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  • Nervoussystemlabreport

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    Action Potential also known as a nerve impulses is the events of electrical response that takes place in a cell. Action Potential occurs when the membrane potential (electrical charge) rises and falls. The neutron then sends electrical impulse down an axon away from the cell body. This lab report will also address the effects of toxins on the action potential.

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    Action Potential also known as a nerve impulses is the events of electrical response that takes place in a cell. Action Potential occurs when the membrane potential (electrical charge) rises and falls. The neutron then sends electrical impulse down an axon away from the cell body. This lab report will also address the effects of toxins on the action potential.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    19 просмотров5 страниц

    Nervoussystemlabreport

    Загружено:

    api-296604364
    Action Potential also known as a nerve impulses is the events of electrical response that takes place in a cell. Action Potential occurs when the membrane potential (electrical charge) rises and falls. The neutron then sends electrical impulse down an axon away from the cell body. This lab report will also address the effects of toxins on the action potential.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 5

    LoganBoyett

    NervousSystemLabReport

    Thislabreportwilladdressanormalcellenvironmentwheretheactionpotentialoccursinthe
    neurontriggerzonewhenthemembranepotential(electricalcharge)risesandfalls,theneutron
    thensendselectricalimpulsedownanaxonawayfromthecellbodyanditwillalsoaddressthe
    effectsoftoxinsontheactionpotentialfollowedbycranialnerveandreflextesting.Action
    potentialalsoknownasanerveimpulsesistheeventsofelectricalresponsethattakesplacein
    acell,causedwhendifferentionscrossestheneuronmembrane.Thefirsteventinanaction
    potentialisdepolarizationwherethesodiumionschangefromanegativetoapositivelevelat
    themembraneoftheneuron.Theeventafterdepolarizationknownasrepolarization,iswhen
    thecellrepolarizesitselfbyusingitssodiumpotassiumpumplocatedinthemembrane,for
    everythreesodiumionsitpumpsout,itpumpsintwopotassiumionsuntiltheproperchargeis
    reached.Duringtherefractoryperiod,whichlastsaround1/2500ofasecond,theaxons
    voltagegatedsodiumchannelsarenotresponsiveatall,andtheaxoncannotbestimulatedto
    produceanotheractionpotential.Thefiguresbelowrepresentsallinformationanddata
    collectedbyresearchingactionpotentialfurtherandlabsperformedwiththeinformationabove.
    Figure1.0NormalActionPotential

    Figure1.0NormalActionPotentialDescriptionThisgraphrepresentsthedataofaNormal
    ActionPotential.FirstyouhavethebuilduporDepolarization,andfinallywhenyouhitthepeak
    orhighestamountofenergy,thatsknownastheActionPotential,andthecooldownfactorin
    whichlevelsgobackdowntoregularortoaconsistenttypepattern,thatisknownas
    Repolarization.SometimesactionpotentialsareknownasSpikesbecausetheyspikeupreal

    quickandspontaneousandwithinthenextfewsecondstheyregone.ActionPotentialscanbe
    asquickas2secondsandonlyhappenbecauseyouneededtoraiseyourarmtosneeze,so
    theymaynotlookverycomplexontheoutside,buttheyare.

    Figure2.0Toxins

    Thefigureaboveshowswhatdifferenttoxinswoulddotodifferentorganisms,aswellasthe
    physicaleffectssuchaspain,swellingofcertainareas,etc.,andalsothenervesandchannels
    inyourbodysuchaspotassium,sodium,calciumchannels,etc.Sometoxinscandothingslike
    makeyourstomachhurtorgiveyouaheadache,butotherscanberealcomplex,andclose
    downcertainsystemsandpartsofyourbodythatareessentialtoyou,andyoucandiefrom
    that.

    Figure3.0CranialFunctions

    Cranialnervesarenervesthatemergedirectlyfromthebrain(includingthebrainstem),in
    contrasttospinalnerves(whichemergefromsegmentsofthespinalcord).Cranialnervesrelay
    informationbetweenthebrainandpartsofthebody,primarilytoandfromregionsofthehead
    andneck.
    All12ofcranialnerveshavedifferentpartsofthebodyinwhichtheyreresponsible
    for.Eachonehastodowithacertainresponseyourbodyhasormakes,suchassenseofsmell,
    senseofhearing,senseofseeing,etc.
    Thecranialnervesareconsideredpartoftheperipheral

    nervoussystem(PNS),
    butonastructuralleveltheolfactory,opticandterminalnervesaremore
    consideredpartofthecentralnervoussystem(CNS).Eachcranialnerveiseitherasensorynerve
    whichwillsendsignalstothesenses(eyes,nose,ears,etc.),oramotornervewhichwillsend
    signalstothemusclesorglandswhichwillthendothephysicalwork.

    Figure4.0ReflexDrawing

    Areflexisaninvoluntaryandspontaneousresponsetosortsomeofstimulus(pain,light,
    temperature,etc.)Reflexesoccurwhenasensoryinputcontinuesthroughaoneormoreneuronal
    synapsesandendsinamotorreaction.Themotorreactionisamovementofalimbwhichits
    processiscalledaReflexArc.Thedrawingaboveisthesitewhereallthereflexesoriginate
    fromtheReflexArc.Itstartsofwithareceptor,goestotheafferentorsensoryneuronandthe
    actionpotentialbeingtransmittedintothespinalcord,wherethemotororefferentneuronthen
    goesintotheeffectorandtheresponseisgiven(Ex:FlexionorExtension.)

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