetite and more
is at
which
only avarice

the

also

but

here,

would

is it

Nor

continuous.

is the

that

And

dissolved.

credit

tinually
con-

their

lost

or

investments

Above

them

their
that
equally convinced
be in peril were
they so to act.
large fortunes would
fold.
characteristic
of all this
The
feeling is twothe
would
first place, as
to be
In the
seem
with
convention,
though in a much
greater
case
the
and
enormously increases
degree, it dams
up
both
latent
force
of anger
against Jewish
power
It is like the
real and
piling up of a
imaginary.
of water
river valley is obstructed, or
when
head
a
electric
into an
like the introducing of resistance
The
current.
though
suppression of resentment,
selves
themwho
that suppression is the act of the men
feel the resentment
and
not
directly of their
are

lesser

opponents,

high

number,

is

pressure

it is loosened.

fierce irritant

at

which

attack

and

accounts

escapes

when

for the
once

THE

264

I
in

of

speak only

these

JEWS

hostility and
rational
examples

least

of

for it is

attack,

that

the

strength
But
it applies also to
of the thing is to be found.
There
is hardly
discussion.
mere
to-day
anyone
who
does
desire to discuss as an
not
urgent political
problem the present position, the present power,
present disabilities, the present claims

the

for

one

that

the

stable

of Israel.

will

openly discuss these things

there
selves
ten
who, in varying degrees, forbid themare
of speech in dread
of what
so
plain a freedom
It has, like all panic,
might follow.
consequences
It is informed
ridiculous
element.
a
by the most
illusions ; it suffers from
absurd
ings
grotesque imaginand
In
this dread
of the
some
phantasms.
has
Jewish
plainly passed the line which
power
very
But

divides
the

the

from

sane

formidable

time,
That

then
is

in

it breaks

less

the

none

This

of convention,
works

down

even

for

certain

releases

and

bears

flood.

expressions of hostilityin
time
were
so
our
exaggerated and ill-proportioned.
is why
That
of them
so
were
plainly mad.
many
character
of
This
exaggeration, this very
very
in
those
wildness
proportion, rendered
against
whom
of

the

it than

The
mean,

even

side.

why

attack

they

was

of the
to
to

first

delivered

should

forerunners

calculated
or

the

It

and

problem.

our

that

rigidity.

mind

it is

But

than

more

of

character

unstable

insane.

element

obstacle, much
a

the

from

of

present

hostile

movement

excite

been.

have
the

the

contemptuous

more

to

Israel

respect of

them
the
with
carry
"
lacked
that
common"

movement

men

They
the first quality of leadership. For
leadership implies a soul in common

not

were

"

their

"

opponent
their

on

own

which

sense

the

power

with

is
of

those

DUTY

OUR
led.

who

are

but

the
I

extravagant
that

say

enthusiast

The

265

despised: they were

whom
they menaced.
There
lay in reserve

for

never

man

first attacks

these

lead

can

were

unduly

permanently,
long.
that

on

account

those

despised by
all the

behind

exaggeration
and
wildness
a
great bulk of very different opinion ;
in their
normal
the opinion of men
appreciation
of values
of proportion, not
and
given to
seeing
who
know
things," fullyin touch with reality; men
silent
hitherto
that they have
only been
through
the action
of fear, who
that
despise themselves
on
the more
and
who
For
account
are
ready to act.
the
of fear
not
only degrades but angers:
sense
The
at least in our
to
race.
European who admits
"

himself

that

he

from

religion,nor
is

cowardice,
the

general

when

his
upon
in his own

eyes.
lies the

of

sense

clear

that

am

from

right, but

from

his

and

of

not

awaits

own

himself

Israel

not

himself

take

peril to

with

But

instinct

an

with

angry
he
can
and

past

own

Herein

restrained

always

moment

affairs.

has

revenge

of

such

reproach
state

here

of

concerned.

with its effect upon

ourselves.
only concerned
So long as
we
degrade ourselves, so long as we
ourselves
humiliate
cowardice, so long
by our own
as

am

we

all reasonable

shirk

expression

of
at

there

secondly,
such

The

hostility because
the

hands

of

we

dread

the

with
evil

of

postponement

the

turning

of

all the

consequences

the

opponents,

our

present in risingintensity two

are

first, the
hatred

discussion, let alone

reasoned

evil

all
sequences
con-

long
things :
so

right solution;
policy into mere
that

flow

from

emotion.

longer we

maintain

whatever

remains

of that

JEWS

THE

266

ling)
speech (happily it is already crumbthe longer do we
produce the two fatal results
The
of creating enmity.
of postponing justiceand
of that barrier, the ridding of ourselves
destruction
in
of fear in the
is, as is always the case
matter,
the exercising of this unmanly
for
thing, a matter
effort.
As the proverb goes,
Someone
individual
is another
of saying
bell the cat," which
must
way
that
if each
his neighbour, things
waits upon
man
and
will only grow
worse.
worse
it is too late, to
in his place, before
It is for each
it
discuss
to
problem and
approach the Jewish
openly ; to preface that discussion by a frank interest
all those
and
a
general expression upon
things
in the minority which
its relations
directly concern
with
the Jewish
nation
the majority; to deal with
other.
would
with
exactly as one
any
in those
who
It used
dictum
to be
pleaded a
a
lifetime ago for the open
criticism of Scripture, that
be
the
should
Bible
approached like any other
of good
The
book."
result is not
to my
augury
dread
the parallel;
and
I rather
present argument
it as a
I will use
but since the phrase is well, known
model.
It is time, I say, to be rid of treating the
Jewish
nation
as
something closed, mysterious and
barrier

to

free

"

"

Let

secret.

is

feel

hatred,
of that

once

the

beg
said

leave

Gospels

Master

But

Dr.

Jowett,

and

"

book

Israel.

"

So

the

them

treat
:

an

Did

you

it will

but

by nothing
the

upon

Master
as

not

prove,

of

An

find

on

the

undergraduate

Balliol,

"

book."

ordinary

an

It

blind

fear, take

modern

anecdote.

consequence
if we
that

convinced

am

introduce

to

answered

of

moved

' '

nation.

other

any

rid of this absurd

get
to

like

' '

hesitation

some

hatred.

side

our

it

if men,

wonder

no

treat

us

them

think,

with

very
the

take

up
The

ordinary
extra-

tion
fascina-

DUTY

OUR

267

mind
of
right proportions, rid our
ception
especiallyof the conexaggeration in his regard
ing
inhuman
of some
abilitycapable of conductplot of diabolical ingenuity and magnitude"
a

Jew

his

in

"

shall

we

The

be

Jews
nor

of

degree
to

of

vent

Irish

not

the

only

side.

other

international
men's

disturbed

be

must

you

of Scotch

dislike

active

Irish

or

dread

They

judgments.

for

has

which
If

of the

or

certain

will

You

some

desire

you

Scotch

of the

prepared
hostility.

the

force

force
only international
organization and cohesion.

your

is international

which

force

only

the

not

are

the

are

has

which

the

from

met

amount
across

come

ingly
organization and suffer accordcherish
the conception of a vast
but if you
;
subterranean
Irish, watching you
force, Scotch
or
tion,
destrucand capable of your
with a malignant power

of

something

are,

you
If

an

desire

you

Catholic

think,
vent

to

Church

you

out

if you
conclude
from
then
with
monster
a
you

grips
with
reality.
So it is, surely,
power,

the

with

this

sullied

has

which

world.
of the

dislike
active
your
will find ubiquitous

But
at

real

of the

this

of

are

of touch

the

men's

many

discussion

you

out

are

dread

so

that

tion.
opposi-

Jewish

minds,

of the

problem and
If
nourished
ill-ease
we
everywhere.
simply
act
though that dread were
despicable like any
as
other dread, and turned
discussion
to perfectly open
of the whole
to an
affair, even
expression of
open
shall be
hostility where
hostility is deserved, we
In
it is our
the better
for it.
case
duty to
any
postponed

ourselves
in

the

advance

as

right

well

business,
towards

as

to

until

for
a

the

solution

State
we
can

to
are

be

get rid
rid
made.

