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Trees of Salboni
A Locator
N. Krishnaswamy
I
II
Swamys
Trees of Salboni
A Locator
2008
III
IV
Dedication
To Appa - K. Narayanan, my father- who has
made me what I am and what I will be and
Amma N. Vanaja, my mother- who is the
reason for me and always demanding the best
from me.
VI
VII
Acknowledgements
I would like to put it on record the gratefulness to the
management of Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran for posting
me in Salboni and authorities of its Salboni site who provided
accomodation to stay in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni enabling me
to appreciate this veritable land of trees.
All through, in the course of writing this book Bhutu da
alias Shatadal Acharya, Supervisor, Department of Forest,
Government of West Bengal used to tell me not only the names of
the trees but also the uses, botanical names, locations and any
other interesting information which I duly acknowledge.
Alongwith him, his colleagues R. K. Dey, Jana babu, Ratan
babu, Subrato, Syamapada Mandi, Lakhi da, Tarun Mahato,
Sapan Mahato and Shivshankar had given much of their valuable
experience and knowledge. I thank Shanmugasundaram for
telling me names of some of the trees in Tamil.
I would like to thank Tapas Das for the comment made on
the layout and graphics in the first few infosheets which was
subsequently revised to the current look. My appreciation goes to
Partha alias Partha Bhattacharya who used to comment
whenever he receives an infosheet on a tree which has greatly
enthused me.
There were inumerable number of my colleagues working in
Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran, Salboni and Mysore for
giving feedback and responses whenever they felt like. They
Swamys Trees of Salboni A Locator
VIII
IX
Contents
Page No
Foreword
XI
Foreword
XIII
Preface
XV
Trees of Salboni
References
177
Scientific Names
182
184
Index
192
XI
Foreword
Salboni, serene and silent.
On moonlit nights,
Treading along the treelined avenues
And looking into the thick tree cover beyond;
The jackals howling;
Somewhere a cobra or krait
Trudging along grudgingly,
For we have occupied their lands.
One wonders what we call these humble giants,
The trees the remnant of trees of Sal ban
The voluptuous kadambas,
The beautiful, demure bakulas,
The countless trees unknown.
God created them,
Our ancestors named them
And our own Swamy Krishnaswamy
Our resident, versatile genius
Swamys Trees of Salboni A Locator
XII
XIII
Foreword
It is always a great pleasure associating with an endeavour of
literarture, art and culture. Shri. N. Krishnaswamy has given me
an opportunity, which combines these and the environment we
live with.
Note Mudran Nagar is a small township of Bharatiya Reserve
Bank Note Mudran (P) Ltd., located at about 40km from
Kharagpur, covering about 580 acres of sprawling land in Salboni.
It has a huge manmade plantation of about a lakh trees of
different species.
Shri. N. Krishnaswamy has taken the effort of identifying the
different speices of trees and their locatons in our township. He
has also identified their botanical names alomgwith their various
features.
This I believe is an appreciable work of documening the
species of trees available in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni for the
years to come. This will be a graet motivator for the township
XIV
B. N. Chakraborty
XV
Preface
This ebook Swamys Trees of Salboni - A Locator is a
result of a longstanding inquisitiveness on the trees the author has
come across all through his walking life. Though involved or had
some kind of assosiation or relation with different plants, trees,
shrubs, creepers and bushes it never occurred to me to know more
than what mattered at that point of time. But I never missed any
opportunity to see and appreciate, admire and awe at the plants
whenever it happened to be for the sake of their size, colour,
shape and for any other special qualities.
Upon my transfer and posting in Salboni which is located at
about 40km from Kharagpur and 22km from Midnapore in West
Benagl, I had all the time of my life to see the trees again and
again and again! The small township of where I am posted has
beautiful and broad tree lined roads. I like walking and walked for
about 3 years under these trees and along the trees. Photographed
many of them. Created a good number of photo-essays on the
trees and greenery. But the quest did not give satisfaction.
Fortunately I was given the responsibility of afforestration
and got involved with the plantation officials and forestry hands.
My quest got a vent. I kept asking questions to whomever, who
can answer me. The world wide web was the last resort to
corroborate and consolidate what I had learnt. I started taking
notes and just for the heck of it I started writing a short note on
each type of tree I had seen.
Swamys Trees of Salboni A Locator
XVI
Swamys
Trees of Salboni
A Locator
N. Krishnaswamy
XVIII
1 Acacia Auriculiformis
Akashmani, Auri, Earleaf acacia, Earpod wattle, Northern black
wattle, Papuan wattle, Bengal jali or Tan wattle is a fast-growing,
crooked, gnarly and thorny tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native
to Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It grows up to
30m tall. This is raised as an ornamental plant, as a shade tree
and it is also raised on plantations for fuelwood throughout
Southeast Asia Oceana and in Sudan. Its wood is good for making
paper, furniture and tools. It contains tannin, useful in animal
hide tanning. In India, its wood and charcoal are widely used for
fuel. Gum from the tree is sold commercially, but it is said not to
be as useful as gum-arabic. The tree is used to make an analgesic
by indigenous Australians. Extracts of Acacia auriculiformis
heartwood inhibit fungi that attack wood. This is found in several
locations.
2 Acacia Holosericea
Don or soap bush wattle is a shrubby acacia and is little used in its
native Australia. Don is one of some 850 thornless species of the
genus endemic to Australia. It bears large phyllodes, 10-25cm
long and 1.5 to 10cm broad, usually covered densely with fine
hairs, giving the tree attractive silvery foliage. Small bright yellow
flowers are aggregated in prominent spikes of 3-6cm long.
Narrow, hairless pods, 3-6can long, are coiled in dense clusters
and contain shiny black seeds, each with a yellow aril at the base.
Flowering is heavy and precocious and abundant crops of mature
seeds may be formed within two years of planting. It commonly
forms a spreading shrub to 5m in height with many ascending
branches from just above ground level. Occasionally it grows as a
small tree up to 8m in height. The wood is hard and has a high
density of about 870kg/m3. The rapid early growth rate makes it a
highly productive fuelwood source. The large, dense crown of this
shrubby acacia enables it to form a screen. Like many acacias, it is
relatively short-lived, from as little as 4-5 years to not more than
10-12 years. Its potential for fuel, charcoal, animal fodder, land
rehabilitation and as an ornamental is now being realized in
Africa and the Indian subcontinent. There is a patch of don in the
northern outer boundary of Plant and a good specimen can be
seen behind the Kalakendra adjacent to C type houses.
3 Aegle Marmelos
Bael, Bel, Bil, Beli, Bela, Bilva, Bilvam, Kuvalam, Madtoum,
Bengal quince, Ahaka, Stone apple, Maredu or Wood apple is a
medium-sized deciduous, fruit-bearing tree indigenous to dry
forests on hills and plains of central and southern India, Nepal,
Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Vietnam,
Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Philippines. It grows upto 18m tall
and bears thorns and greenish white fragrant flowers. Its
branches are thorny and bark is gray in color. The leaves are
trifoliate, aromatic and full of aromatic oil. It has a woodyskinned, smooth fruit 5-15cm in diameter. Bel tree matures in
about 60 years reaching a height of about 10 m and girth 1 to
1.5m. It regenerates itself with ease in its natural habitat. The skin
of some forms of the fruit is so hard it must be cracked open with
a hammer. It has numerous seeds, which are densely covered with
fibrous hairs and are embedded in a thick, gluey, aromatic pulp.
The fruit is eaten fresh or dried. If fresh, the juice is strained and
sweetened to make a drink similar to lemonade. The fruit is also
used in religious rituals and as ayurvedic remedy. It is a very
powerful antidote for chronic constipation. In Hinduism, Lord
Shiva is said to live under the Bael tree. In the traditional culture
of Nepal, the Bael tree is part of an important fertility ritual for
girls known as the Bel baha. An orchard of Bael can be found
opposite Hospital.
6
4 Ailanthus Excelsa
Mahanim, Ailanthus, Coramandel ailanto, Tree-of-heaven, Ardu,
Arua, Horanim maruk, Mahanim, Maharuk, Mahrukh, Maruf, Pir
nim, Madala, Periamaram, Peru, Perumaran, Pimaram or Pinari
is native to India and SriLanka and is found in Sudan. This is a
large deciduous tree, 18-25m tall with straight trunk of 60-80cm
in diameter; light grey and smooth bark, aromatic and slightly
bitter. Leaves are alternate, pinnately compound, large, 30-60cm
or more in length; leaflets are 8-14 or more pairs, long stalked,
ovate or broadly lance shaped from very unequal base, 6-10cm
long, 3-5cm wide, often curved, long pointed, hairy gland; edges
are coarsely toothed. Flower clusters droop at leaf bases, shorter
than leaves, much branched; flowers are many, mostly male and
female on different trees, short stalked, greenish-yellow; calyx 5
lobed; 5 narrow petals spreading 6 mm across and slender styled.
Fruit is 1-seeded samara, lance shaped, flat, pointed at ends, 5cm
long, 1cm wide, copper red, strongly veined, twisted at the base.
The flowers appear in large open clusters at the end of the cold
season. The fruits ripen just before the onset of the monsoon. The
seeds are very light and are dispersed far and wide by the wind.
Sheep do not readily browse the plants because of the offensive
smell in young leaves. Wood makes good firewood and is easily
worked but is perishable and subject to insect attack. Of the many
trees, one can be found in the Hospital.
8
5 Albizia Lebbeck
Siris, Lebbeck, Lebbek Tree, Frywood, Koko or Woman's-tongue
tree is native to tropical southern Asia and widely cultivated and
naturalised in other tropical and subtropical regions. It is one of
the most widespread and common species of Albizia worldwide. It
grows to a height of 18-30m tall with a trunk 50cm to 1m in
diameter. The leaves are bipinnate, 7.515cm long, with one to
four pairs of pinnae, each pinna with 618 leaflets. The flowers
are white, with numerous 2.53.8cm long stamens, and very
fragrant. The fruit is a pod 15-30cm long and 2.5-5.0cm broad,
containing six to twelve seeds. Its uses include environmental
management, forage, medicine and wood. In India, the tree is
used to produce timber. Wood from Albizia lebbeck has a density
of 0.55-0.66g/cm3 or higher. Lebbeck is used as an astringent, to
treat boils, cough, to treat the eye, flu, gingivitis, lung problems
and pectoral problems, is used as a tonic, and is used to treat
abdominal tumors. This is also used as cart wheels. Albizia
lebbeck is also psychoactive. This tree is found near Officers Club
and at the Main Press entrance.
10
11
6 Alstonia Scholaris
Chatim, Ditta bark, Bitter bark, Devil tree or Pale mara is found in
India and Philippines. This tree grows to 16 - 26m high, has a
furrowed trunk, oblong stalked leaves up to 15cm long and 10cm
wide, dispersed in four to six whorls round the stem, their upper
side glossy, under side white and nerves running at right angles to
the mid-rib. The bark is almost odourless and very bitter, in
commerce it is found in irregular fragments 6 to 12mm thick,
texture spongy, fracture coarse and short, outside layer rough
uneven fissured brownish grey and sometimes blackish spots;
inside layer bright buff, transverse section shows a number of
small medullary rays in inner layer. It contains three alkaloids,
Ditamine, Echitamine or Ditaine and Echitenines. Echitamine is
the strongest base and resembles ammonia in chemical
characters. The bark is used in homoeopathy for its tonic bitter
and astringent properties; it is particularly useful for chronic
diarrhoea and dysentry. In India the natives use the bark for
bowel complaints. In SriLanka its light wood is used for coffins. In
Borneo the wood close to the root is very light and of white colour
and is used for net floats, household utensils, trenchers, corks, etc.
One can find a beautiful avenue of Chatim trees between Cauveri
Circle to Ganga Circle.
12
13
7 Anacardium Occidentale
Cashew is native to Brazil and its English name derives from the
Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in
turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acaj. It is a small
evergreen tree growing to 10-12m tall, with a short, often irregular
trunk. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic
to obovate, 4 to 22cm long and 2 to 15cm broad, with a smooth
margin. What appears to be the fruit of the cashew tree is an oval
or pear-shaped accessory fruit or false fruit that develops from the
receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, it ripens
into a yellow and/or red structure about 511cm long. It is edible,
and has a strong sweet smell and a sweet taste. The true fruit of
the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing-glove shaped drupe that
grows at the end of the pseudofruit. Actually, the drupe develops
first on the tree, and then the peduncle expands into the
pseudofruit. Within the true fruit is a single seed, the cashew nut.
Some people are allergic to cashew nuts, but cashews are a less
frequent allergen than nuts or peanuts. Seeds are ground up into
powders used for antivenom for snake bites. The nut oil is used
topically as an antifungal and for healing cracked heels. Fully
grown trees can be found in different locations and one just in
between Central Nursery and Jagannath temple.
14
15
8 Annona Squamosa
Seethaphal, Sugar-apple or Sweetsop is native to the tropical
Americas. It is a semi-evergreen shrub or small tree reaching 6
8m tall. The leaves are are alternate, simple, oblong-lanceolate,
517cm long and 25cm broad. The flowers are produced in
clusters of 3-4, each flower 1.53cm across, with three large petals
and three minute ones, yellow-green spotted purple at the base.
The fruit is usually round; slightly pine cone-like, 610 cm
diameter and weighing 100230g, with a scaly or lumpy skin.
There are variations in shape and size. The fruit flesh is sweet,
white to light yellow and resembles and tastes like custard. The
edible portion coats the seeds generously. Sugar-apple has a very
distinct, sweet-smelling fragrance. The texture of the flesh that
coats the seeds is a bit like the centre of a very ripe guava. It is
slightly grainy, a bit slippery, very sweet and very soft.
The seeds are scattered through the fruit flesh; the seed coats are
blackish-brown, 1218 mm long, hard and shiny. There are also
new varieties being developed in Taiwan. It is quite a prolific
bearer and will produce fruit in as little as two to three years. A
tree five years old may produce as many as 50 sugar-apples. It is
used by some societies in India to prepare a hair tonic. The seeds
are also ground and applied to hair to get rid of lice, however, it
must be kept away from the eyes as it is highly irritant and can
cause blindness. Seethaphal is planted by township residents in
their house gardens in good numbers.
16
17
9 Araucaria Columnaries
Christmas tree is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the
family Araucariaceae. There are 19 species in the genus. This is a
large tree with a massive erect stem, reaching a height of 30-80m.
The horizontal, spreading branches grow in whorls and are
covered with leathery or needle-like leaves. The trees are mostly
dioecious, with male and female cones found on separate trees,
though occasional individuals are monoecious or change sex with
time. The female cones, usually high on the top of the tree are
globose, and vary in size between species from 7-25cm diameter.
They contain 80-200 large, edible seeds, similar to pine nuts
though larger. The male cones are smaller, 4-10 cm long, and
narrow to broad cylindrical, 1.5-5cm broad. This tree is cultivated
because of their distinctive, formal symmetrical growth habit and
is economically important for timber production and the edible
seeds. There are a few trees in the campus and a good specimen is
seen in Kendriya Vidyalaya.
18
19
10 Artocarpus Heterophyllus
The Jackfruit is believed to be indigenous to the rain forests of the
Western Ghats of India. It spread early on to other parts of India,
Southeast Asia, the East Indies and ultimately the Philippines.
This tree is handsome and stately. The leaves are oblong, oval, or
elliptic in form, 10 to 15cm in length, leathery, glossy, and deep
green in color. Juvenile leaves are lobed. Male and female flowers
are borne in separate flower-heads. Jackfruit is the largest treeborne fruit in the world, reaching 36kg in weight and up to 90cm
long and 50cm in diameter. The exterior of the compound fruit is
green or yellow when ripe. The interior consists of large edible
bulbs of yellow, banana-flavored flesh that encloses a smooth,
oval, light-brown seed. The seed is 2 to 4cm long and 1 to 2cm
thick and is white and crisp within. There are two main varieties.
