Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1.PersonalPronouns
Herearethepersonalpronouns,followedbysomeexamplesentences:
number person
personal
pronouns
Gender
subject
Object
//antesdoverbo //depoisdoverbo
singular 1st
male/female
me=>eu,me
2nd
male/female
you
you=>voc,tu
3rd
Male
he
him=>ele,ele
Female
she
her=>ela,ela
Neuter
it
it=>ele/ela(coisa)
Plural
1st
male/female
we
us=>ns,nos
2nd
male/female
you
you=>vs,vocs
3rd
male/female/neuter they
them=>eles,elas
Examples(ineachcase,thefirstexampleshowsa
subjectpronoun
,thesecondan
object
pronoun
):
I
likecoffee.
Johnhelped
me
.
Do
you
likecoffee?
Johnloves
you
.
He
runsfast.
DidRambeat
him
?
She
isclever.
DoesMaryknow
her
?
It
doesn'twork.
Cantheengineerrepair
it
?
We
wenthome.
Anthonydrove
us
.
Do
you
needatableforthree?
DidJohnandMarybeat
you
atdoubles?
They
playeddoubles.
JohnandMarybeat
them
.
Wealsooftenuse
it
totalkabouttheweather,temperature,timeanddistance:
It
'sraining.
It
willprobablybehottomorrow.
Is
itnineo'clockyet?
It
's50kilometresfromheretoCambridge.
2.PossessiveAdjectives
e
PossessivePronouns
Geralmenteosestudantesdeinglsseconfundemarespeitodostermosgramaticais
PossessiveAdjectives
e
PossessivePronouns
edecomouslos.Compreensvel,
afinalessestermossoligeiramenteparecidos.Sevoctemessasdvidas,minha
intenoacabarcomelasagoraporqueos
possessiveadjectives
eos
possessive
pronouns
sofacilmenteencontradosemtextosformaisenaconversaoinformal.
Parafacilitaroaprendizado,vamosreverossignificadosdostermosgramaticais
adjective
(adjetivo),
pronoun
(pronome)e
possessive
:
Adjective
vemdolatim
ad
aoladode+
jacre
pr,deitar.Ouseja,
adjective
palavra
quese
deitaaolado
deoutra.Oadjetivosedeitaoupostoaoladodeum
substantivo.
Pronoun
vemdolatim
pro
emlugarde+
nomen
nome.Ouseja,
pronoun
colocado
nolugardeumnome
.Opronomepostonolugardeumsubstantivo,
substituindoo.Relembroavocqueosubstantivotambmchamadode
nome
como
na
concordncianominal
naqualhconcordnciadegnero,nmeroe
nome
.
Possessive
vemdolatim
possessvus
queindicapossesso,doverbo
possidre
possuir.
Agoraquevocestntimodostermosgramaticais,vejamosos
PossessiveAdjectives
e
os
PossessivePronouns
natabelaabaixo:
Pessoa
s
Possessive
Adjectives
Possessive
Pronouns
//juntodo
substantivo
//quandonovemjunto
substantivo
Traduo
My
Mine
Meu(s),minha(s)
You
Your
Yours
Teu(s),tua(s),seu(s),sua(s),devoc
He
His
His
Dele(s),seu(s),sua(s)
She
Her
Hers
Dela(s),seu(s),sua(s)
It
Its
Its
Dele(s),dela(s),seu(s),sua(s)
We
Our
Ours
Nosso(s),nossa(s)
You
Your
Yours
Vosso(s),vossa(s),seu(s),sua(s),de
vocs
They
Their
Theirs
Dele(s),dela(s),seu(s),sua(s)
UsodosPossessiveAdjectives
Ospossessiveadjectivesnoseflexionam,ouseja,valemtantoparaosingularcomo
paraoplural.Empregueospossessiveadjectivesantesdesubstantivos(possessive
adjective+substantivo):
My
car,
my
cars
Your
car,
your
cars
His
car,
his
cars
Their
car,
their
cars
UsosdosPossessivePronouns
Ospossessivepronounsnoseflexionam,ouseja,valemtantoparaosingularcomo
paraoplural.Empregueospossessivepronounsparasubstituiracombinao
(possessiveadjective+substantivo),paraevitarrepeties:
Mycarisblue,
yours
isred.(EmvezdeMycarisblue,yourcarisred.)
Yourcarisred,
mine
isblue.(emvezdeYourcarisred,mycarisblue.)
Hiscarisgreen,
hers
ispink(emvezdeHiscarisgreen,hercarispink.)
Empregueospossessivepronounsapsapreposio
of
numaconstruoespecial:
Heisafriendofmine.(Eleumdosmeusamigos.)
Sheiswearingadressofhers.(Elaestusandoumdosvestidosdela./Elaestusando
umdosseusvestidos.)
Ateno
:OsPossessivePronounsnuncasousadosantesdesubstantivo,poissua
funosubstituilo.
Review(Reviso)
Pronouns(PersonalandPossessive)
Personal
Pronouns
Possessive
Adjectivesand
Pronouns
possessive
adjective
subjectform objectform
possessivepronoun
Me
my
Mine
You
You
your
Yours
He
Him
his
His
She
Her
her
Hers
It
It
its
Its
we
us
our
Ours
you
you
your
Yours
they
them
their
Theirs
EXERCISES(EXECCIOS)
1)Escolhaopronomemaisadequadoepreenchaosespaosembranco.
A)Shedecidedtobuysomeflowersfor......mother.(Her,she,hers)
B)Weleftforthefarmwith.......families.(Us,our,we)
C)Hehired.....(She,hers,her)
D)Theyfound......mistake.(They,them,their)
E)Iwon.....firstawardin2001.(I,my,mine)
F)Ithas.....upsanddowns.(It,its)
MiniTeste
Observeaspalavrasgrifadasabaixoedigaseelasso
possessiveadjectives
ou
possessivepronouns
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Thisbookis
ours
.
Thesecopybooksare
theirs
.
Its
houseisclean.
Thesecarsare
hers
.
AlessandroandAdirarefriendsof
ours
.
Thisis
its
bone.
Hewasanenemyof
his
.
Theseare
our
books.
Sheisarelativeof
mine
.
His
caris
mine
now.
1.Estelivronosso.
2.Estescadernossodeles.
3.Suacasaestlimpa.
4.Estescarrossodela.
5.AlessandroeAdirsoamigosnossos.
6.Esteoseuosso.
7.Eleerauminimigodele.
8.Estessoosnossoslivros.
9.Elaumparentemeu.
10.Seucarromeuagora
.
3.
LoveOfMyLife(Queen)
1Loveof______(MINEMEMY)life,you'vehurtme
2You'vebrokenmyheart,now_______(YOUYOUR)leave______(MEMINE).
3Loveof________(MINEMY)lifecan'tyousee,
4Bringitbackbringitback,
5Don'ttakeitawayfromme,
6Becauseyoudon'tknow
7Whatitmeansto_______(MINEME).
8Loveofmylifedon'tleave________(MYMINEME),
9You'vetakenmylove,younowdesertme,
10Loveofmylifecan't_______(YOURYOURSYOU)see,
11Bring______(ITITS)backbringitback,
12Don'ttakeitawayfromme,
13Becauseyoudon'tknow
14Whatitmeanstome.
15Youwillremember
16Whenthisisblownover,
17Andeverythingsallbytheway,
18WhenIgrowolder,
19Iwillbethereatyourside,
20ToremindyouhowIstillloveyou
21Istilllove_______(YOUYOURYOURS)
22Hurrybackhurryback
23Don'ttakeitawayfromme,
24Becauseyoudon'tknow
25Whatitmeanstome
26Loveofmylife
27Yeah...
4.
Content:
PersonalPronounsSubjectPronounsAdjectivepronounsPossessivepronouns.