of

of
it

fear
no

CHAPTER

XIII

THEIR

positive

WHERE
it

evil
in
be

of

the

the

been

in

causes,

so

for

evil

that

of

cure

found

far

an

consists

they

as

can

removed.
In

the

particular

Jewish

friction

The

the

is

he

in

do

can

But

his

is

positive

the

book
must

prove

Jews

if

which

habit

will.

he

of

The

nothing:

do

that
not

repose

the

general
of

the

policy
direct

upon

oppressive,

the

laws

which
almost

and

to

But
271

tions
institu-

them

off

them

the

chapter

leading
of

will

to

our

certainly

though

from

dignity
of

this

solution

ing,
imagin-

own

almost

spirit recognizing
Jews.

them.

upon

last

there

future,

propose,

mark

restore

in

reactions

upon

even

bent
incum-

peaceful

incumbent

must

and

is

achieve
their

better

shall

which

duty

menace

they

own

contend

nationality

of

causes

superiority.

can

would

also

the

their

nation.

upon

we

they

action

will

not

not

of
if

remove

negative

foster,

which

of

the

expression

the

between

dangerous

hands:

own

perils

must

society

hosts

and

can

this

the

of

They

friction

everything.

issue
a

Jew

beyond
upon

foolish

irritating

the

causes

matter

the

the

their

and

are

and

secrecy

of

case

community

that

but

that

removal

the

have

causes

obvious

is

DUTY

certainly
be

the
this

evaded,

separate
is true

of

JEWS

THE

272

Christian

every

themselves,

State

Western

it

is

not

(as

cannot) after

we

dignity
beginning of
own

well

which

their

have

how

with

capacity
frame

to

consistent
tradition.

own

find

nation.

own

the

know

they

forward

come

fashion

their

and

of

true

their
side
They on
may
which
propositions
they
making, because
they will

in

for

them

with

their

There

is

such

things already present in the

Jewish
schools, the Jewish
guardians and the considerable
the
Jews
separate organization which
have
in this
openly set up for their community
country. These beginnings have but to be extended.
Those
who
will say
are
openly hostile to Jews
that
proposals coming from their side will conceal
any
This people
a trap.
(they say) will always
innocent
will seem
enough and
suggest things which
than
their
define
apparently do no more
position
plainly for the future ; but we shall find ourselves
the
Jews
caught in an
obligation and
our
more
than
masters
ever.
They will,' say these ob jectors,
remain
as
they are to-day, and while they claim
privilege as a separate community, they will
every
is incomalso insist upon
the full citizenshipwhich
patible
"

"

"

'

"

with

whatever

attitude.

institutions

institutions
also

this

will

work

heavily against
doubt

it.

The

we

not

them

only

in

to

frame,

their

Jewish

special

institutions, for instance,

favour

that,
those
but

such

effect.

the

strain.

is the

institutions
On
One

the

trary,
con-

of those

Jewish

press : the
interests
Jewish

to
specially devoted
ideas.
as
They
spokesmen for Jewish
I have
not
always as polite as they might be.
myself at times to lodge a complaint against the

newspapers
and
acting

had

ask

find

us."

have
already at work
no
they already relieve

are

shall

We

DUTY

THEIE
in which

way
the

settlement

handle
or,

their

to

They
by

out.

way

sometimes

enemies

and then
they do write now
the vast
majority, had no rights and
worth
considering was the advancement

claim,

and

for

an

honest

have

left

insistent

too

call it, too

would

enemies

those

as

efforts

and

difficulties

our

finding

at

attempt

of

sincere

treated

have

they

273

arrogant

though we,
only thing

as

the

of their

own

people.
all, it would

after

But,

absurd

be

to

expect

minority vigorously fighting

its own
hand
must
exaggerate its claim; an organism
from
defending itself against very heavy pressure
but appear
without
cannot
aggressive, and I shall
the
of an
that
openly
always maintain
presence
institution
Jewish
interests, no
speaking for Jewish
excellent
how
matter
thing. It
insistently,is an
with
the
converse
presents a healthy contrast
anything

else.

attempt

to

small

Jewish

present

neutrality, and
anonymously
through
being neutral agents.
of

cover

If I be
can

to

asked

the

what

are

institutions

I have

that

it is for

Jews

first

the

proposal,

extension

of the

system, which

embryo,

whereby

disputes

arbitrated

before

extension
Jews

also

the

be

not

non-

might
thing

bad

ripe

were

and

for the

Jews

specialcharacter

difference

Jewish

between

be

if

change

could

be

of such
them

time

some

"

"

tried

in
be

only

its

request

good thing.

an

shall

Not

the

themselves

Jews

tribunal.
at

in mind

suggest
already present

between

its confirmation

themselves,

things
Jews

but

from

but
is

ideas

far

very

what

only repeat
make

Jewish

spread

to

the

under

arguments

of the

It would

hence

disputes
in Courts

when

between

where

disputes,the distinctive
the
and
disputes between

fellow-

citizens

should
To

this

and

but

with

does

would

fatal

be

would

last,

at

come

be

not

started

already

other

experienced

There

little

is

from

Apart
specific
have

claim

All

the

side.
deserve

of

Therefore

have

properly

confined

resent

details

the
of

parties.
them.

It

work.

if

But

taneously,
sponit

them,

by

great

deal

functioning

said

to

the

of

the

this

under

head.
this

and

dealing

institutions

separate

mutual

the

we

to

no

to

for

us

airing
their

alien

space

of

those

their
our

it

than

more

for

is

Duty

it the

given

suggestions

responsible

both

press.

part

correlative

it

when

upon

open

fostering

to

the

community

the

be
of

duty

of

and

mentioned.

to

main

and

not

have

more

the

policy

no

very

while

long

think,

not

add
for

us,

developed

it would

institutions

to

Jewish
and

And

for

will,

would

It

the

be

live,

revolutionary

imposed

were

by

succeed.

relief

are

if it

character.

advantage

accepted.

and

would

it

of

mixed

among

Jews

be

suggested

were

lines

of

they

course,

it

of

number

growing

influence,

growing

of

prospect

no

which

indeed

procedure,

is

the

of

would,

to-day

there

in

country

tribunals

in

departure
;

the

before

attempt

one

it

of

come

new

It

JEWS

THE

274

after

actions

organization.

and
on

our

to

seems

these

who,

views

on

the

few

all,
may

mestic
do-

VARIOUS
THEORIES

XIV

CHAPTEE

THEORIES

VARIOUS

approaching

BEFOEE

certain

review

to

hitherto

not

stand

theories

is

of

There

does

international

the

frankly
which

the

from

wholly

the

of

one

place

here

because

there

Thus

It

is

reconciled

with

have

ideas

these

bound

that
the
at

and

pilgrimage

statement

prophecy

until

must,

in

the

up
last

Universal
the

back
277

the

curse;

its

conversion,
tility.
hos-

perpetual
that

with

days

their

much

discussion.

to

Israel

other

will

Those

Church.
of

are

though
find

can

of

reason

which
even

itself

conception

Israel

perpetual

popular

the

that

conception
suffer

is

of

those

true,

lends

none

show

are

those

from

these,

be

upon

which

Jews

to

because

theories

some

of

problem

value.

vary

past,

should

them

those

which

None

imaginary.

is

that

one

solution,

the

with

either

is

practical

of

and

of

if there

no

other

which

if there

or

place

defended

history

some

of

position

be

may

have

they

and

Jews

need

not

first

rational,

non-

the

that

be

the

in

come

of

even

would

solution

that

or

that

sort

because

historical

of

problem,

no

solved,

be

which

well

argument.

position
is

be

may

discussion,

my

group

the
there

that

it cannot
it

whole

upon

imply

its

from

is

There

in

it

theories

subsidiary

touched

apart

conclusion

my

minds

(they

be

who
are

JEWS

THE

278

than

numerous

more

admit),
not

"

They

The

say,

But

they,

even

like to

of any
solution, and would
it with
hope of success.
urge
any
continue."
thing is fated and must

to

attempt

would

thought

despair

heart

at

modern

think,

admits

admit

must

that

just

as

and
paradox of determination
admit
free will, so politicaleffort must
a
paradox of
failures and
foreseen
our
duty, in spite of them, to
aim
at a politicalgood.