In one, the fruits have small, fibrous, soft, mushy, but very sweet
carpels with a texture somewhat akin to raw oysters. The other
variety is crisp and almost crunchy though not quite as sweet.
This tree is found in many places. One can be found in between
Shopping Complex and Kalakendra.
20
21
11 Averrhoa Carambola
Kamranga, Starfruit, Carambolera, Yang-tao or Belimbing manis
is native to Indonesia, India and Sri Lanka and is popular
throughout Southeast Asia, Trinidad, Malaysia and parts of East
Asia. This is a small evergreen tree which grows to 6-9m. Its
deciduous leaves, spirally arranged are alternate, imparipinnate,
15-20cm long, with 5 to 11 nearly opposite leaflets, ovate or ovateoblong, 3.8-9cm long; soft, medium-green and smooth on the
upper surface, finely hairy and whitish on the underside. The
leaflets are sensitive to light and more or less inclined to fold
together at night or when the tree is shaken or abruptly shocked.
Small clusters of red-stalked, lilac, purple-streaked, downy
flowers, about 6mm wide are borne on the twigs in the axils of the
leaves. The showy, oblong, longitudinally 5 to 6 angled fruits,
6.35-15cm long and upto 9cm wide, have thin, waxy, orangeyellow skin and juicy, crisp, yellow flesh when fully ripe. Slices cut
in cross-section have the form of a star. The fruit has a more or
less pronounced oxalic acid odor and the flavor ranges from very
sour to mildly sweetish. There may be up to 12 flat, thin, brown
seeds 6-12.5mm long or none at all. They can be eaten raw,
cooked, or pickled and are as juice. Individuals with kidney
trouble should avoid consuming the fruit, because of the presence
of oxalic acid. It can cause hiccups, vomiting, nausea, and mental
confusion. This tree is found in the Central Nursery.
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23
12 Azadirachta Indica
Neem, Margosa, Neeb, Nimtree, Nimba, Vepu, Vempu, Vepa,
Bevu, Veppam or Indian-lilac is a native to Indian subcontinent.
This is fast-growing, reaching 15-20m, rarely to 35-40m. It
is evergreen but under severe drought it may shed most or nearly
all of its leaves. The branches are wide spread. The fairly dense
crown is roundish or oval and may reach the diameter of 15-20m
in old, free-standing specimens. The trunk is relatively short,
straight and may reach a diameter of 1.2 m. The root system
consists of a strong taproot and well developed lateral roots. The
alternate, pinnate leaves are 20-40cm long, with 20-31 medium to
dark green leaflets about 3-8 cm long. The petioles are short. Very
young leaves are reddish to purplish in colour. The flowers are
arranged axillary. The fruit is a glabrous olive-like drupe which
varies in shape from elongate oval to nearly roundish. The fruit
skin is thin and the bitter-sweet pulp is yellowish-white and very
fibrous. The white, hard inner shell of the fruit encloses one,
rarely two or three, elongated kernels having a brown seed coat.
Around 50,000 neem trees have been planted near Mecca to
provide shelter for the pilgrims. The neem is a tree noted for its
drought resistance. In India, the tree is variously known as Divine
tree, Heal all, Nature's drugstore, Village pharmacy and
Panacea for all diseases. Products made from neem are
anthelmintic, antifungal, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral,
anti-infertility, and sedative. This tree can be found all through
the township and one is seen in front of Shopping Complex.
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25
13 Bauhinia Variegata
Kachnar, Koliar, Padrian, Gurial, Gwiar, Kurai, Kandan, Rakta
Kamhar, Segapu-manchori, Manthari, Mandari, Mountain Ebony
or Orchid Tree has a rich and stimulating perfume, which fills the
air of the surrounding area. The sight of this tree can make a
person nearly breathless. There are many species of Bauhinia. All
of them have two common points. They have a spray of colour on
one or more of their petals and also they have a united and twinkidney formation of the leaves. The tree grows to a height of
around 9-10m. The bark of the tree is dark brown in colour and
quite smooth. During the cold season, the leaves fall and at the
same time the large, sweetly scented flowers appear. The flowers
of the tree can be of various colours like magenta, light purple,
pink or white. Amongst them, the first three colours have some
reddish markings and the last colour contains a remarkable
yellow splash on one or more of the petals. The pods are as much
as 30cm in length and narrow. They also bear ten to fifteen seeds
each. After the flowering season is over, in the month of May and
June, the seeds develop. The leaves of the tree are normally 7.515cm in length and quite big in size. From the leaves of the tree,
the wrappings of Bidis can be made and the bark is used for
tanning and coloring. Both light purple and white variety of this
tree is found in front of Administration Building and quite a few
trees elsewhere.
26
27
14 Beaucarnea Recuvata
Though called Nalina or Ponytail palm, it is not a true palm. It is
often grown as a houseplant in temperate latitudes. Ponytail palm
needs full sun to light shade, with a well drained soil mix. A soil
mix consisting of 2 parts loam to 1 part peat moss to 2 parts sand
has been used successfully. To this mix, small gravel may be
added to ensure good drainage. In a container, plants are very
slow growing and very drought tolerant. Plants can be watered
every three weeks during the growing season and fertilized once
during this period. During the winter months, the plants should
be watered only enough to keep the foliage from wilting. Overwatering is the single most frequent cause of failure when growing
Beaucarnea. If the crown of the plant is broken, new growth will
appear in about a month. There are a few plants available and two
are found as indoor plants at the entrance of the Administration
building.
28
29
15 Bombax Ceiba
It is known as Silk cotton, Cotton tree Indian kapok or Semal. The
tropical tree is with straight tall trunk and its leaves are deciduous
in winter. Red flowers with 5 petals are born in the spring before
green leaves. It produces capsule which, when ripened, contain
white fibres like cotton. Its trunk bears spikes to deter attacks by
animals. Although its trunk looks good for timber, its wood is too
soft for use. The tree might be from India but widely planted in
Malay, Indonesia, south China, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
According to Chinese historical record, the king of Nam Yuet,
Chiu To, contributed a tree to the Emperor of Han dynasty in 2nd
Century BC. Its flower was a common ingredient in Chinese herb
tea. In Guangdong, the tree is known as muk min- wood cotton or
hung min- red cotton. It is also known as Ying Hung Shue- hero
tree, for its straight and tall trunk. The tree flower is the flower
emblem of Guangzhou and Kaohsiung. The Sanskrit name for this
tree is Salmali. In the Rigveda, the chariot is made of Salmali (RV
10.85.20) and other woods. Folk knowledge in Hong Kong states
that soon after the tree blooms, the weather will get hotter. This is
sparsely found in Note Mudran Nagar. One can be seen at the
corner outside the Plant Hospital at Ganga Circle and at the
corner of Central Nursery near the Main Press entrance.
30
31
16 Borassus Flabellifer
Palmyra Palm is a genus of six species of fan palms, native to
tropical regions of Africa, Asia and New Guinea. They are tall
palms, capable of growing up to 30m high. The leaves are long,
fan-shaped, 2 to 3m in length. The flowers are small, in densely
clustered spikes, followed by large, brown, roundish fruits. The
palmyra palm has long been one of the most important trees of
Cambodia and India, where it is used over 800 different ways.
The leaves are used for thatching, mats, baskets, fans, hats,
umbrellas, and as writing material. This is a symbol of Cambodia
and grows around Angkor Wat. This can live 100 years. The leaves
are then tied up as sheaves. The black timber is hard, heavy, and
durable and is highly valued for construction. A sugary sap, called
Toddy is obtained from the young inflorescence either male or
female ones. Toddy is fermented to make a beverage called arrack,
or it is concentrated to a crude sugar called jaggery. It is called
Gula Jawa -Javanese sugar in Indonesia. This tree has a high
respect in Tamil Culture. It is called karpaha or celestial tree,
because all its parts without exception could be used by humans.
This is the official tree of Tamilnadu. The riped fibrous outer layer
of the palm fruits are also boiled or roasted in fire and eaten.
When the fruit is tender the kernel inside the hard shell called
Nungu fruit in Tamil is like a jelly and very delicious as well. This
tree is found near Ganga Circle adjacent to Hospital and a few
more are found elsewhere.
32
33
17 Butea Monosperma
Kinshuk, Palash, Dhak, Kesudo or Parrot tree is native to
Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. It is an erect,
medium sized dry season-deciduous tree of 12-15m high, with a
crooked trunk and irregular branches. The shoots are clothed with
gray or brown silky pubescence. The bark is ash coloured. The
leaves 3 foliate, large and stipulate. Petiole is 10-15cm long.
Leaflets are obtuse, glabrous above, finely silky and conspicuously
reticulately veined beneath with cunnate or deltoid base. From
January to March the plant is bald. Flowers in rigid racemes of
15cm long, densely brown velvety on bare branches. Calyx is dark,
olive green to brown in colour and densely velvety outside. The
corolla is long with silky silvery hairs outside and bright orange
red. Stamens are diadelphes and anthers uniform. The seeds are
flat, reniform, curved. The bright colour of the flower is attributed
to the presence of chakones and aurones. It is a sacred tree,
referred to as a treasurer of the gods, and used in sacrifice related
rituals. From its wood, sacred utensils are made. The flowers are
offered as in place of blood in sacrifice rituals to goddess Kali. Few
trees are found near C111 and C140.
34
35
18 Callistemon Viminalis
This is also called as weeping bottlebrush. This is endemic to
Australia and New Caledonia. They are commonly referred to as
bottlebrushes because of their cylindrical, brush like flowers
resembling a traditional bottle brush. They are found in the more
temperate regions of Australia, mostly along the east coast and
south-west, and typically favour moist conditions so when planted
in gardens thrive on regular watering. Callistemons can be
propagated either by cuttings or from the rounded seeds.
Flowering is normally in spring and early summer, but conditions
may cause flowering at other times of the year. Flower heads vary
in colour with species; most are red, but some are yellow, green,
orange or white. Each flower head produces a profusion of triplecelled seed capsules around a stem which remain on the plant
with the seeds enclosed until stimulated to open when the plant
dies or fire causes the release of the seeds. They are relatively slow
growing and can grow up to 15m. Some are ground-hugging, and
grow to only 0.5m. The leaves are linear to lanceolate and are not
shed in the winter. The spiked ends can cause skin scratches when
brushed past. This is found in the periphery of the Guest House.
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37
19 Cassia Fistula
The Golden Shower, Charakonnai or Bendra lathi tree is a
flowering plant in the family Fabaceae is native to southern Asia.
It grows to 10-20m tall with fast growth. The leaves are deciduous
or semi-evergreen, 15-60cm long, pinnate with 3-8 pairs of
leaflets, each leaflet 7-21cm long and 4-9cm broad. The flowers
are produced in pendulous racemes 20-40cm long, each flower 47cm diameter with five yellow petals of equal size and shape. The
fruit is a legume is 30-60cm long and 1.5-2.5cm broad, with a
pungent odour and containing several seeds. The seeds are
poisonous. This is widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas.
It blooms in late spring; flowering is profuse, with trees being
covered with yellow flora, with almost no leaf being seen. In
Ayurvedic medicine, Golden Shower is known as aragvadha disease killer. Its fruit-pulp is used as mild laxative, against fevers,
arthritis, vatavyadhi, all kinds of rakta-pitta, as well as cardiac
conditions and stomach problems such as acid reflux. The root is
considered a very strong purgative and self-medication or any use
without medical supervision is strongly advised against in
Ayurvedic texts. The golden shower is the national flower of
Thailand; its yellow leaves symbolize Thai royalty and the state
flower of Kerala in India. The flowers are of ritual importance in
the Vishu festival of Kerala state of India and the tree was
depicted on a 20 rupees stamp. It is found in areas around
Shopping Complex.
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39
20 Casuarina Equisetifolia
Casuarina is a species of Casuarina, native to Australasia,
southeastern Asia and islands of the western Pacific Ocean from
Burma and Vietnam east to French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and
Vanuatu. It is also found in West Africa, where it is known as the
Filao tree and is planted to prevent erosion in sandy soils. It is
possibly native to Madagascar. It is an evergreen tree growing to
635m tall. The foliage consists of slender, much-branched green
to grey-green twigs 0.51mm diameter, bearing minute scaleleaves in whorls of 68. The flowers are produced in small catkinlike inflorescences; the male flowers in simple spikes 0.74cm
long, the female flowers on short peduncles. Unlike most other
species of Casuarina, which are dioecious, it is monoecious, with
male and female flowers produced on the same tree. The fruit is
an oval woody structure 1024mm long and 913mm diameter,
superficially resembling a conifer cone made up of numerous
carpels each containing a single seed with a small wing 68 mm
long. It is found on the road coming from Kalakendra adjacent to
Central Nursery and a large group is planted in 2007 at the left
side of the road from Gate 2.
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41
42
43
22 Cinnamomum Zeylanicum
Cinnamon, Dalchini, Taj, Dalseni, Kurundu, Elavarngam, Karuva,
Karuvappatta, Elavarngappatta or Tvak is a small evergreen tree
1015m tall. It is a native to Sri Lanka and cultivated in India,
Bangladesh, Java, Sumatra, the West Indies and Brazil. The leaves
are ovate-oblong in shape and 718cm long. The flowers, which
are arranged in panicles, have a greenish colour and have a
distinct odour. The fruit is a purple 1cm berry containing a single
seed. Its flavour is due to an aromatic essential oil that makes up
0.5% to 1% of its composition. This oil is prepared by roughly
pounding the bark, macerating it in seawater and then quickly
distilling the whole. The pungent taste and scent come from
cinnamic aldehyde or cinnamaldehyde and by the absorption of
oxygen. Cinnamon is harvested by growing the tree for two years
and then coppicing it. The next year, about a dozen shoots will
form from the roots. These shoots are then stripped of their bark,
which is left to dry. Only the thin inner bark is used; the outer
woody portion is removed, leaving 1 m long cinnamon strips that
curl into quills on drying; each dried quill comprises strips from
numerous shoots packed. The dried bark of cinnamon is an
important part of spicy curries due to its distinct odour. It is
impossible to eat a tablespoon of powdered cinnamon without
choking or vomiting. A cinnamon tree is found in the Central
Nursery.
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45
23 Citrus Aurantiifolia
Lemon is a shrubby tree of about 5m, with many thorns. Dwarf
varieties are popular with home growers. The trunk rarely grows
straight, with many branches that often originate quite far down
on the trunk. The leaves are ovate 2.59cm long, resembling
orange leaves. The flowers are 2.5cm in diameter, yellowish white
with a light purple tinge on the margins. Flowers and fruit appear
throughout the year but are most abundant from May to
September. This is native to Southeast Asia. Its apparent path of
introduction was through the Middle East to North Africa, thence
to Sicily and Andalusia and via Spanish explorers to the West
Indies. From the Caribbean, lime cultivation spread to tropical
and sub-tropical North America. The lemon is used for culinary
and non-culinary purposes throughout the world. The fruit is used
primarily for its juice, though the pulp and rind are also used,
primarily in cooking and baking. Lemon juice is about 5% citric
acid, which gives lemons a tart taste, and a pH of 2 to 3. This
makes lemon juice an inexpensive, readily available acid for use in
educational science experiments. This tree can be found all
through the Note Mudran Nagar. A number of specimens can be
found on the south western side of the Plant compound.
