Question Bank For First Year First Sem Mathematics - I Regulation 2013

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Hencethecharacteristic
UNIT-I (2marks questions)

1 2
1. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix
equationis (5) (6) 0
5 6 0
Sol.
3. Find the sum and product of the eigenvalues of the

matrix 1 1 1
The characteristic equatin of A is A I 0

1 2
1 0
0
0
0 2
1
1
0
1 1 1 .
1 1 1
Sol.
sumof theeigenvalues sum ofthe diagonal elements
(1) (1) (1)
2
20
(1 )(2 ) 0 0
2
2 2 0
1 1 1 product of theeigenvalues
3 2 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
The required characteristic equation is 3 2 0 .
1
2. Obtain the characteristic equation of
Sol.
1
Let A=
4
11
2
4
5
2
The characteristic equation of A is c1 c2 0
c1 sumof the maindiagonal elements
1 4 5
c2 A
1(1 1) 1( 1 1) 1(11)
1(0) 1( 2) 1(2)
1 2
5 4
4 10
6
4. Two eigen values of the matrix
7 2
10 4
5 are 0 and 1,
find the third eigen value.

Sol.
Given 1 0, 2 1, 3 ?
sumof theeigenvalues sum of the main diagonal elements
123
0 1 3
3
cseitquestions.blogspot.in
11 ( 2) (6)
3
2
32
163 32
5. Verify the statement that the sum of the elements in the

diagonal of a matrix is the sum of the eigenvalues of the matrix
2
2 3
2 1
1 2
6
0
sol .sum of theeigenvalues sumof the maindiagonal elements
(2) (1) (0)

1
2
product of theeigenvalues 2
3 2
7. Two eigenvalues of the matrix
6
8
2
6 7 4 are 3and 0.what is the product of theeigenvalues of A?
2 4
3
sol . given1 3, 2 0, 3 ?
w.k .tThe sum of theeigenvalues sumof the main diagonal
elements 1 2 3 8 7 3
2 3
1 6
0
1 2
2(0 12) 2(0 6) 3(4 1)
24 12 9
3 0 3 18
3 15
productofeigenvalues 123 (3)(0)(15) 0
45
8. Find the sum and product of the eigen values of the matrix
2 0 1
6 2
6. The product of the eigenvalues of the matrix A
2
2
3 1
1 3
is
16, Find the third
eigenvalue. Sol.
let theeigenvalues of the matrix Abe 1, 2 , 3.
0 2 0
1 0 2
sol .sumof theeigenvalues sum of the main diagonal elements
222
6
1
0 2
1 0
0
2
Given12 16
product of theeigenvalues A
2 0
we knowthat 12 3 A
6 2 2
2
3 1
2
1 3
6(9 1) 2( 6 2) 2(2 6)
6(8) 2(4) 2(4)
2(4 0) 0(0) 1(0 2)

8 2
6
1 2
9.Find the characteristic equation of the matrix
11.Find the eigenvalues of A given
and get its
0 2
A
eigenvalues.
Sol.
Given is a upper triangular matrix.
Hence the eigenvalues are 1,2
2 3
0 2 7
0 0 3
sol.
1 2 3
W.k.t the chacteristic equation of the given matrix is
A 0 2 7
0 0 3
clearly given Ais aupper triangular matrix
(sumof theeigenvalues ) ( product of
Hencetheeigenvalues are1,2,3 theeigenvalues
theeigenvalues) 0 (1 2) (1)(2) 0
of the given matrix Aare1,2,3
3 2 0
By the property theeigenvalues of the matrix A are1 ,2 , 3 .
10.Prove that if is an eigenvalues of a matrix A, then

eigenvalue of A1
is the
12.If
and
are cthe eigen values of

3
matrix whose eigenvalues are and
proof ;
If X betheeigenvector corresponding to
then AX X
premultiplying bothsides by A 1, weget
A 1 AX A 1 X
1 7
0 2
0
5
9
3 1
form the
Sol. (1 )[(2 )(5 ) 0] 7[0 0] 5[0 0] 0
(1 )(2 )(5 ) 0
1, 2, 5
IX A 1 X
XA X
1
sumof theeigenvalues
1 X A 1 X
i.e, A 1 X 1 X
1 2 5
30
1
13.Sum of square of the eigenvalues of
0 2
0 0
15.show that the matrix
Sol.
LetA
(1 )[(2 )(5 ) 0] 7[0 0] 5[0 0] 0
1, 2, 5
4
14 .two eigenvalues of A=
1 2 5
30
6
S2 A 1 2 1 4 5
Thecharacteristicis 2 5 0
2
Toprove A 2A 5I 0
A A.A
1 3
2 are equal and they are
1
5 2
double the
third.Find the eigenvalues of
A. Sol.
Letthethirdeigenvaluebe
Theremainingtwoeigenvaluesare2 ,2
sumftheeigenvalues sumofthemaindiagonalelements
A 2A 5I
2 2 (4) (3) (2)

5 5
2 1 2
2 1 2 1
3
4
4 3
3 4
4 3
0 0
0 0
1
theeigenvaluesofAare2,2,1
2
S1 sumof main iagonal elements

1 1 2
(1 )(2 )(5 ) 0
2 1
The cha.equation of the given matrix is
A I 0
2
SS 0
sumof theeigenvalues
satisfies its own characteristic
equation.
The characteristic equatin of A is A I 0

5
9
9 is..
Sol.
1 7
0 2
HencetheeigenvaluesofA are 2 ,2 ,1
1 2
2 1
1 0
0 1
16.If A=
express A in terms of A and I using Cayley
4 5
Hamilton theorem.
Sol.The cha.equation of the given matrix is A I 0
1 0
1 0
0
0
4 5
1
17.Write the matrix of the quadratic form

2
2
2x 8z 4xy 10xz 2 yz .
Sol.
1
1
2
coeff of x
2 coeff of xy
1
0 0
1
4
5
coeff of xz
(1 )(5 ) 0
0 (1 )(5 ) 0
coeff of yz coeff of z2
5
1
f x1 , x2 , x3 x1 2x2
sol .The matrix of Q.F is
Q=
1
2
coeff of x
2 coeff of xy
2
A 6A 5I 0, A 6A 5I multiply
Aon both sides
2
A 6A 5A 0
2 coeff of yz
18.Determine the nature of the following quadratic form
By Cayley Hamilton theorem,
Q= 2 0
5 1
2 6 5 0
coeff of y
Q= 2 coeff of xy
2 coeff of xz
A 6A 5A
6(6A 5I ) 5A
36A 30I 5A
31A 30I
coeff of xy
coeff of xz
coeff of y
1
2 coeff of xz
coeff of
yz
2
2
coeff of yz
coeff of z
1 0
=0 2
0 0
There for the eigenvalues are 0,1,2. so find the eigenvalues one
eigenvalue is Zero another two eigenvalues are positive
.so given Q.F is positive semi definite.
19. State Cayley Hamilton theorem.