philosophy

it

Whether

be

indeed

true

that

is

impossible and
quarrel must
drag itself
immoral

There

again

and

the Jews

and

its

Providence,

the

their
have

to

is

is

Israel

latent

or

about

them

divine

at

of them

mention

(no

matter

is the

use

theory

would

seeking a

can

and
oppress

solution

to me,

of the

what

at

of

further

people
Jewry,
regard

lost tribes.

ten

of their

specimens

this

of the
I

the

found

active, between

game,

as

who

it because

hitherto

oppressor

that

they

section

opposite and,

an

(but I must
antagonism

such

fellow-countrymen
in my
library some

There

no

evils.

poor

there

and

foundly
pro-

spectaclewith

These
Japhet) is treason.
mysticallyregard Britain as the handmaid
to

cost

the

long run
certainly

the

fullest satisfaction

the

ciliation
recon-

in
theory (which I mention
leave
to its adherents) that the British
in some
are
mysteriously allied by
way
that
which
does not give
so
any solution

is

passing

at

that

in the

it is

out,

on

ameliorate

to

attempt

to look

not,

or

detestable

ture.
litera-

theory

it exists),
that

the

perpetually, whether
people and the world

one

other.

as

To

necessary

and

who

hold

those

can
only reply that two
play
it certainly absolves
those whom
from
of
obligation whatever
any

on

their side.

If

man

thinks

he

THEOKIES

VAEIOUS
harm

do

can

reproaches

the

I confess

that

discussion

and

and

of

of his

who

with

out

set

catch

I free

(as

argument)

I should

suffering

conscience, he is in

own

were

affirmation

without

wantonly,

Israel

to

279

to

this remarkable

mere

that

say

object in

book

in

indulge

to

inclined

be

in

not

am

error

those

view

will

Tartar.

special and
Divine
protection is still exercised, not only for the
but
for judgment
preservation of the Jews
upon
That
their enemies.
theory, I think, lies at the back
in history and
action
of much
Jewish
of many
a
Jewish
policy to-day. Non- rational, religious in
which
of the race
origin,it is, I fancy, to very many
is the

There

suffered

has

opposite theory

much,

so

all these

Now

without

word

consolation

rational

non-

that

often

that

the

and

support.

theories

connotation

bad

any
is

(I

use

the

the
non-

inaccurately called the

well
problem may
mystical attitude towards
any
be more
practicalthan the rational approach to it)
side as improper to rational discussion.
I leave on one
heard
I have
it maintained,
again, by both parties
rational

what

"

"

to

this debate,

migratory, intense,
cohesion,
of

These

are

instances
or

an

alien

force,

full of tradition,

essential

experience and
height and the activity

to the

civilization.

own

our

them,

was

of

presence

not

of Jewish
to

extend

content

to

excellence
the

renown

individual

discover
in

the

mass

of individual

around

Jewish

with
the general
genius. They are rather concerned
such flux is necessary
to the
proposition that some
diverse culture.
full action of a high and
They tell
the civilization
that
of Europe
but for the Jew
us
have
would
torpid, would have settled into a
grown

fixed

groove,

incapable

of

change

and

of creative

JEWS

THE

280

progress.
of
sort

Jew, by this theory, is regarded

as
activating principle, who, whether

irritant

at

The

all

keeps

the

worst,

Jew

business.

and

origin of every
thought.
They see

European
the

incline

great

movement

of the

Christian,

indeed
not
to
pagan,
that is (intheir eyes) to an

They

the

Jew

and

of the

scholastics
of

name

exponent
Jews

the

Luther

that

them
least

in

to

Oriental

the

the

in

mood.

eleventh
the

insist

the

Reformation

great
the

upon

saltasset."

non

Jewish

the

doubtful, that

But

the

the

he

of the

was

Maimon,
de

Lyra

Lyra

non

remind

I may
this man

of

character

of

philosopher

"Si

tionary
great revolu-

culmination

They

pire
Em-

but

ben
the great Moses
upon
These
also put Nicolas

of

root

lyrasset

see

"

Maimonides.

at

to

to

of Cordova
century, the Kadi
of Aristotle, the
expositor whom

preserved

our

Jew

the

(Ibn Roshd),

best,

Roman

springs from

thirteenth.

Averroes

twelfth

the

its

reaches

of

root

which

philosophy
century

the

at

an

indirectly producing

see

is necessary

him

transformation

vast

the

also

These

the

at

from

inspiration at

an

life agog,

European

our

its continuous
the

or

as

is at

of

religiousOrders

Christendom.
also

These

ascribe

be

of

the

influence

the

with

and

seventeenth

some

reason

economic

great

which

century,

has

and
of wealth
by so vast an extension
happiness.
population, though hardly of human
Now
for all this there
is certainly something
to

followed

been

of

certainly

Jewish

to

revolution

will

said

it

may
make

as

be

extended

but

change

to

the

should

as

cover,

whole

I would
we

historical

of

aspect

it cover,

debated,
what

an

its

truth.

exponents

my

have

readers
seen

would

field, may

historical

ask

far

How

in

to

the

be

consider

develop-

THEORIES

VARIOUS
of

ment

Jewish

if

Europe

had

influence

removed.

is

It

by

applicable, and

instrument

magical

some

been

281

some

upon

date

one

theory fascinating,
arresting. It is, at any
a

in

way
not

rate,

nonsense.

that

something in
exercise
of analysis by the Jewish
the continuous
gence
intelliintelligence perpetually moves
European
The
action
to
great disputations of the
largely, either directly
Early Middle
Ages were,
disputations with Jews or disputations provoked by
It

is

particularly

true

"

intellectual

the

of the

Jew;

and

Spinoza,

stands

at

attitude
of

the

Jew,

the

origin
Lucretian
that merely natural, that
tion
interpretacartes
which
continued
of the world
through Desits great expansion in the present day.
to

in the

of

You

famous

philosophy,
and,

Ricardo,

politicalscience as
talking of economics,
the

greatest
science

economic
while

development
is also
It is not

economics

in

that

of modern

in

element

that

find

forgotten

name

the

you
it must

is the

name

"

the

be

not

of

name

name

mics;
econo-

foundation

the

at

name

prominent
prominent

most

of its most
Jewish

you
do in

in

do

as

Jew,

in

name

direct
of Karl

the

tion
applicaMarx.

without

significancethat any one of these

recalls, side by side with its Jewish
names
origin,
aloofness
the
from
of the
general community
an
it is fair to
Jews.
That
I think
community,
say,
abandoned
I
believe, Karl
and,
Spinoza; Ricardo
Marx
alien to the
national
were
religion,and the
latter married
of his people and
exercised
his
out
influence
extraneously to the blood from
enormous
which
his family sprang.
For though it is true that
the direction, the staffof Communism
is Jewish, yet
ite convinced

adherents

are

in the

mass

of

our

blood.

JEWS

THE

282

in that

And

theory
which
Jew

fact

or

is that
has

been

reminded

am

of another

the

history of Israel,
the intellectual
independence of the
marked
as
throughout the ages as his
attaching

There

solidarity.
who
regard

connection

are

many,

of that

know,

nation

vagaries and almost

them
small
traitors ; yet they are
condemn
as
no
the
asset
to
reputation of their people and their
however
be repudiated by
much
they may
names,
lustre
the whole
their compatriots, shed
body
upon
These
from
include
which
(let it be
they sprang.
not only the"
remembered)
sceptical" philosophers,
ordinary
extranot
only the materialists, but also those
have
lent the vigour, the
exceptions who
tenacity and the lustre of the Jewish intellect to the
of the

service
that

in

Church.

of

Faith

qualities

the

in

but

those

one

alone

be

to

Paul,

the

Church
efforts

of

such

that

there

is

consciousness

proceed
hear

imagine

from

those

their

the

club

of which

each

worked

That

aberration

upon

former

earth

presents

who

(and
such

put

intense

wise

dual
indivi-

action

or

people

The

many

knew
of

dealt
truth

the

who

talk
formed
every

with

the

exaggerate

whether

admire

Jewish

will admit

man

to

opponents

I have

so

the

than

member
every
in the
unison

pages.