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47
24 Citrus Aurantium
Mitha nimbu, Bigarade, Bitter orange, Oranger fruit amer,
Seville orange, Sour orange or Narangi is a spiny evergreen tree
native to southern Vietnam, but widely cultivated. Both common
and official names are derived from the Sanskrit nagaranga
through the Arabic naranj. Seville orange or bigarade is a widelyknown and is now grown throughout the Mediterranean region. It
is a small tree with a smooth, greyishbrown bark and branches
that spread into a fairly regular hemisphere. The oval, alternate,
evergreen leaves, 8-10cm long, have sometimes a spine in the axil.
They are glossy, dark green on the upper side, paler beneath. The
calyx is cup-shaped and the thick, fleshy petals, five in number,
are intensely white and curl back. The fruit is earth-shaped, a little
rougher and darker than the common sweet orange. The flowers
are more strongly scented and the glands in the rind are concave
instead of convex. It is used as grafting stock for citrus trees, in
marmalade and in the liqueurs Triple sec, Grand Marnier and
Curaao. It is also cultivated for the essential oil expressed from
the fruit and for neroli oil and orange flower water, which are
distilled from the flowers. Many number of this tree is available
and one good specimen is found along the rail track in a short
distance from the Plant compound.
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49
25 Citrus Maxima
This largest citrus fruit is known as Vathapi, Pomelo, Chinese
grapefruit, Pummelo, Pommelo, Lusho fruit, Jabong, Boongon,
Shaddock, Limau bali, Balinese citrus, Suhabaungon, Bhogatae or
Citrus grandis which, is a citrus fruit, usually a pale green to
yellow when ripe, larger than a grapefruit, with sweet flesh and
thick spongy rind. The pummelo tree may be 5-15m tall, with a
somewhat crooked trunk 10-30cm thick. The leaves are alternate,
ovate, ovate-oblong or elliptic, 5-20cm long, 2-12cm wide,
leathery, dull-green, glossy above, dull and minutely hairy
beneath. The flowers are fragrant, borne singly or in clusters of 2
to 10 in the leaf axils; rachis and calyx hairy; the 4 to 5 petals,
yellowish-white and 1.5-3.5cm long. The fruit ranges from nearly
round to oblate or pear-shaped; 10-30cm wide; the peel, clinging
or more or less easily removed, may be greenish-yellow or paleyellow, minutely hairy, dotted with tiny green glands; 1.25-2cm
thick; pulp varies from greenish-yellow or pale-yellow to pink or
red; is divided into 11 to 18 segments, very juicy to fairly dry; the
segments are easily skinned and the sacs may adhere to each
other or be loosely joined; the flavor varies from mildly sweet and
bland to subacid or rather acid, sometimes with a faint touch of
bitterness. It is widely cultivated in Thailand, Taiwan, Japan,
Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Indonesia, New Guinea, Tahiti and Philippines. It is also grown
commercially in California and Israel. This tree is found in the
Central Nursery.
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51
26 Citrus Sinensis
Oranges originated in Southeast Asia. The name is thought to
ultimately derive from the Dravidian word for the orange tree,
with its final form developing after passing through numerous
intermediate languages. An orange is a small flowering tree
growing to about 10 m tall with evergreen leaves, which are
arranged alternately, of ovate shape with crenulate margins and
410cm long. The orange fruit is a hesperidium which is a type of
berry because they have many seeds, are fleshy and soft, and
derive from a single ovary. An orange seed is called a pip. The
white thread-like material, attached to the inside of the peel is
called pith. The fruit of Citrus sinensis is called sweet orange to
distinguish it from Citrus aurantium, the bitter orange. Persian
orange, Navel orange, Valencia orange and Blood orange are some
of the major varieties of orange. These are grown commercially in
groves and are produced throughout the world. The top three
orange-producing countries are Brazil, the United States, and
Mexico. Products made from oranges include: Orange juice, Sweet
orange oil, Orange blossom honey and Marmalade. One can find a
few orange trees in the Central Nursery.
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27 Cocos Nucifera
The coconut palm is a large palm, growing to 30m tall, with
pinnate leaves 4-6m long, pinnae 60-90cm long; old leaves break
away cleanly leaving the trunk smooth. This is grown throughout
the tropical world, for its many culinary and non-culinary uses;
virtually every part of the coconut palm has some human uses.
The flowers of the coconut palm are polygamomonoecious, with
both male and female flowers in the same inflorescence.
Flowering occurs continuously, with female flowers producing
seeds. Coconut palms are believed to be largely cross-pollinated,
although some dwarf varieties are self-pollinating. Botanically, a
coconut is a simple dry nut known as a fibrous drupe. The husk
or mesocarp, is composed of fibres called coir and there is an
inner stone or endocarp. The endocarp is the hardest part. This
hard endocarp, the outside of the coconut as sold in the shops of
non-tropical countries, has three germination pores that are
clearly visible on the outside surface once the husk is removed. It
is through one of these that the radicle emerges when
the embryo germinates. The coconut palm thrives on sandy soils
and is highly tolerant of salinity. Coconuts also need
high humidity of 7080% for optimum growth. Indonesia is the
world leader in coconut production followed closely by
Philippines and India. Kerala means land of coconut palms.
Coconut meat contains less sugar and more protein than popular
fruits such as bananas, apples and is relatively high in minerals.
One good specimen is found in front of CISF Barrack.
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55
28 Cycus Revoluta
Cycas or Cycad is an attractive plant native to southern Japan is
known as King sago palm or Sago palm. It is not a palm at all, but
a cycad. This very symmetrical plant supports a crown of shiny,
dark green leaves on a thick shaggy trunk that is typically about
20cm in diameter. It can grow into very old with 67m of trunk;
since this is very slow-growing it requires about 50100 years to
achieve this height. Trunks can branch multiple times, thus
producing multiple heads of leaves. The leaves are about 50
150cm long when the plants are of a reproductive age. They grow
out into a feather-like rosette to 1 m in diameter. The crowded,
stiff, narrow leaflets are 818cm long and have strongly recurved
or revolute edges. The petiole or stems are 610cm long and have
small protective barbs that must be avoided. Propagation of Cycas
revoluta is either by seed or by removal of basal offsets. As with
other cycads, it is dioecious, with the males bearing cones and the
females bearing groups of megasporophylls. It is also quite
popular as a bonsai plant. Cycad Sago Palm is extremely
poisonous to both humans and animals if ingested. Pets are at
particular risk since they seem to find the plant very palatable. All
parts of the plant are toxic; however, the seeds contain the highest
level of the toxin cycasin. Of the few plants found six are located
in front of Administration building.
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29 Dalbergia Sissoo
India rosewood, Sisu or Shisham is native to the tropical regions
of Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar and southern
Asia. Many species of Dalbergia are important timber trees,
valued for their decorative and often fragrant wood, rich in
aromatic oils. The most famous of these are the rosewoods, sonamed because of the smell. The Indian souvenir trade sells
objects made of Dalbergia sissoo, sometimes stained purple as if
they were rosewood. The wood of some species can be used for
tool-handles. This is an intensely black wood in demand for
making woodwind musical instruments. The Dalbergia species are
notorious for causing allergic reactions due the presence of
sensitizing quinones in the wood. This is found near the Jogging
track.
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30 Delonix Regia
Gulmohar, Peacock flower, Flame of the forest, Malinche, Flame
tree, Krishnachura, Royal poinciana or Flamboyant is a flowering
tree known as and noted for its fern-like leaves and flamboyant
display of flowers. It is very widely grown in the Caribbean, Hong
Kong, Taiwan and southern China. It is often grown as an
ornamental tree. The tree's vivid red or vermilion or orange or
yellow flowers and bright green foliage make it an exceptionally
striking sight. In addition to its ornamental value, it is also a
useful shade tree in tropical conditions, because it usually grows
to a modest height but spreads widely, and its dense foliage
provides full shade. In areas with a marked dry season, it sheds its
leaves during the drought, but in other areas it is virtually
evergreen. The flowers are large; with four spreading scarlet or
orange-red petals up to 8cm long and a fifth upright petal called
the standard, and spotted with yellow and white. Seed pods are
dark brown and can be up to 60cm long and 5cm wide; the
individual seeds, however, are small, weighing around 0.4g on
average. The compound leaves are doubly pinnate: Each leaf is
30-50cm long and has 20 to 40 pairs of primary leaflets or pinnae
on it, and each of these is further divided into 10-20 pairs of
secondary leaflets or pinnules. The seed pods of the Royal
Poincianas are used in the Caribbean as a percussion instrument
known as the shak-shak or maraca. It is widely seen in Township.
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31 Dillenia Indica
Chalta or Kanigala is a beautifully formed tree with fragrant
flowers, striking globose fruit and equally striking leaves. Chalta is
indigenous to India and named after Johann Jacob Dillenius a
German botanist and Professor of Botany at Oxford. The tree is
found in the sub-Himalayan tracts extending from Nepal through
most of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bangladesh and Myanmar
and in Peninsular India through Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh to Bihar and Madhya Pradesh particularly on the
banks of streams. The trunk is fluted; the bark and wood of the
trees are terracotta reddish brown and the flowers magnolia like
and up to 13cm across. The fruits are heavy and edible. The
sepals, which have a sour apple taste, are used for the preparation
of chutneys, pickles and prawn curry in Bengal. Elephants love the
fruit and ensure propagation of the plant at distances from where
the fruit was eaten. As the tree grows on the banks of streams, the
fruit is carried away by flowing water and the seeds sprout
downstream. The new leaves, serrated and ridged are a tender
luminous green. The leaves of chalta have been used by ivory
workers in Karnataka for polishing ivory. This is tree is found near
Sewage Treatment Plant.
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32 Diospyros Melanoxylon
Tendu, Coromandel Ebony or Makassar Ebony is commonly
known as ebony. Makassar is give n name to this famous species.
The natural area of distribution are some Indonesian islands and
the island Sulawesi. The tree grows up to 20m height under
favourable circumstances, although such trees are rarely seen
nowadays. As this exceptionally beautiful species of the Ebonies
has been much appreciated by woodworkers all over the world
through the past two centuries, most of it has been felled and used
in high quality furniture and it has now become a very scarce and
expensive timber. The wood is often defective, showing cracks and
in particular heart shakes and splits. It is not easy to dry and is
best given ample time for this. The small available amounts on the
market have led to very high prices. Makassar ebony nowadays
belongs to the highest priced timbers on the world; the region of
growth is quite restricted. Coromandel ebony wood is variegated,
streaky brown and black, nearly always wide striped. It is
considered a highly valuable wood for turnery, fine cabinet work
and joinery and is much sought for posts- tokobashira in
traditional Japanese houses. That is why Japan used to be the
main importer for this wood. Tendu leaves are used as beedi roles
and eating plates. It is found in the plantation behind GMs
Bungalow.
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33 Dypsis Lutescens
Areca palm, Golden cane palm, Madagascar palm or Areca
lutescens is native to Madagascar where, sadly, it is endangered
and very rare. It is a very common sight in the tropics and subtropics and is the most popular 'house plant' palm. It satisfies
both utility and aesthetics. This can grow up to 6m tall, although it
is usually smaller. Six to eight leaves on long petioles arise from
the main trunk and gracefully arch outward and downward. Each
leaf has about 80-100 leaflets which are arranged on the leaf
stem. The common name derives from the beautiful golden yellow
color of the petioles. The yellow flowers are borne in branches
about 1m long that emerge from the tops of the stems. The fruits
are about 2.5cm in diameter and are yellow to purple. This is a
very adaptable palm either indoors or out. This can be propagated
from seeds which take 2-6 months to germinate. Offshoots cut
from the base of the palm can be used to start new plants. It is
primarily is used as a shrub, hedge or screen in subtropical or
tropical landscapes. There are a number of them found in the
Township and good specimens are seen in the Guest House,
Mecon Office and Shopping Complex.
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34 Emblica Officinalis
Indian gooseberry, Amla, Amalaki, Nelli, Nellikka, Usirikai,
Nellikkaai, Aonla, Aola, Dharty, Aamvala, Aawallaa, Emblic,
Emblic myrobalan, Malacca tree, Nillika or Nellikya is one of the
most celebrated herbs. The tree is small to medium sized,
reaching 8 to 18m in height, with crooked trunk and spreading
branches. The branchlets are glabrous or finely pubescent, 1020cm long, usually deciduous; the leaves simple, subsessile and
closely set along branchlets, light green, resembling pinnate
leaves. The flowers are greenish-yellow. The fruit is nearly
spherical, light greenish yellow, quite smooth and hard on
appearance, with 6 vertical stripes or furrows. This fruit ripens in
autumn and the taste is sour, bitter and astringent, and is quite
fibrous. Fruits are reputed to contain high amounts of ascorbic
acid - vitamin C; 445mg per 100g, The fruit also contains
flavonoids, kaempferol, ellagic acid and gallic acid. In folk
medicine, dried and fresh fruits of the plant are used. All parts of
the plant are used in various Ayurvedic preparations, including
the fruit, seed, leaves, root, bark and flowers. Indian gooseberry is
the primary ingredient in an ancient herbal medicine called
Chyawanprash. This formula, which contains 43 herbal
ingredients, was first mentioned in the Charaka Samhita as a
premier medicine or rejuvenative compound. Popularly used in
inks, shampoos and hair oils, the high tannin content of Indian
gooseberry fruit serves as a mordant for fixing dyes in fabrics.
Township hosts many numbers of this tree and a few can be found
in the Hospital compound.
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35 Eucalyptus Treiticornis
Potash or Eucalyptus -well covered in Greek, is a diverse genus of
trees and a few shrubs, the members of which dominate the tree
flora of Australia. There are more than seven hundred species of
Eucalyptus, mostly native to Australia, with a very small number
found in adjacent parts of New Guinea and Indonesia and one as
far north as the Philippines islands. Many Eucalyptus trees have
been planted in various parts of the world including dry regions of
California and in Africa, Portugal, Spain, South America, and on
forestry plantations in India and China. Members of the genus can
be found in almost every region of the Australian continent,
because they have adapted to all of its climatic conditions; in fact
no other continent is so characterised by a single genus of tree as
Australia is by its eucalyptus. Many, but far from all, are known as
gum trees in reference to the habit of many species to exude
copious sap from any break in the bark. It is found in so many
locations inside and outside Township.
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36 Ficus Beghalensis
Bengal fig, Indian fig, East Indian fig, Banyan, Wad, Vat, Barh,
Bargad, Ashwath Vriksha, Kalpavriksha, or Vatavriksh is found
in Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. The banyan tree is named
after 'banyans' or 'banians'- the Hindu traders seen resting or
carrying out their business under the tree. This is a fig that starts
its life as an epiphyte when its seeds germinate in the cracks and
crevices on a host tree. The seeds of banyans are dispersed
by fruit-eating birds. The seeds germinate and send down roots
towards the ground and may envelope part of the host tree or
building structure with their roots, giving them the casual name
of strangler fig. Older banyan trees are characterized by
their aerial prop roots which grow into thick woody trunks which,
with age, can become indistinguishable from the main trunk. It
grows to a height of more than 21m and lives for many years. The
leaves are 10-20cm long broad, oval and glossy. White milky fluid
oozes out of leaves, if broken. In Hindu mythology this tree
represents eternal life. The Great Banyan in the Indian Botanic
Garden, Howrah, is considered to be one of the largest trees in the
world in terms of area covered. This is the National tree of India.
The banyan is part of the coat of arms of Indonesia to symbolise
the unity. Shellac used in French polish is produced by lac insects
which parasitise banyan trees. In Township one specimen can be
found on the road between Kalakendra and Pump House.
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37 Ficus Elastica
Rubber fig, Rubber bush, Rubber plant or Indian rubber bush is
plant native to northeast India -Assam, south to Indonesia Sumatra and Java. It is a fat bush in the banyan group of figs,
growing to 30-40m tall, with a stout trunk up to 2m diameter,
with an irregular trunk which develops aerial and buttressing
roots to anchor it in the soil and help support heavy branches. It
has broad shiny oval leaves 10-35cm long and 5-15cm broad.