Every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation.
2
20. Prove that the Q.F x 2 y 3z 2xy 2 yz 2zx .

Sol.The matrix of the Q.F form,
coeff of x
2 coeff of xy
coeff of y
Q= 2 coeff of xy
coeff of xz
2 coeff of xz
coeff of yz
1
2 coeff of yz
coeff of z
1 1
D1 a1 1 1(ve)
b1 1 1
a1
D2
a
2
a1 D3
a2
a3
(2 1)
1(ve) b2 1 2
b1
c1
b2 c2 1(6 1) 1(3 1) 1(1 2)

2(ve) b3 c3
The Q.F is indefinite.
Solution:
UNIT II - SEQUENCES AND SERIES

Part A
1. Given an example for (i) convergent series
(i)
The converges or diverges of an infinite

series is not affected when each of its terms
is multiplied by a finite quantity
(ii)
If a series in which all the terms are positive

is convergent, the series will remain
convergent even when some or all of its
terms are made negative
(ii) divergent series (iii) oscillatory series

Solution:
(i)
The series
+
is convergent
(ii)
1+2+3+.+n+ is divergent
(iii)
1-1+1-1+ is oscillatory
5. Define alternating series

Solution:
A series whose terms are alternatively positive and
negative is called alternating series
2. State Leibnitzs test for the convergence of an

alternating series
Solution:
Eg:
The series a1-a2+a3-a4+. In which the terms are

alternately +ve and ve and all ais are positive, is
convergent if
(i)
and
is an alternating series
6. Prove that the series
is convergent
Solution:
(ii)
The nth term of the series is an=
3. State the comparison test for convergence of

Then an+1 =
series Solution:
Let an and bn be any two series and let
finite quantity 0, then the two series converges
or diverges together
now
=
=
=
=0(
Hence by DAlemberts test, an is convergent
4. State any two properties of an infinite series
7. When is an infinite series is said to be (i)
The nth term of the series be an=
convergent (ii) divergent (iii) oscillatory?

Then
Solution:
Let an be an infinite series and let Sn be the
sum of the first n terms of an infinite series then
(i)
an is decreasing and
(iii)
If
not tend to a definite limit or , then
the series is oscillatory.
8. State true or false

2
(i)
If an is convergent, an is also convergent.
(ii)
If the n term of a series does not tend to zero

as n, the series is divergent.
(iii)
The convergence or divergence of an infinite seies

is not affected by the removal of a finite number of
terms from the beginning
th
absolutely
convergent
series
is
10. For what values of p, the series

(i) convergent (ii) divergent
=0
++
+ will be
Solution:
The p-series is convergent if p 1 and divergent if
UNIT-III
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
2
1) Find the curvature of x y 4 x 6 y 1 0
Solution:
fx
convergent Solution:
f y 2
2
2
f xx f y 2 f xy f x f y f yy fx
2
2
f = x y 4x 6 y 1
All are true.

9. Prove that the series
convergent
By Leibnitz test, the given series is convergent. Also the

series formed by the absolute value of its terms is
divergent. Hence the series is conditionally convergent.
the series is said to
If If
be divergent
An
=1/n+1
Since , n+1 n ,
If
is finite the series is said to
be convergent
(ii)
(iv)
=1/n and
is conditionally
Solution:
f x 2x 4
fy2y6
f xx 2
f yy 2
xy
ye
x
ye
1
3
2
2 y 6
2 2 y 6 0 2 2x 4
2
1 2
curvature
2 y 6
2x 4
2
2 y 6
2x 4
2 y 6
(2x 4)
(2 y 6)
3
2
2 y 6
3
2
2 2 y 6 2x 4
2
(2x 4)
2
1 y12
3/ 2
113/ 2
2 2
(2x 4
Given xy c at ( c , c)
2
y c
x
y c
2
x
1
2
2c
y2
Sol:
2
x3
2) What is the formula of radius of

curvature in Cartesian
form and parametric
form? Sol:
(1 y 2 )3/
1
Cartesian form:
y c 1
2
c
1
2
2c
2
y2
c
c3
1 y12 3/ 2 113/ 2 c.2

2/c
y2
c 2.
3/ 2
y2
2
2 3/
Parametric form: x ' y '
2
y 2 ]x0 e
2 y 6 (2x 4)
x0
4 Find the radius of curvature of the curve xy c at ( c , c)
1/ 2
y2
y2e
2x 4
e 1
y]
x ' y '' y ' x ''
3 Find the radius of curvature at x=0 on y e

Solution:
x
Given y e
3
Radius of curvature
1 y 2
1
What is the curvature of the curve x y 25 at the
point (4,3) on
it. Sol:
Since the given curve is a circle &
We know that radius of given circle is 5 units
radius of curvature of a circle is equal to the
radius of the given circle
5
1 1
curvature
y2
5.
Given y 4ax
6 Find radius of curvature of the curve x a

cos , y b sin at any point ' '
Sol:
x a cos
x ' a sin
x '' a cos
y bsin
y ' b cos
y '' b sin
x '2 y '2
3/ 2
a sin b cos
2
2 yy1 4a
sin b cos
3/ 2
2a
y1 at y 2a 2a 1
2a
diff 2 w.r .to x,
2
y
yy y y 0 yy
(Qsin cos 1)
3/ 2
r1 r
2
rr1 2r2
Given r e
r e
&
y2
r e
3/ 2
2 e
2.r
22
3/ 2
11
23/ 2 2a 2
1/ 2a 1/ 2a
3/ 2
3/ 2
e e 2 e

y 2 at y 2a 1/ 2a
2
e e 2
yy1 2a
3/ 2
ab
7 Find the radius of curvature at any point on the
curve r e .
Sol:
2
y2
diff 1 w.r .to x,
ab sin ab cos
x ' y '' x '' y '

2
1
1 y 2 3/
1
Formula
2 e
e e
2
2e
3/ 2
2 e
i.e. 2
5/ 2
5/ 2
.a 4a 2
9 Find the radius of curvature at (a,0) on y