Anyonewhohavealoveclosetothis
KnowswhatI'msaying
Anyonewhowantsadreamtocometrue
KnowshowI'mfeeling
All_________(IYOU)canthinkof
Isyouand________(MEMINE)doingthethings
Iwannado
All_______(IYOU)imagine
Isheavenonearth
Iknow________'s(ITITS)you
Anyonewhoeverkissedintherain
Knowsthewholemeaning
Anyonewhoeverstoodinthelight
Needsnoexplaining
Buteverythingmoreorless
Appearssomeaningless,
Blueandcold
Walkingalone
Throughtheafternoontraffic,
Imiss_______(YOUYOUR)so
Anyonewhofeltlike_______(IYOU)do
Anyonewhowasn'treadytofall
AnyonewholovedlikeIdo
Knows_________(ITITS)neverreallyhappensatall
It'soverwhenit'sover
WhatcanIdoabout________(ITITS)
Nowthatit'sover
Everythingmoreorless
Islookingsomeaningless
Andfadestogrey
Lyingawakeinanoceanofteardrops,
___________(IYOU)floataway
AnyonewhoeverfeltlikeIdo
Anyonewhowasn'treadytofall
AnyonewholovedlikeIdo
Knows_________(ITITS)neverreallyhappensatall
It'soverwhenit'sover
WhatcanIdoabout____________(ITITS)
Nowthatit'sallover
3.PresentContinuousGerndio(afirmativo)
O
Present Continuous
utilizado para expressar aes no presente, as quais acontecemnomomento
em que se fala, para indicar eventos futuros que tenham sido planejados econfirmadosouaindapara
expressarcertezadequealgoiracontecer.
Em
portugus
, o gerndio tem a seguinte terminao
ndo
, como por exemplo:
Eu estou caminhando
agora
. No ingls, formase com a
conjugao do verbo to be (am/is/are) + o verbo principal com a
terminao ing
. Ele geralmente acompanha advrbios de tempo:
now
(agora),
at present
(no
presente),
atthemoment
(nomomento)eetc.
Observeoverbo
tospeak
:
Pronome
I
You
He
She
It
Verbotobe
am
are
is
are
We
You
They
Verbonogerndio
Speak
ing
O verbo to be
pode ser abreviado. As abreviaes so utilizadas na fala, visto que informal fazer
abreviaes.Naescrita,dispensamseabreviaes.Observe:
Pronome
I
You
He
She
It
Verbotobe
'm
're
's
're
We
You
They
Para transformar um verbo em Present Continuous, a adio do ing, h que se observar algumas
regras:
VERBOSTERMINADOSEME:
retiraseoeeacrescentaseing
Change
(mudar):changing
EXCEES:
Be
(ser,estar):being
live
(viver):living
lie
(mentir):lying
Ex.:Iamhavingdinnernow.(Euestoujantandoagora.)
Youarelying.(Vocestmentindo.)
VERBOS DE UMA SLABA (OU DUAS, DESDE QUE A LTIMA SEJA TNICA,
TERMINADOS NA SEQUNCIA CONSOANTEVOGALCONSOANTE):
dobrase a
ltimaletraeacrescentaseing
run(correr):
running
stop(parar):
stopping
Ex.:Sarahisrunningveryfast.(Sarahestcorrendomuitorpido.)
Heisstoppingatthecorner.(Eleestparandonaesquina.)
Obs.:Eminglsbritnico,dobraseaconsoanteL=>travel(viajar):travelling
EXCEO:Nosedobramasconsoanteswex:
Snow
(nevar):snowing
fix
(arrumar):fixing
MASCASOASLABATNICASEJAAPRIMEIRA:
somenteacrescentaseing
open(abrir):
opening
happen(acontecer):
happening
VERBOSTERMINADOSEMY:
acrescentaseing
play
(jogar):playing
say
(dizer):saying
Ex.:Wait!Iamplayingvideogame.(Espere!Euestoujogandovideogame.)
Look!Heissayingsomething.(Olhe!Eleestdizendoalgumacoisa.)
try
(tentar):trying
cry
(chorar):crying
Ex.:Thisexerciseisdifficult.Imtryingtodoit.(Esseexercciodifcil.Euestoutentandofazlo.)
OhmyGod,sheiscrying.(meuDeus,elaestchorando.)
VERBOSTERMINADOSEMIE:
trocaseoieporyeacrescentaseing
lie
(mentir):lying
die
(morrer):dying
Ex.:Sheislyingtome.(Elaestmentindoparamim.)
Imdying.(Euestoumorrendo.)
EXERCCIOS
1Paraformarogerndioemingls,acrescentaseaterminaoINGnofinaldos
verbos,pormhalgumasregraseexcees.Marqueaalternativaquetenhatodosos
verbosnaformacorretadogerndio.
a)toplayplaying/toloveloving/tostopstopping/toagreeagreeing
b)toplayplaing/toloveloveing/tostopstoping/toagreeagreeing
c)toplayplaing/toloveloving/tostopstopping/toagreeagreing
d)toplayplaying/toloveloving/tostopstoping/toagreeagring
2QuantoaoestudodoPresentContinuous,marqueaalternativaquetenhaaforma
corretadeumafrasenessetempoverbal:
a)Paulisworkinthegardenatthismoment.
b)Paulisworkinginthegardenatthismoment.
c)Paulworkinginthegardenatthismoment.
d)Paulareworkinginthegardenatthismoment.
3MarqueaalternativaquecompletecorretamenteasfrasesaseguirnoPresent
continuous:
IThewoman________(towear)blackclothes.
IIThoseboys____________(tolook)atyou.
a)wearing/looking
b)iswear/arelook
c)arewearing/islooking
d)iswearing/arelooking
4QualaformanegativadafraseOurchildrenarefacingseriousproblems?
a)Notourchildrenarefacingseriousproblems.
b)Ourchildrennotarefacingseriousproblems.
c)Ourchildrenarenotfacingseriousproblems.
d)Ourchildrenarentarefacingseriousproblems.
5QualaformainterrogativadafraseThecatisrunningaroundthetable?
a)Runningthecatisaroundthetable?
b)Isthecatrunningaroundthetable?
c)Theiscatrunningaroundthetable?
d)Thecatisrunningaroundthetable?
6AfraseMysistersworksomuchnoPresentContinuousseria:
a)Mysistersareworksomuch.
b)Mysistersworkingsomuch.
c)Mysistersisworkingsomuch.
d)Mysistersareworkingsomuch.
4.SimplePastTense
O passado simples dos verbos regulares marcado pelo sufixo ed. J os verbos
irregulares possuem formas prprias, e caso surja algumadvidasconsultaratabela
dopassadodosverbosirregularesnessemesmosite.
Em frases afirmativas, a forma do passado simples :
Sujeito + passado do verbo +
complemento.
Shebrokeherleg.
(Elaquebrousuaperna).
Hestudiedalotyesterday.
(Eleestudoubastanteontem).
Thedogbarkedalotlastnight.
(Ocolatiubastantenanoitepassada).
Theywokeuplatethismorning.
(Elesacordaramatrasadosestamanh).
Para as sentenas negativas necessrio utilizar o auxiliar did + not para todas as
pessoas. O auxiliar deve vir sempre aps osujeito.Elepodevirnasuaformacompleta,
did not, ou abreviada,didnt.Pelofatodejestarmosusandooauxiliardopassado,
did,overbodevevirsemprenoinfinitivosemoto,ejamaisconjugadonopassado.
Theydidnotwashthecarthisweekend
.(Elesnolavaramocarroessefimdesemana).
We didnt send emails to our parents
. (Ns no mandamos emails para os nossos
pais).
IdidntseeJackatthepartyyesterday
.(EunovioJacknafestaontem).
Shedidnotcuthernails
.(Elanocortousuasunhas).
Nas frases interrogativas, assim como nas negativas, necessrio utilizar o auxiliar
did, logo, vale relembrar que o verbo nunca deve vir conjugado. Na construo de
frases interrogativas, colocase primeiro o auxiliar did, seguido dosujeito+verbono
infinitivosemto+complemento.
Did Mary and Carol go to the mall last week? (A Mary e a Carol foram ao shopping
semanapassada?).
DidPhillipbuyhismotheragift?
(OPhilipcomprouumpresenteparaasuame?).
DidAmandasingatthefestival?
(AAmandacantounofestival?).
DidJohngiveyouallthismoney?
(OJohnlhedeutodoestedinheiro?).
EXERCISES
1.Completecomotempoverbaladequadoasfrasesabaixo:
a)Francis________________homeyesterday.
(toleave)
b)I________________toGuarujlastweek.
