Finally the BRAIN!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyvoaM_

9HME

About the
size of your
hands put
together
Two
asymetrical
hemispheres

As

Cortex
(Cerebrum)

There are 4 main

parts/ lobes of the
cortex

Cerebellum

Similar structures with similar functions!!

Monkey
Human

Rat

As you might imagine,

larger animals have
larger brains. However,
this does not mean that
animals with larger
brains are smarter than
animals with smaller
brains. For example, a
larger brain is
necessary to control
larger muscles in larger
animals and a larger
brain is necessary to
process more sensory
information from the
skin in larger animals this has nothing to do
with intelligence.

Brain Weight
(grams)

Species

6,000

Elephant

1,300-1,400

Adult Human

97

Rhesus Monkey

72

Dog

30

Cat

10

Rabbit

2.2

Owl

CAT

DOG

DOLPHIN

 There

are 3 main parts of the brain:

Hindbrain, Midbrain and Forebrain

functions: homeostasis,
movement coordination,
data conduction
Includes:
pons: relay station b/w
medulla and cerebellum
cerebellum: automatic
coordination of movement and
balance, hand-eye
coordination
medulla oblongata: controls
vital body processes,
involuntary movements

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Cerebellum
Temporal Lobe

automatic coordination of movement and

balance
hand-eye coordination

 receives

and decodes visual and auditory

sensory information and sends it to the
proper place for processing

Forms

major part of
Brain stem
Substantia

nigra

Reward, addiction, movement

Parkinsons disease

 Most

sophisticated
Memory, cognitive thinking,
concentration
Includes:
olfactory lobes - detect
chemicals in air - smell
diencephalon - contains
thalamus and hypothalamus
thalamus - relay station for
info going to cerebrum
Limbic system emotion,
reward, motivation,
memories

 The

three regions of the brain

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_vT_mn
KomY

 There

are 2 hemispheres -right and left

Outer- gray matter (unmyelinated)

Inner - white matter (myelinated- because
myelin is WHITE!)

Surface

of the cerebrum

If folded out, the cerebral cortex would cover 2

square meters!
largest, most complex part of the brain
Why does it have so many fissures?

 Two

halves connected by the corpus

callosum

a thick band of nerve fibers that connects the

left and right hemispheres.
allows for communication between hemispheres
transfers motor, sensory, and cognitive
information

Function:

Communication Between Brain Hemispheres

Eye Movement
Maintaining the Balance of Arousal and Attention
Tactile Localization

Most of the brain is controlled contrallaterally

Contralateral control:
Right controls left
Left controls right

 speech,

Language, letters/numbers,
calculations
scientist, math

creative

ability, spatial perception

Artists
How

do these two hemispheres

communicate?

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvpIRN9

D4D4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kc213mMSsjY

Frontal Lobe

 motor

areas, control movement of voluntary

muscles(walking, speech)
association areas linked to intellect and
personality (some say this makes us who we
are)
Problem solving and planning
Reasoning
Judgement
Impulse control

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

 associated

with scent recognition and sound

recognition
associated with memory, fear, and emotion
language, speech production, math, faces

 Dr.

Wilder Penfield
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuPzIN0pFs
Homunculous

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/flash/hom.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxZWtc0

mYpQ

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

 Touch,

temperature, and pain sensation

Interpreting sensory information/info
processing
interpreting speech
coordinated hand movements
Spatial orientation
Cognition

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Temporal Lobe

 vision,

interpret visual info

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Cerebellum
Temporal Lobe
Brain Stem

The Spinal Cord

Bio 30

Objective

Identify the principal structures of the central

nervous system and explain their functions,
i.e., spinal cord

The Central Nervous System

Consists of:
Brain
Spinal Cord

The Spinal Cord

Carries sensory information to the brain and
motor information to muscles, organs and
glands
2 cm thick
Protected by
vertebral column

33 vertebrae

The Giraffe
Giraffe measure 6 m in
height (18ft)
Half of their height comes
from their neck

Did you know

Necks have only 7 vertebrae the

same number as humans and most
mammals!
Vertebrae about 25 cm long and are
joined with ball and socket joints to
increase flexibility
Tongues can extend 18 inches (46
cm)
Males defend territory and compete
for females with their necks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG5P5OgwPsc

The Spinal Cord

Label the diagrams in your notes

*Meninges
A

tough three layer protective membrane

Dura matter outer most
Arachnoid matter middle
Pia matter inner most

Meningitis

infection of meninges

*Cerebrospinal Fluid
Fluid inside meninges and central canal of
spinal cord
Absorbs shock and transports nutrients

Spinal

Tap (or lumbar puncture) diagnosis of

infection

Assignment

Complete Chapter Questions for section 13.3

Reminders:
Brain Observation Lab tomorrow
Chapter 13 Test Thursday, Feb. 13

Chapter

Questions due at start of class!