2
Sol: Given y
a 3 x3
x
8 Find the radius of curvature at y=2a on the

2
curve y 4ax
Sol:
a 3 x3
x
y2a
d x
3
2 yy a 2x
2
x
1
3
y a x
2
2x y y
1
xy
at (a,0)
dx
dy
0 3x
2 y
dx
dy
2x 2xy 6x
3x y
dx
at (a,0)
0
dy
2y
2
3a
2a
3a
2a
10 Find the radius of curvature at x
dx 2xy
9a
dy
0
6a
dy
1 0 3/ 2
d 2x
dx
3/ 2
dy
dx
dx
3x 2 y2 2
3a 2 0 0 2a 0
3a2 02
dy
2xy ( y 3x ) dy
dy
d x
dy
x. 2y y . dy
dx
dy
at (a ,0) y1
Hence we find dx
3x
2 on the curve
y 4sin x sin 2x .
Sol:
y 4sin x sin 2x
dy
dx 4cos x 2cos 2x
d2y
y1
y2
4sin x
2
4sin 2x dx
at x / 2, y1 4(0) 2cos 2 at
x / 2, y2 4(1) 4sin 4
1 y1
23/ 2
1 4
4
5 5
4
y2
3/ 2
3/ 2
1 (2)
4
53/ 2 5.51/ 2 5 5
4
Q is
ve
11 Define the curvature of a plane curve and what is

the curvature of a straight line
Sol:
The curvature of a plane curve at K ds

The curvature of a straight line is zero.
12 Find the radius of curvature at any point (x,y) on the
x
curve y c logsec
13 Find the radius of the curve given by x 3 2cos ,
y 4 2sin
Sol:
x 3 2cos
y 4 2sin
dy
dx 2sin
2cos
d
d
dy 2cos
cot
dx 2sin
2
d y d dy d
d
1
cot
2
dx
d
2sin
d dx dx
cos ec
Sol:
1 y
c
1
y1 c.
2sin
y c logsec
tan
sec
x
x 1
x
tan
. sec c
c
c c
c
2
1
3/ 2
c
1
y2 sec
c
1
3
2 cos ec
2
3
cos ec
1
3
2 cos ec
c
2
3/ 2
1 cot
cos ec
1 y1
y2
3/ 2
tan
1
sec 2
c
sec
x
c
x
3/ 2
sec
c.
sec
x
c
3/ 2
c
c.sec
sec 2
14 Write the formula for centre of curvature

and equation of circle of curvature.
Sol:
Centre of curvature: x x
y1 1 y12
y2
(1 y )
&
x
c
Circle of curvature:
yy
y2
x x 2 y y 2 2
15 Find the centre of curvature of y x of the origin.

Sol:
0 x 2am
The centre of curvature is given by

Xx
y1
y
2
1 ( y1 )2 , Y y
1 y1 2
2
2 1 (0)
1 0
Yy
2
2
at (0,0), X 0
1
2
at (0,0), Y 1
2
Centreof curvatureis
0,
xa
2a
2a
2
x
x
2a 2
4a
2a
2
2
2
x
x
x
y
2a 4a
4a
2
x 4ay is the required envelope
18 efine envelope of a family of
curves. Definition:
A curve which touches each member
of a family of curve is called the envelope of that
family curves.
at (0,0), y2 2
2.
at (0,0), y1 0
X x
2a
y mx am
Given y x ; y 2x ; y
1
2
16 Write properties of
evolutes. Sol:
19 efine Evolute and Involute.
(i) The normal at any point of a curve touches the

evolute at the corresponding Centre of curvature.
(ii)The length of an of the evolute is equal to the of
curvature at the points on the original curve
corresponding to the extremities of the arc
(iii)There is only one evolute, but an infinite

number of involutes.
17 Find the envelope of the family of straight
2
lines y mx am , m being the parameter.
Sol:
2
Given y mx am
Diff. partially w.r.to m, we get,
The locus of the centre of the given curve is

called the evolute of the curve.
The given curve is called the Involute of its evolute.
20 Find the envelope of the family of lines
x
t yt 2c ,
t being the
parameter. Sol:
Given family of lines can be written as,
2
yt 2ct x 0 --------- (1)

2
The envelope of At Bt C 0 is B 4AC

0 From (1) we get A = y, B= -2c, C =
Putting these values in (2) we get,
(2c ) 4 yx
(1) (2) we get,

x
y
0 4c 4 yx
2
0 c xy 0
xy c
This is required envelope.
cos
x2
a
2 cos
sin
y mx m , where m is a parameter.
Sol:
a
(1)
m
2
ym m x a
y2
b
2 sin
2
Given y mx
sin
a b
2xy cos sin
b2
is the parameter.
Sol:
Given x cos y sin a sec 1
Dividing equation (1) by cos
y 4ax 0
sec
sin 1, being the parameter

Sol:
Given, x cos y sin 1
1
a
b
diff partially (1) w.r .to ' ' we get
1 0
x cos y sin a sec , where
cos
23 Find the envelope of the straight lines
m x ym a
0 This is a quadratic in m
2
So the envelope is B 4AC 0
Here A x , B y , c a
22 Find the Envelope of the family of lines
cos2 0 2xy cos sin
x y 1
y 4ax
x sin2 y
a 2 b2
2
2
x cos2 sin2 y sin2 cos2 1
2
y
21 Find the Envelope of the family of Straight

lines a
cos
we get,
a sec
x y tan a cos
a(1 tan ) a tan y tan (a x) 0

Which is a quadratic equation in
tan
Here A=a, B=-y, C = (a-x).

2
B 4AC 0,
2
y 4a ( a x) 0
sin y cos 0
a
b
x
a
(2)
24 Find the envelope of y mx a m b , where m is a
b (
26 Find the envelope of the family given by x my m ,
y m x 2mxy a m b
2
m is
parameter. Sol:
m (x a ) 2mxy y b 0
The given equation can be

2
written as m y mx 1 0,
Which is quadratic equation in
Which is a quadratic equation in m.

