CONSTRUCTION

MACHINERIES

By: ENGR. ALEXANDER B. TRILLANA

OSH CONSULTANT

AGENDA
Objectives
Introduction
Crane

Types
Operators Qualification & Certification
Inspection & Testing
Load Calculating & Rated Capacity
Work near Electric Power lines

Typical Construction Equipment

2

AGENDA
Hoist
Types
Inspection & Testing
Rated Capacity
Conveyor
Types
Inspection

AGENDA
Standard Operational Procedure
Inspection & Testing Certificate / Sticker
Preventive Maintenance
Operating Procedure
Lock Out & Tag Out System
Permit to Install

HOUSE RULES

o The facilitators may be interrupted at anytime for

questions and clarifications.
o Flexibility of time for each session.
o Cellular phones should be set to silent or vibra-mode
during the sessions.

OBJECTIVES
To learn the various mechanized
equipment and their requirements
To learn the basic rigging
calculations

INTRODUCTION
Cranes, Hoists, and Conveyors are
usually utilized to transfer a certain
objects, such as raw materials,
products, etc., from one place to
another.

HI-PO ACCIDENT
This lift should have been stopped before it got this far

HI-PO ACCIDENT

HI-PO ACCIDENT

HI-PO ACCIDENT

HI-PO ACCIDENT

HI-PO ACCIDENT

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HI-PO ACCIDENT

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HI-PO ACCIDENT

Slewing Ring Failure

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HI-PO ACCIDENT

Pick and carry

operation!
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HI-PO ACCIDENT

Broken Wind Shield

Hit by a bundle of rebars
during off-loading from
the delivery truck.

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HI-PO ACCIDENT
Crane Safety

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HI-PO ACCIDENT
Crane Safety
A good example of
sheer laziness and
putting others at risk
The operator was
told to move
materials and set up
correctly, this took
approximately 8
minutes.

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HI-PO ACCIDENT
Crane Safety
The result of this
accident/operator
crushed, died of injuries
sustained
Out riggers not fully
extended.
Lifting out of radius
Poor supervision

Note lack of
outrigger extension
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HI-PO ACCIDENT
Crane Safety

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HI-PO ACCIDENT
Crane Safety
A good example of
inexperience or unsafe
crane operation
Possible reasons
Load drifted out of
radius/Windy conditions
Crane not level
Weight gauge not working.
Unknown weight
Ground collapse
Operator inexperience

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HI-PO ACCIDENT
Crane Safety

Extra beams loaded on the outriggers for

added lifting capacity
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HI-PO ACCIDENT

Crane & Rigging Failures

How much time have you got to get out of the way?
When the lifting attachments fails or the crane tips
over, there is no time to move out of the way.
Usually it happen when your looking the other way.

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HI-PO ACCIDENT
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HI-PO ACCIDENT
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HI-PO ACCIDENT
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HI-PO ACCIDENT

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Picture
HI-PO Whole
ACCIDENT

Arrow shows pivot point on Portal crane legs. All lifting

should have been carried out using top beam.

HI-PO
ACCIDENT
Mast had moved sideway

Employee was
standing here
and was
trapped by
bottom beam

Legs on portal crane

moved in this
direction once lifted
from the bottom
beam.

HI-PO ACCIDENT
Sustained injuries

Workers legs
trapped in between
pipes and bottom
beam of crane. 60
ton assisting crane
hook and slinging
point opposite
injured worker

HI-PO ACCIDENT
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CRANE TYPES

Mobile Crane
Tower Crane
Barge Crane
Overhead Traveling Crane
Etc.

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MOBILE CRANE [CRAWLER-LATTICE BOOM]

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MOBILE CRANE [CRAWLER-LATTICE BOOM]

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MOBILE CRANE [TRUCK MOUNTED-LATTICE BOOM]

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MOBILE CRANE
[TRUCK MOUNTED-TELESOPIC BOOM]

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MOBILE CRANE
[ROUGH TERRAIN-TELESOPIC BOOM]

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TOWER CRANE
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TOWER CRANE
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BARGE CRANE

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BARGE CRANE

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BARGE CRANE

BARGE CRANE

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BARGE CRANE-CLAMP SHELL

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Overhead Traveling

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Overhead Traveling

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Overhead Traveling

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Overhead Traveling

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OPERATORS QUALIFICATION
AND CERTIFICATION
Vision Test 20/30 in one eye & 20/50 in the
other (corrected & uncorrected), normal depth
perception, field of vision & color vision.
Sufficient strength, endurance, agility,
coordination & responsiveness to meet the
demands of the equipment operation.

