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ImportanceofTransformerInrushCurrent(onphoto:DataCenterPowerTransformerbydigitalrealtytrust@Flickr)
ResidualFlux
Whenatransformeristakenoffline,therewillbeacertainamountofresidualfluxthatcanremain
inthecoreduetothepropertiesofthemagneticcorematerial.
Theresidualfluxcanbeasmuchas50to90%ofthemaximumoperatingflux,dependingon
thetypeofcoresteel.Whenvoltageisreappliedtothetransformer,thefluxintroducedbythis
sourcevoltagewillbuilduponthatwhichalreadyexistsinthecore.
Inordertomaintainthisleveloffluxinthecore,whichcanbewellintothesaturationrangeof
thecoresteel,thetransformercandrawcurrentwellinexcessofthetransformersratedfullload
current.
Dependingonthetransformerdesign,themagnitudeofthiscurrentinrushcanbeanywhere
from3.5to40timestheratedfullloadcurrent.Thewaveformoftheinrushcurrentwillbe
similartoasinewave,butlargelyskewedtowardsthepositiveornegativedirection.Thisinrush
currentwillexperienceadecay,partiallyduetotransformerlosses,whichwillprovidea
dampeningeffecthowever,thecurrentcanremainwellaboveratedcurrentformanycycles.
Thisinrushcurrentcanhaveaneffectontheoperationofrelaysandfuseslocated
inthesystemnearthetransformer.
Decentapproximationsoftheinrushcurrentrequiredetailedinformationregardingthetransformer
designwhichmaybeavailablefromthemanufacturerbutisnottypicallyavailabletotheuser.
Actualinrushcurrentswillalsodependuponwhereinthesourcevoltagewavetheswitching
operationsoccur,themomentofopeningeffectingtheresidualfluxmagnitude,andthemomentof
closingeffectingthenewflux.