2
Hence the envelope is B 4AC 0

2
Here A= ( x a ), B=-2xy, C = y b
2 2
2
2
2
2
4x y 4(x a )( y b ) 0
2
i.e, b x a y a b
2
2
y
x
1
a
x 4 y 0 x
4y
27 Find the envelope of y mx 1 m2 where m is a

parameter.
Sol:
Given y mx 1 m
25 Find the envelope of x cos y sin a, where is
a parameter.
Sol:
Given x cos y sin a (1)
Diff w.r.to
x sin y cos 0 (2)
Eliminate between (1) and (2)
2
1 2 2 , we have

2
2
2
2
(x cos y sin ) ( x sin y cos ) a 0
2
2
2
2
x cos y sin 2xy sin cos 2
2
, Here, A y , B x , c 1
Hencethe envelopeis B 4AC 0
x y (x a )( y b ) 0
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
x y x y b x a y a b 0
2
y mx ) a m b
cos ) a x y a
y mx
x (cos sin ) y (sin
parameter.
Sol:
y mx 1 m
Squaring onboth sides ( y mx ) 1

2
m y 2mxy m x 1 m
2
m (x 1) 2mxy y 1 0.
2
Here A x 1, B 2xy , C
2
y 1. B 4AC 0
2
(2xy ) 4(x 1)( y 1) 0

2
4x y 4(x 1)( y 1) 0
x sin y cos 2xy sin cos
UNIT IV
As f is a homogeneous function of order n=2, it
FUNCTIONS AND SEVARAL VARIABLE

PART-A
1
1. If u cos
xy
x y
, P.T . x
u
u
y
x
y
1
cot u .
2
satisfies the Eulers theorem.

x f y f nf
x
y
x (tan u ) y (tan u) 2 tan u.
x
y
Proof:
Given f ( x , y ) cosu
xy
x y
x (sec u )
u
u
2
y (sec u )
x
y 2 tan u.
xu y u
x
y
As f is hom ogeneous function of deg ree n 1 ,

2
it is satisfiesthe Euler ' s equation.
f
f
x
y
x
y
2 sin u cos
nf
x
3. If u log
x y
, P.T . x
xy
sin 2u .
Solution:
3
x y
Given f ( x , y ) tan u
xy
u
u
y
sin 2u.
x
y
, P.T. x
x y
x
y
2 sin u
1
x u y u cot u.
x
y
2
1
cos u
1 .
sec u
2
u.
cos u
2sin u cos u.
x (cos u ) y (cos u) cos u .

x
y
2
1
x ( sin u ) u y ( sin u ) u cos u.
x
y
2
x u y u 1 cos u .
2. If u tan
2 sin u
u
y
Given u log
Solution:
xy
f
2
xy
xy
.1 x 2x
f x y
2 2
2
2
x y
Similarly, y
2
x y
xy
As f is hom ogeneous functionof deg ree n 2,
Let
f eu
it is satisfies the Euler ' s equation.

f
f
x
y
x
y
u
4. If f ( x , y ) log x y , show that
0.
Solution: Given f ( x , y ) log x
x
x
x
u
x
x
y
1
2
2
2 log x y
2 x y
show that
tan 1
u
x
u
u
y
0
x
y
Solution: Given u x y z
y z x
Hence the proof.
6. If u x y z show that x u y u z u 0 .
y z x
x
y
z
1 2x
Using Eulers theorem, x
x u y u 2.
x
y
Solution: Here u is a homogeneous function of degree n = 0.
nf
u
u
u
x ( e ) u y ( e ) u 2e .
y f
5. If u sin 1
(e )
(e )
x
y
2e u
x
y
1 z
2
y x
x z

y
x
y
.........(1)
1
z
u
x y
y
y z
y
u
z
u
z
z
y 1
x
z2
y z
x
z
..........(2)
R.H .S
..........(3)
Add eqn. (1),(2) & (3), we get
z
x
z
cos
z z
(cos )
sin cos
x y
y
2
sin
2
2
cos 2
z z sin cos
x y
y
2
r
r
z z x z y
r x r
y r
z cos z sin
x
y
z z x z y
x
y
x
y
Solution: Wkt,
( sin )
sin 2
where x r cos , y r sin .Show that

2
u
u
u
x y z 0.
x
y
z
7. If z f ( x , y )
1 z
y
2
cos
sin
Thus, R.H.S = L.H.S

If z f x , y , x e cos v , y e sin v show that
u
8.
z
xv y u e
2u
z
y .
Solution: Given z f x , y , x e cos v , y e sin v

u
z( r sin ) z (r cos )
x
y
1z
z sin z cos
r
x
y
z
u
z
x
x z
u y
y
u
z u
z
u
x e cos v y e sin v
u x 1 x
y
xy
y
z
z
z
u
u
ye cos v
ye sin v
y
u
x
y
e
2u
z
z
v
x
z
x
z
v
y
z xe
x
e
2u
(1) (2)
z
z
3x 3y
sin v
2u
xv y u e
sin
z xe u cos v
dy
v cos v
du
.
dx
u
x
1 log (xy)
1
( y ) log ( xy)
xy
dx 1 log( xy) y
dy f
dx
f
u
x
dx 0
10. Find dy when x y 3axy

dx
Solution:
3
3
Let f ( x , y ) x y 3axy
f
f
2
2
3x 3ay ;
3y 3ax
x
y
Solution:
Given , u x log ( xy ) & x y 3 xy 1
du u u dy
....(1)
dx
x y dx
dy
xx y
3
3
9. If u x log( xy) where x y 3 xy 1 find
du
(1)
Hence proved.
dx
e2u z
3y 3x
x y
dy 3 x 3y
2
2
3 y 3x
y x
dx
dy
3x 3y 3y 3x
z
2 z
2u
e cos v
....(2)
x
y
dx
y
sin v cos v
Diff. w.r.to x,
sin v y e cos v
consider , x y 3xy 1
....(1)
y
v
z
x e
x z
v
z 2u 2 z
e sin v
x
y
sin v cos v
x
y
11. Find dy when y sin x x cos y

dx
Solution:
Given y sin x x cos y
y sin x x cos y 0
2
3x 3ay x ay
2
2
3y 3ax
y ax
Let f ( x , y) x cos y y sin x

cos y y cos x & f x sin y sin x
y
f
x
du
dy f x cos y y cos x
dx
with
dt
2e
u
x
u
y
13. Find
du
(1) (2) (3)

t
if u sin (x / y) , where x e , y t .
15.
dt
Solution:
du u
dt t
u r
r x
u
(1)
s
u
r
u s
s x
u
(1)
t
r u
y
s
u
z
2 e e e sin t e sin t cos t e cos t e sin t cos t