Adequate Hearing

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OPERATORS QUALIFICATION AND

CERTIFICATION

No physical defects or emotional disorders.

No evidence of seizures or loss of physical
control.
LTO license & TESDA Certificate.

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INSPECTION & TESTING

Third Party Inspection
Accredited Agency by DOLE-BWC.TUV
BAYERN
Yearly or After Modification, Alteration,
Repairs, Transfer or Re-install
Load Testing = 125% Above the max. load
Internal Inspection
Before using on site
Monthly
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INSPECTION & TESTING

Internal Inspection
Items:
Hoisting & Lowering
Trolley Travel
Swing Motion
Brakes & Clutches
Limit-Locking & Safety Devices

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INSPECTION & TESTING

Internal Inspection
Items:

Assembly, Foundation & Erection

Control Operations
Running Gear & Drives
All other Mechanism pertinent to the safe
operation of the equipment.

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Jib or Boom & Fly Jib

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Boom Stops
Boom stops are telescoping,
shock absorbing, or hydraulictype safety devices designed
and installed in a manner to
stop or shut off power to the
boom controls. The purpose of
the boom stops is to prevent
the boom from being raised to
a point where the center of
gravity is shifted to the rear of
the crane causing the boom to
fall backwards over the crane

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Jib Angle Indicator

Jib Angle Indicators are
required to indicate the angle
of the boom tip from the base
section on a horizontal plane.
They may be either mechanical
(activated by gravity) or
electronic, with a display
readout in the cab. Accurate
readout of boom angle
determines load capacity and
working radius.

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Slew Ring

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Winch Drum

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Head Sheaves

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Falls

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Main Hook Block & Sheaves

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Main Block & Spare Bond

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Anti Two Block

When activated stops the cranes winch

drums immediately
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Crane Hook Ball

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Outrigger

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Counterweight

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Crane Condition

A well maintained machine.

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Crane Condition

A well maintained machine

70

Crane Condition

An example of a poorly maintained crane.

Machines that look like this invite attention.
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Crane Condition
No kinks or broken
strands on winch
wire. Running true
onto the drum

72

Crane Condition

Measuring internal Gape to establish distortion. All

information such as gape size will be found in the
Operators manual.Technical Specifications.
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Crane Condition
No broken strands
in the lay

Diameter of rope
indicates wear and
renewal
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Crane Condition

Spare bond.
Badly rusted
Broken strands
Worn diameter
Kinks

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Crane Condition
Hydraulic Leaks from jib rams

Broken tail lights

Trust your instincts they are usually right.

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Rope Sockets
Rope termination points

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Incorrect Use

This wedge and socket is

positioned incorrectly the
live wire should be on the
opposite side.

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Acceptable Method

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LOAD CALCULATION
Load Weight
Check from name plate or tag.
By weighing scale.
By mathematical computation.
CRANE CAPACITY
Mobile Crane
By radius & boom length
Tower Crane
By radius
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WORK NEAR ELECTRIC POWERLINES

Minimum Safe Approach Clearance

Up to 125,000 volts...3m
126,000 to 250,000 volts4.5m
Over 250,000 volts.7.5m

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TYPICALCONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

WSO/LCM/BOR

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LOADER

BACHOE-LOADER

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BACHOE-LOADER

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BULLDOZER WITH RIPPER

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BULLDOZER

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BULLDOZER

BACKHOE CONVERTED ONTO BREAKER

BACKHOE CONVERTED ONTO BREAKER

BACKHOE

BACKHOE

BACKHOE

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NO MORE EQYUIPMENT REQUIRED

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NO MORE EQYUIPMENT REQUIRED

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NEW EXCAVATOR

NEW EXCAVATOR

WORLD'S BIGGEST EXCAVATOR

Built by KRUPP of Germany 45,500 tons

95 meters high 215 meters long

NEW EXCAVATOR

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FORKLIFT

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FORKLIFT Hydrogen Fuel

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TELEHANDLER

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TELEHANDLER

TELEHANDLER DISCOVERY

NOBODY GETS HURT

Tipper Truck Control

Trucks are only allowed to dump on flat, even

compacted ground.