Inside the new leaf, another immature leaf is waiting to develop.
As with other members of the genus Ficus, the flowers require a
particular species of fig wasp to pollinate it in a co-evolved
relationship. Because of this relationship, the rubber plant does
not produce highly colourful or fragrant flowers to attract other
pollinators. The fruit is a small yellow-green oval fig 1cm long.
This is grown around the world as an ornamental plant. When cut
the wound, which oozes with the plant's latex sap, is packed with
rooting hormone and wrapped tightly with moist sphagnum moss.
The whole structure is wrapped in plastic and left for a few
months. When it is unwrapped, new roots would have developed
from the plant's auxiliary buds. The stem is severed and the new
plant is potted on its own. It is found in front of the Canteen
building and at the CISF Barrack.
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38 Ficus Religiosa
The Sacred Fig, Pipal, Peepal, Peepul, Pippala, Pimpal, Pou,
Ashvastha,
Plaksa,
Bawdi,
Bodhi
or
Bo
tree
is
a species of banyan fig native to Sri Lanka, Nepal, India,
China and Vietnam. It is a large dry season-deciduous or semievergreen tree up to 30m tall and with a trunk diameter of upto
3m. The leaves are cordate in shape with a distinctive extended
tip; they are 10-17cm long and 8-12cm broad, with a 6-10cm
petiole. The fruit is a small fig 1-1.5cm diameter, green ripening
purple. This plant is considered sacred by the followers
of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism and hence the name 'Sacred
Fig' was given to it. Siddhartha Gautama is referred to have been
sitting underneath a Bo-tree when he was enlightened- Bodhi, or
awakened- Buddha. Thus, the Bo-tree is well-known symbol for
happiness, prosperity, longevity and good luck. In India,
Hindu sadhus still meditate below this tree, and in Theravada
Buddhist Southeast Asia, the tree's massive trunk is often the site
of Buddhist and animist shrines. There are a number of pipul
trees in Note Mudran Nagar and one can be found at the in the
Guest House corner of Cauvery Circle .
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39 Gliricidia Sepium
Gliricidia, Mother of cocoa, Quick stick, Gobbarada mara, Mata
raton, Cacao de nance or Cacahnanance is a medium-sized tree
and can grow to from 10 to 12m high. The bark is smooth and its
color can range from a whitish gray to deep red-brown. It has
composite leaves that can be 30cm long. Each leaf is composed of
leaflets that are about 2 to 7cm long and 1 to 3cm wide. The
flowers are located on the end of branches that has no leaves.
These flowers have a bright pink to lilac color that is tinged with
white. A pale yellow spot is usually at the flower's base. The tree's
fruit is a pod which is about 10 to 15cm in length. It is green when
unripe and becomes yellow-brown when it reaches maturity. The
pod produces 4 to 10 round brown seeds. The tree grows well in
acidic soils with a pH of 4.5-6.2. The tree is used in many tropical
and sub-tropical countries for various purposes such as live
fencing, fodder, coffee shade, firewood, green manure and rat
poison. This is also used for its medicinal and insect repellent
properties. This is a fast growing pioneer species that takes
advantage of the slash and burn practice in its native range. This
forms the avenue from Gate 1 to Church Square.
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40 Gmelina Arborea
Gamhar is a fast growing deciduous tree, occurring naturally
throughout West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. It is planted
extensively in Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Malaysia. This attains
moderate to large height up to 30m with girth of 1.2 to 4.5m with
a clear bole of 9-15m. The bark is light grey coloured, exfoliating
in light coloured patches when old, blaze thick, a chlorophyll layer
just under the outer bark, pale yellow white inside. Wood is soft to
moderately hard, light to moderately heavy, lustrous when fresh,
usually straight to irregular or rarely wavy grained and medium
course textured. Flowering takes place during February to April
when the tree is more or less leafless whereas fruiting starts from
May onwards upto June. Once seasoned, it is a very steady timber
and is moderately resistant to decay and termites. It is used in
constructions, furniture, carriages, sports and musical
instruments, artificial limbs, door and window panels, joinery and
furniture especially for drawers, wardrobes, cupboards, kitchen
and camp furniture, musical instruments, oars, picture and slate
frames, turnery articles and various types of brush backs, brush
handles, toys, handles of chisels, files, saws, screw drivers, sickles
etc., drawing boards, plane tables, instrument boxes,
thermometer scales, artificial limbs and bobbins. It is an approved
timber for handles of tennis rackets. In snakebite a decoction of
the root and bark is given internally. Hundreds of this Gamhar
tree is found in Township and few can be seen behind
Administration building.
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41 Grevillea Robusta
Silk or Silky-oak or Australian Silver-oak, is the largest species in
the genus Grevillea. It is not really a true Oak in that it is not a
member of the quercus genus. It is a native of eastern coastal
Australia. It is a fast growing evergreen tree, between 18-35m tall
with dark green delicately dented bipinnatifid leaves reminiscent
of a fern frond. These leaves are generally 15-30cm long with
greyish white or rusty undersides. Its flowers are golden-orange
bottlebrush-like blooms, 8-15cm long, in the spring on a 2-3cm
long stem. The seeds mature in late winter to early spring, fruiting
on dark brown leathery dehiscent follicles, about 2cm long, with
one or two flat, winged seeds. Grevillea robusta is used in musical
instrument making, as a top for the acoustic Stompbox and guitar
inlays by Ellis Guitars. Before the advent of aluminium, the
timber from this tree was widely used for external window joinery
as it is resistant to rotting. It was also popular for making
furniture. It is the best tree which can be used for the fencing. It is
one of the fastest growing trees. It needs occasional water but is
otherwise fairly drought-resistant. This tree can be seen around
the fence of the park located diagonally opposite Kendriya
Vidyalaya.
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42 Jacaranda Mimosifolia
The Blue Jacaranda, Black Poui or Fern tree more often known
simply as the Jacaranda, is a sub-tropical tree native to South
America that has been widely planted elsewhere because of its
beautiful and long-lasting blue flowers. This has been cultivated in
almost every part of the world where there is no risk of frost. It
grows well also in the Mediterranean coast of Spain, in southern
Portugal-Lisbon and southern Italy-Naples. The tree grows to a
height of 5-15m. Its bark is thin and grey-brown in colour. The
twigs are slender and slightly zigzag; they are a light reddishbrown in colour. The flowers are up to 5cm long and are grouped
in 30cm panicles. They appear in spring and early summer and
last for up to two months. They are followed by woody seed pods,
about 5cm in diameter, which contain numerous winged seeds.
These are up to 45cm long and compound, with leaflets little more
than 1cm long. Pretoria, the administrative capital of South Africa
is popularly and poetically known as Jacaranda City or
Jakarandastad in Afrikaans because of the huge number of the
trees which turn the city blue when they flower in the spring. The
name Jakarandastad is frequently used in Afrikaans songs, such
Staan Op by Kurt Darren. This tree can be seen behind the
Administrative building and on the eastern patch of land outside
the Central Nursery.
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85
43 Lagerstroemia Speciosa
Giant crape-myrtle, Queen's crape-myrtle, Jarul or Banab plant
is a species of Lagerstroemia native to tropical southern Asia. It is
a small to medium-sized tree growing to 20m tall, with smooth,
flaky bark. The leaves are deciduous, oval to elliptic, 8-15cm long
and 3-7cm broad, with an acute apex. The flowers are produced in
erect panicles 20-40cm long, each flower with six white to purple
petals 2-3.5cm long. This tropical flowering tree is one of the most
outstanding summer bloomers. It is called Queen Crape Myrtle
because it is dominating with grand size and larger, crinkled
flowers. The name Crape myrtle is given to these tree/shrubs
because of the flowers which look as if made from delicate crape
paper. This is a large tree growing up to 17m but it can be kept
smaller by trimming. It stands on an attractive, spotted bark that
often peels. This bark is commercially used and is a valuable
timber. The large leaves are also appealing as they turn red right
before they drop in the winter. It has grown in many places in
Township.
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87
44 Lawsonia Inermis
Henna, Mehndi, Marudhaani, Gorintaaku or Hina is a flowering
plant, native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa,
southern Asia, and northern Australasia in semi-arid zones and
cultivated in India, Pakistan, Morocco, Yemen, Iran, Afghanistan,
Somalia, Sudan and Libya. Henna is a tall shrub or small tree, 2
6m high. It is glabrous, multi-branched with spine tipped
branchlets. Leaves are opposite, entire, glabrous, sub-sessile,
elliptical, and broadly lanceolate (1.55.0cm x 0.52cm),
acuminate, having depressed veins on the dorsal surface. During
the onset of precipitation intervals, the plant grows rapidly;
putting out new shoots, then growth slows. The leaves gradually
yellow and fall during prolonged dry or cool intervals. Henna
flowers have four sepals and a 2mm calyx tube with 3mm spread
lobes. Petals are obvate, white or red stamens inserted in pairs on
the rim of the calyx tube. Ovary is four celled, style up to 5mm
long and erect. Fruits are small, brownish capsules, 48mm in
diameter, with 3249 seeds per fruit, and open irregularly into
four splits. Lawsone content in leaves is negatively associated with
the number of seeds in the fruits. Lawsone produces a red-orange
dye molecule, lawsone. This molecule has an affinity for bonding
with protein, and thus has been used to dye skin, hair, fingernails,
leather, silk and wool. This is found in many households in Note
Mudran Nagar, Salboni.
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89
45 Leucaena Leucocephala
Subabul, Guage, Wild tamarind, Lead tree, Lamtoro, Ipil ipil,
Jumby bean, False koa, Koa haole, Tangantangan, Tangan
tangan, Talantayan, Talntangan, Ganitnityuwan tangantan,
Tuhngantuhngan, Rohbohtin, Telentund, Lopa samoa, Fua pepe,
Lusina, Pepe, Nito, Siale mohemohe, Vaivai, Cassis, Te kaitetua or
Kay keo du is native to Mexico and is widely distributed and
naturalised throughout the tropics. This tree grows upto 18m tall,
forked when shrubby and branching strongly after coppicing, with
greyish bark and prominent lenticels. Leaves are bipinnate with
4-9 pairs of pinnae, variable in length up to 35cm, with a large
gland at the base of the petiole and leaflets 11-22 pairs/pinna, 816mm x 1-2mm, acute. Flowers are numerous, in globose heads
with a diameter of 2- cm, stamens -10 per flower and pistil 10mm
long, anthers pilose and dehiscing at dawn. Pods is 14-26cm long
and 1.5-2cm wide, pendant and turn brown at maturity. Seeds are
18-22 per pod , 6-10mm long and brown in colour. This tree is
highly valued as ruminant forage and as a fuelwood by
subsistence and semi-commercial farmers throughout parts of
Asia, Asia, Australia and Africa. This is planted in hedgerow
systems with grass for cattle production. Used as a shade tree over
coffee and cocoa. Grown in dense rows as a living fence and used
to support vine crops such as pepper and passionfruit. Mature
plants are tolerant of fire, regrowing readily from burnt
stumps. Subabul is spread and grow all through Note Mudran
Nagar as weed.
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46 Litchi Chinensis
The Lychee, also spelled Litchi or Laichi, Lichu and Hanyu Pinyin
is a tropical fruit tree native to southern China found in
Madagascar, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, southern Taiwan,
Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Southern Africa.
It is a medium sized evergreen tree, reaching 1520m tall, with
alternate pinnate leaves, each leaf 1525cm long, with 2-8 lateral
leaflets 510cm long; the terminal leaflet is absent. The newly
emerging young leaves are a bright coppery red at first, before
turning green as they expand to full size. The flowers are small,
greenish-white or yellowish-white, produced in panicles up to
30cm long. The fruit is a drupe, 34cm long and 3cm in diameter.
The outside is covered by a pink-red, roughly-textured rind that is
inedible but easily removed. The inside consists of a layer of
sweet, translucent white flesh, rich in vitamin C, with a texture
somewhat similar to that of a grape. The centre contains a single
glossy brown nut-like seed, 2cm long and 11.5cm in diameter.
The seed is not poisonous but should not be eaten. The fruit
matures from July to October, about 100 days after flowering. It
was the favourite fruit of Emperor Li Longji (Xuanzong)'s
favoured concubine Yang Yuhuan (Yang Guifei) of Tang Dynasty.
According to folklore, a lychee tree that is not producing much
fruit can be girdled, leading to more fruit production. A few
Lychee trees are found in the Central Nursery.
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47 Livistona Chinensis
Chinese fan palm or Chinese fountain palm is native Japan,
Taiwan and islands in the South China Sea and used in both
outdoor landscapes and interiorscapes - especially in shopping
malls. The large light green leaves are deeply divided into about
75 segments that droop downward to give a gracefully fountainlike aspect. These leaves may grow up to 150cm diameter and
form a dense canopy on a solitary brown trunk, bleaching to gray
on older specimens. Trunks grow to about 45cm diameter and are
wider at the base. This palm slowly grows to a height of 9m. This
can grow to 15m in its native habitat but is more commonly seen
at heights of from 3 to 8m. Flowers are borne on 2m infloresences
hidden within the crown and are followed by oval or round seeds
that turn blue to blue-gray when ripe. Fertilize twice a year in
spring and summer with a good quality slow release fertilizer that
contains micro-nutrients. Likes direct sun and bright situations.
This is propagated by seed. This is a good palm for small yards.
Readily available, this is an inexpensive and easy to grow palm.
This is found in one of the two smaller courtyards of Kendriya
Vidyalaya.
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95
48 Madhuca Longifolia
Mahua, Honey tree, Butter tree, Moha, Mohua, Madhuca,
Illuppai, Kuligam, Maduragam, Mavagam, Nattiluppai, Tittinam,
Mowa, Moa, Mowrah is an Indian tropical tree found largely in
the central and north Indian plains and forests. It is a fast growing
tree that grows to approximately 20m in height, possesses
evergreen or semi-evergreen foliage. It is adapted to arid
environments, being a prominent tree in tropical mixed deciduous
forests in India in the states of Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, Gujarat and Orissa. It is
cultivated for its oleaginous seeds, its flowers and its wood,
producing between 20 and 200kg of seeds annually per tree,
depending on maturity. This oil- solid at ambient temperature, is
used for the care of the skin, to manufacture soap or detergents
and as a vegetable butter. It can also be used as a fuel oil. The seed
cakes obtained after extraction of oil constitute very good
fertilizers. The flowers are used to produce an alcoholic drink in
India. Several parts of the tree are used for their medicinal
properties. It is considered holy by many tribal communities
because of its usefulness. The bark is used for medicinal purposes.
Tribals of Bastar in Chattisgarh and Orissa, Santhals of Santhal
Paraganas and Tribals of North Maharashtra, consider the tree
and the Mahuwa drink as part of their cultural heritage. The main
ingredients used for making Mahuwa are the Chhowa Gud molasses in granular form and dried Mahuwa flowers. There is a
mahua tree in front of the Administration Building.
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97
49 Mangifera Indica
Mango is native to India and cultivated in many tropical regions,
it has special significance in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and
Philippines. Its leaves are ritually used for floral decorations at
Hindu marriages and religious ceremonies. Trees reach 35-40m
in height, with a crown radius of 10m. The leaves are evergreen,
alternate, simple, 15-35cm long and 6-16cm broad; when the
leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark
glossy red and then dark green as they mature. The flowers are
produced in terminal panicles 10-40cm long; each flower is small
and white with five petals 5-10mm long. After the flowers finish,
the fruit takes from three to six months to ripen. The ripe fruit is
variably colored yellow, orange and red, reddest on the side facing
the sun and yellow where shaded. In the center of the fruit is a
single flat, oblong seed. An excellent overall nutritional source,
mango is rich in dietary fiber and carbohydrates. It contains
antioxidant vitamins A, C and E comprise 25%, 76% and 9%,
respectively in a 165g serving. Mango is recognized in the Muslim
world as a possible supplement for sexual potency. Though mango
trees are found in many houses in, there is a fast growing grove in
between Plant Hospital and Pump House.