2e e e sin t cos t
t
t
2e
2e
y2
2e
u (1) u (1)
r
t
x y (sin t cos t) z (cos t sin t)
y
y
t t
e e
2t
Let r y z, s z x and t x y
x dt
y dt z dt
t
t
t
t
t
2x e 2 y (e sin t e cos t) 2z (e cos t e sin t)
t
e cos
Solution: Given u f y z, z x, x y
Solution: Given u x y z , x e , y e sin t, z e cos t

du
u dx u dy
u dz
14. If u = f( y z , z x , x y ) find x y z .
If u x y z and x e , y e sin t , z e cos t find du

dt
actual substitution.
2
dy cos y y cos x
dx x sin y sin x
12.
cos
dt
x sin y sin x
f y
cos
x
.....(1)
u t
t
y
.....(2)
u t
u r u
r z
s z
t z
.....(3)
u (1) u (1)
r
s
u
x
u
u
y
z
0
2
Find the minimum value of F = x +y subject to the

Constraint x=1.
. dx u . dy
dt
Solution: Given F = x +y
y dt
= square of the distance from the

origin The minimum of F is 1.
16. Define Jacobian.
If u and v are functions of the two independent variables
x and y, then the determinant x

v
y
y
v
y
of u ,v with respect to x,y.
(x, y)
17. Find the Jacobian
(r, )
evaluate
is called the Jacobian
(u, v)
(r, )
Solution:
u, v
r,
x, y
It is denoted by u, v .
if x r cos , y r sin .
Solution: Given x r cos
x
cos
r
y
r sin
r
x, y
r,
18. If u 2xy , v x y and x r cos , y r sin ,
r sin
sin
r
y r cos
x,
x, y
r,
x
v
x
y
v
y
r
y
r
vx y
v
2x
x
v
2 y
y
y r sin
Given x r cos
cos r sin
sin r cos
y
r cos r sin
r cos sin
2
x, y
r,
u, v
Given u 2xy
u
2y
x
u
2x
y
r
y
r
x
cos
r
y
r sin
r
u, v
r,
y
sin
r
y
r cos
cos
sin
2 y 2x
2x 2 y
4 y 4x
r cos
r cos
r cos2 r sin2
2
2
2
2
4 x y r cos sin
2
4 r
u , v
r,
y
19. If u
x u
v
4r
(u , v)
x
, v then find
.
2
(x , y)
Solution:
u
Given
u
x
u
u , v
x , y
x
2
x2
2y
x
v
y
u
x
v
x
x , y
u , v
u
y
v
y
u , v
'
u &J x,y
To prove: J .J = 1
'
J J
1
u
x,y
u , v
u,v
x,y
1
u
'
J J 1
2y
2x
21. If x r sin cos , y r sin sin , z r cos .Find J.

Solution:
Given x r sin cos , y r sin sin , z r cos
20. If x u (1 v ), y uv compute J & J , and prove J . J 1.
Solution: Given x u 1 v and y uv

x
u 1 v
u,v
y2
x2
2
y
2
v
y
v
x,y
u
y
u
u uv uv
2x
2
2
x
y
1 4 3
u , v
x , y
u (1 v ) (uv)
u
2y
x
y2
2
x
2x
y
y
1 v
vu
x
y
y u
v
y
u v
x,y,z
r , ,
x
r
r
y
r
f x , y f a , b 1 f x a , b x a f y a , b y b
1
r sin
0
cos
2
2
2
2
cos (r cos sin cos r cos sin sin )
1 f xx a , b x a 2 f xy a , b y b x a
2
2
f yy a , b y b
1 x 1 y 1
2
sin cos r cos cos r sin sin

sin sin r cos sin r sin cos
xy
r sin (r sin cos r sin sin )

r sin cos sin cos r sin (sin cos )
2
xy
in Taylors series at (1, 1) up to
x,y e
xy
fyx,y e
xy
f xx x , y e
xy
f xy x , y e
f yy x , y
xy
xy
and the po int a 1,b 1

f 1,1 e
f
e xy x 2
The Taylors series is
f xx 1,1 e
(1) y e
1,1 e
f y 1,1 e
xy
(x )
f xy 1,1 e e 2e
f yy 1,1 e
Solution:
1
1
e 2
1, e sin
4 4
1
e1 sin
e
f
x 1,
4 4
f
f x x , y e sin y
x
f x , y e x sin y
Given f x , y e
xy
f x,y e
4 x 1 y 1 y 1
up to the first degree terms.
second degree.
Solution:
point 1,
22. Expand f ( x , y ) e
x 1
23. Find the Taylors series expansion of e sin y near the
J r sin
r sin sin cos

2
...
f y x , y e cos y
x
1,
e1 cos
4
2e
1
2
The required expansion is

f x , y f a , b 1 f x a , b x a f y a , b y b
1
f x , y f 1,
x 1 fx
1,
4
1
e sin y
x
1 x 1 y
e 2
fy
1,
24. Write condition for finding maxima and minima. Necessary Conditions:
The necessary conditions for f(x, y) to have a maximum
or minimum at (a, b) are that x 0 and y 0 at (a,b)
Sufficient Conditions:
Let r fxx a,b ; s fxy a,b and t f yy a,b
2
(i ) If rt s 0 and r 0 at (a, b) , then f is maximum and
f (a, b) is maximum value

2
(ii) If rt s 0 and r 0 at (a,b) , then f is minimum and f(a, b) is minimum value.

2
(iii) If rt s 0 , then f is neither maximum nor minimum

at (a, b).
2
(iv) If rt s = 0 , in this case further investigation are

required.
25. Find the stationary points of
3
f (x, y) x y 3x 12 y 20 .
Solution: Given f (x, y) x y 3x 12 y 20

2
fx 3x 3 fy 3y 12 For stationary points fx 0, f y 0

2
3x 3 0 x 1 x 1 3y 12 0 y 1 y 2
The stationary points are (1,2), (1,-2),(-1,2) & (-1,-2).
2
26. Find the stationary points of z x xy y 2x y .

2
Solution: Given z x xy y 2x y
zx 2x y 2 , zy x 2 y 1 For stationary points fx 0, f y 0
2x y 2 and x 2 y 1 Solving x =1, y =0

The stationary point is (1,0)
2
27. Find the maximum and minimum values of x xy y 2x y

2
Solution: Given f (x, y) x xy y 2x y

fx 2x y 2
f y x 2 y 1
fxx 2
f yy 2
fxy 1
2
At maximum and minimum point: fx = fy = 0 (1,0) may be maximum point or minimum point. At (1,0): fxx . fyy ( fxy) = 4-1 =
3 > 0 & fxx =2 > 0
(1,0) is a minimum point

Minimum value = f(1,0) = -1
in
u
xx
xy
u
28. A flat circular plate is heated so that the temperature at
2
any point (x,y) is u(x,y) = x +2y -x. Find the coldest
For stationary points u x 0
2x 1 0
point on the plate.