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT

8/9/2013

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HI-PO ACCIDENT
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HI-PO ACCIDENT
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HI-PO ACCIDENT
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DOZER REVERSING

HI-PO ACCIDENT

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HI-PO ACCIDENT
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NOBODY GETS HURT

Case Studies: Barzan Early Site Works

HI-PO ACCIDENT
EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

NOBODY GETS HURT

Barzan Early Site Works

HI-PO ACCIDENT
EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

HI-PO ACCIDENT
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Accidents can happen at any time

HI-PO ACCIDENT
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NOBODY GETS HURT

Tipper Truck Control

NEVER CLIMB A
VEHICLE TO CLEAR
A STUCK LOAD

HI-PO ACCIDENT

EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

NOBODY GETS HURT

Tipper Truck Control

NO OVERLOADING
TIPPER TRUCKS

HI-PO ACCIDENT

EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

HI-PO ACCIDENT

NOBODY GETS HURT

Tipper Truck Control

TWO TRUCKS ARE NOT ALLOWED TO TIP TOGETHER

SIDE BY SIDE. THEY SHOULD BE AT LEAST 25 METERS
APART.

EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

NOBODY GETS HURT

Safe work practices: Exclusion zones

RESPECT EXCLUSION ZONES

AND KEEP OTHERS AWAY

HI-PO ACCIDENT

EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

Discuss the
Hazard
HI-PO
ACCIDENT

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HI-PO ACCIDENT

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NOBODY GETS HURT

This is the roller operator

The victim water bottle is here

HI-PO ACCIDENT

EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

NOBODY GETS HURT

Safe work practices: Blind spots

DO NOT STAND IN BLIND SPOTS!

HI-PO ACCIDENT

EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

HI-PO ACCIDENT

HI-PO ACCIDENT

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HI-PO ACCIDENT

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HI-PO ACCIDENT

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HI-PO ACCIDENT

NOBODY GETS HURT

Safe Work Practices: Overhead hazards

Always
check for
overhead
hazards

HI-PO ACCIDENT

EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

HI-PO ACCIDENT

NOBODY GETS HURT

Safe work practices: Line Of Fire

DO NOT PUT
YOURSELF IN
HARMS WAY!

HI-PO ACCIDENT

EVERY ONE , EVERY DAY , EVERY TASK

Previous Accident

HI-PO ACCIDENT

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Previous Accident

HI-PO ACCIDENT

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Previous Accident

HI-PO ACCIDENT

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Previous Accident

HI-PO ACCIDENT

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Previous Accident

HI-PO ACCIDENT

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HI-PO ACCIDENT

Vehicle reversing accident!

HI-PO ACCIDENT

HOIST TYPES

Personnel Hoist
Material Hoist

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INSPECTION & TESTING

Third Party Inspection
Accredited Agency by DOLE-BWC.ACEL
Every 6 mos. or After Modification, Alteration,
Repairs, Transfer or Re-install
Internal Inspection
Before using on site
Monthly

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INSPECTION & TESTING

Internal Inspection
Items:

Design and Installation

Warning Notice & Operating Rules
Hoist way enclosure
Tower Anchorage
Cage Enclosure
Door Interlocks
Overhead Protection
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INSPECTION & TESTING

Internal Inspection
Items:

Over speed safety devices

Emergency stop switch
Controls
Maximum speed
Maximum safe working load
Travel limit stops
Hoist ropes
Trained operator
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CONVEYOR TYPES
Guard Screw Conveyor

Roller Conveyor
Belt Conveyor

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INSPECTION
Stop Watch
Stop Pull Cable
Audible Warning Signal
Suitable Guards, IE, Catch, Nets, Side,
Panels, Etc.
Conveyor Motor Control
Danger & Warning Signs

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STANDARD OPERATIONAL
PROCEDURE
Inspection & Testing
Certificate & Sticker
Color coding for lifting gears
Preventive Maintenance
Operating Procedure
Lock Out & Tag Out Systems
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RED:

January to March

GREEN:

April to June

BLUE:

July to September

YELLOW:

October to December

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DOS & D0NTS ON CONVEYORS

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Dont
ignore the
LOTO

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PERMIT TO INSTALL

Obtain the permit to install from the

building official.

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END OF MODULE:

CONSTRUCTION
MACHINERIES

THANK YOU
By: ENGR. ALEXANDER B. TRILLANA
OSH CONSULTANT

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