(togo)
c)She________________thathouseayearago.
(tobuy)
d)Mark________________toyoulastmonth.
(towrite)
02.
TheBrazilianfootballteam_______________toVenezuelalastweek.
a)flew
b)fly
c)flown
d)flying
e)haveflown
03.
Iwishtomorrow________________Easter.
a)hasbeen
b)is
c)were
d)be
e)wilbe
04.
I____________whathe____________butIcouldnotunderstandit.
a)hear/said
b)heard/says
c)hear/say
d)heard/said
e)hearing/saying
05.
NowIrealizethatIactedasifI________________achild.
a)was
b)be
c)were
d)is
e)am
06.
Thelittleboy______thepictureofagardenatschoollastMonday.
a)draw
b)draws
c)drawn
d)drew
e)drawing
07.
Mymotherisnotverypatient.Iwishshe_____________ourproblems.
a)understood
b)understands
c)willunderstand
d)canunderstand
e)mayunderstand
08.
Yesterday,whilehe_______downthestreet,he_______anoldfriendofhis.
a)haswalked/met
b)walked/hadmet
c)waswalking/met
d)walked/wasmeeting
e)walks/met
09.
IwishI_______moremoney:Iwouldbuyanewflat.
a)earn
b)earned
c)earns
d)toearn
e)amearning
10.
TheBritishAmbassadortoParis_______hisfirstpublicspeech.
a)makes
b)make
c)ismaking
d)made
e)tomake
5
.RegularandIrregularVerbs
Regular
Assim, quando flexionamos esses verbos para construir oraes no simple past, por
exemplo,colocamososufixoednofinaldecadaverbo.
Ex:Shearriv
ed
fromBraslialastmonth.=ElachegoudeBraslianoltimoms.
Weplay
ed
socceryesterday.=Nsjogamosfutebolontem.
IrregularVerbs
Ex:I
brought
thisgifttoyou.=Eutrouxeessepresentepravoc.
I
sold
anelectricguitar.=Euvendiumaguitarra.
BaseForm
VerbosIrregulares
PastTense PastParticiple
PortugueseTranslation
BE
was,were
been
Ser,estar
BEAT
beat
beaten
Bater
BECOME
became
become
Tornarse
BEGIN
began
begun
Comear
BITE
bit
bitten
Morder
BLEED
bled
bled
Sangrar,terhemorragia
BLOW
blew
blown
Assoprar,explodir
BREAK
broke
broken
Quebrar
BRING
brought
brought
Trazer
BUILD
built
built
Construir
BUY
bought
bought
Comprar
CATCH
caught
caught
Pegar,capturar
CHOOSE
chose
chosen
Escolher
COME
came
come
Vir
COST
cost
cost
Custar
CUT
cut
cut
Cortar
DEAL
dealt
dealt
Negociar,tratar
DIG
dug
dug
Cavar,cavocar
DO
did
done
Fazer
DRAW
drew
drawn
Desenhar
DRINK
drank
drunk
Beber
DRIVE
drove
driven
Dirigir,irdecarro
EAT
ate
eaten
Comer
FALL
fell
fallen
Cair
FEED
fed
fed
Alimentar
FEEL
felt
felt
Sentir,sentirse
FIGHT
fought
fought
Lutar
FIND
found
found
Achar,encontrar
FLY
flew
flown
Voar,pilotar
FORBID
forbade
forbidden
Proibir
FORGET
forgot
forgotten
Esquecer
FORGIVE
forgave
forgiven
Perdoar
FREEZE
froze
frozen
Congelar,paralisar
GET
got
gotten
Obter
GIVE
gave
given
Dar
GO
went
gone
Ir
GROW
grew
grown
Crescer,cultivar
HAVE
had
had
Ter
HEAR
heard
heard
Ouvir
HIDE
hid
hidden
Esconder
HIT
hit
hit
Bater
HOLD
held
held
Segurar
KEEP
kept
kept
Guardar,manter
KNOW
knew
known
Saber,conhecer
LAY
laid
laid
Colocaremposiohorizontal,assentar
LEAVE
left
left
Deixar,partir
LEND
lent
lent
Daremprestado
LIE
lay
lain
Deitar
LOSE
lost
lost
Perder,extraviar
MAKE
made
made
Fazer,fabricar
MEAN
meant
meant
Significar,quererdizer
MEET
met
met
Encontrar,conhecer
PAY
paid
paid
Pagar
PUT
put
put
Colocar
QUIT
quit
quit
Abandonar
READ
read
read
Ler
RIDE
rode
ridden
Andar
RING
rang
rung
Tocar(campainha,etc.)
RISE
rose
risen
Subir,erguerse
RUN
ran
run
Correr,concorrer,dirigir
SAW
sawed
sawn
Serrar
SAY
said
said
Dizer
SEE
saw
seen
Ver
SELL
sold
sold
Vender
SEND
sent
sent
Mandar,enviar
SHAKE
shook
shaken
Sacudir,tremer
SHINE
shone
shone
Brilhar,reluzir
SHOOT
shot
shot
Atirar,alvejar
SHOW
showed
shown
Mostrar,exibir
SHRINK
shrank
shrunk
Encolher,contrair
SHUT
shut
shut
Fechar,cerrar
SING
sang
sung
Cantar
SINK
sank
sunk
Afundar,submergir
SIT
sat
sat
Sentar
SLEEP
slept
slept
Dormir
SPEAK
spoke
spoken
Falar
SPEND
spent
spent
Gastar
SPREAD
spread
spread
Espalhar
STAND
stood
stood
Parardep,agentar
STEAL
stole
stolen
Roubar
STRIKE
struck
struck
Golpear,desferir,atacar
SWEAR
swore
sworn
Jurar,prometer,assegurar
SWEEP
swept
swept
Varrer
SWIM
swam
swum
Nadar
SWING
swung
swung
Balanar,alternar
TAKE
took
taken
Pegar,levar,tomar
TEACH
taught
taught
Ensinar,daraula
TELL
told
told
Contar
THINK
thought
thought
Pensar
THROW
threw
thrown
Atirar,arremessar
UNDERSTAN
D
understood
understood
Entender
WEAR
wore
worn
Vestir,usar,gastar
WIN
won
won
Vencer,ganhar
WRITE
wrote
written
Escrever
Exerccio:Verbosirregulares
1.
Qualopassadodosverbosirregularesabaixo?
A)Hit:
B)Beat:
C)Cut:
D)Put:
E)Hurt:
F)Let:
G)Set:
2.Construacincofrasesquepossuamverbosirregulares.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6.
PresentPerfectTense
Usamoso"PresentPerfectTense"paranosreferirmosaalgoqueaconteceunopassado,mas
quemantmalgumtipodeconexocomopresente.Overboprincipalencontraseno"Past
Participle".Quandousamoso"PresentPerfect",estamospensandonopassadoenopresente
aomesmotempo,tantoquepodemosmodificarumasentenano"PresentPerfect",
transformandoaemumafraseno"SimplePresent"semalterarseusentido.Veja:
I
'vebroken
myarm.(=Myarm
is
brokennow.)
.
O"PresentPerfectTense",porm,nousadoquandononosreferimosaopresente:
I
missed
thebusyesterday.(
eno
I
havemissed
thebusyesterday)
.
O"PresentPerfectTense"tambmusadoquandonosreferimossconsequnciasqueaes
consumadastmnopresente:
Suzy
hashad
ababy.
[Istosignificaque,agora(emvirtudedeumaaopassada),Suzytem
umfilho.]
George
hasshot
hisgirlfriend.
[Istosignificaque,agora(emvirtudedeumaaopassada),a
namoradadeGeorgeestmorta.]
.
Tambmusamoso"PresentPerfectTense"paraafirmarmose/ouperguntarmos/negarmosse
algojaconteceualgumavez,sejaconteceuantes,senuncaaconteceu,seaconteceuat
certadata,senoaconteceuatcertoperodo,sealgoaindanoaconteceu.Algunsexemplos
(notequeatraduodosexemplosimpossveldeserfeitaconservandoseasnuancesdo
tempo,particularlnguainglesa):
Have
youeverseen
ElvisPresley?(=vocjviu,algumavez,oElvis?)
