Genetics

The Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTiOETaZg4w

Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk whose famous work was done in the garden
with ___________________.

During Mendels time people assumed that if a white squirrel and a black squirrel
were to have babies, the baby would be _________________.

After breeding purely purple flowering plants with purely white flowering plants
Mendel discovered three important things.

Conclusion #1 - The pea plants were inheriting a ____________________ of genetic

instructions one from each plant.

What do we call versions of a gene? ____________________

____________________ are the genetic instructions.

____________________ is the outward appearance of the flower.

The Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel

Conclusion #2 One allele is stronger than the other, in other wards

____________________. While the other allele was ____________________.

If a plant inherited one purple and one white allele, what color would the offspring's flowers
be? ____________________ (because it is dominant).

Conclusion #3 The trait being thrown into the mix is completely

____________________, however a dominant allele is always going to trump a
recessive allele.

Law of Segregation

Every individual possesses ____________________ alleles for any particular trait.

Which allele a parent gives their offspring is completely ____________________.

The offspring receives one allele from __________ and one from __________.

Of the two alleles the ________________ one is the trait the offspring will express.

If both alleles are ____________________, then the recessive trait will be expressed.

Traits that have been shown to operate under Mendels Laws are called
____________________ traits.

Punnett Squares (Example 1)

Punnett Squares are used to predict the outcome of a breeding experiment.

Example: What are the potential outcomes of crossing a pure purple flowering plant
with a pure white flowering plant?

Step 1 Naming alleles:

Use only one letter to represent the allele options.

The dominant allele is labeled with an upper case letter, while the recessive allele gets the lower case
version of the same letter.

What letter should we use for the purple allele?

What letter should we use for the white allele?

Step 2 Draw your Punnett Square and write one parents alleles on one side and the other
parents on a different side.

Step 3 Show cross.

Step 4 Determine potential outcomes.

What are the possible genotypes for the offspring?

What are the possible phenotypes for the offspring?

Punnett Squares (Example 2)

What are the potential outcomes of crossing homozygous purple plant with a
heterozygous purple plant?

Homozygous (purebred) an individual with two of the same alleles (PP or pp)

Heterozygous (hybrid) an individual with two different alleles (Pp)

What are the chances of having an offspring with purple flowers?

What are the chances of having an offspring with white flowers?

Punnett Squares (Example 3)

Cross a purebred white flowering plant with a hybrid purple flowering plant.

List the possible genotypes.

List the possible phenotypes.

What are the chances of having a white flowering plant?

What are the chances of having a purple flowering plant?