have

more

covered
disthey have
A
cynic might add
the whole
origin of

with

error

modern

that

been

say

what

matter,

Jewish

of

Ratisbonne

also every

greater

no

like

to

men.

this connection

In

of

intermixed

was

there

divine.

but, for that

St.

has

many),

service

bold

I make

who,

among

the

at

as

Catholic

than

was

To

exceptions

one

no

devotion
he

such

to

error

it.

detest

might

one
a

small

other

while

disciplined body.
than

more

is that

no

once

nation

surprisingexceptions

on

to

THEORIES

VARIOUS
its

nation

on

direction,

as

earth,

when

in

moves

We

less conscious.

motive

it

does, is actuated

it often

as

this nation,

does

action

general

283

and

that

one

general

by

stand

who

the

complain

them

which

in

way

society

for

that

general body
the

alien

an

the

mean

of their

action
I

remember

speech

often
left

have
of

"

their

at

the

indifferent

replacement
for

accounts

bewilderment

to

It is this unconsciousness

what

noticed, especiallyin times

have

members

sneered

body,

cry of the race.

in action, this frequent
which

Jews

remained

of Israel, and

will mark

how

not

wealthier

the

of

know

common

instinct

by

"

the

outside

its cohesion, and

mark
body may
its own
but
it, I hope, to its honour;
complain rather of its lack of cohesion.
heard

common

Jewish

no

of

of motive

all observers

persecution. I
oppressed at the

of

the

oppressors.

listening to

once

delivered

in the

of

course

eloquent

most

in

debate

which,

which
is characteristic
long recollection
of his people, an
Israelite passionately declaimed
the
who
saved
gratitude of that people to St. Bernard
their
the Rhine
from
the popular
remnant
upon
also how
in a debate
another
fury. I remember
with

(for

that

I have

country

and

attended
have

such

many

heard

from

up

and

down

the

aspects
many
towards
attitude
us
as

as

the Jewish
possible what
is)
stated
simply, in reply to my
description of the
Jewish
financial
position in this country after the
and
cathedral
"Your
Conquest:
abbeys
your
and
castles were
built with our
even
money."
your
The
in which
phrase was
significant of the way
what
the English community
of the tune
regarded
tolerated
which
fortunes
abuse, those
as
a
they
never

thought

of

as

Jewish

at

all, but

as

moneys

JEWS

THE

284

from
the
temporarily unjustly wrung
large, were
regarded in contemporary
private property legitimately acquired,
possession.
I could

would

Jew

view

intended

mean,

ourselves

from

It

own.

attacks

scholar

inimical

action
We

Jews,

before

fellows

to

what

problem,
seem

Christian

tradition
the

read

should

What

we

to

and

of

in

story

or

neither

was

do

(what
the

Islam

now

Jewish

combined.

rather
the

subjects by

favour,
medans
Moham-

universal

nor

sufficientlyhear,
chance
piece together from
not

connection

during

the

between

the

Eeconquista,

Moorish
and

their

north.

I leave
have

I should
to

have

conspectus

tolerance,

the

It

the

that

to

and

Spain.
have

we

the

rather

we

Jewish

allusions, is the

on

is

their

continuous.

Before

also

of

to

of

what

hostile

Christendom

aware

displayed

upon

indirect

it.

that

over

are

those

am

seen

connection

this

than

spiritof impartiality

much

was

to

lack), and

we

less

to

exists.

by a practising Jewish
so-called
impartial and
a
agnostic
grotesquely represents the Church
external
and
of Europe
to the body

something
In

attacks)

are

would
it

as

which

even

in full

learned

some

book

useful

pretend

than

account

such

more

the

none

line.
every
of Europe

as

be

which

are

as

that

(for they

tradition
but

be

may

it would

certain

that

held

at

History of Europe from the

of his people:
short
textbook, I
a
for our
consumption ; to show
us
a
standpoint very different from our

produce

of

point

connection

in this

wish

people
Jewry

these

cursory
"
called
the

mention

have

and

sporadic

theories"
which

upon

notes
our

would

pily
unhap-

acquired widespread

support

one

VARIOUS

THEORIES

285

surely the least satisfactoryof

the
less satisfactory than
all
now
dying
even
the
Jewish
nation
which
fiction
pretended that
not
midst, but consisted
only
was
present in our
of a mass
of individuals
already absorbed
by their
the
I mean
alien surroundings.
theory that it is
in a sort of simmering atmosphere
possible to continue
the
Jew
treated
of partial repression, with
hostile, yet his presence
as
something alien and
would
That
be
to
seem
unceasingly tolerated.
the
implied, if not stated, in
imperfect conclusion
to-day

is

which

and

"

pamphlets and discussions, the

of
Antiauthors
of which
repudiate the name
Semite
though they sympathize apparently with
the
action
less logical than
politics of the
even
Anti- Semite.
There
is no such equilibrium possible,
a

hundred

modern

if its establishment

even

fact

immoral.

If

as

were

moral

as

be

not

solution

frank

it is in

found,

All we
be established.
shall be
nothing firm can
tion.
establishing will be a violent and successive fluctuaIt is impossible to
maintain
attitude
an
permanently hostile to one's neighbour, yet count
that hostilityremaining permanently
on
repressed.
You
fall inevitably along the slope of such
dency
tena
into
whole
You

those

object to condemn,
cannot

from

which

excesses

continue,

it should

to foresee
as

their conversation,

so

many

and

to

be

prevent.

modern

wish, with

our

men

political
equality on the one side and a livingspiritof enmity
the other.
You
cannot
by giving
get peace
upon
of a minority,
a
mere
legal definition to the status
is also
which
necessarily your
neighbour, and
with
the legal
refusing a social action consonant
If
definition.
are
trying
try to do that you
you
of which
do two
to
will destroy the
things, one
seem,

to

THE

286

other.
in
a

No

conflict

between

One

attitude

will be

living sentient
public law.
the question

towards

victorious

motive

in

definition

mere

which

doubt

can

one

JEWS

which

and

I have

heard

of Jews
and
fairly often in the mouths
seen
in their
"Our
writings is something like this:
affairs have
nothing to do with people outside our
nation.

This

Jewish

discussion
is

problem'
is

There

part.

problem,

asperity)

to

I have
the

and

mind

called

intelligence,would
the

In

morals

same

for

between

Mr.

of whom

I have

relations,

Jones

and

out

met

ever

be
a

his

and

some

might

satisfy

of civic morals.

breach

would

work

to

me

for what

search
it

though

be

it

way

the

sound,

solution,

your
it is

(with

you

the

business."

own

were

call

you

request

we

your

attitude

what

impertinence upon
problem indeed, but

an

Jewish

domestic

If this

of

solution

breach
for the

with

quarrel
neither

mother-in-law,

and

civic

of

I have

whom

no

the
this solution
press
upon
the flaw in this attitude
But

then

to

contending parties.
is that the problem is essentiallyone
involving two
and
the nonThe
Jews.
parties,the Jews
problem
we
are
attempting to solve is a problem expressed
in

terms

is

hardly

nation

of both.
domestic

which

society outside

would

Some

even

within

question

does

not

have

its

it is not

which

it,and

that

say

the

reaction
the

that

both

and

other.

much

with

the

true,

indeed,

that

the

or

be

more

of

shirking

acute

for

with

consequences

the
the

as

one

solution
Jew

than

the

of

Jewish
upon

of

business

to inquire into.
society outside
be
far.
But
pressing things rather
with
problem is intimately concerned
as

there

That

would
main

the

parties
It is

tion,
false solu-

altogether, would
for

us;

but

we

VARIOUS
should

both

would

be

Even
the

if there

not

are

at

the

our

own

same

side the

our

were

of the

sense

of

question

no

suffering

suffering in

would

there

term,

still be

of

affairs in order, which

:

and

those

on

who
resent
a
justice. The Jews
of the problem and an
attempt at solving
people any good and are
doing their own
time
denying us the right of putting

intolerable
States

even

287

grievous.

statement

it

suffer, and

ordinary
question

the

THEORIES

States

denial

is,,of

course,

position of the Jews in our great

in Islamic
society is something which
that
and
to determine.
society have
for the

leave

They
they

must

that

conclusion

cannot

it in the
and

come,

air.