2
Solution: Given u x 2 y x
ux 2x1
uyy 4
uy 4y
u y 0 4 y 0
The point is
1
2 ,0
y 0
1 ,0
At
xx
yy
xy
8 0&u
xx
2 0
f x x 0
f 0
2
The point
,0
is the minimum point.
2
1
Hence the point
,0 is the coldest point.
(1)
(2)
4 x 1 7 y 0
Solving (1) & (2) = 1, =
1
9
If 1 x 2 y & 5y 225
(no real valueof y)
2
29. Find the shortest distance from the origin to the curve
2
1 x 4 y 0
If
x 8xy 7 y 225 .
9 y 2x x
5, y 20
Solution:
Let f x 2 y 2 & x 2 8xy 7 y2 225

f
1. y3
8xy 7 y 225
2
x1 x2
x3
u , v , w
x , y , z
(12. (i) Find the Jacobian

x y z u , y z u v , z u v w
2
, if
(ii) If u x y , v 2xy . f ( x , y ) (u , v) show that

2
f
2
f
2
2
2
4(x y
UNIT-V
PART-A
1
1. Evaluate dx e
0
y x
dy
Sol:
1x
Let I =
yx
dydx
0 0
eyx
x
ax
dydx
1x
0
xe
Qe
dx
eax
yx x
dx
(xe
x x
xe
)dx
(xe x ) dx
0
x ( e 1) dx
0
(e 1) x dx
0
2 1
(e 1)
2
(e 1)
0
a
11
xy
ba
dxdy
dx
log x
x2
a
2
sin
a
a
a2
dydx
sin
(1)
0 0
xy(x y) dxdy
2
1
(0) 0,
sin 1 (1)
2
4
1 x
sin
0 0
Sol:
sin 1
2
4. Evaluate
Sol:
Qsin 0 0
a a
b
1
log a log b
2
(log a 0)(log b 0) (Qlog1 0)
a a
log y
log a log1 log b log1
3. Evaluate
x a x
2
log x1
xy
b
dy
a dx
2
x 0 dx
11
a x dx
Sol:
dx
dxdy
ba
e 1
2
Let I
dydx
y0 a 2 x2
2. Evaluate
a a 2 x2
Let I
sin
(0)
cseitquestions.blogspot.
in
1 x
Let I
xy(x y) dxdy
x2 y xy2 dxdy
1 x
Sol:
Let I
(x y xy ) dydx (correct form)
00
x
1
3
2
1
0
x5 2
dx
xy
1 1
2 4
32
1 2
2 1 tan
21
xx
52
37
y
y
3 72
dy
(0) dy
tan
y
y
1
1 tan (1) dy
1 y
1
1 dy
log 2 log1
4
2 a cos
r drd
6. Evaluate
0
Sol:
2116
168
168
dy
x
tan
3 7
y2
41y
x2
2
1 dy
1y 4
x2 y2
dx
x
dx
3
00
1 52
1
x dx x dx
0 2
0 3
14
72
1 x
1 x
dxdy
2 y
00
Q x
dx
2y
2 2
x y
x2 y2
00
0 0
dxdy
2 y
5. Evaluate
0 0
4 log 2 (Qlog1 0)
2 a cos
r drd
Let I
0
r dr d
correct form
3 1
3
n 1 n 3
cos
0
cos d
2 sin
0
3
3
2a
a3
r d dr
a cos d
3
2 sin
0
a cos
r3
Let I
n n2
......1,if nis odd
n 1 n 3 ...... ,if nis even

n n2
2
sin
d
2 0
sin 2
1
2
sin
sin
1 . 1 .
2 2 2 8
r d dr
7. Evaluate
Sol:
cos
r dr d
8. Evaluate
0
Sol:
n 1 n 3
sin n
0
n n2
n 1 n 3
n n2
......1,if nis odd
......
,if niseven
cos
Let I r dr d
0
0x
But by changing the order we get,
0 d
cos d
2
0
1
2
cos d
20
1 1 cos 2 d
20
2
sin 2
1

4
2
0
1
sin 2 0 0
4
2
2
y dxdy
e0 0 y
x0y dy
y
r 0
cos
dxdy is difficult to solve
r cos
ey
( y 0) dy
e dy
y
1 0
4
9. Why do we change the order of integration in multiple

integrals? Justify your answer with an example?
e y
Sol :
1
0
Some of the problems connected with double

integrals,which seen to be complicated,can be made easy
to handle by a change in the order of integration.
(e e ) (0 1) 1
0
10. Express
Example:
aa
(x2
0y
Sol:
x 2 dxdy in polar co-ordinates

y )
Here
The region of integration is
bounded by y 0, y a , x y , x a.
Let us transform this integral in polar co-ordinates by taking
x r cos , y r sin , dxdy rdrd .
Consider the limits x y , x a , y 0 .
If y 0 r sin 0 r 0,sin 0
r 0, 0
r cos r sin
If x y
x2
0y
r (cos sin
2
r sin
3
2
r cos drd
4 asec
0
R
1 1 y
x 10 y dy
0
(1 y ) dy
32
0
2
y y
32
cos drd
11 .Find dxdy over the region bounded by x 0, y 0, x y 1
Sol:
Given x 0, y 0 & x y 1
The region of integration is the triangle.
2 0
4 asec
dxdy
0 0
1
(r cos ) rdrd
r cos
I dxdy
4 asec
x2
aa
4
a
r
cos
ra sec
r cos a
y varies from y 0 to y 1
cos 1
sin
tan 1

If x a
varies from x 0 to x 1 y
12. Find the area of a circle of radius a by double

integration in polar
Co-ordinates
Sol:
The equation of circle whose radius is a is given by
r 2a cos
The limits for

r : r 0 to r 2a cos
y var ies from 0 to 1 x

x var ies from 0 to 1
: 0 to 2
Area 2 upper area
r2
2
0
2
2 a cos
dzdydx
1
0 0
15. Evaluate
20
2
Let I
232
0 1 1
23 2
xy zdxdydz
0 11
cos d
2 1
x 2
2 2
4a
13. Define
3y
xdx
4a
xy z dzdydx
Sol:
4a cos d
4a
rdrd
1 x
2 2 a cos
z var ies from 0 to 1 x y
a
22
Area
in
polar
dy zdz
1
Co-
Area=
14. Express the Volume bounded

by x 0, y 0, z 0 and x y z 1
in triple integration.
(2)
27
26 3
2
2 2
2
1
ordinates Sol:
rdrd
Sol:
For the given region
2 3
1
3
4 1
2 2
26 3
16. Find the volume of the region bounded by the