I
'veneverseen
ElvisPresley.(=eununcaviElvisPresley)
IthinkI
'vealreadydone
it.(=euachoqueeujfizisso)
He
haswritten
shutup'
for
onehour.(=eleescreveushutup'duranteumahora)
Has
Lyndon
comeyet
?(=oLyndonjveio?)
.
O"PresentPerfectTense"podeindicaraesquetiveramincionopassadoevm
acontecendoatopresente:
I
'vestudied
mathematics
foryears.
(=euvenhoestudandomatemticapormuitosanos)
I'
vetried
tocallyou
sincetwoo'clock.
(=tenhotentadoteligardesdeasduashoras)
She
'sknownhim
since1897.(
enunca
Sheknowshimsince1897)
.
Nuncausamoso"PresentPerfectTense"emsentenasemqueexistamadvrbiosdetempo
definido,taiscomo
yesterday,lastweek,then,twentyyearsago,in1764etc.
.
Quandoqueremosnosreferiraaesquecomearamnopassadoeaindacontinuam
acontecendo,podemoslanarmodeumoutrotipodeconstruo,almdoprprio"Present
PerfectTense",chamada"PresentPerfectProgressive".Suaformaseddaseguintemaneira:
We
'vebeenstudyingsince
eighto'clockinthemorning.
(=estamosestudandodesdeasoito
horasdamanh)
Porm,damosprefernciaao"PresentPerfectTense"quandonosreferimosaaesmais
permanentese/ouduradouras.O"PresentPerfectProgressive"prefervelquandoasaesso
maisefmeras:
Thatman
'sbeenstandingthere
alldaylong.
Thathugecastle
'sstoodthere
for1200years.
EXERCISES1Selecionedotextosolicitadoosvervosnopresenteperfeito.
Listeningactivity
Verbtobe(simplepresentandsimplepast)
She'sNotMe
(Madonna)
Ishouldhaveseenthesignwaybackthen
Whenshetoldmethatyouwereherbestfriend
Andnowshe'srolling,rolling,rolling
Andyouwere(are
were
)stolen,stolen,stolen
Shestarted(start
started
)dressinglikemeandtalkinglikeme
Itfreakedmeout
Shestartedcallingyouupinthemiddleofthenight
What'sthatabout?
Ijustwanttobetherewhenyoudiscover
Youwakeupinthemorningnexttoyournewlover
Shemightcookyoubreakfastandloveyouintheshower
Theflavorofthemoment,'causeshedoesn'thavewhat'sours
She'snotme
Shedoesn'thave(
have
has)myname
She'llneverhavewhatIhave
Itwon'tbethesame,itwon'tbethesame
Ishouldhaveseenthesignwhenyouwerehere
Underadifferentlight,it'sallsoclear
Shewas(
was
is)stealing,stealing,stealing
Andnowyou'refeeling,feeling,feeling
Shestarteddyeingherhair
Andwearingthesameperfumeasme
Shestartedreadingmybooks
Andstealingmylooksandlingerie
Ijustwant(
want
wants)tobetherewhenyoudiscover
Youwakeupinthemorningnexttoyournewlover
Shemightmakeyoubreakfastandloveyouintheshower
Thethrillismomentary,'causeshedoesn'thavewhat'sours
She'snotme
Shedoesnt(don't
doesn't
)havemyname
She'llneverhavewhatIhave(
have
has)
Itwon'tbethesame,itwon'tbethesame
Sheislickingherlips
Andshe'sbattinghereyes
She'snotme
She'sgotlegsuptothere
Andsuchbeautifulhair
She'snotme
Oh,devotedforlife
Makeabeautifulwife
She'snotme
Ifyouspendsomemoretime
Iguaranteeyouwillfind(
find
finds)
She'snotme
IknowIcandoitbetter
Ifsomeonewants(want
wants
)topimpyourstyle
Andhangwithyoualittlewhile
Andmakeupallthethingsyoulack
You'regonnahavetowatchit
She'snotme
Shedoesn'thavemyname
She'llneverhavewhatIhave
Itwon'tbethesame,itwon'tbethesame
Neverletyouforget
She'snotme
She'snotme,andsheneverwillbe
Neverletyouforget
She'snotme
She'snotme,andsheneverwillbe
Gotafunnywayofshowingyourfeelings
Iguessitwassomebullshitsayingyouloveme,loveme
Guessmyexpectationhittheceiling
Whenitcomebackitwouldjusttrustme,trustme
Wendy
She'snotme
She'snotme
She'snotme,andsheneverwillbe(3x)
WrittenActivity
Content:
Simplepresent
2. SimpleFuture
3. Simplepast
4. Presentcontinuous
1.
*Markthecorrectanswer:
1
Thelittlegirl_____holdingthreebigcomputers.
A.
AmB)is
C)are
D)will
2
No site de relacionamento do twitter, aparece frequentemente a seguinte frase:
Discover whats happening right now, anywhere in the world. Podemos afirmar que
estafraseestno:
a.
Simple present
continuous
b) Simple future
c) Simple past
d) Present
1.
4
Nafrase:Didntyoufindthepeopleyouwerelookingfor?,podemosafirmarque:
Estnofuturesimples,pelapresenadoverboTOBE(were)
b. Est no passado simples, pela presena do auxiliar DID e do verbo to be no
passado.
c. Encontrasenopresentecontnuo,pelousodoINGnoverboLOOK.
d. Estnopresentesimples,poisoverboTOBEsefazpresentenafrase.
a.
5.
Sobreostemposverbaisemingls,podemosafirmarasseguintesassertivas:
I) Ofuturosimplesumaformaverbalcomumenteutilizadaparaexpressareventos
que ainda no aconteceram, estando estes situados depois do ato de fala, ou da
escrita. O futuro simples em ingls construdopeloverbomodalouauxiliar
DID,
ou pelo menos comum
WILL ou SHALL, seguidodoverboprincipalnoinfinitivo,
semto.
II) O presente simples uma forma verbal comumente utilizada para expressar
eventos que ainda noaconteceram,estandoestessituadosdepoisdoatodefala,ou
da escrita. Para fazermosperguntasnopresentesimples,devemosutilizaroDIDou
oDOESnoinciodapergunta.
III) O presente simples uma forma verbal comumente utilizada para expressar
eventos acontecem com certa frequncia. Para fazermos perguntas no presente
simples,geralmenteutilizamosoauxiliarDOouDOESnoinciodasmesmas.
IV) O presente contnuo formado pelo verbo auxiliar WILL + verbo principal
comoING(queequivalenoportugusaoando,endo,indo).
Podemosdepreenderasseguintesassertivas:
ApenasIeIIestocorretas.
b. ApenasIeIIIestocorretas.
c. ApenasaIIIestcorreta.
d. ApenasIeIVestocorreta.
a.
6.
Aconstruodafrase:Willyouaskthemtobequiet?,estcorreta?
7.
Opresentecontnuo:
8.
Estnopassadosimplesaseguintefrase:
a)SheisteachingPortuguesenow.
b)Afewyearsagotheinternetdidn'texist.
c)Iwillgotoworkinthatcomputershop.
b)Weshallbuythatnetbook.
9
Sobreosverbosirregulares,podemosafirmarque:
so aqueles verbos que no seguem a regra geral de formao do Passado e
do Particpio Passado. A formao do Past e do Past Participle, de acordo
com a regra geral, que se aplica a todos os demais verbos, se d atravs do
sufixo ED. Portanto, todo verbo que no seguir este padro, ser
classificadodeirregular.
b. SotodososverbosquerecebemED,nopassado.
c. SoverbosquesempredevemserusadoscomoING.
d. Soaquelesverbosconhecidosemlnguainglesacomoverbosauxiliares.
a.
1.
Qualaalternativacorretaconsiderandoque:
TODAYISTUESDAY,NOVEMBER,2001
a)ThedaybeforeyesterdaywasMonday.
b)Theyearafternextis2002.
c)ThedayaftertomorrowisThursday.
d)ThemonthafternextisOctober.
11
Qualasentenaincorretaquantoaousodotempoverbal?