To

and

soon,

conclusion

some

the

on

of

nature

depends their peace.

Two
different
theories, proceeding from
very
of mind, the opposite each
states
of the other, but
each exclusive
of any
solution, spring from the root
idea that there is something inexorably malignant
in the

relations
In

the

affirming

that

ill-treated

by

so

between

that
and

form

one

the

In

the

unfortunate

the

hosts
other

wicked

trying

Jew

this

his wicked

ill-treated.

saying

the

to

hurt

Jew

his

his

and

takes
Jew
and

shape of
is invariably
always will be

it takes

will

ings.
surround-

the

the

form

always be
good, kind hosts

of
spiring
con-

and

it is
always will be so conspiring. In either case
no
good trying to find a solution, for it is affirmed
that
the- quarrel is in the nature
of things. People
will say to one,
Why attempt to change something
which
talk
of
be
cannot
Why
changed ?
your
material
than
what
it is ?
as
something other
will always quarrel with
Cats
if
dogs, and
you
want
to avoid
the
do
is
to
to
a
quarrel
only thing
keep the dogs and cats of your household
apart."
"

JEWS

THE

288

of this idea

form

solution.
be

to

is to

other

any

of

Jews
I

whom

across

come

count

can

not

intimates

as

I have
malignant hatred.
of exasperation which, when
outbursts
the past, are
natural
enough ; but of

evil desire

and

live,

suffering,and
seen

acting
Jew

exceptional

should

conclude

minority, but

it

that

be

and

past
in

discovered

of

true

small

experience

common

it does

that

show

to

with

large acquaintance

might

sense

persistent
they

some

whom

be

to

of

of

instinct, I have

of

were

many

think

we

among

sort

any

heard

unconnected

out

common

sufficient

are

as

such

If

trace.

no

some

desire

instinctive

some

those

hurt

to

score

showed

who

of this

sign

hundreds

in the

one

"

society.

in all the

"

by

examined

be

can

That

it.

examined

modern

our

single case

one

have

be

it

as

for

of doctrine

against

can

either

sought

form

is

and

powers,
in
person

recollect

cannot

I have

evidence

hand

my

unaided

own

by

the

believe

not

either

believe

not

because

true

do

that

be true

to

I do

evidence
my

precisely because

is

It

the

affect

not

mass.

the

Of

I have

which

the

habit

other

each

there

and

what

and

what

from

is the

is

international,

evidence,

desire

to

if

mean,

destroy

themselves

And,

There

at
we

their

examine

accidental
is

that

society

the

is national

is of

what

plenty
antagonism, but

in

are,

there

contempt,

what

between

is

there

superiority over

quarrel between

suggesting
antagonism

intrinsic

of

sense

pages,

mutual

is the

there
a

is alien.

elements

no

secrecy,

friction,

of acute

even

in former

enumerated

of

arising in

friction,

of

causes

no

evidence

"

of
of

there

Jews

would

which

they

the
in

word,

us

is

still
found

ease.

ourselves,

we

shall be

equally

THEORIES

VAEIOUS

side to do

our

upon

there

that

convinced

is alien

thing

from

I know

reduces,

and

I cannot

part of

much

as

it.

with

agree

It

different

antagonism.
thought
large place

field of
to

seems

is

"

the

it can,

as

man

our

what

is a very

necessary
is called " modern

unconscious

moments

between

that

but

are

opposing

and

well what

the

gives to

permanent

very

action

of friction

what

in

desire
also

We

of insult

international
and

and

Jew.

to the

memory

interests

native

corresponding

no

wrong

the

exasperated by
of quarrel, of
national

is

289

reason.

that

me

man

essentiallyrational; and his politicalrelations

his conscious
be arranged consonantly with
can
his conscious
morals
and
logic.
there
is an
end
of
At any
rate, if they cannot,
all statesmanship and
of all useful politicalaction
is

details.

in

even

there

Next,
the

one

the

other

the

upon

theories
Messianic

and

his

race

that
in
the

behind

Jews

some

face
Jews

secrecy

of

two

verse
con-

is the

oi that

dread

extreme

an

being actively pursued

and
institutions
religion.

our

him

and

in his

ears,
a

should

secret

side, there

one

that, with

such

but

and

it is

of

understand

side

ultimately controlling

Jew

belief that

writings
degree to

some

affecting,

those

mean

the

on

other

destruction

can

sacred

the

of
the

on

other;

whereby,

idea

world,
the

to

attitudes

converse

question which certainly are

our
increasing audience
upon
though
perhaps an interested

an

audience

idea

two

the

towards

the

the

are

with
a

the
the
Jew

conception,
lean

towards

of

traditions
of

tone

should
or

at

it.

their

lean
any

in

rate

Certainly

of
ridiculously exaggerated power
times
recent
(it is now
declining, for

the
in

was

of

its

essence

and

it has

been

now
u

THE

290

natural
of

the

into

brought

that

panic.

communities,
his

they

Jewish

were

indifferent

idea

power

of

any

quite

of

portion
pro-

indeed,

or,

and

rest

of

out

his

to

directed

power
ends

me

abilities
upon
absent.

twentieth

ability;

towards

therefore

ends

hostile

mankind.

But

or

my
this

only exaggerations of
fundamental
implication is that
practically impossible. It connotes

its

to

rejecting not

but

seems

the

to

for

reason

that

than

numbers

saw

Jew,

more

exercising

to

which

the

saw

discussion) it was
the exaggeration
tiny fraction of most

open
fall into

should

not

community,
and

of

arena

men

They

JEWS

the
Jewish
upon
the Jewish
side, both
And

you

have

side,

will

continuous

of which

it

obviously
at
history
to anything

are

only to look
things come

long before
like a
who
it is the
Jew
struggle for supremacy
from
the suspicion of holding such
suffers most
a
of the important
Indeed, that is one
design, not we.
has
elements
in the
situation
which
dangerous
created
been
to-day.
That
large and greatly increasing body of men
fear Jewish,
and
who
domination,
are
so
vigorously
the
under
influence
reacting against the Jews
of that
much
fear, are
likely to end with
more
than
with
subservience
to
injustice to the Jew
him.
It is from
this
atmosphere that the great
to

that

see

misfortunes
of

essence

exorcised

There
more

has
had

of
any

the

solution

the
upon
is another

than

one

past
one

have
that
side

theory

learned

Jewish

repeated (after Jewish

launched
it) by many
nonto

the

effect

this

that

mood

It

is of

the

should

be

the
other.
upon
of in
I have
read

as

which

been

historians,

arisen.

which

treatise

and

authors

themselves

Jewish

the

very

societies
survival

and

of

VARIOUS
the

their

Jews,

existence

very

due

was

THEORIES

disappeared, and
difficulties can
safely
that

is, of

the

Jewish

make

to

course,
race

past,
present

the

time.

to

the
be

can

munity,
com-

in the

therefore

left

be

separate

common

that

now

This

as

conditions

to

291

assertion

general

and

absorbed,

that

conclusion
That
I
absorption is the solution.
summarily rejected in the earlier pages of this book
the historical ground that it has had
the most
on
favourable

circumstances

failed.

always
it has

But

in

the
its

of

argument

an

for

special examination:

very

Those

who

and

success

yet has

particularcase

stated

and

needing

own

one

it is this:

"

theory tell us that however

favourable
the opportunities for absorption were
the past they are
nothing to the opportunities
this

defend

the

present and the future, and

from
history fails.
argument
tell us) the Jews
exclusive
were
their

exclusiveness

mixed
them

by

little

as

and

we

on

equal

an

ourselves

maintained,
therefore

and

is dead

and

as
our

side maintained
the

upon

in

on

religionbased
abhorrent

to

their

side

around
exclusion

that

between

days,

it is

the Incarnation
upon
that religion
the Jew
;

sion
tendency to exclufrom
outside
has
disappeared ; while on the
Jewish
side there is also a great weakening of the
old religiousbond, less of the old Messianic
dogma,
and
both sides the enormous
on
melting-pot that
or

dying, and

with

of

world

those

the

made

difference

had

We

of

past (they

even

religion. They
possible with the

them.
a

the

In

insistence

and

therefore

that

in

it the

makes
1

it to

for

absorption with

I borrow
New

industrial

the

York

metaphor

an

from

particularly.

intensityand rapidity
Mr.

apply

Zangwill, who
it to the

whole

applied
modern

world.
u*

THE

292

quite

unknown

absorb

the

in the

It

past.
it took

when

Jew

traveller

ordinary

JEWS

from

was

thing

one

month

London

to

to

an

as

go

Rome,

to

is

it

another

it takes

three

days.