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50 Manilkara Zapota
Sapota, Sapodilla, Safeda, Chikoo, Achras sapota, Rata-mi,
Npero, Dilly or Naseberry is a long-lived evergreen tree native of
Mexico and was introduced to the Philippines during Spanish
colonisation. Sapodilla grows to 30-40m tall. It is wind-resistant
and the bark is rich in white, gummy latex called chicle. The
ornamental leaves are medium green and glossy. They are
alternate, elliptic to ovate, 7-15cm long, with an entire margin.
The white flowers are inconspicuous and bell-like, with a sixlobed corolla. The fruit is a large globose berry, 4-8cm in
diameter, very much resembling a smooth-skinned potato and
containing 2-10 seeds. Inside, its flesh ranges from a pale yellow
to an earthy brown color with a grainy texture akin to that of a
well-ripened pear. The flavour is exceptionally sweet and very
tasty. The fruit's flavour has been compared to cotton candy or
caramel. The unripe fruit is hard to the touch and contains high
amounts of saponin similar to tannin which dry out the mouth.
The seeds are black and resemble beans, with a hook at one end
that can catch in the throat if swallowed. The sapodilla trees yield
fruit twice a year, though flowering may continue year round. The
fruit has a high latex content and does not ripen until picked.
Some are round and some are oval with pointed ends. This is tree
is found in the Central Nursery.
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51 Michelia Champaca
Kanakchampa, Champaka, Shamba, Sempangam, Sampige,
Shamba, Champa, Chapa, Champakamu, Rac-champo, Champak,
Shembuga or Tita-sopa is an evergreen tree, native to South Asia
and Southeast Asia. The flower is the main scent present in the
commercial joy perfume. This is a large evergreen tree with a
long straight bole of 18-21m with a close tapering crown
composed of ascending branches. The bark is light gray, smooth,
and about 2cm thick. Leaves are generally 13-25cm long, 5-9cm
wide, lanceolate, sometimes ovate, finely acuminate, glabrous and
more or less shining above, glabrescent underneath; the petiole is
1.8-3.0cm long, slightly channeled and usually pubescent; the old
leaves are yellow. It grows in moist, deep, well-drained, good
quality soil. It thrives in a damp climate. The wood is soft and
even-grained. The sapwood is white; the heartwood is light
yellowish-brown to olive-brown, somewhat lustrous and without
characteristic odor or taste. The species is used for packing cases,
crates, carriages, furniture, carving, bentwood articles, toys,
bobbins, battery separators, pencils, tea chests and plywood and
in ship and boat building. They are floated in bowls of water to
scent the room, as a fragrant decoration for bridal beds, for
garlands and hair ointments for essential oil extraction. The
yellow-flowered variety produces new leaves in March; the whiteflowered variety, later in the hot season. The large, scented, yellow
flowers grow singly, each from the base of a leaf. One beautiful
specimen can be found in the lawns of the Guest House and a few
more are available in residential quarters.
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52 Millingtonia Hortensis
Cork tree, Maramalli, Akas nim, Nim Chameli, Betati nim,
Karkku, Mini Chameli, Kat Malli or Kavudi is a tall deciduous
tree. Believed to have been introduced from Myanmar it is a fast
growing tree and widely grows in the Central India. It grows up to
25m. The leaves are pinnately compound. Flowers are corymbose,
long tubular, white and fragrant. The fruit is a capsule. It flowers
at night and shed flowers early in the morning. It has corky bark.
It has straight trunk and has few branches. It is mostly found in
the tropical forests. It can be found in the Sultanpur National Park
in India. Cork tree can grow in variety of soils. It requires full
sunlight for its growth. Stem and roots of the Cork tree have great
medicinal value. Its dried flower is a good lung tonic. It is also
used in the cough diseases. Its flowers are used in the rituals. Its
bark is used to produce yellow dye. This tree is found behind the
Guest House.
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53 Mimusops Elengil
This is also called Spanish Cherry and Bakul tree. This is native to
the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. Bakul is a large and handsome
tree well-known for its fragrant flowers which are strung into
garlands and worn by women. Many parts of the tree are used
medicinally. The reddish heartwood is hard, strong, closely
grained and durable and is used for bridge building, boats, mine
props and heavy construction. Bakul is used in the treatment and
maintenance of oral hygiene. Rinsing mouth with water solution
made with bakul helps in strengthening the teeth. It has
significance in Hindu and Buddhist religions. It is a beautiful
avenue tree and it forms a beautiful stretch between Ganga Circle
to Hospital.
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54 Morinda Pubescens
Haldi kunch, Al, Ach, Maddi, Kadukumla, Mulgal, Togari,
Thogaru, Nuna, Majavatti, Manjanatti, Morinda, Noni, Togari
wood of Madras, Manjappaavatta, Bartondi, Pindra, Achyuta,
Akshikiphala, Manchanari or Togar mughalai is a moderate sized,
deciduous tree with pale brown, deeply cracked, corky bark. This
tree grows in the deciduous and shrub forests and on wetlands.
Leaves are simple, lanceolate, elliptic, dull green, thick, in
opposite pairs and stipules bifid. Flowers and seeds are minute
and in global heads. Wood is close grained, used in turnery,
making plates and dishes. Leaves are applied externally to relieve
gout pain. Root bark is used for dyeing red and yellow and is
propagated through seeds. There is a Haldi Kunch tree in the
outer periphery of Jogging Track while entering the track from the
Pump House side.
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55 Moringa Oleifera
Moringa, Sajjana, Drumstick or Murungai is an exceptionally
nutritious vegetable tree with a variety of potential uses. The tree
itself is rather slender with drooping branches that grows to about
10m in height; however, it normally is cut back annually to one
meter
or
less,
and
allowed
to
regrow,
so
that pods and leaves remain within arms reach. Moringa is
cultivated
in
Africa,
America,
Sri
Lanka,
India,
Mexico, Malaysia and Philippines. Considered one of the worlds
most useful trees, as almost every part of the Moringa tree can be
used for food, or has some other beneficial property. In the tropics
it is used as forage for livestock. And in many countries Moringa is
used as a micronutrient powder to aid indigenous diseases.
The immature green pods, called drumsticks are probably the
most valued and widely used part of the tree. The flowers are
edible when cooked and are said to taste like mushrooms.
Murungakai as it is locally known in Tamilnadu and Kerala and is
used in Siddha medicine. In India, the plant is propagated by
planting limb cuttings 12m long, from June to August,
preferably. The plant starts bearing pods 68 months after
planting but regular bearing commenced after the second year. It
can also be propagated by seed. Moringa needs well drained soil.
India is the largest producer of moringa. A good patchof Sajjana
is found behind the CISF barracks.
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56 Murraya Koenigii
The Curry tree, Kadipatta, Kari baavu, Karivepaku, Karuveppilai,
Kari patta, Noroxingha, Bhursunga oatra, Kadhi limb, Kadhi
limdo, Karapincha or Sweet neem leafis is a tropical to subtropical tree in the family Rutaceae, which is native to India. It is a
small tree, growing 4-6m tall, with a trunk up to 40cm diameter.
The leaves are pinnate, with 11-21 leaflets, each leaflet 2-4cm long
and 1-2cm broad. The flowers are small white, and fragrant. The
small black, shiny berries are edible, but their seeds are
poisonous. Its leaves are highly aromatic and are used as an herb.
They are commonly used as seasoning in Indian and Sri Lankan
cooking, much like bay leaves and especially in curries with fish or
coconut milk. In their fresh form, they have a short shelf life. They
are also available dried, though the aroma is inferior. Murraya
koenigii is antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-hypercholesterolemic.
Many of the Township households have this tree and a good
specimen is found in Central Nursery.
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57 Neolamarckia Cadamba
Kadamb is an evergreen, tropical tree native to South and
Southeast Asia. The Kadamb tree grows up to 45m high. The
trunk has a diameter of 100-160cm, but typically less than that.
Leaves are 13-32cm long. Kadamb flowers are red to orange,
occurring in dense, globe-like heads of approximately 55cm. The
fruit of kadamba occurs in small, fleshy capsules packed closely
together to form a fleshy yellow-orange infructescence containing
approximately 8000 seeds. On maturing, the fruit splits apart,
releasing the seeds, which are then dispersed by wind or rain. The
bark is grey, smooth in young trees, rough and longitudinally
fissured in old trees. Kadamba flowers are an important raw
material in the production of attar - an Indian perfume. It sheds
large amounts of leaf and non-leaf litter which on decomposition
improves some physical and chemical properties of soil under its
canopy. Kadamba is mentioned in the Bhagavata PuranaLord Krishnas biography and in verses that praises DeviGoddess. In Northern India, it is associated with Krishna while in
the South it is known as Parvathis tree. Radha and Krishna are
supposed to have conducted their love play in the hospitable and
sweet-scented shade of the Kadamba tree. Devi is the radiant
beauty who dwells in the Kadamba forest - Kadamba-vana-vasini
or Kadamba-vana-nilaye, whose presence is sensed if the cuckoo
sings in the Kadamb forest. Kadamba tree is considered as the
sthalavruksham of Meenakshi Temple at Madurai. A beautiful
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58 Peltophorum Pterocarpum
Copperpod, Golden flamboyant, Yellow flamboyant, Yellow flame
tree, Yellow poinciana or Radhachura is native to tropical
southeastern Asia and northern Australasia, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the
Philippines- doubtfully native and Australia. It is a deciduous tree
growing to 1525m tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 1m. The
leaves are bipinnate, 30-60cm long, with 16-20 pinnae, each
pinna with 20-40 oval leaflets 8-25mm long and 4-10mm broad.
The flowers are yellow, 2.5-4cm diameter, produced in large
compound racemes up to 20cm long. The fruit is a pod 5-10cm
long and 2.5cm broad, red at first, ripening black, and containing
one to four seeds. Trees begin to flower after about four years.
Peltophorum pterocarpum is widely grown in tropical regions as
an ornamental tree, particularly in Nigeria, Pakistan and India,
Florida and Hawaii in the United States. The wood has a wide
variety of uses, and the foliage is used as a fodder crop. This tree is
found in the Township in good numbers.
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117
59 Phoenix Dactylifera
The Date palm is extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. Due to
its long history of cultivation for fruit, its exact native distribution
is unknown, but probably originated somewhere in the desert
oases of northern Africa and perhaps also southwest Asia. It is a
medium-sized tree, 1525m tall, often clumped with several
trunks from a single root system, but often growing singly as well.
The leaves are pinnate, 35m long, with spines on the petiole and
about 150 leaflets; the leaflets are 30cm long and 2 cm broad. The
full span of the crown ranges from 610m. The fruit is a drupe
known as a date. They are oval-cylindrical, 37cm long, and 2
3cm diameter, and when unripe, range from bright red to bright
yellow in colour, depending on variety. Dates contain a single seed
about 22.5cm long and 68mm thick. Three main cultivar
groups of date exist; soft (e.g. 'Barhee', 'Halawy', 'Khadrawy',
'Medjool'), semi-dry (e.g. 'Dayri', 'Deglet Noor', 'Zahidi') and dry
(e.g. 'Thoory'). The date palm is dioecious, having separate male
and female plants. Dates ripen in four stages, which are known
throughout the world by their Arabic names kimri-unripe; khalalfull-size, crunchy; rutab-ripe, soft; tamr-ripe, sun-dried. A 100g
portion of fresh dates is a premium source of vitamin C and
supplies 230kcal of energy. There are a number of date palms
found in Note Mudran Nagar and one is seen in between Hospital
and Pump House.
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119
60 Pithecellobium Dulce
Madras thorn, Jungle jalebi, Guamachili, Kamatsile, Opiuma,
Manila Tamarind or Monkeypod is a flowering plant native to
South America. It is introduced and extensively naturalised in the
Caribbean, Guam and Southeast Asia. The tree is about 5 to 8m
high. Its trunk is spiny and its leaves are bipinnate. Each pinna
has a single pair of ovate-oblong leaflets that are about 2 to 4cm
long. The flowers are greenish-white, fragrant, sessile and reach
about 12cm long though looks shorter due to coiling. The flowers
produce a pod with an edible pulp. The seeds are black. The seeds
are propagated via birds that feed on the sweet pod. The Manila
tamarind is drought-resistant and can survive in dry land from
sea level to 300m elevation. Because of these characteristics they
are usually cultivated as street trees. In folk medicine, a decoction
of its bark can cure frequent bowel movement. The leaves can be
applied as plasters for pain and venereal sores. Its fruit's pulp is
sweet and can be eaten rawly or prepared as beverage. There is a
patch of Jungle jalebi near Jagannath Temple.
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121
61 Plumeria Rubra
Champa, Temple tree, Frangipani, Araliya, Kalachuchi, Pansal
mal, Plumeria, Leelaawadee lantom or Kembang kamboja is a
deciduous tree originally from Colombia. This is also found in
Eastern Africa. Plumeria flowers are most fragrant at night in
order to lure sphinx moths to pollinate them. The flowers have no
nectar and simply dupe their pollinators. The moths inadvertently
pollinate them by transferring pollen from flower to flower in
their fruitless search for nectar. This is propagated by taking a
cutting of leafless stem tips in spring and allowing them to dry at
the base before inserting them into soil. They are associated with
temples in both Hindu and Buddhist cultures, though Hindus do
not use the flowers in their temple offerings. In modern
Polynesian culture, it can be worn by women to indicate their
relationship status -over the right ear if seeking a relationship,
and over the left if taken. This is the national flower of Nicaragua
and Laos, where it is known under the local name Sacuanjoche
and Champa respectively. In Bangladeshi culture most white
flowers and particularly chmpa or chpa are associated with
funerals and death. One good specimen is found in E9.
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123
62 olyalthia Longifolia
Devdaru or Ashoka is a lofty evergreen tree, native to India and
commonly planted due to its effectiveness in alleviating noise
pollution. It exhibits symmetrical pyramidal growth with willowy
weeping pendulous branches and long narrow lanceolate leaves
with undulate margins. The tree is known to grow over 10m in
height. Found natively in India and Sri Lanka. It is introduced in
gardens in many tropical countries around the world. Fresh leaves
are a coppery brown color and are soft and delicate to touch, as
the leaves grow older the color becomes a light green and finally a
dark green. The leaves are larval food plant of the Kite
swallowtails. In spring the tree is covered with delicate star-like
pale green flowers. The flowers are not conspicuous due to their
color. Fruit are borne in clusters of 10-20, initially green but
turning purple or black when ripe. These are loved by birds, such
as the Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus and bats including the
flying foxes. The leaves are good for ornamental decoratio. The
tree is a main attraction in gardens throughout India. The tree can
be cut into various shapes and maintained in required sizes. This
tree is found in many places in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni. One
patch is located just opposite the Plant Gate and Central Nursery.
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125
63 Pongamia Pinnata
Karanj, Indian beech tree, Honge tree, Pongam tree or Panigrahi
is thought to have originated in India and is found throughout
Asia. It is a deciduous tree that grows to about 15-25m in height
with a large canopy that spreads equally wide. The leaves are a
soft, shiny burgundy in early summer and mature to a glossy,
deep green as the season progresses. Small clusters of white,
purple, and pink flowers blossom on their branches throughout
the year, maturing into brown seed pods. The tree is drought
tolerant. The dense shade it provides slows the evaporation of
surface water and its root structures promote nitrogen fixation,
which moves nutrients from the air into the soil. The tree grows
wild on sandy and rocky soils, including limestone. It is often used
for landscaping purposes as a windbreak or for shade due to the
large canopy and showy fragrant flowers. The bark can be used to
make twine or rope and it also yields a black gum that is used to
treat wounds caused by poisonous fish. Juices from the plant, as
well as the oil, are antiseptic and resistant to pests. The seed oil is
an important asset of this tree having been used as lamp oil, in
soap making, and as a lubricant for thousands of years. This oil is
rapidly gaining popularity as an important source of fuel for diesel
engines. A few hundreds of this tree is planted in the year 2007
Sector-VI.