TheylivedinSalvadorin1999.
b. JanewatchesTVyesterdayafternoon.
c. Georgealwaysplayscomputergamesintheafternoon.
d. Gandhidiedin1948.
a.
12
QualperguntarespostaestcorretaquantoaousodoSimplePast?
a)Theweatherwasgood?Yes,itwasn't
b)Wastheweathergood?Yes,itwas
c)Didtheweatherwasgood?Yes,itdid
d)Didwastheweathergood?Yes,itwas
13
Emrelaoaopassadosimples,estcorretaaseguintefrase:
a.
Myfatherdidn'tcelebratehisbirthdaylastSaturday.
b)DidRichardplayvolleyballtomorrow?
c)DidhelivedinViena?Yes,hedidlived.
d)IdidlivedinNewYork.
14
Pautandose nos conhecimentos gramaticais sobreopresentecontnuo,estincorretaa
seguinteassertiva:
a.
You'renotgoingtostayinMexico.
b.
AreyoustudyingEnglishthisafternoon?
c.
She'sgoingtoLondonin2003.
d.
Istudyinginthemorning.
Prepositions
Commonlyused
prepositions
Aboard
abordo,dentro
From
deonde
About
sobre
In
em
Above
acimade
Inside
dentro
Across
atravsde
Into
em,dentro
After
depois
Like
como
Against
contra
Near
perto
Along
aolongo
Of
de
Among
entre
Off
pertode,fora
de
Around
aoredorde
On
sobre,em
At
em,por,para
Out
parafora
Before
antes
Over
sobre
Behind
atrs
Past
depoisde
Below
abaixo
Since
desde
Beneath
abaixo
Through
atravsde
Beside
aolado
Throughout
emtoda
parte
Besides
almde
Till
at
Between
entre
To
para
Beyond
almde
Toward
emdireoa
But
(meaning
except)
exceto
Under
abaixo
By
por
Until
at
Concerning
relativoa
Up
paracima
Down
atravsde,em
baixode
Upon
sobre
During
durante
With
com
Except
exceto
Within
em,dentro
de
For
por,emvezde
Without
sem,forade
Choosethecorrectanswer
Partesuperiordoformulrio
1 He
mad
ehis
esca
pe
by
jump
ing
____
__a
wind
ow
and
jump
ing
____
__a
waiti
ng
car.
over/into
between/into
outof/between
outof/into
upto/outof
2 To
get
to
the
Mar
ketin
g
depa
rtme
nt,
you
have
togo
____
__
thos
e
stair
s
and
then
____
__
the
corri
dor
to
the
end.
over/into
between/into
outof/between
outof/into
up/along
3 Isaw
som
ethin
g
abou
tit
____
__
telev
ision
.
In
On
At
Through
With
4 I
coul
dn't
get
in
____
__
the
door
soI
had
to
clim
b
____
__a
wind
ow.
through/in
between/into
outof/between
outof/into
up/along
5 She
took
the
key
____
__
her
pock
et
and
put
it
____
____
the
lock.
over/into
between/into
outof/in
by/on
upto/outof
6 He
drov
e
____
__
me
with
out
stop
ping
and
drov
eoff
____
__
the
centr
eof
town
.
from/into
towards/over
along/up
past/towards
in/nextto
7 I
took
the
old
card
____
__
the
com
pute
rand
put
____
__
the
new
one.
through/in
outof/in
outof/between
outof/into
up/along
8 I
went
____
__
him
and
aske
d
him
the
best
way
to
get
____
__
town
.
from/into
towards/over
along/up
by/on
upto/outof
9 It's
unlu
cky
to
walk
____
__a
ladd
erin
my
cultu
re.I
alwa
ys
walk
____
__
the
m.
through/in
outof/in
under/around
outof/into
up/along
10 The
resta
uran
tis
____
__
the
High
Stree
t,
____
__
the
cine
ma.
through/in
outof/in
under/around
in/nextto
up/along
11 Sally
left
scho
ol
____
__
the
age
of16
and
went
to
work
____
__a
bank
.
through/in
outof/in
under/around
in/nextto
at/in
12 He
jump
ed
____
__
the
wall
and
____
__
the
gard
en.
over/into
towards/over
along/up
by/on
upto/outof
13 He
was
drivi
ng
____
__
180
mile
sper
hour
whe
nhe
cras
hed
____
__
the
centr
al
barri
er.
at/into
outof/in
under/around
in/nextto
at/in
14 She
ran
____
__
the
corri
dor
and
____
__
the
stair
sto
the
seco
nd
floor
.
from/into
towards/over
along/up
by/on
in/nextto
15 John
is
the
pers
on
stan
ding
____
__
the
wind
ow,
____
__
the
wom
an
with
the
long
blon
de
hair.
at/into
beside/nextto
under/around
in/nextto
at/in
16 Whe
nthe
bull
ran
____
__
me,I
jump
ed
____
__
the
fenc
e.
from/into
towards/over
beside/nextto
by/on
in/nextto
17 Look
,
that
car's
____
__
fire.
through
with
in
into
on
18 He
saw
a
parki
ng
spac
e
____
__
two
cars
and
drov
e
____
__it.
over/into
between/into
along/up
by/on
upto/outof
19 Harr
y
com
esto
work
____
__
car
butI
pref
erto
com
e
____
__
foot.
at/into
beside/nextto
by/on
in/nextto
at/in
20 He
took
the
book
____
__
the
shelf
and
put
it
____
__
his
bag.
from/into
at/into
beside/nextto
by/on
in/nextto
PALAVRASINTERROGATIVASINTERROGATIVEWORDS
Howold...
(Quantosanos)
usadoparaperguntaraidade
Ex.:Howoldareyou?
Howmuch...
(Quanto)
usadoparaperguntaraquantidadeemgeraldecoisasincontveisepreo.
Ex.:Howmuchtime?
Howmany...
(Quantos)
usadoparaperguntaraquantidadeemgeraldecoisascontveis.
Ex.:Howmanyblouses?
Who...
(Quem)
usadoparaperguntarsobrealgumapessoa.
Ex.:Whowantsapaper?/Whoisthatwoman?
Comopronomesujeitowho,aperguntadireta.Dispensamosoempregodoauxiliar
do(do,does,did)
What...
(Oque?)
Oque,qual,usadotambmparaperguntarprofissooucargo.
Whatnodenotaescolha,podendoserumaperguntadesentidoamplo.
Ex.:Whatistheproblem?/Whatishe?
Where
...(Aonde?)
usadoparaperguntarsobrelugares.
Ex.:Wheredoyoustudy?
Why...
(Porque)
Usamosapalavrawhyemperguntaseapalavrabecauseemrespostas.
Ex.:Whyareyousad?
Becausemymotherwenttoliveinanothercity.
Howoften
...(Quantasvezes,Comquefrequncia)
Ex.:Howoftendoyougotothemovies?(Comquefrequnciavocvaiaocinema?)
Which...
(Qual?)
Opronomewichdenotaescolha,usadoparaperguntasdesentidorestrito.
Ex.:Ihavetwocars.Whichdoyouprefer?
Howlong
...(Quantomede?)
Ex.:Howlongisthetable?It's5feetlong.
Howfar
...(Quantadistncia?)
Ex.:Howfaristhetown?It's2milesfromhere.
Howwide
...(Qualotamanho?)
Ex.:Howwideistheland?It's30yardswide.
Howtall
...(Qualaaltura?)
Ex.:Howtallisthebuilding?It's150feettall
Howthich
...(Qualalargura?)
Ex.:Howthickisthewall?It's1inchesthick.
Wherefrom
...(refereseorigemdaspessoasedascoisas.)
Ex.:Wherearetheyfrom?
When
...(referesepocaemqueascoisasacontecem)
Ex.:Whenisyourbirthday?
Whatcolor
...(referesecordascoisas)
Ex.:Whatcoloristhatcar?
Whattime...(
refereseshorasrelgio)
Ex.:Whattimeisyourlesson?
Whatabout...(
expressousada,depoisdedarumainformao,paraperguntaramesma
coisasobreoutrapessoaouobjeto)
Ex.:Mycarisold.Whataboutyourcar?
Note:
Weights(Peso/Kg)
Paraseperguntaropesodecoisas,animaisoupessoas.