It

one

the

when

in the

greater

thing when
thing to absorb

part of

based

races,

another

the

of

to

bar

the

emotional

forces

is

have

quite

those

when

Jew

of the

mixing

religion,it

of

nerves

absorb

the

to

most

disappeared

"

forth.

so

the

Now

theory
In

was

upon

thing

powerful
and

there

cases

Jew

was

two-

are

the

first
between

contrast

which

reasons

bring

reject

to

me

this

fold.
I

place,
the

think

it
the

and

past

exaggerates the
In the
present.

that in the actual

world before
place, I know
where
and
those
the
conditions
me
precisely under
fusion, the action of the
melting-pot," ought to
be most
violent reaction
against
complete, the most
absorption is to be observed.
second

"

As

the

to

present,

think

it

is

apprehension of what
of that
"telescoping
alluded

in another

long story of
occupation of Judaea
ephemeral industrial
is not

past
of

and

are

not

us

more

The

to-day

twelfth
of

two

and

local

chapters,

which

the

strange

It is much

present.

the

which

for instance,

vast

ments
develop-

new

marked

which

The

centuries.
may

be

and

great modern

the

philosophy

thirteenth

thought

Roman

developments

than

chapter.

the

physical science,

remarkable

and

second

modern

of

constant

in

in architecture

the

the

comes

which

to

between

phase
into

It

been.

history

race

and

imperfect

an

in my

comprehensible

muchness.

astonish

of

up"

the

and

past

upon

past has

our

our

divided

the

based

connection

The

towns

the

between

contrast

called

"

turbance
dis-

modern

VARIOUS

THEOEIES

is not
scepticism"
spiritual change
a
which

call the

we

293

like

anything

revolution

tremendous

that

as

important

so

conversion

Eoman

of the

Empire.

scepticism is not larger to-day than it

in many
has been
specialperiods of the past. The
forbids
which
feeling of strong religious emotion
The

area

this

or

of

that

attached
in the

for

craze

present

prohibition)to
which

in the
have

past
had

think

after

wave

observing

are

and

object.
cular
parti-

non-Jew
gone

indifference

you

come

reaction, and

acute
wave

of

rapidity

of

(as

and

It has

most

the

to

Jew

of such

of the

wave

you

novel

some

will find

you

religious barrier between

peculiar to our times.

is not

times
some-

us,

among

objects, sometimes

its older

to

indifference

The

is still

action

reaction

such

to-day.
Nor

do

how

see

communications

affects

volume

the

get

can

York

of

could

the

Rhine

the

million

same

under

get

million

Jews
modern
the

for

absorption

mediaeval
It

seems

argument

Poland
to

is based

very

that

upon

from

comes

and

our

as

than

but

ago;

Jews

just
did

they

of Jews,

of

Valley

the

the

in the

friendly

opportunities
indefinitely greater in

they
the

New

to

the

from

therefore
were

than

that

me

history which
text-books

and

You

matter.

in less time

remain

to

how

even

centuries

toleration

of them,

nor

the

"

conditions

reception
their

miles

some

seem

physical

mere

Lithuania

Jews

Poland

into

Indeed,

past.

from

of 5,000

matter,

affects

Jews

distance

you

the

emigration

million

"

the

are

whole

the

in modern

America.

of this

part of the

that

prevalent view
reading our little modern

little modern

rubbishy. It is a view which

absurd
whatever
emphasis upon

text-

books

comes

is

of

are

from

contempo-

JEWS

THE

294

The

rary.

regarded
inwardly
at

any

two

modern

world

as

that

the

three

these

is

of the

Great.

the

Great

than

is

than

In

of

Innocent

in

common

the

Great

than

either

The

Empire.
time, with

like

world.

modern

In
and

general

In

has

the

with

lesson

of Innocent

Empire
the

ways

world

our

the

world

of Innocent

Roman

many

of

ways

many
like
the

world

to

pair

any

world

the

ways
more

know,

we

more

it is like the

it with

compare

between

much

many

is much

the

to

equally striking.

Antonines

the

and

difference

world

modern

of

special periods

distant,

discover

the

advance

as

the

look

physical science is
the
world
having totally changed
well
have
We
as
outwardly.
only to

modern

world

have

pagan

more

Roman

is, therefore, that

our

is but one
specialities,
specimen out of a great number
equally individual,
and
certainly there is nothing in it either of religious
old religiousbarriers
scepticism breaking down
or
other
of rapidity of
of any
communication,
or
fundamental
factor, which
specially suggests the
absorption of the Jew.

instance, the Jews

For
on

all its remarkable

much

friction

more

mixed

much

equal footing

and

more

readily,

with

far

less

particular
periods during the Islamic
occupation of Spain
than
in England
they do even
to-day. Yet they
absorbed
than
not
there, any more
were
they were
in
absorbed
Poland.
absorbed
not
were
They
into
Eoman

that

among

the

Mohammedans

older, tolerant,

very

at

denationalized

pagan

they so often had full civic

rights and where
they even
manipulated, as they
manipulate to-day, the finances of the community.
As for the decay of exclusiveness
their part, I
on
no
see
sign of it. For this exclusiveness
proceeds
world

where

VARIOUS

not

much

so

relax

may

from

as

fluctuates

one

in

If

falsity of
have

"

was

take

to

effect

been

the

Jews

into

New

York,

city

short

so

It is red

the

the

face.

We

Mr.

of

turning
under

time

did

us

we

It is

spirit of
in

than

Ford

Jews,

this

great influx

As

our

New

intense

an

that

phrase

his

and

the

the

famous

we

be

better
I tfyink,

owe,

against

"

his paper
the
Dearborn
It is all very well to talk of the

; '

World.

propaganda

through

says he, "but

in that pot, it looks

pot,"

so

far

the

Jews

as

though they

wanted

from

as

expressing
day ;
every

cannot

which

Jews

Old

reaction

reaction

the

indifferent

greater violence

and

it in

see

in

and

all know,

we

of

York

eyes

uprising, in that once

such
a
feeling against

greater

expressed

the

the

this

of

Jewish
of

of

hot.

itself with

the

people.

the

been

atmosphere,
would
appal

to

third

space

effect has

and

as

one

has

in

us

low

so

observation,

to

stares

What

into

of the

argument

theory

sinks

which

the
point, where
metaphor
applies (and to which
melting-pot" most
York.
originallyapplied), the city of New

but

of the
it

the

tradition

never

continuance

from

turn

we

but

intensity

jeopardize the

to

national

invariable

an

295

which
particular observance
period and tighten up at another,

from

at

THEORIES

pendent."
Inde-

meltingmelting
to

melt

pot itself."
There

opportunity
itself.

you
"most

have

in

the

have

races,

utterly

have

for

You

different
so

have,

you

of

present

of
in

from

small

in

ours

the

as

proportion
stocks

if

anywhere, an
absorption to prove

including great

European

of them

York,

theory

different

certain

New

an

large numbers.

field

of

masses

the

indefinite

race

You

negro.
of Chinamen

You

of

score

and

variety
have

not

JEWS

THE

296

only in civic
or
even
only in local establishments
in actual
practice in enthusiastic
theory, but
practice a complete equality and a positive pride
"

"

in

the

reception of
immigration, in the
be moulded
elements
where

they

peace

between

American

them.

of violent

exclusion,
but

of

sign

no

there

at

rapidly;

the

admitted

of clamour:

even

In

absorption.

tion
situa-

appears.
provocation, of
and

and

Jew

once

debate

least

at

was

arrives

Then

situation
totally new
of challenge, of

of these

absorbed

absorbed

not

were

of

rapidly

can

Most

form.
and

absorbed,

were

all

that

certitude

into the

elements

what

matter

no

of all the

presence

absorption, difference
is growing
non-Jew
and
between
Jew
and
hatred
in New
the vitality of a tropical plant.
York
with
not
There
is yet another
theory which, if it were
advanced
been
not
by
widely held and if it had
so

should

that

elements

it has

But

such

no

is

It

met.