2
surface y x , y x and the planes z 0, z 3
Sol:
y x (1)
17. Sketch roughly the region of integration for
x y (2)
Substituting (2) in (1) we
00
f ( x , y ) dy dx.
Sol:
get x x
x
1x
x 0
3
x x 1 0
x 0,1
1
Re quired volume
dzdydx
0 x
The region of integration is bounded by x 0, x 1, y 0, y x
z 0dydx
3
Here x var ies from x 0 to x 1 y

var ies from y 0 to y x
0x
a a
1 x
3dydx
0 ax x
xx
dx
y varies from y a x to y ax x
2
2
i.e., y x a which is a circle with centre (0,0)
and radius a.
32 3 0
32
31
2x
x
3
3
3
0
3 2(1) 1
dydx.
Given x varies from x = 0 to x = a
Sol:
3 y x2 dx
x32
18. Sketch the region of integration
0x
2 1 1
x 2 y 2 ax
i.e., x
a
2
a
2
2
y
a y 2 0
4
a2
4
This is a circle with centre

(a/2,0) and radius a/2.
ax
19. Change the order of integration in
f ( x , y ) dydx
20. Sketch roughly the region of integration for the following

double integral
00
Sol:
ax
Given
f ( x , y ) dydx
f ( x , y ) dxdy
Sol:
Given that x var ies from x 0 to x a
2
00
The region of integration is

bounded by x 0, x a , y 0, y x
i.e., x var ies from x 0 to x a represents Vertical path
y var ies from y 0 to y x represents Vertical strip
Now changing the order of integration we get
x var ies from x y to x a represents Horizontal strip
y var ies from y 0 to y a represents Horizontal path
ax
aa
f ( x , y ) dydx
f ( x , y ) dx dy
00
a a 2 x2
y var ies from y 0 to y a x i.e., y

2
x a
2
x y a
Which is a circle with centre (0,0) and radius a
0y
1 1 y
21.Change the order of integration in f ( x , y ) dxdy

0
Sol:
Given x var ies from x 0 to x 1 y i .e., x y 1 represents
Horizontal y var ies from y 0 to y 1 represents Horizontal path
The region of integration is bounded by y 0, y 1, x 0, x y 1
x var ies from x 0 to x 1 represents Vertical path

y var ies from y 0 to y 1 x represents Vertical strip
After changing the order of integration limits of x and y
becomes x 0, x 1, y 0 and y 1 x .
1 1 y
1 1 x
i.e., f ( x , y ) dxdy
0
f ( x , y ) dydx
0
UNIT-I
PART-B
2
=
1 2
7 2
0
0
Find all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix
1 3 1
1 2 2
4. Using
2 1
Cayley Hamilton theorem find A when A= 1
4
2
1
1 1 2
1
2
5. Using Cayley Hamilton theorem find A
When A
1
6. Using Cayley Hamilton theorem find A
find A
3 0
0 2 1
0 3
2 1
1 1
6. Using Cayley Hamilton theorem find the inverse of the matrix
1
7.Find a A 1 if A
3 2
1 , Using Cayley Hamilton theorem.
2 1
1
A
0 3
8
1 7
0 8
1 3 1
8. Diagonalise the matrix A=
10
9.Reduse the matrix
1 1
2 5
2 2
5 3
5
3 1
by means of an orthogonal transformation.
3
to diagonal form.
10. Diagonalise the matrix 1 5 1
by means of an orthogonal
1 1 3
6 2 2
11. Diagonalise the matrix
3 1
by an orthogonal
1 3
2
transformation.
= Reduce the quadratic form Q 6x 3y 3z 4xy 2yz

4zx into canonical form by an orthogonal transformation.
=
Reduce the quadratic form 8x1 7x2
3x3
12x1 x2 8x2 x3 4x3 x1 to
the canonical form by an orthogonal transformation and hence show
that it is positive semi-definite.

= Reduce the quadratic form x1
5x2
x3
2x1 x2 2x2 x3
2x3 x1 to the canonical form by an orthogonal transformation

2
= Reduce the quadratic form x y z 2xy 2 yz 2zx to

canonical form by an orthogonal transformation
16. Find all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix
Cseitquestions.blogspot.in
17.Obtain the orthogonal transformation whish will transform the

Quadratic form Q 2x1 x2 2x2 x3 2x3 x1 into sum of squares.
UNIT-II
PART-B
1.
Show that
2.
The series
converges to 0
is convergent and its sum is 1.
3. Prove that the series 1-2+3-4+. Oscillates infinitely

2
n-1
4.
Prove that the geometric series 1+r+r +.+r

to
.
5.
Examine the convergence of the series +
6.
Test the convergence of the series
7.
Using the integral test, discuss the convergence of the series
8.
9.
10. For
+ converges, if 0
what values of x are the following series convergent.
and diverges
UNIT-III
PART-B
1. Show that the radius of curvature at any point (x , y) on the
asteroid x
2/ 3
2/ 3
2/3
1/3
is 3( axy)
3a 3a
,
on
2. Find the radius of curvature at
2 2
3
3
x y 3axy
3. Find the radius of curvature at the (a, 0) on the
2
3
3
curve xy a x
4.
(i) If
is the radius of curvature at any point (x ,y) on
the curve
ax
, P.T
2/ 3
ax
a
y
x
(ii)Find the radius of curvature of the curve
r a (1 cos ) at
5.
Find the equation of the centre of curvature of the

rectangular hyperbola xy =12 at the point (3,4)
6. Find the equation of the circle of curvature at

2
(c,c) on xy = c
7. Find the circle of curvature of the curve x y a
= Find the envelope of the family of
x
a
b 1, where a and b are connected by the