Ex.:Howmuchdoesitweigh?(Quantoistopesa?)Itweighs3ounces.
EXERCISESCHOOSEDECORRECT
INTERROGATIVEWORD
1._______hatisthat?It'smymother's.
2.________filmdidyouprefer,theonewesaw
yesterdayortheonewesawonTuesday?
3.areyouthinkingabout?I'mthinkingaboutthe
summerholidays.
4.
________
toldyouthat?Mybrotherdid.
5.
________
doyouwanttotalkto?Iwanttotalk
tothemanager.
6.
__________
kindofamanishe?He'savery
quietman,hedoesn'ttalkmuch.
7.
________
areyoulookingfor?I'mlookingfor
myglassesagain!
8.
___________
gaveyouthatbookforyour
birthday?Myparentsdid.
9.
__________
isthis?It'sMike's.
10.
__________
theatreintowndoyoumean?The
olderone?(ofthetwo).
11.
__________
ofthesefourdressesdoyoulike
best?Thewhiteone.
12.
__________
doyoucomefrom?Icomefrom
Caen.
13.
___________
ofthesecoatsisyours?Theblue
one.
14.
___________
livesinthisbighouse?My
nephewdoes.
PhrasalVerb
O
P hrasal Verb
um verbo que tem seu sentido/traduo
alterado em razo do acrscimo de uma preposio oudeuma
partculaadverbialaele.
Soexemplosde
P hrasalVerbs
:
Verbo
Phrasalverbs
Toblowup
explodir
Toblow
soprar
Lastnighttwomenblewupourhouse
.
(Ontemnoitedoishomensexplodiram
nossacasa).
Tobreakup
terminarum
Tobreak
relacionamento.
quebrar
BobbrokeupwithMary
.(Bobterminou
comaMary).
Tocalloff
cancelar
Toc
all
.(Ochefe
chamar,ligarThebosscalledoffthemeeting
cancelouareunio).
Tocheckin
registrarse
Tocheck
ImgoingtocheckinassoonasIarriveat
verificar,
thehotel
.(Euireimeregistrarassimqueeu
checar
chegaraohotel).
Tofindout
descobrir
Tofind
encontrar
Togive
dar
WhenIsawthathandsomeboyinfrontof
me,IfoundoutthatIwasinlove
.(Quando
euviaquelegarotolindonaminhafrente,
descobriqueeuestavaapaixonada).
Togiveup
desistir
Thethievesgaveuprunningwhentheysaw
thepoliceofficers
.(Osladresdesistiram
decorrerquandoviramospoliciais).
Topass
passar
Topassaway
falecer
Mygrandfatherpassedawayonemonth
ago
.(Meuavfaleceuhumms).
levantar.
Tostand
Tostandup
tolerar
Standup,please
.(Levantese,porfavor).
Totakeoff
decolar
Totake
(Oavioest
levar,pegar Theplaneistakingoff.
decolando).
Totryon
experimentar
Totry
tentar
Iwanttotryonthisskirtandthisblouse
.
(Euqueroexperimentarestasaiaeesta
blusa).
Tothrowup
vomitar
Tothrow
Jackisthrowingupforhours.Ithinkits
jogar,atirar becausehedranksomuchattheparty
yesterday
.(Jackestvomitandohhoras.
algo.
Euachoqueporqueelebebeumuitona
festaontem).
ExercciosInglsPhrasalVerbs
1)Completewiththecorrectphrasal
verbs:
a)Theprisoners__________betterfood.I
feellike
b)____________ishardtodo.IIstand
upfor
c)Ijust______havingachocolateice
cream.IIIarecallingfor
d)Fewmenarewillingto_______the
truth.IVbreakingup
2)Choosethecorrectphrasalverb:
a)Come_____(in/on),please.It'srainingoutside!
b)Ireallycan'tget______(into/along)withthisboy.
c)Look_____(at/on)mewhenI'mtalkingtoyou!
d)IthinkI'llput_______(upwith/on)thisskirtfortheparty.
3.Identifythephrasalverbsinthefollowingsentences:
a)Sorry,ma'am,wehavetocarryoutathoroughsearchofyourapartment
immediately.
b)Mayallyourdreamscometrue.
c)Getbacktowhereyouoncebelonged.
d)Thecompanyisgoingtolayoffmanyworkerssoon.
e)Canyoupleaseturndownthetelevision?
f)Shelooksdownonmebutherfolksdon'tevenbrushtheirteeth.
g)Quick!GetmethatblanketsoIcanputoutthisfire.
ACRONYMWORDS
AJAX (
Acrnimo em
lngua inglesa de Asynchronous Javascript And
XML) o uso metodolgico de tecnologias como
Javascript e
XML
,
providas por
navegadores
, para tornar pginas
Web maisinterativascom
o usurio, utilizandose de solicitaes assncronas de informaes. Foi
inicialmente desenvolvida pelo estudioso
Jess James Garret e mais
tardepordiversasassociaes.
API ApplicationProgrammingInterface(ouInterfacedeProgramaode
Aplicaes) um conjunto de
rotinas e padres estabelecidos por um
software para a utilizao das suas funcionalidades por programas
aplicativos que no querem envolverse em detalhes da
implementao
do software, mas apenas usar seus servios. De modo geral, a API
composta por uma srie de funes acessveis somente por
programao
, e que permitem utilizar caractersticas do software menos
evidentesaoutilizadortradicional
BIOS em
computao
, Basic Input/Output System (Sistema Bsico de
Entrada/Sada). O termo incorretamente conhecido como Basic
Integrated Operating System (Sistema Operacional Bsico Integrado) ou
Built In Operating System (Sistema Operacional Interno). O BIOS um
programadecomputadorprgravadoemmemriapermanente(
firmware
)
executado por um computador quando ligado. Ele responsvel pelo
suporte bsico de acesso ao hardware, bem como por iniciar a carga do
sistemaoperacional.
facilitaroprojetoedesenhotcnicos.
CGI um
acrnimo para a expresso
inglesa Common Gateway
Interface.Consistenumaimportantetecnologiaquepermitegerarpginas
dinmicas, permitindo a um
navegador passar parmetros para um
programa alojado num
servidor
web
. Assim, designamse porscriptsCGI
os pequenos
programas que interpretam esses parmetros e geram a
pginadepoisdeosprocessar.
metalxido
complementar. um tipo de tecnologia empregada na fabricao de
circuitos integrados onde se incluem elementos de
lgica digital (portas
lgicas,
flipflops,
contadores,
decodificadores,
etc.),
microprocessadores
,
microcontroladores
,
memrias RAM
, etc.
Geralmente so usadas em chips digitais e memrias que armazenam
informaesdeconfiguraodocomputador.
DPI Pontos por polegada (PPP), em ingls Dots Per Inch (DPI), uma
medida de densidade relacionada composio de imagens, que
expressa o nmero de pontos individuais que existem em uma
polegada
linearnasuperfcieondeaimagemapresentada.
FAQ um
acrnimo da expresso
inglesaFrequentlyAskedQuestions,
que significa Perguntas Frequentes. Um FAQ, quando usado num
contexto pluralista, significa uma compilao de perguntas frequentes
acercadedeterminadotema
GUI (abreviadamente, o
acrnimo GUI, do
ingls Graphical User
Interface) um tipo de
interfacedoutilizadorquepermitea
interaocom
dispositivos digitais atravs de elementos grficos como cones e outros
indicadoresvisuais,emcontrastea
interfacedelinhadecomando
.
HTML(acrnimoparaa
expressoinglesaHyperTextMarkupLanguage,
que significa Linguagem de Marcao de Hipertexto) uma
linguagemde
marcao
utilizadaparaproduzir
pginasnaWeb
.
programasdecomputador.
IRC
Internet RelayChat(IRC)umsistemadecomunicaoutilizadona
Internet
. Ele utilizado basicamente como batepapo (
chat
) e troca de
arquivos,permitindoaconversaemgrupoouprivada.
NET
emingls,rede.Otermousadocomosinnimoparainternet.
NFS (
acrnimo para Network File System) um
sistema de arquivos
distribudos desenvolvido inicialmente pela
Sun Microsystems
, Inc.,afim
de compartilhar arquivos e diretriosentrecomputadoresconectadosem
rede,formandoassimumdiretriovirtual.