I should

less

no

people

as

than

the

theory

it must

that

there

whole

as

cussion.
dis-

and

the

that

Jews,

aside

serious

for

advanced

been

the

leave

unfit

something

comic,

something

for

themselves,

Jews

many

make

be
are

thing

is illusion.
This

hardly

say,

upon

examination
has

Men,

unreason.

found

affirm

to

measured
the

for that

especiallyJewish
most
solemnly

colours

discovered

the
!

result

People

that
who

"

a
"

need

scientific

"

scientific

"

kind

of

every
men,

have

been

they had
of hair, catalogued
facial angles, analysed

sections

of eyes, established
blood, and applied I know

based,

word

with

associated

skulls, taken

tricks, with
be

be

to

is called

what

of the affair

come

is

affirmation

monstrous

not

that

how

Jewish

no

can

reason

many

other

type could
thus

do

THEORIES

VARIOUS

not

nominalism

between

"a

realism,

and

philosophic joke

old

the

of

fundamental

the

appreciate

to

seem

297

have

to

or

the

on

quarrel
heard

definition

of

apple

be

thing."
know

We

to
can
man
we

be

to

Chinaman

apple, a

an

horse

horse,

be

to

an

Chinaman,

or

to
a

Jew

which
philosophers
on
process
of which
the virtue
no
sane
debate, but upon
of which
the right action
and
doubts
upon
tell me
that
The chemist
lives.
base all our
may

be

Jew

by

some

lump of coal gives the

result as the chemical
analysis of a diamond,
same
at
to which
man
capable of using his reason
any
of
all will reply that
large number
a
very
upon
other lines of analysis,colour, touch, combustibility,
hardness
and
value, prevalence
softness, economic
the two
the same.
not
are
(and so on indefinitely),
had
made
No
no
analysis is complete, and if we
the

analysis of

chemical

still perceive
could
analysis at all, we
diamond.
that a lump of coal is not
at once
a
It is just the same
with
these
pseudo- scientific
truth.
They pullulate
attempts to disprove obvious
and
because
they are all equally ridiculous
insufficient data.
The
existence
from
they deduce
differentiation
and
of the Jewish
people as a race
ethnically and as a nation politicallyis as much
fact as the existence
of coal or diamonds.
a
They
because
a nation
are
politically
they act as a nation,
conscious

because

their

individual
function.

corporate
separate race

When
or

his

you

meet

characteristics

we

Jew,

friend, you

expression,

We

because

meet

certain
which

you

feel and

members
know
can

see

whether
a

Jew.

them

to

that

they

not

be

are.

his enemy
has a certain

are

certain

manner,

may

you
He

exercise

be able

physical
to analyse

at

JEWS

THE

298

the

moment

impression
with

particular

It

is

be

of

true,
fades

types,

but

there

the

Jewish

certain

only
crop
grave

it

note

up

in

political

is

the

issue.

like
there

race.

general

all
will

doubt
with

always
whether

of

non-Jew,

which

round

up.

Mongolian

objection
it

course

Jewish

type

built

dealing

is

That

type,

as

or

forth.

so

because
the

is

there

take

or

central

type

and

in

Jew

marked

that

and

the

you

are

the

type,

be

may

racial

not

the

give
you

wit,

to

edges,

with

type,

do

the

at

you

is

as

negroid
I

off

dealing

are

that

that

course,

which

but

certitude

thing,

where

cases

you

the

and

him,

see

you

has
of

been
any

very

made,
discussion

seriously.
and

may
on

this

HABIT

OR

LAW?

CHAPTER

XV

OR

HABIT

it be

IE

that

true

the

civilization

his

habit

by

his

galls

of

that

and

which

friction,
But

remain,

there

and

the

the

threat

the

world.

least

is

of

its

But

might

have

follows

the

lies

in

whatever,

can

rate

that

mixed

The

he

can

is,

lines

with

though

it be

an

modified

by

help

such
at

that

great
301

It

the

ing
modify-

the

to

at

further

that

the

other

will,

superior,

superiority

expression.
a

fect,
imper-

and

ineradicable.

feeling

of

in

might

party

irritant

(with

be
we

either

kind

difference

problem

something

expression
modify

the
of

is
be

can

cannot

the

of

its action

up

Jew

help

the

that

friendship.

not

elements

along

whatever

is not

though

latent

to-day

the

stable

reasonably

peace,

of

solution

the

trast
con-

contrast.

all

over)

the

certain

question

though

even

be

from

solution

boiling

and

follow

to

come

it

the

of

boiling

charity

approximate:

simmering

which

it would

accompanies

between

active

it

be

with

always

of

than

more

and

by

superiority

him,

arrangement

and

aggravated

lack

with

Jew

disingenuousness,

of

by

be

can

whatever
will

side

the

is

our

sense

dealing

in

lives

by

our

on

solution

no

that

of

between

he

and

secrecy

intelligence

of

which

expression

us,

friction

the
in

LAW?

expense

He

of

he

but
at
"

can

any
tainly,
cer-

tradition

THE

302

JEWS

habit, get rid of that

and

which
of secrecy
him
ourselves.
and
is the
the

lack

our

relations

of

all the

poisons
We

of that

converse

pestilent pseudo- defence

candour,
the

with

on

relations
side

our

drop what
disingenuousness,

the

secrecy,

which

into
Jew.

between

can

we

That

fallen

are

but

cannot

in

mean

with
tradition
and
with
habit
our
great breach
the sacrifice.
We
also, but the advantage is worth
work
of each
be the
individual, it
(it must
can
a

be

cannot

corporate work) approach the Jew

yet with

and

with

frequency. We
I think, advance
by many
degrees from the
can,
lack of charity we
if we
show, even
now
despair of
livingin real intimacy with a people so different in
their deepest qualitiesfrom
ourselves.
that
such
closer
not
Personally, I am
sure
I have
intimacy might not be established
never
;
found
difficulty in reaching and
retaining
any
intimate
of my
acquaintance with the Jews
own
respect

more

circle
that

but

"

with
the

those

why

will

should

relations

still

repeat

truth:

citizens

only
but
on

the
the

both

mix

with

so,

and

the

of that

perhaps
of

hesitation

in

our

indifference, still less of

of

for

solution:

it

is

respect.
is here
is

no

of it

as

this
a

than

more

Jewish

nation

telling of
sides.

to

that

formula

there

use

know

less, again, of cruelty.

the

recognition and
Kecognition
the

it is not

remain

element

an

contempt,

fortunate.

always
mass
him something strange and able,
unapproachfear, repulsive. But there is no reason,

about

we

have
been
may
of my
fellows
most
I

Jew

and

more

and

the

nation.

recognition

truth

regular

on

habit

tellingof
Jews
means

are

not

special occasions
in

our

relations

OR

HABIT
This

question,

analysis of the
simple, that it

just
any
and
obvious
so

so

insistence

neither

needs

303

is, upon

statement

Jewish

LAW?