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64 Psidium Guajava
The Apple guava or Common guava, Goiabeira or Goiaba is an
evergreen shrub or small tree native to Brazil. It is pollinated by
insects; in culture, mainly by the common honey bee- Apis
mellifera. Called guayaba in Spanish-speaking countries, guava is
a common shade tree or shrub in door-yard gardens in the
tropics. It provides shade while the guava fruits are eaten fresh
and made into drinks, ice cream, and preserves. In the richness of
the Amazon, guava fruits often grow well beyond the size of tennis
balls on well-branched trees or shrubs reaching up to 20m high.
Cultivated varieties average about 10m in height and produce
lemon-sized fruits. The tree is easily identified by its distinctive
thin, smooth, copper-colored bark that flakes off, showing a
greenish layer beneath. Guava is rich in tannins, phenols,
triterpenes, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, carotenoids,
lectins, vitamins, fiber and fatty acids. Guava fruit is higher in
vitamin C than citrus - 80mg of vitamin C in 100g of fruit and
contains appreciable amounts of vitamin A as well. Guava, known
as the poor man's apple of the tropics, has a long history of
traditional use. It is a wonderful natural remedy for diarrhea safe enough even for young children. It is found in many locations
in Note Mudran Nagar.
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65 Pterocarpus Marsuphium
Piasal, Indian kino, Malabar kino, Benga, Bijiayasal or Venkai is
native to India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, where it occurs in parts of
the Western Ghats in the Karnataka-Kerala region. It is a medium
to large, deciduous tree and can grow up to 30m tall. Parts of this
tree have long been used for their medicinal properties in
Ayurveda. The heart wood is used as an astringent and in the
treatment of inflammation and diabetes. The adjacent village is
named Godhapiasal meaning Big piasal due to the large presence
of this tree. In Note Mudarn Nagar one can be found in front of
the Hospital.
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66 Pterocarpus Santalinus
Red sanders, Red sandalwood, Lalchandan or Rakta chandana is
native to India. It is most commonly found in south and
southwestern India, notably in the state of Karnataka in Talakona
forest and in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a
light-demanding small tree growing to 8m tall with a trunk 50
150cm diameter. It is fast-growing when young, reaching 5m tall
in three years even on degraded soils. The leaves are alternate, 3
9cm long, trifoliate with three leaflets. The flowers are produced
in short racemes. The fruit is a pod 69cm long containing one or
two seeds. The wood is valued in China particulaly during the
Ming and Quing periods, referred to in Chinese as zitan and spelt
tzu-t'an. It has been one of the most prized woods. King Solomon
was given tribute logs of Almug. This is called valgu in Sanskrit
and valgum by Queen of Sheba. It is an endangered species. Its
wood is valuable and used in carvings and toys. It is noted for its
dying and medicinal properties. Red sandal absorbs radio active
rays and has anti- diabetic properties. It is exported to Japan. This
tree is found in the Central Nursery.
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67 Punica Granatum
The name Pomegranate derives from Latin pomum apple and
granatus seeded. The pomegranate is native to the region from
Iran to the Himalayas in northern India and has been cultivated
and naturalized over the whole Mediterranean region and the
Caucasus since ancient times. This is a fruit-bearing deciduous
shrub or small tree growing to between five and eight metres tall.
The leaves are opposite or sub-opposite, glossy, narrow oblong,
entire, 37cm long and 2cm broad. The flowers are bright red,
3cm in diameter, with four to five petals. The fruit is of 512cm in
diameter with a rounded hexagonal shape, and has thick reddish
skin and around 600 seeds. The seeds and surrounding pulp,
ranging in color from white to deep red, called arils, are edible;
indeed, the fruit of the pomegranate is a berry. Pomegranate aril
juice provides about 16% of an adult's daily vitamin C requirement
per 100ml serving and is a good source of vitamin B5. Jewish
tradition says that the pomegranate is a symbol for righteousness,
because it is said to have 613 seeds which corresponds with the
613 mitzvot or commandments of the Torah. For this reason and
others, many Jews eat pomegranates on Rosh Hashanah. It is said
that Solomon designed his coronet based on the pomegranate's
crown-calyx. This tree is found in many households and Central
Nursery.
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68 Ravenala Madagascariensis
Traveller's tree or Travellers palm is a species of banana-like plant
from Madagascar. It is not a true palm. The traveler's palm gets its
name from the fact that thirsty travelers could find stores of water
in many parts of the plant including the leaf folds, flower bracts
and inside each of the hollow leaf bases each of which hold up to
one quart of water! The enormous paddle-shaped leaves are borne
on long petioles in a distinctive fan shape aligned in a single
plane. The flowers are small and inconspicuous. The leaves range
up to 3m long and from 25-51cm in width. The subterranean
trunk emerges above ground elevating the symmetrical crown to
heights ranging from 9-18 m in the adult plant. The green palm
like trunk grows up to 0.3m in diameter and displays distinctive
trunk leaf scar rings. Multitudes of small creamy white flowers
compose an inflorescence upto 30.5cm long. The plant grows to
an average height of 7 metre. A mature traveler's palm may bloom
year round and produce brown fruits that contain light blue seeds.
The traveler's palm has very deep roots in folklore and tradition.
It is said, If a traveler stands directly in front of a traveler's palm
and makes a wish in good spirit- that wish will definitely come
true. I could find a few of this tree in Township and one good
specimen is in the Central Nursery.
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69 Roystonea Regia
Royal palm is a genus of 10 species of monoecious palms, named
after Roy Stone, a U.S. Army engineer, native to tropical regions
of Florida, the Caribbean and the adjacent coasts of Central and
South America. These are single-stemmed trees, average in height
to among the world's tallest. Growing from 10-30m tall, the
trunks are white, or nearly so, often bulging either at the base or
the central portion, depending on the species. The leaves are
pinnate, 3-7m long with numerous -about 100 pinnae up to 1m
long and 2-4cm broad; the leaves also have a distinctive green
basal sheath extending 2m down the trunk. These plants have the
ability to easily release their leaves in strong winds, a supposed
adoption serving to prevent toppling during hurricanes and
quickly renew their foliage after a hurricane. Inflorescences occur
beneath the crownshaft, emerging from a narrow, horn-shaped
bract. The flowers on the branched panicles are usually white,
unisexual and contain both sexes. The fruit is an oblong or
globose drupe 1-2cm long and deep purple when ripe. They are
considered by many to be the most beautiful palm in the world.
Royal palms are very fond of water and thrive on supplemental
irrigation. They also do better in a soil with lots of humus. On the
island of Hispaniola, royal palms are favored by Palmchats for
feeding, roosting and nesting. The name Royal Palm is widely
used in Florida for the name of streets and real estate
developments. There is one royal palm found in E13.
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70 Santalum Album
Sandalwood tree, also called Sree-gandha, Chandan is native to
border areas of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala. Karnataka is
proud of this tree. The height of this evergreen tree is between 4
and 9m. They may live to one hundred years of age. The tree is
variable in habit, usually upright to sprawling and may intertwine
with other species. The plant parasitises the roots of other tree
species, with a haustorium adaptation on its own roots, but
without major detriment to its hosts. Upto 300 species can host
the tree's development- supplying macronutrients phosphorus,
nitrogen and potassium and shade -especially during early phases
of development. It may propagate itself through wood suckering
during its early development, establishing small strands. The
reddish or brown bark can be almost black and is smooth in
young trees, becoming cracked with a red reveal. The heartwood
is pale green to white as the common name indicates. The leaves
are thin, opposite and ovate to lanceolate in shape. Glabrous
surface is shiny and bright green, with a glaucous pale reverse.
Fruit is produced after three years, viable seeds after five. These
seeds are distributed by birds. This tree is wellknown for its
fragrant oil and its medicinal properties and also for handicrafts.
Surprisingly leaves, twigs or flowers do not have any smell. Earlier
all the sandal wood trees were by law belonged to the state so
common people did not grow them. Only recently the law has
been changed. Two sandalwood trees are seen at the entrance of
the Administration building.
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71 Schleichera Oleosa
Kusum, Pongro, Gum-lac tree, Pongro, Kasambi, Phen, Kusambi
or Takhro is a deciduous tree. It occurs naturally from the
foothills of the Himalayas and the western Deccan to Sri Lanka
and Indo-China. It grows upto 40m tall with smooth grey bark;
branches are terete, striate with sparse, sessile glands and black.
Leaves are parinnate, 3-jugate, the topmost leaflet sometimes
situated like a terminal leaflet; axial parts usually early
glabrescent; petiole terete to somewhat flattened or slightly
grooved above and 2-6cm long. Flowers are functionally
unisexual, pale yellow or pale green; pedicel up to 5mm long;
sepals 4-5, connate at base, lobes ovate to deltoid, about 1.5mm
long, obtuse to acute, with thin hairs on both sides. Fruit is a
broadly ovoid, ellipsoid to subglobular berry, 1-2 seeded, 1.52.5cm long and 1-2cm thick with narrow base, apex pointed,
yellow, hard-crustaceous, smooth or slightly spiny. Seed
subglobular, about 12mm x 10mm x 8mm, hilum orbicular, testa
brown, smooth, glabrous; arillode completely covering the seed,
thin papery and yellow. Leaves, twigs and seed-cake are used to
feed cattle. In India, it is used as host for the lac insect. The
product is called kusum lac and is the best in quality and in yield.
It is much planted as a wayside tree. A specimen is found on the
road just in front of the Administration building.
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72 Shorea Robusta
Sal is a species of tree native to southern Asia, ranging south of
the Himalaya, from Myanmar in the east to India, Bangladesh,
and Nepal. In India it extends from Assam, Bengal and Jharkhand
west to the Shivalik Hills in Haryana, east of the Yamuna. It is
often the dominant tree in the forests where it occurs. Sal is
moderate to slow growing, and can attain heights of 30 to 35m
and a trunk diameter of up to 2-2.5m. The leaves are 10-25cm
long and 5-15cm broad. In wetter areas, it is evergreen; in drier
areas, it is dry-season deciduous, shedding most of the leaves in
between February to April, leafing out again in April and May. Sal
is one of the most important sources of hardwood timber in India,
with hard, coarse-grained wood that is light in colour when
freshly cut, and becoming dark brown with exposure. The wood is
resinous and durable, and is sought after for construction,
although not well suited to planing and polishing. Sal resin is
burned as incense in Hindu ceremonies and seeds and fruit are a
source of lamp oil and vegetable fat. Buddhists and Hindus in
India and neighbouring countries worship sal. The name of the
town Salbani where Note Mudran Nagar situated is said to have
derived from Forest of Sal. Bani in Bengali means forest. The
famous Lumbini tract where Lord Buddha had sat for meditation
and acquired salvation constituted a thick forest of Sal. One can
find a beautiful forest of sal behind the Guest House and GMs
Bungalow.
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73 Spathodea Campannulata
African tulip tree, Fire tree, Flame of the forest or Fountain tree is
famous throughout the tropical world and is native to West Kenya
and Uganda. The major attraction is the large softball-sized bellshaped orange-red flowers with a yellow border on the petals
which are huge and spectacular. The magnificent African tulip
tree flowers are seen in late winter. The blooms are softball sized,
ultra showy and face looking up to the sky. After blooming, large
pods are grown which later release winged seeds. In its
homelands, African tulip tree is a massive tree growing upto 20m
and is related to Jacaranda and Tabebuia. This grows as wide as it
grows tall producing an immense shade canopy. This is an
evergreen with large leathery olive-green leaves. This tree forms
the circle around the Ganga Circle.
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74 Swietenia Mahagoni
The word Mahagony has its origin to Hindi or Sanskrit which is
made of two basic words Maha and Gony, which means greatmaha and qualities- gony. Mahogany, West Indian mahogany,
Spanish mahogany, Madeira redwood, Acajou, Caoba, Caoba de
Santo, Ceria mahogany, Cuban mahogany, American mahogany,
True mahogany, small leaf mahogany and Dominican mahogany
are some of the other names of Indian Mahogany. This grows up
to the height of 10-14m It is fast upright growing tree with
rounded symmetrical crown. The leaves are pinnate, 1225cm
long, with four to eight leaflets, each leaflet 5-6cm long and 2-3cm
broad; there is no terminal leaflet. The flowers are small,
produced in panicles. Both the male and the female flowers are
produced on the same plant. The fruit is a woody capsule 5-10cm
long and 3-6cm broad, containing numerous winged seeds
splitting into 5 parts relwasing flat, long winged, light brown
seeds. The bark is smooth dark brown in colour. The bark extracts
are used as an astringent for wounds. It is used to cure malaria,
anemia diarrhea, fever, dysentery and depurative. The leaves
contain several limonoids; seven phragmalin limonoids of
swietephragmins. Its wood which is dark brown in colour is used
in making furniture, fixtures, musical instruments, inlay, boat,
caskets and many more. Its wood is a very popular material for
drum making. This tree is found in Township in large numbers
and a beautiful row can be seen behind the Transit Hostel.
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75 Syzygium Cumini
Jambul, Jamun or Jamblang is an evergreen tropical tree in the
flowering plant family Myrtaceae, native to India, Pakistan and
Indonesia. It is grown in Philippines, Myanmar, and Afghanistan.
The tree was introduced in USA in 1911 and is commonly planted
in Suriname. In Brazil, where it was introduced from India during
Portuguese colonization, it has dispersed spontaneously in the
wild. A fairly fast growing species, it can reach heights of upto
30m and can live more than 100 years. Its dense foliage provides
shade and is grown just for its ornamental value. The wood is
strong and is water resistant. So it is used in railway sleepers and
to install motors in wells. Jamun trees start flowering from March
to April. The flowers of Jamun are fragrant and small, about 5mm
in diameter. The fruits develop by May or June and resemble
large berries. The fruit is oblong, ovoid, starts green and turns
pink to shining crimson black as it matures. A variant of the tree
produces white coloured fruit. The fruit has a combination of
sweet, mildly sour and astringent flavour and tends to colour the
tongue purple. The seed is also used in various alternative healing
systems like Ayurveda, Unani and Chinese medicines. The leaves
and bark are used for controlling blood pressure and gingivitis.
Wine and vinegar are also made from the fruit. It has a high
source in vitamin A and vitamin C. There are a number of trees in
Township and one can be found in between Herbal Garden and
Kalakendra.
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76 Syzygium Samarangense
Jamrul, Java apple, Wax apple, Wax jambu, Water apple, Amrul,
Chom pu kio, Makopa, Semarang is a tree 5-15m tall, has a short
trunk 25-30cm thick and open, widespreading crown and pinkishgrey, flaking bark. The opposite leaves are elliptic and rounded at
the base; yellowish to dark bluish-green 10-25cm long and 5-12cm
wide; very aromatic when crushed. Flowers, borne in drooping
panicles of 3 to 30 at the branch tips or in smaller clusters in the
axils of fallen leaves, are fragrant, yellowish-white 2-4cm broad,
4-petalled. The waxy fruit, usually light-red, sometimes light
green is pear-shaped, narrow at the base, very broad, flattened,
indented and adorned with the 4 fleshy calyx lobes at the apex;
3.5-5cm long, 4-5cm wide. The skin is very thin, the flesh white,
spongy, dry to juicy, sub-acid and very bland in flavour. There
may be 1 or 2 seeds or more likely none. The greenish fruits are
eaten raw with salt or may be cooked as a sauce. They are also
stewed with true apples. The red fruits are juicier and flavourful
and suitable for eating out-of-hand. The flowers are astringent
and used in Taiwan to treat fever and halt diarrhea. Java apple
will grow best in rich fertile soil. The trees grow spontaneously
from seed. Preferred types are reproduced by layering, budding
onto their own rootstocks. Sometimes the java apple is grafted
onto the cultivated Rose Apple. A few trees are found in the
Central Nursery.