NOC
significa Network Operation Center (centro de operao de
rede
,
em ingls). Por definio um local ondesecentralizaagernciadeuma
rede de comunicao, seja ela pblica ou privada. Apartirdessecentroe
de programas de
computador que monitoram a rede os operadores
podemsaber,emtemporeal,asituaodecada"ator"dentrodarede.
PC
PersonalComputer(ComputadorPessoal).
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect
Barramento de Interconexo
de Componentes Perifricos) um
barramento de computador para
conectar
dispositivosdehardware
deum
computador
.
PGP PrettyGoodPrivacy(PrivacidadeMuitoBoa)uma
criptografiade
dados e decodificao
programa de computador que fornece
criptografia
de privacidade e
autenticao para comunicao de dados. PGP is often
used for signing, encrypting and decrypting emails to increase the
security of email communications. PGP frequentemente usada para
assinar, criptografar e descriptografar emailsparaaumentarasegurana
dascomunicaesdeemails.
PHP (um
acrnimo recursivo para "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"
Processador de Hipertexto) uma
linguagem de programao de
computadores
interpretada
,
livre e muito utilizada para gerar contedo
dinmicona
worldwideweb
,comoporexemploa
Wikipdia
.
RFC um
acrnimo para o
ingls Request for Comments (Pedido de
Comentrios) um documento que descreve os padres de cada
protocoloda
Internet
previamenteaseremconsideradosum
padro
.
SCSI
(pronunciase "sczi"), sigla de Small Computer System Interface
( Interface de Sistema de Computadores de Pequeno Porte), uma
tecnologia que permite ao usurio conectar uma larga gama de
perifricos
, tais como
discos rgidos
, unidades CDROM,
impressoras e
scanners
. Caractersticas fsicas e eltricas deumainterfacedeentradae
sada (E/S) projetadas para se conectarem e se comunicarem com
dispositivosperifricossodefinidaspeloSCSI.
interpretado
ladoservidorscriptinglnguautilizadaquaseexclusivamente
paraa
web
.
TCP (
acrnimo para o
inglsTransmissionControlProtocolPprotocolo
de Controle de Transmisso) umdos
protocolossobosquaisassentao
ncleo da
Internet
. A versatilidade e robustez deste protocolo tornouo
adequado a redes globais, j que este verifica se os dados so enviados
deformacorreta,nasequnciaapropriadaesemerros,pela
rede
.
om , or C
OM , as domain names
are not
casesensitive . Por exemplo, no nome de domnio
www.example.com,
odomniodenvelsuperior
COM.
URL (UniformResourceLocator),emportugus:LocalizadorPadrode
Recursos, oendereodeumrecurso(um
arquivo
,uma
impressoraetc.),
disponvel em uma rede seja a
Internet
, ou uma rede corporativa, uma
intranet
.
Uma
URL
tem
a
seguinte
estrutura:
protocolo://mquina/caminho/recurso
celular
, etc). Sua inteno melhorar a
acessibilidade informao
publicada.
XML (eXtensible Markup Language Linguagem de Marcao Extensvel)
uma linguagem criada especialmente para o armazenamento de dados
de forma organizada e hierrquica. atualmente bastante utilizada como
formato para transmisso de dados entre diferentes servidores e
protocolos.
Adaptadode:
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site
EstratgiasdeLeitura
AolerumdeterminadotextoemIngls,necessrio,afimdecompreendlo,utilizaras
vriasferramentasdisponveis.Soelas:
ABILITIESANDOTHERFACILITATORS(Habilidadeseoutros
Facilitadores)
1)PREDICTION(Predio)
Temosignificadoeoobjetivodeinferirocontedodeumtextoatravsdeseu
conhecimentoprviosobreotema(background)atravsdocontextosemntico
(palavrasdeummesmogrupo,porexemplo:hospital,nurse,doctor,ambulance),
contextolingstico(pistasgramaticais)contextonolingustico(gravuras,
grficos,tabelas,nmeros,etc).conhecimentosobreaestruturadotexto(layout,
ttulo,subttulo,divisodepargrafos,etc).
2)COGNATES(Cognatos)
Sopalavrasdeorigemgregaoulatinabemparecidascomasdoportugus.Ex:
differentdiferenteinfectioninfeco.
obs:AtenocomosFALSOSCOGNATOS!
Exemplo:
pretend
nosignifica
pretender
,massim
fingir
.importanteobservarse
apalavraseencaixanocontexto.
FALSOSCOGNATOSMAISCOMUNS:
1)ActuallyNaverdade,ofatoque...
AtualmenteNowadays,Today.
2)Adeptespecialista
Adeptosupporter.
3)Appointmenthoramarcada,compromissoprofissional
Apontamentonote.
4)Appreciationgratido,reconhecimento
Apreciaojudgement.
5)Collegefaculdade
Colgiohighschool.
6)Comprehensiveabrangente,extenso
Compreensivounderstanding.
7)Datadados(nmeros)
Datadate.
8)Exitsada
xitosuccess.
9)Officeescritrio
Oficialofficial.
10)Strangerdesconhecido
Estrangeiroforeigner.
3)REPEATEDWORDS(Palavrasrepetidas)
Seumapalavraaparecevriasvezesnotexto,istosignificaqueelaimportanteparaa
compreensodomesmo.
4)TYPOGRAPHICALEVIDENCES(Evidnciastipogrficas)
Sosmbolos,letrasmaisculas,negrito,itlico,enfim,dicasteissobreotexto.
5)DICTIONARY(Dicionrio)
Odicionriosdeveserutilizadoemltimocasoparasedescobrirosignificadodeuma
palavraouexpressodesconhecida.Arazodissoofatodeaprocuraporsignificados
nodicionriotornaraleituralentademais,podendodesanimaroleitor.
STRATEGIES(Estratgias)
1)SKIMMING:
Consistenumaleiturarpidaparaterseumaidiacentraldotexto.
2)SCANNING:
Consistenumaleituracomoobjetivodeencontraralgumas
informaesespecficasnotexto.
3)SELECTIVITY:
Consistenumaleituraseletiva,isto,feitacomafinalidadede
selecionarostrechosondesequerencontrarumadeterminadainformao(pargrafos,
porexemplo).
4)EXTENSIVEREADING(Leituradaextenso):
Consistenumaleitura
queprocuraoentendimentoglobaldotextoeenvolvefluncia
5)INTENSIVEREADING(leituraintensiva):
Consistenaformadeleitura
quefazemosquandolemosumtextoafimdeextrairdeledetalhesespecficos.
Text1
LeiaoTextoAbaixopararesponderasperguntasqueseguem:
SearchEngineMath
Comelearnhowtoeasilyadd,subtractandmultiplyyourwayintobettersearchesat
yourfavoritesearchengine.Theinformationbelowworksfornearlyallofthemajor
searchengines.
BeSpecific
Beforelearningmath,itsahelpfulreminderthatthemorespecificyoursearchis,the
morelikelyyouwillfindwhatyouwant.Dontbeafraidtotellasearchengineexactly
whatyouarelookingfor.
Forexample,ifyouwantinformationaboutWindows98bugs,searchforWindows98
bugs,notWindows.Orevenbetter,searchforexactlywhattheproblemis:Icant
installaUSBdeviceinWindows98,forexample.Youllbesurprisedathowoftenthis
works.
UsingThe+SymboltoAdd
Sometimes,youwanttomakesurethatasearchenginefindspagesthathaveallthe
wordsyouenter,notjustsomeofthem.The+Symbolletsyoudothis.
Forexample,imagineyouwanttofindpagesthathavereferencestoWindows98bugs.
Youcouldsearchthisway:
+windows+98+bugs
Onlypagesthatcontainallthreeofthewordswouldappearinyourresults.
UsingTheSymboltoSubtract
Sometimes,youwantasearchenginetofindpagesthathaveonewordonthembutnot
anotherword.Thesymbolletsyoudothis.
Forexample,imagineyouwantinformationaboutWindows95butdontwanttobe
overwhelmedbypagesrelatingtoWindows98orWindows3.1.youcouldsearchthis
way:
windows983.1
Ingeneral,thesymbolishelpfulforfocusingresultswhenyougettoomanythatare
unrelatedtoyourtopic.Simplybeginsubtractingtermsyouknowarenotofinterest,and
youshouldgetbetterresults.
