FIVE ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS

OF READING

1. PHONEMIC AWARENESS
-The knowledge and manipulation of sounds in
spoken words.
Phonemic awareness can be measured with the following types
of tasks:
*Alliteration awareness
-phoneme detection
-sound or phoneme categorization
ex. Which word has a different first sound?
(bed, bus, chair, ball)
*Phoneme matching
*Phoneme isolation

*Phoneme completion
*Phoneme blending with words or nonwords
*Phoneme deletion (phoneme elision)
*Phoneme segmentation with words or
non-words
*Phoneme reversal
*Phoneme manipulation

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*Spoonerisms

2. PHONICS

The relationship between written and spoken letters and

sounds.
3. READING FLUENCY, INCLUDING ORAL READING
SKILLS
- ability to read with accuracy
- with appropriate rate
- expression and phrasing.
4. VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
-The knowledge of words, their definitions, and context.
5. READING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES
- The understanding of meaning in text.
*scientifically based research
*assessments
*professional development