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77 Tabebuia Aurea
Caribbean trumpet tree, Ip, Poui, Trumpet tree, Pau d'arco or
Gowrichura is a neotropical genus of about 100 species in the
tribe Tecomeae of the family Bignoniaceae. The species range
from northern Mexico and the Antilles south to northern
Argentina, including the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola and
Cuba. They are large shrubs and trees growing to 5 to 50m tall
depending on the species; many species are dry-season deciduous
but some are evergreen. The leaves are opposite pairs, complex or
palmately compound with 3-7 leaflets. The flowers are 3 to 11cm
wide and are produced in dense clusters. They present a cupular
calyx campanulate to tubular, truncate, bilabiate or 5-lobed.
Corolla colours vary between species ranging from white, light
pink, yellow, lavender, magenta or red. The outside texture of the
flower tube is either glabrous or pubescent. The fruit is a
dehiscent pod, 10 to 50cm long, containing numerous- in some
species winged- seeds. These pods often remain on the tree
through dry season until the beginning of the rainy season.
Species in this genus are important as timber trees. The wood is
used for furniture, decking, and other outdoor uses. It has a fire
rating of A1- the highest possible, the same as concrete and is
denser than water- it sinks. They are useful as honey plants for
bees and are popular with certain hummingbirds. It is found
widely distributed in Township.
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78 Tamarindus Indica
Tamarind, Ambli, Imli or Chinch etc is native to tropical Africa;
the tree grows wild throughout the Sudan and was long ago
introduced into in India. Arabs called it Tamar hindi- Indian
date. This is a slow-growing, long-living, massive tree, reaches
under favorable conditions, a height of 24-30m and may attain a
spread of 12m and a trunk circumference of 7.5m. It is highly
wind-resistant, with strong, supple branches, gracefully drooping
at the ends, and has dark-gray, rough, fissured bark. The mass of
bright-green, fine, feathery foliage is composed of pinnate leaves,
7.5-15cm in length, each having 10 to 20 pairs of oblong leaflets
1.25-2.5cm long and 5-6mm wide, which fold at night.
Inconspicuous, 2.5cm wide flowers, borne in small racemes, are 5petalled yellow with orange or red streaks. The fruits, flattish,
beanlike, irregularly curved and bulged pods, are borne in great
abundance along the new branches and usually vary from 5 to
18cm long and from 2-3.2cm in diameter. As they mature, the
pods fill out somewhat and the juicy, acidulous pulp turns brown
or reddish-brown. Thereafter, the skin becomes a brittle, easilycracked shell and the pulp dehydrates naturally to a sticky paste.
The pulp is an important ingredient in chutneys, curries and
sauces, including some brands of Worcestershire and barbecue
sauce. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there
is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath
one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves
have on fabrics in damp weather. One specimen can be found
opposite the Shopping Complex.
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79 Tecoma Stans
This perennial tree is known as Yellow trumpet bush, Yellow bells,
Yellow elder and Ginger thomas. It is native to South America and
United States. Yellow trumpet tree is an attractive plant which is
cultivated as an ornamental. It has sharply-toothed, lance-shaped
green leaves and bears large, showy, bright golden yellow
trumpet-shaped flowers. It is drought-tolerant and grows well in
warm climates. The flowers attract bees, butterflies, and
hummingbirds. The plant produces pods containing yellow seeds
with papery wings. The plant is desirable fodder when it grows in
fields grazed by livestock. The leaves and roots of the plant
contain bioactive compounds, especially monoterpenes, which
may have medicinal uses. It readily colonizes disturbed, rocky,
sandy, and cleared land and occasionally becomes an invasive
weed. It is the national flower of The Bahamas. This is the official
flower of the United States Virgin Islands. A number of this tree is
found in Township and some good specimens are located in the
park adjacent to Ganga Circle.
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80 Tectona Grandis
Teak is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the family
Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia and is
commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation.
They are large trees, growing to 30-40m tall, deciduous in the dry
season. There are three species of Tectona namely Common Teak,
Dahat Teak and Philippine Teak. The timber is used in the
manufacture of outdoor furniture, boat decks, and other articles
where weather resistance is desired. It is also used for indoor
flooring and as a veneer for indoor furnishings. Teak is easily
worked and has natural oils that make it suitable for use in
exposed locations, where it is durable even when not treated with
oil or varnish. Teak cut from old trees grown slowly in natural
forests is more durable and harder; teak from young trees grown
in plantations is more prone to splitting and water damage,
however kiln drying allows for sustainable, plantation-grown teak
to perform nearly on par with old-growth teak. Teak is used
extensively in India to make doors and window frames, furniture
and columns and beams in old type houses. It is very resistant to
termite attacks. Mature teak fetches a very good price. It is grown
extensively by forest departments of different states in forest
areas. Hundreds of teak trees are found in Township and there is
a patch of teak located in front of Transit Hostel.
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81 Terminalia Arjuna
Known as Arjuna, Axjun Argun, Bahera, Bahira, Bala harade,
Balera, Behada, Beleric myrobalan, Bihara, Chebulic myrobalan,
Hara, Harada, Haritaki, He zi, Hirala, Indian almond and
Myrobalan, this is a medicinal plant of the genus Terminalia,
widely praised and used by Ayurvedic physicians for its curative
properties in organic and functional heart problems like angina,
hypertension, deposits in arteries etc. According to Ayurvedic
texts it is also very useful in the treatment of any sort of pain due a
fall, ecchymosis of all types, spermatorrhoea and sexually
transmitted diseases like gonorrhoea. Bark of Arjuna is thought to
be beneficial for the heart. The cardioprotective effects of
terminalia are thought to be caused by the antioxidant nature of
several of the constituent flavonoids and oligomeric
proanthocyanidins, while positive inotropic effects may be caused
by the saponin glycosides. A patch of Arjun can be found in the
behind the Kalakendra.
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82 Terminalia ellirica
Baheda is a large deciduous tree. Its natural habitat starts from
Burma in the east and passing over India upto Afghanistan.
Baheda attains a height up to 30m and a girth of 3-4m in about 75
years. The abvoid oblong-shaped fruit is of 2-3cm diameter. It is
brownish in color having short dense hair cover. Its bark has
uneven longitudinal furrows and is bluish to ash gray in color. Its
leaves are alternate, crowded towards the end of branches, obvate
elliptic in shape 10-20cm long and 3-6cm wide- slightly pale on
the lower side. Its flowers are about 5mm in diameter of pale
white to green in color. This tree, called Vibhitaki in Sanskrit,
meaning fearless, was avoided by the Hindus of Northern India,
who would not sit in its shade as it is supposed to be inhabited by
demons. Baheda fruit is favourite with monkeys and the kernel is
enjoyed by village children. The oil extracted from the kernel is
used for its soothing effect on the hair. Baheda fruit is used in
Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine for stomach disorders.
It has a big spreading umbrella like crown. Its wood is light gray
to yellowish, cross grained and hard, though not very durable. It
can be used for construction of cheap buildings, especially for
doors, windows and roof members. It is also used for agricultural
implements, packing cases, firewood and for making charcoal.
One Baheda tree is found in Sector VI and many more are found
along the road from Gate 1.
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83 Thevetia Peruviana
Yellow oleander is a plant native to Peru. It is an evergreen
tropical shrub that bears yellow, trumpet like flowers and its fruit
is deep red to black in color encasing a large seed that bears some
resemblance to a Chinese lucky nut. It is known as Yellow
oleander, Bastard oleander, Be-still tree or Peeli kaner. This
normally grows to 2-3m and can be to 7m tall. Its seed casing is
extremely hard. It contains a milky sap that is used as a heart
stimulant but in its natural form is extremely poisonous, as are all
parts of the plants, especially the seeds. Its leaves are long, lance
shaped and green in colour. Leaves are covered in waxy coating to
reduce water loss which typical of oleanders. Its stem is green
turning silver or gray as it ages. It will tolerate most kinds of soil
as long as they are well drained and is situated in full sun in a
sheltered area. Propagated by seed in spring. Can also propagate
from cuttings in spring-early summer with hardwood cuttings. It
is found in a park patch near Ganga Circle.
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84 Zamia Furfuracea
Cardboard plant or Cardboard sago is a Cycad which is native to
Coastal savannah of eastern Mexico. Zamia develops under
ground to short stems to form a clump later. It has arching leaves
bearing still almost oval leathery blue-green leaflets to 400mm
with leaves up to 1m long. In indoors this grows to 1m and is
hardy in good natural light. This tree can grow right down to the
water. This is a very tough and probably the most popular cycad,
after Cycas revoluta. Zamia is found in the Central Nursery.
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85 Ziziphus Mauritiana
Ber, Boroi, Indian jujube, Chinee apple or Cottony jujube is a
tropical fruit tree species and is native to India though it is also
cultivated and naturalized elsewhere in the dry tropics, notably in
Africa. It is a serious environmental weed in Northern Australia.
The tree grows very fast even in dry regions, reaching heights of 612m with a lifespan of 25 years or more. The leaves are broadly
ovate, 4-8cm long, with a rounded apex. The fruit is a soft, juicy,
drupe that is 2.5cm diameter and sweet in taste. The fruit ripen at
different times even on a single tree and look golden yellow when
fully ripe. The size and shape is variable, with selected cultivars
having larger fruit. The fruit is eaten raw or pickled or used in
beverages. It is quite nutritious and rich in vitamin c. The fattyacid methyl ester of Ber seed oil meets all of the major biodiesel
requirement standards. One good specimen is located in front of
Machine Repair Shop.
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86 Akaat
Any tree which has no valuable use or used only as firewood is
called Akaat in Bengali. There are about three varieties of Akaat
trees found inside the Township. Akaat has got symmetrical
leaves which are pale green in colour. Akaats grow fast and
provide a good canopy for shade and shelter. They attain a height
of about 10-12m. One good specimen can be seen in the island
near the Shopping Complex and the Bank.
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87 Atang
Atang or Atanga as this is called in West Bengal is a tropical
firewood tree. It grows to a height of about 25m having long
drooping branches and 15cm long pointed leaves. Leaves are
bright green in colour. The tree has light coloured bark. Its
flowers are 10mm diameter and blossom in pink colour. It is used
as firewood. It is seen in many locations in the Township and
some good specimens are found near the Gate 1.
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88 Suvam Challa
Challa or Suvam challa as this is called in West Bengal is a tropical
tree used as firewood and sometimes used for making cheap
furniture. It has very thick leaves which are dark green on front
side and light green on back. It has drooping branches which are
formed asymmetrically. This is infested by insects called suvam
most of the time. Also this is the place for caterpillars to feed until
they become butterflies. It is found in many locations of the
Township and one specimen is located in front of Shopping
Complex.
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References
Neginhal S.G., (2006) Golden Trees, Green Spaces and Urban Forestry, Neginhal S.G.,
Bangalore
Pradip Kishen, (2006) Trees of Delhi A Field Guide Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Limited, New Delhi.
Addresses of the web sites are given as it was when the author referred them.