UsingQuotationMarksToMultiply
Nowthatyouknowhowtoaddandsubtractterms,wecanmoveontomultiplication.As
innormalmath,multiplyingtermsthroughaphrasesearchcanbeamuchbetterwayto
gettheanswersyouarelookingfor.
Forexample,rememberabovewhenwewantedpagesaboutwindows98bugs?We
enteredallthetermslikethis:
+windows+98+bugs
Thatbringsbackpagesthathaveallthosewordsonthem,buttheresnoguaranteethat
thewordsmaynecessarilybeneareachother.Doingaphrasesearchavoidsthis
problem.Thisiswhereyoutellasearchenginetogiveyoupageswheretheterms
appearinexactlytheorderyouspecify.Youdothisbyputtingquotationmarksaround
thephrase,likethis:
windows98bugs
CombiningSymbols
Onceyouvemasteredadding,subtractingandmultiplying,youcancombinesymbolsto
easilycreatetargetedsearches.
Forexample,
windows98bugswindows95windows3.1
nowyouarereadytousemathtogetbetterresultsinyoursearch.GoodLuck!!!!
Source:Adaptedfrom
www.searchenginewatch.com/
ReadingStrategies
1)Utilizandoaestratgiaskimming,faaumaleiturarpidadotextoe
responda:
a)Qualoobjetivodestetexto?
b)Quantossmbolosmatemticosforamcitadosnotexto?
2)Utilizandoaestratgiascanning,responda:
a)Qualautilidadedosmbolo+aopesquisarnaInternet?
b)Quandodevemosutilizarosinalde?
c)Quandodevemosutilizaraspas()
d)Qualoobjetivodesecombinarvriossmbolosemumamesmapesquisa?
3)Leiaotextocomatenonovamenteefaaoseguinteexerccio:
a)EncontrenosegundopargrafoBeSpecificumverboquepossaserumsinnimo
desearchfor.
b)Encontrenoterceiropargrafoumverboquesignifiquepermitir!.
c)Encontrenoterceiropargrafoumverboquesejaantnimodelookfor.
d)Encontrenoquintopargrafoumverboquesignifiqueevitar.
4)Observeoquartopargrafonovamente:
a)Reescrevaumafraseemqueoatorexpressaumapossibilidade:
b)Reescrevaumafraseemqueoautorexpressaumaprobabilidade:
5)Observeasentenaabaixo:
Sometimes,youwantasearchenginetofindpagesthathaveonewordon
them
but
notanotherword.
Qualarefernciacontextualdopronome
them
?
AResilientLeaderTrumpetsBrazilsPotentialinAgricultureandBiofuels
ByALEXEIBARRIONUEVOPublished:September23,2007
BRASLIA,Sept.21InrecentmonthsthepoliticalclimateinBrazilhasbeenaboilingcaldron
forLuizIncio
LuladaSilva,thecountryspresident.
Theseconddeadlyairplanecrashin10monthssetoffacrisisinBrazilsaviationindustryin
July,withmanycritics
sayinggovernmentinactionwasattherootoftheproblem.
Lastmonth,thecountrysSupremeCourtorderedsevenmembersofthepresidentspolitical
partyand33othersto
standtrialoncorruptionchargesinascandalthathasnettedsomeofhisclosestadvisers,
includinghisformerchiefof
staff.
ButasMr.daSilva,nowinhissecondterm,satdownfora75minuteinterviewhereinthe
presidentialpalace,those
worrieshardlyseemedtofazehim.Hewasnothingbutupbeat,andwithgoodreason.
Despitethecontroversies,Mr.daSilvasapprovalratinghoversabove60percent.Brazil,Latin
Americaslargest
economy,hasgrownby3.5percentayear,slowerthanChinaandIndiabutamarked
improvementoverthe1990s.
Debtlevelsandunemploymentaredown.Reservesareup.Inflationisonethirdwhatitwasfive
yearsago.
WeareexperiencinganauspiciousmomentinBrazilrightnow,Mr.daSilva,61,saidinhis
firstextended
discussionwithanAmericanjournalistsince2004.Brazilisexperiencingitsbesteconomic
period.
ThatboomcombinedwithhisbroadpopularityamongBrazilsworkingclasshasprovidedMr.
daSilva,aformer
metalworkerwithasixthgradeeducationwhoworkedinanautoplant,withremarkable
politicalresilience.
HeistheTeflonpresident,saidDavidFleischer,apoliticalanalysthereandanemeritus
professorattheUniversity
ofBraslia.NothingstickstoLula.
Thatincludesthescandalsthatbynowcouldhavedebilitatedanotherpresidency.ButMr.da
Silvacontinuedtodeny
knowinganythingaboutthemostrecentone,inwhichmembersofthegoverningpartyare
accusedofpaying
congressionaldeputiesmorethan$10,000amonthtovoteforfavoredlegislation.
Herefusedtosayifanyoneinparticularhadbetrayedhim.Therearehundredsofemployees
aroundmethatIdont
haveanyideawhattheyaredoing,Mr.daSilvasaid.
Oneofthem,apparently,washisformerchiefofstaff,JosDirceu,whommanyconsiderthe
architectofMr.da
Silvasrisetopower,andwhohasbeenchargedwithbeingthemastermindofthevotebuying
scheme.
IdontbelievethatthereisanyevidencethatMr.Dirceucommittedthecrimethatheisbeing
chargedwith,the
presidentsaid.Hewillbejudged.
FreshfromatriptoEurope,wherehestirredinterestinBrazilssugarbasedethanolfueland
wonbillionsofdollarsin
investmentpledges,Mr.daSilvawasinsteadfocusedontheeconomy.
ExportsofBrazilsrawcommoditieslikesoybeansandironoreareboomingasaresultofhigh
globalpricesand
insatiabledemandfromAsia.InonesignofBrazilseconomichealth,asthesubprimecredit
crisiswasroilingthe
UnitedStatesafewweeksago,Brazilsbondswereraisedtojustbelowinvestmentgrade.
HesaidthatLatinAmericaasawholewasatacriticalmoment,whenitneededtoseizethe
opportunitytoshoreupits
economies,notoriousformismanagementandcorruption.
Atthesametime,heshruggedoffsuggestionsthatheshouldseektobeahemisphericforceand
astronger
counterweighttoPresidentHugoChvezofVenezuela,whohasaggressivelyseizedthe
spotlightintheregionwith
hisenergydealmakingandpoliticalmaneuveringinfavorofleftwingcandidates.
WeinLatinAmericaarenottryingtolookforaleader,Mr.daSilvasaid.Wedontneeda
leader.Whatweneed
todoisbuildpoliticalharmonybecauseSouthAmericaandLatinAmericaneedtolearnthe
lessonofthe20th
century.Wehadtheopportunitytogrow,wehadtheopportunitytodevelopourselves,andwe
lostthatopportunity.
Sowestillcontinuetobepoorcountries.
WhatIwantistogovernmycountrywell.
Responda,deacordocomotexto,emportugus
:
1.AquecomparadooclimapolticodoBrasil?Istobom?
2.Sobreacrisenaaviao,muitoscrticosdizemqueafaltadeatitudedogovernodesencadeou
acrise.
Qualapalavraeminglsparafaltadeao?Existeumaequivalenteemportugus?
3.Qualaexpressoparapartidopoltico?
4.Comosetraduzapalavranetted,noterceiropargrafo?
5.Deacordocomoquintopargrafo,listeascaractersticasboaseruinsarespeitodoBrasil?
6.Comqueobjetoopresidentecomparado?Porqu?
7.Qualadesculpaqueopresidentedeuaojornalistaparasejustificarpornoculparningum
em
particular?
8.Comopodemostraduzirapalavramastermind?
9.Vocconheceapalavramismanagement?Listeexemplosdepalavrasqueiniciamcomo
prefixomis
edatraduo.
10.ParaopresidenteLula,qualalioqueosulamericanosprecisamaprenderapartirda
experincia
dosculoXX?
Parteinferiordoformulrio