2
relation a b c
x y
(ii) 1, where a and b are connected by the
a b
2
relation ab c
2
2
(iii) x2 y2 1, where a and b are arbitrary constants
a b
2
2
2
given by a b c
10. Find the evolute of Parabola, Ellipse,
Hyperbola, Rectangular hyperbola, Astroid.
11. Show that the evolute of the cycloid
x a( sin ), y a(1 cos ) is another
cycloid
12. Find the evolute of Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola,
Rectangular hyperbola, Asteroid. considering it
as the envelope of its normals.
a a
,
4 4
at the point
(i) sin x sin y sin( x y) (ii) sin x sin y sin( x y)
6. Find the volume of the largest rectangular parallelepiped
8. Find the envelope of family of curves
y3
that can be inscribed in the ellipsoid. (OR)
3 1,
3
a cos
b sin
Find the volume of the largest parallelepiped and which can
being the parameter.
inscribed in the ellipsoid
x 2 y2
a
z2 1
2
b
c
7. (i).Find the dimensions of the rectangular box with out top of
UNIT IV
maximum capacity whose surface is 108 sq.cm?
PART-B
1. (i) If Z = f(x, y) and u ,v other two variables such that
(ii) A rectangular box open at top to have the volume of

32 cube feet .find it dimensions, if the total area is
u lx my , v ly mx show that
minimum.
2
z
2
z
2
(l
u
3
8. If x r cos , y r sin .Prove that the Jacobian
z
2
x y
If u sin 1
(ii)
u
, P.T. x
2 tan u
x y
x
y
x
x
2. Given the transform u = e cos y and v = e siny and that
J (x, y) r and J
(r, )
9. Find the Jacobian
( y 1 , y 2 , y3 )
1
(x,x ,x)
2
3
(r, ) 1
(x, y) r
if, y1
x2 x3
x x
, y2 1 3
x
x
1
is a function of u and v and also of x and y, prove that

2
2
2
(u v
y x1 x 2
x
y
u
v
3. Find the maxima and minima value of
(ii)
(OR)
3 2
f (x, y) x y (1 x y)
(i) f (x, y) x y 3axy
4. In a plane triangle ABC find the maximum
3
x
10. (i) Expand e cosy about 0,
value of cosAcosBcosC.
5. Find the maximum and minimum value of
zx
xy
,w
Find the Jacobian (u, v, w) , if u yz , v
(x, y, z)
x
y
z
2
series.
up to third using Taylors
x
(ii) Expand e log(x + y) in powers of x and y up to terms of third 2. Change the order of integration in the double integral
2ax
2a
degree using Taylors theorem.
dxdy
(iii) Expand e sin y about (x ,y) up to third using Taylors
2ax x
a y
series
xy
11. (i) If u cos
3. Evaluate by changing the order of integration

, P.T . x
x y
2
(ii) If u x y z
u
u
y
x
y
1
cot u
2
ay
1 2 y
xy dydx and
4. Change the order of integration in the integral
y2
evaluate it.
5. Change the order of integration and evaluate
u, v, w
12. (i) Find the Jacobian x, y, z
y dxdy
and x e , y e sin t, z e cos t , find
du
dt
aa
0x
6.
, if
a 2a x
Change the order of integration and evaluate 2

0 x
f
2
f
2
2
2
4(x y
7. Change the order of integration and evaluate 2
xy dydx
0 x
8. Evaluate by changing into polar co-ordinates the integral

2
aa
x
dxdy
2
xy dydx
1 2x
(ii) If u x y ,v 2xy. f (x, y) (u,v) show that

2
(x y ) dydx
x y z u , y z u v , z u v w
2
0y
x y
UNIT-V
PART-B
1. Evaluate e
(x
y2 )
dxdy
9. Change into polar co-ordinates and evaluate e
( x 2 y2 )
dxdy
0 0
10. Evaluate
00
11. Evaluate
for which
aa
x
2 by changing into polar co-ordinates
y
x
0y
xy dxdy over theregion over the positive

quadrant x y 1
5. Find by double integration the area enclosed by the curve

x 2 3 y 2 3 a2
6. Find the area common to y 4ax and x 4ay using

double integration
7. Find using double integration the area of the cardioid
r a(1 cos )
log 2 x x y
15. Evaluate e
0
xyz
dxdydz
16. Find by Triple integral the volume of Tetrahedron

bounded by the
planes x 0, y 0, z 0 and a b c 1
17.Find the volume of that portion of the ellipsoid
a2
which lies in the first octant
b2
c2

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UNIT-I (2marks questions)

equationis (5) (6) 0

3. Find the sum and product of the eigenvalues of the

The characteristic equatin of A is A I 0

The required characteristic equation is 3 2 0 .

4. Two eigen values of the matrix

find the third eigen value.

5. Verify the statement that the sum of the elements in the

sol .sum of theeigenvalues sumof the maindiagonal elements

(2) (1) (0)

6. The product of the eigenvalues of the matrix A

2(4 0) 0(0) 1(0 2)

11.Find the eigenvalues of A given

and get its

W.k.t the chacteristic equation of the given matrix is

(sumof theeigenvalues ) ( product of

Hencetheeigenvalues are1,2,3 theeigenvalues

of the given matrix Aare1,2,3

By the property theeigenvalues of the matrix A are1 ,2 , 3 .

10.Prove that if is an eigenvalues of a matrix A, then

are cthe eigen values of

matrix whose eigenvalues are and

Sol. (1 )[(2 )(5 ) 0] 7[0 0] 5[0 0] 0

15.show that the matrix

(1 )[(2 )(5 ) 0] 7[0 0] 5[0 0] 0

2 2 (4) (3) (2)

S1 sumof main iagonal elements

satisfies its own characteristic

The characteristic equatin of A is A I 0

express A in terms of A and I using Cayley

17.Write the matrix of the quadratic form

18.Determine the nature of the following quadratic form

By Cayley Hamilton theorem,

19. State Cayley Hamilton theorem.

20. Prove that the Q.F x 2 y 3z 2xy 2 yz 2zx .

b2 c2 1(6 1) 1(3 1) 1(1 2)

The Q.F is indefinite.

UNIT II - SEQUENCES AND SERIES

The converges or diverges of an infinite

If a series in which all the terms are positive

(ii) divergent series (iii) oscillatory series

5. Define alternating series

2. State Leibnitzs test for the convergence of an

The series a1-a2+a3-a4+. In which the terms are

6. Prove that the series

The nth term of the series is an=

3. State the comparison test for convergence of

Hence by DAlemberts test, an is convergent

4. State any two properties of an infinite series

7. When is an infinite series is said to be (i)

The nth term of the series be an=

convergent (ii) divergent (iii) oscillatory?

8. State true or false

If an is convergent, an is also convergent.

If the n term of a series does not tend to zero

The convergence or divergence of an infinite seies

10. For what values of p, the series

1) Find the curvature of x y 4 x 6 y 1 0

All are true.

By Leibnitz test, the given series is convergent. Also the

the series is said to

2) What is the formula of radius of