http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Thevetia_peruviana.html
http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/o/oraswe12.html
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Araucaria_columnaris
http://emblica-officinalis.101herbs.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_auriculiformis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_holosericea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albizia_lebbeck
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstonia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocephalus_cadamba
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araucaria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bael
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhinia_variegata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaucarnea_recurvata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombax_ceiba
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borassus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butea_frondosa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carambola
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashew
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casuarina_equisetifolia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_zeylanicum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_aurantium
177
181
Scientific Names
Acacia Auriculiformis
Acacia Holosericea
Aegle Marmelos
Ailanthus Excelsa
Albizia Lebbeck
Alstonia Scholaris
Anacardium Occidentale
Annona Squamosa
Araucaria Columnaries
Artocarpus Heterophyllus
Averrhoa Carambola
Azadirachta Indica
Bauhinia Variegata
Beaucarnea Recuvata
Bombax Ceiba
Borassus Flabellifer
Butea Monosperma
Callistemon Viminalis
Cassia Fistula
Casuarina Equisetifolia
Cinnamomum Tamala Nees & Eberm
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum
Citrus Aurantiifolia
Citrus Aurantium
Citrus Maxima
Citrus Sinensis
Cocos Nucifera
Cycus Revoluta
Dalbergia Sissoo
Delonix Regia
Dillenia Indica
Diospyros Melanoxylon
Dypsis Lutescens
Emblica Officinalis
Eucalyptus Treiticornis
Ficus Beghalensis
Ficus Elastica
Ficus Religiosa
Gliricidia Sepium
Gmelina Arborea
Grevillea Robusta
Jacaranda Mimosifolia
Lagerstroemia Speciosa
Lawsonia Inermis
Leucaena Leucocephala
Litchi Chinensis
Livistona Chinensis
Madhuca Longifolia
Mangifera Indica
Manilkara Zapota
Michelia Champaca
Millingtonia Hortensis
Mimusops Elengi
Moringa Oleifera
Murraya Koenigii
Neolamarckia Cadamba
Peltophorum Pterocarpum
Phoenix Dactylifera
182
183
Acacia
auriculiformis
Acacia
holosericea
Aegle marmelos
5
6
7
Several
locations
Between
Kalakendra and
Shopping
Complex
Between
Hospital and
Pump House
Hospital
Officers Club
Cauvery Circle
Around Central
Nursery
Households
184
Araucaria
columnaries
Artocarpus
heterophyllus
Averrhoa
carambola
Azadirachta
indica
13
Bauhinia
variegata
14
Beaucarnea
recuvata
Bombax ceiba
15
16
17
18
19
20
185
Borassus
flabellifer
Butea
monosperma
Callistemon
viminalis
Cassia fistula
Casuarina
equisetifolia
Kendriya
Vidyalaya
Near Shopping
Complex
Central
Nursery
Several
locations
In front of
Administration
building
Administration
building
Around Central
Nursery
Hospital
In front of
Administration
building
Around Guest
House
Around
Jagannatha
temple
Several
locations
22
23
Cinnamomum
tamala nees &
eberm
Cinnamomum
zeylanicum
24
Citrus
aurantiifolia
Citrus aurantium
25
Citrus maxima
26
27
28
Citrus sinensis
Cocos nucifera
Cycus revoluta
29
30
Dalbergia sissoo
Delonix regia
31
Dillenia indica
32
Diospyros
melanoxylon
Dypsis lutescens
33
E1, GMs
Bungalow
Central
Nursery
Several
locations
Central
Nursery
Guest House
CISF Barracks
Administration
building
Officers Club
Ganga Circle
Near STP
Behind GMs
Bungalow
Kendriya
Vidyalaya
186
Emblica
officinalis
35
36
Eucalyptus
treiticornis
Ficus beghalensis
37
Ficus elastica
38
Ficus religiosa
39
Gliricidia sepium
40
Gmelina arborea
41
Grevillea robusta
42
Jacaranda
mimosifolia
43
Lagerstroemia
speciosa
44
187
Hospital
Several
locations
Opposite Pump
House
CISF Barracks
Cauvery Circle
Along Gate 1
road
Behind
Administration
building
Around all
Childrens
parks
Behind
Administration
building
Between
Transit Hostel
and Kalakendra
Households
45
Leucaena
leucocephala
46
Litchi chinensis
47
Livistona
chinensis
48
Madhuca
longifolia
49
Mangifera indica
50
Manilkara zapota
51
Michelia
champaca
52
Millingtonia
hortensis
Several
locations
Central
Nursery
Mecon office,
Kendriya
Vidyalaya
Damodhar
Circle
Adjacent to
Hospital
Housholds,
Central
Nursery
Guest House
Guest House
188
53
Mimusops elengi
54
Morinda
pubescens
55
Moringa oleifera
56
Murraya koenigii
57
Neolamarckia
cadamba
58
Peltophorum
pterocarpum
59
Phoenix
dactylifera
60
Pithecellobium
dulce
189
Between Gnga
Circle and
Pump House
Behind Pump
Hosue at
Jogging track
Households
Households
Between
Kendriya
Vidyalaya and
Godavari Circle
Between
Cauvery Circle
and Ganga
Circle
Periphery road
Between
Central
Nursery and
Jagannath
61
Plumeria rubra
62
Polyalthia
longifolia
Pongamia
pinnata
Psidium guajava
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Pterocarpus
marsuphium
Pterocarpus
santalinus
Punica granatum
Ravenala
madagascariensis
Roystonea regia
Santalum album
71
Schleichera
oleosa
72
Shorea robusta
73
Spathodea
campannulata
Swietenia
74
temple
E9
75
Syzygium cumini
76
Syzygium
samarangense
Tabebuia aurea
77
78
Tamarindus
indica
79
Tecoma stans
80
Tectona grandis
81
Terminalia
arjuna
82
Terminalia
bellirica
83
Thevetia
peruviana
191
Bungalow to
Kendriya
Vidyalaya
Behind
Administration
building
Central
Nursery
Ganga Circle
Opposite
Shopping
Complex
Sector II
Several
locations
Behind
Kalakendra
South western
corner of Plant
compound
Sector II
Zamia furfuracea
85
Ziziphus
mauritiana
86
Akaat
87
88
Atang
Suvam Challa, Challa
Central
Nursery
Several
locations,
opposite
Machine Repair
Shop
Between Bank
and Shopping
Complex
Near Gate 1
Opposite
Shopping
Complex
192
INDEX
Aam
Aamvala
Aawallaa
Acacia auriculiformis
Acacia holosericea
Acajaiba
Acajou
Acajou
Acaju
Acajuiba
Ach
Achras sapota
Achyuta
Aegle marmelos bael
African tulip tree
Ailanthus
Ailanthus excelsa
Akaat
Akas nim
Akashmani
Akshikiphala
Al
Alamaram
Alasippu
Albizia lebbeck
193
69
69
3
5
149
15
109
101
109
7
147
9
9
173
105
3
109
109
11
189
187
187
185
185
185
185
191
185
185
189
189
189
185
191
185
185
192
189
185
189
189
188
187
185
Alcayoiba
Alstonia scholaris
Amalaki
Amaltas
Amba
Ambli
American mahogany
Amla
Amrul
Anacarde
Anacardier
Anacardium occidentale
Anacardo
Andi parippu
Annona squamosa
Aola
Aonla
Apfelsine
Apple guava
Aragvadha
Araliya
Aranju
Arasu
Arasu areial
Araucaria columnaries
13
69
157
149
69
153
15
17
69
69
129
123
19
185
185
187
186
189
191
191
187
191
185
185
185
185
185
185
187
187
187
190
186
190
187
188
188
185
9
67
67
163
163
21
9
125
77
73
175
3
83
23
163
25
165
163
163
107
163
163
51
87
73
185
187
187
192
192
186
185
190
188
188
188
192
185
188
186
192
186
186
192
192
192
189
192
192
187
188
188
188
Bargad
Barh
Barhee
Bari hannu
Bartondi
Bastard oleander
Bauhinia variegata
Bawdi
Beaucarnea recuvata
Beedi ilai
Behada
Behada
Bel
Bela
Beleric myrobalan
Beli
Belimbing manis
Bendra lathi
Benga
Bengal fig
Bengal jali
Bengal quince
Ber
Be-still tree
Betati nim
Bevu
Bhogatae
Bhursunga patra
73 188
73 188
119 190
192
109 189
192
27 186
188
29 186
187
163 192
192
7
185
7
185
163 192
7
185
23 186
39 186
131 190
73 188
3
185
7
185
171 192
192
105 189
25 186
51 187
113 190
194
195
49
163
131
7
7
7
13
49
85
85
77
77
187
192
190
185
185
185
185
187
188
188
188
188
192
31 186
51 187
33 186
171 192
186
35 186
97 189
79 188
185
79 188
185
15 185
185
185
37 186
Caoba
Caoba de santo
Carambolera
Cardboard plant
Cardboard sago
Caribbean trumpet
Cashew
Cashew apple
Casho
Cashu
Cassia fistula
Cassis
Casuarina
Casuarina equisetifolia
Ceria mahogany
Chakka
Chalota
Chalta
Champa
Champa
Champak
Champaka
Champakamu
Chandan
Chandanam
Chapa
Chpa
Charakonnai
149
149
23
169
169
155
15
39
91
41
149
63
103
123
103
103
103
141
141
103
39
191
191
186
192
192
191
185
185
185
185
186
189
186
186
191
186
187
187
189
190
189
189
189
191
191
189
190
186
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Cinnamon
Citrus aurantiifolia
Citrus aurantium
Citrus grandis
Citrus maxima
Citrus sinensis
Coconut palm
Cocos nucifera
Common guava
Common teak
Copperpod
13
163
101
157
171
95
95
51
153
19
43
45
45
47
49
51
51
53
55
55
129
161
117
185
186
192
192
189
191
192
187
189
189
187
191
190
189
185
186
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
190
192
190
Coramandel ailanto
Cork tree
Coromandel ebony
Cotton tree
Cottony jujube
Cuban mahogany
Cuckoos joy
Curry tree
Cycad
Cycas
Cycus revoluta
Dahat teak
Dalbergia
Dalchini
Dalseni
Date palm
Dayri
Deglet noor
Delonix regia
Devdaru
Devil tree
Dhak
Dharty
Dillenia Indica
Dilly
Dioecious
Diospyros melanoxylon
Dirsan
9
105
65
31
171
149
113
57
57
57
161
59
45
45
119
119
119
61
125
13
35
69
63
101
65
185
189
187
186
192
191
189
190
187
187
187
192
187
187
187
190
190
190
187
190
185
186
187
187
189
191
187
185
196
197
13
185
186
149 191
5
185
111 189
67 187
3
185
3
185
73 188
185
186
186
45 187
45 187
189
187
69 187
69 187
69 187
71 188
71 188
185
91 188
85 188
73 188
75 188
77 188
186
Fire tree
Flamboyant
Flame of the forest
Flame of the forest
Flame tree
Fountain tree
Frangipani
Frywood
Fua pepe
Gajus
Gamhar
Ganitnityuwan tangantan
Giant crape-myrtle
Ginger thomas
Gliricidia
Gliricidia sepium
Gmelina arborea
Gobbarada mara
Godambi
Goiaba
Goiabeira
Golden cane palm
Golden flamboyant
Golden shower
Gorintaaku
Gowrichura
Grevillea robusta
Guage
147
61
61
147
61
147
123
11
91
81
91
87
159
79
79
81
79
129
129
67
117
39
89
155
83
91
191
187
187
191
187
191
190
185
189
185
188
188
188
191
188
188
188
188
185
190
190
187
190
186
188
191
188
188
129 190
61 187
188
143 191
27 186
27 186
119 190
109 189
93 189
163 192
163 192
163 192
163 192
163 192
89 188
89 188
163 192
97 189
127 190
9
185
186
192
186
97 189
157 191
59 187
163 192
151 191
Indian blackberry
Indian date
Indian fig
Indian gooseberry
Indian jujube
Indian kapok
Indian kino
Indian privet
Indian rubber bush
Indian-lilac
Ip
Ipil ipil
Iyalvakai
Jabong
Jaca
Jacaranda
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Jackfruit
Jakfruit
Jamblang
Jambu
Jambu golok
Jambu mete
Jambu monyet
Jambu terong
Jambul
Jamrul
Karapincha
157
73
69
171
31
131
75
25
155
91
51
85
85
21
151
151
153
113
191
191
188
187
192
186
190
188
188
186
191
188
190
187
186
188
188
186
186
191
185
185
185
185
185
191
191
190
198
199
87 188
153 191
191
185
186
185
91 188
121 190
185
185
27 186
115 190
115 190
190
113 190
113 190
113 190
109 189
186
123 190
119 190
73 188
121 190
23 186
103 189
63 187
127 190
97 189
Kari baavu
Kari patta
Karivepaku
Karkku
Karpaha tree
Karuva
Karuvappatta
Karuveppilai
Kasambi
Kasoy
Kat malli
Kathal
Kavudi
Kay keo du
Kembang kamboja
Kesudo
Khadrawy
King sago palm
Kinshuk
Kmri
Koa haole
Kodukapuli
Koko
Koliar
Konda chinta
Konna
Krishnachura
Lychee
113
113
113
105
45
45
113
143
105
105
91
123
35
119
57
35
119
91
11
27
61
93
190
190
190
189
186
187
187
190
191
185
189
186
189
189
190
186
190
187
186
190
188
190
185
186
190
186
187
189
27
45
143
143
7
87
93
133
91
89
91
11
11
123
47
91
93
51
93
93
95
91
51
91
188
186
187
191
191
185
188
189
190
188
188
188
185
185
190
187
188
189
187
187
187
189
189
189
189
187
189
189
Madagascar palm
Madala
Maddi
Madeira redwood
Madhuca
Madhuca longifolia
Madrangi
Madras thorn
Madtoum
Maduragam
Magizham
Mahagony
Mahaka
Mahanim
Maharuk
Mahua
Majavatti
Makassar ebony
Makopa
Malabar kino
Malabar leaf
Malabathrum
Malacca tree
Malinche
Mamidi
Manchanari
Mandari
Moduga
67
9
109
149
97
97
121
7
97
149
7
9
9
97
109
65
153
131
43
43
69
61
109
27
187
185
189
191
189
189
188
190
185
189
189
191
185
185
185
189
189
187
191
190
187
187
187
187
189
189
186
186
200
201
99
99
121
101
109
109
27
105
7
25
89
9
79
97
119
89
103
105
107
105
49
97
25
189
189
188
190
189
189
189
186
189
185
185
186
188
185
188
189
189
187
190
188
185
189
189
189
189
187
189
186
Moha
Mohua
Monkeypod
Morinda
Morinda pubescens
Moringa
Moringa oleifera
Mother of cocoa
Mountain ebony
Mowa
Mowrah
Muk min
Mulgal
Mundhiri paruppu
Munga
Murraya koenigii
Murungai
Murungakai
Myrobalan
Naga
Nalina
Nangka
Narangi
Naseberry
Nattiluppai
Naval
Naval
Pajuil
97
97
121
109
109
111
111
79
27
97
97
31
109
113
111
111
163
29
49
101
97
189
189
190
189
189
189
189
188
186
189
189
186
189
185
189
190
189
189
192
191
186
186
187
189
189
191
191
185
25
69
69
69
69
115
69
105
25
25
101
91
109
113
3
109
121
53
49
27
27
27
161
186
191
187
187
187
187
190
187
189
186
187
186
189
191
189
185
189
190
185
189
189
190
187
187
186
186
186
192
Pala
Palash
Pale mara
Palmyra palm
Pana
Panai maram
Panas
Panasa
Panigrahi
Pansal mal
Papuan wattle
Parrot tree
Patadi
Pau d'arco
Peacock flower
Pedda kalinga
Peeli kaner
Peepal
Peepul
Pehun
Pehuenche
Peltophorum pterocarpum
Pepe
Per al
Periamaram
Phanas
Phen
Pou
35
13
33
127
123
3
35
155
61
77
77
117
91
9
143
77
186
186
185
186
186
186
186
186
190
190
185
186
191
191
187
187
192
188
188
185
185
190
189
188
185
186
191
188
202
203
119
131
9
77
9
109
77
77
9
121
77
123
123
125
135
51
51
127
127
143
29
101
190
190
185
188
185
189
188
188
185
190
188
190
190
189
186
190
190
187
185
185
187
190
190
191
186
188
188
189
Poui
Psidium guajava
Pterocarpus marsuphium
Pterocarpus santalinus
Pu palasu
Pummelo
Pungam
Punica granatum
Queen's crape-myrtle
Quick stick
Rac-champo
Radhachura
Rakta chandana
Rakta kamhar
Rata-mi
Ravenala madagascariensis
Red sandalwood
Red sanders
Rela
Rohbohtin
Royal palm
Royal poinciana
Roystonea regia
Rubber bush
Rubber fig
Rubber plant
Rutab
Shorea robusta
155
129
131
133
51
135
87
79
103
117
133
27
101
137
133
133
91
139
61
139
75
75
75
119
145
191
190
190
190
186
187
190
190
188
188
189
190
190
186
189
191
190
190
186
189
191
187
191
188
188
188
190
191
57 187
111 189
145 191
186
31 186
103 189
141 191
186
141 191
101 189
101 189
186
143 191
190
17 185
27 186
192
31 186
153 191
103 189
49 187
51 187
103 189
103 189
188
59 187
188
149 191
Siale mohemohe
Silk cotton
Silk oak
Silky oak
Sima sankesulu
Siris
Sissoo
Sisu
Small leaf mahogany
Soapbush wattle
Sonali
Sour orange
Spanish cherry
Spanish mahogany
Spathodea campannulata
Sree-gandha
Starfruit
Stone apple
Strap wattle
Subabul
Sugar-apple
Suhabaungon
Surimara
Suru
Suvam Challa, Challa
Sweet neem
Sweetsop
Teku
91
31
83
83
11
59
59
149
5
49
107
149
147
141
23
7
5
91
17
51
177
113
17
189
186
188
188
187
185
187
187
191
185
186
187
189
191
191
191
186
185
185
188
185
187
186
186
192
190
185
192
204
205
151
153
155
45
143
91
91
43
119
157
157
157
3
91
91
91
159
161
43
43
43
43
187
191
191
191
186
186
187
191
186
188
188
186
190
191
191
191
185
188
188
189
192
191
192
186
186
186
186
188
Telentund
Temple tree
Tendu
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia bellirica
Thandra
Thani
The sacred fig
Theku
Thevetia peruviana
Thogaru
Thoory
Tita-sopa
Tittinam
Toddy palm
Togar mughlai
Togari
Togari wood of madras
Travellers palm
Traveller's tree
Tree of heaven
True mahogany
Trumpet bush
Trumpet tree
Tuhngantuhngan
Tummi
Tvak
Wax apple
91
123
65
163
165
77
167
109
119
103
97
109
109
109
137
137
9
149
159
155
91
45
153
189
190
187
192
192
192
192
188
192
192
189
190
189
189
186
189
189
189
191
191
185
191
191
191
189
187
187
191
69
69
187
187
187
185
91 189
188
73 188
73 188
51 187
190
25 186
131 190
131 190
25 186
25 186
25 186
192
73 188
153 191
Wax jambu
Weeping bottlebrush
West Indian Mahogany
Wild tamarind
Woman's tongue
Wood apple
Yang-tao
Yellow bells
Yellow elder
Yellow flamboyant
Yellow flame tree
Yellow oleander
Yellow poinciana
Yeramaddi
Ying hung shue
Zahidi
Zamia furfuracea
Ziziphus mauritiana
153
37
149
91
11
7
23
159
159
117
117
167
117
163
31
119
169
171
191
186
191
188
185
185
186
191
191
190
190
192
190
192
186
190
192
192
206
207
208