Its

plain statement

to

solution

it

upon

determined

there

But

is sufficient.

so

development.

nor

much

attaches
active

more

the
uncertainty
complicated question, upon
another
but
of which
not
only this reform
many
be
The
has
made
question must
shipwreck.
it wrongly,
answered
rightly,because, if we answer
and

the

whole

fails.

scheme

the social habit,

question is this : Should
in writing and
the general method
speaking and in
the institutional
all relations, precede in this case
definitions?
action, legal changes, constitutional
the legal changes, the new
Or should
institutions,
The

the

constitutional
decide

To

effect
In
that
to

rightly

that

reason,

definitions,to
of

be

suggested by
of their
their

may

destroy

this

all the

own

spirit.

new

order

true

of

admitted,

the

attempt

I take

would

it that

make

all

course,

that

changes

themselves, the development

institutions, a voluntary segregation of

community
have

the

institutions, and

new

impossible.

peace
must

build

to

reversal

stable
It

decision

wrong

for

great moment,

goodwill.
would
be
decision
judgment the wrong
my
would
which
give precedence to legal change,

of them

this

is of

first ?

come

of

new

out

definitions

Jews

in other

fields than

those

in which

segregation, stand
in another
These
and
definitely
new
category.
Jewish
institutions
should
always welcome.
we
But
the
at
framing public regulations,
attempt
which
whole
the
to
defend
a
are
as
community
that minority must
against an alien minority, when
they

already

effected

that

THE

304

live with

JEWS

permanently and as a regular feature

of the life of the community,
invariably tends to
the first
oppression, if such regulations are made
of being left, as they
instead
steps in a settlement
should
be, to the last.
Any separatist legislation
arise naturally out
should
of a long practice and
full recognition of the Jews
a
as
separate people
and
of the accompaniment
of that recognition with
one

If the

respect.
Jew

refuse

may

in

class has

insisted

enjoy

all that

continue

at

insist, as

and

he

the

on

the

time

same

he

does

will continue

he

that

ever

what

on

(and there

that

may

another

many

is

recognition,the fullest recognition

our
community.
own
If he

dig
privileged

He

enjoyed, that he will

for a dual allegiance,that he
fullest recognition as a Jew,

has

very

side, the

our

on

bargain.

him,

before

his demand

will insist
and

such

any

his heels

to

is made

advance

are

fatal

as

of

member

those

such

to

tell

who

us

will

certainlydo so, and will refuse all reform),

then
the community
will be compelled to legislate
in spite of him.
and
It will be perilous for him
for us ; it
be the beginning of grievous
even
may
trouble

for both,

appear
which

in

The
It is
has

will affect

reached

elsewhere.

this

uncertain
further

But

with

country

situation

present

already

legislation all

of

mass

stages

if the

Jew

here, in

acceptable

to

out

both

of

which

indefinitely.
England ; it
ruin

the

road

sees

the

peril in time,
change, the

of that
appreciates the nature
all seen
have
beginnings of which
we
proceeding at so great a pace, then
established

rest.

on

and

be

Europe,

over

the
last

cannot
even

It will

inevitable.

it will be

but

and

to

relations

(later) formal

parties,should

proceed.

is

which
can

rules,
And

in

HABIT
that

it would

case

initiate

to

before

only

be
open

that

Israel

be, of

is

is

differs

in

still far

those

shirk
and
upon

that

effort

But

the

I would

thoughtful Jew who

the false position of

whether

the

to-day

as

Take

force.

felt to

European
and

be

The

Governments

as

of each

has

than

(but ^particularly the

in

to

intelligent
he can
rely
century

support

him

foreign
ment
Govern-

the

Western

strain

here

by

not

arose

action

American

from

is
the

of outsiders;

American

Eastern

posed
im-

the

upon

The

in

countries

other

any

it

and

temporarily

country

full citizen.

erected

well

change

in b oth these

aggravated because
of society but from
nature
the
the
English, the French, the
have

may

Poland

In

been

immensely

English)

to

the

at

be, is imposed

society

any

there

are

Jew, who
alien

more

could

fiction

ask

it

security

nineteenth

the

particular example.
old

of

still thinks

present then

the

by

forces

same

were

Roumania

is

past,

dislike

yet,

ance
inherit-

the

false

who

change.

be

past, the
of that

as

peril seems

though it may
neighbours. Routine,
conventions

the

because

The

the

selves.
our-

because

us,

immediate

cannot

with

more

communities.

can

reality,by
everywhere

felt here

still

the

by

and

delay,

to

is not

problem

status

that

confounded

be

not

from

our

the

produced by
tempt

of

well-to-do, and

of

of

admission

apart, is not,

different

door

and

nation

errors

new

prepared

admission

the

distant

relations;

great temptation

the

among

and

continual

shall

of

acuteness

305

been

frank

and

There

very

by

and

us,

had

of honest

done

the

laws

positive

new

foundation

LAW?

be, I repeat, the gravest of

establishment

re-

OR

ments*
Governand

the

Europe

this

THE

306

unstable,
It

artificial

and

unjust

it

last, for

cannot

JEWS

communities

of

state

affairs.

is unreal.

in

make
question may
no
which
alternatively,the
recognize the Jew;
is open
the moment
for oppression : and
the
weakens, oppression will
foreign interference
The

Well,
social

when

difficultyand
is

torn

recognizing
the
have

the

would
well

he

the

ago

the

from

that

West

he
now

would
he

as

knows

He

ago

would

you

very

have

of

got from

all

from

France,

the

of
governing class and the whole
then
the
organization, from what
was
still respected body
of old Republicans,

that

the

to

answer

would

answer

enthusiastic.

and

think

Liberalism

immediate

England

ment
settle-

of its

its academic
and

real

not.

traditional

solid

of hearts

thirty years

years

great bulk

an

had

would

Thirty

come.

the

by

support

same

have

hated

unreal

the

one,

door

laws
passing of new
under
(but harshly, and
no
him) or by actual hostility,does

in his heart

Jew

of

pressure

crucial

up,
the
Jew

with

agreement

the

under

laws

have

would

You

Jewish

appeal.
unanimous

been

have

In

had

torrents

of

leading articles, great public meetings, Cabinet

the
Ministers
place in the
speechifying all over
that
sacred
of toleration.
knows
cause
Every one
Jews, though it
to-day the appeal of the Eastern
be received
would
might still be supported officially,
Ten
hence
by the public with indifference.
years
it may
be
Or
take
is

with

another

down,

soldiers'
and

that

"

to

that

the

Englishmen

lives risked
refuse

derision.

example.

highly probable

breaks

own

received

in

support

Let

us

suppose

Zionist
refuse

it

experiment
to

quarrel which
out

"

of their

have

their

is not

their

inordinate

OR

HABIT

LAW?

307

top-heavy colony which

gives them
them
On
not
at all.
advantage and concerns
of that
breakdown
experiment, should it come

taxation
no

the

would

soon,

that

establishment

years

indifference

not

get,

active

most

has

stream

in

turned

have

and
than

to

is

there

although
in which
When
essay,

the

had

men

towards

are

the

thing
still large areas

but

world

the

has

desire

for

blind

action

to

the

of Western

culty.
diffi-

urgent,

society
forgotten.

that

point,
still

is

rather

me

half

been
ment
settle-

of

seems

which

in

would

you

examination

recommended

Ten

not.

change

is masked
its urgency
and
"
"
I
I mean
urgent
say
which
is to-day still to the

solution

ten

even

the

over

re-

direction.

than

why

its

establishment,

same

reasoned

That

All

rather

move

towards

re-

effect of that

the

hatred

excite

such

to

hostility.

Unfortunately
to

would

you

for

support

There
certainly would
ago ?
hence
it is probable enough that

years

the

the

still be

there

this

my

and

the

feasible,

the
of its writer,
lifetime
well, within
very
may
become
old-fashioned
of all recognition. The
out

settlement

peaceful

and

vagueness
years

as

here

softness

of date,

out

as

proposed

of outline

unreal

with

deliberate
in

seem

may

few

the intervening

through

the
change, as do to-day the old tags about
purity of parliamentary life and the seriousness
of party politics.
at the end of this generaMy solution may
appear
tion
situation
as
mildly inapplicable to the acute
then
appear
demand

arisen

between

to-day
for

Home

soon

is

yet time.

For

Jews

old debates
Rule

possible and

as

as

the

the

in

in
settle

the

on

the
the

swirl

and
the

ourselves
very

'80's.

thing
and

as

tentative
Let

while

rapids

act

us

there
of

the

THE

308

modern
a

calm,

great

every
a

which

world,
but

unconcluded,
the

than

as

with

and

cataract,

every

year

conflict;
debate, still
to

immemorial

Islam

between

towards

on

towards

as

approach

nearer

the

less

not

takes

debate

more

none

grow
intense

more

stronger form,

and

JEWS

Christendom

and

Beni- Israel.

But

for

my

part,

"

say,

Peace

be

Printed in Great Britain by Butler " Tanner, From*

to

Israel."

and London,