BI THUYT TRNH: Phng

chng nhim HIV/AIDS

H tn: Nguyn Trn
Lp: 8A5
Trng: THCS Ng S Lin

I/ Th no l HIV/AIDS
1. HIV l g?
HIV l virus gy suy gim min dch ngi, c ngha l nu
bn nhim phi n, kh nng chng bnh tt ca bn s b suy
yu. l v c th bn c h thng min dch chng li cc vi
khun, virus, vi sinh vt... gy bnh c trong mi trng
duy tr s sng. Trong h thng ny, b phn ch cht l i
qun cc bch cu. Nhng chnh cc bch cu ch huy (T-CD4)
ca i qun li l i tng tn cng ca HIV. HIV ti tnh
chui vo c tr trong mnh bch cu ch huy, nn n khng b
i qun bch cu tiu dit. HIV li dng bch cu sinh si
v sau tiu dit bch cu. n khi a s ch huy b tiu dit,
c i qun tr nn v hiu, khng chng c bnh tt na.
S ph hoi ny din ra trong thi gian di. Do vy, nu nhim
HIV th trong 2-10 nm bn vn thy khe mnh bnh thng,
ngi khc nhn khng bit, bn thn bn cng khng bit
mnh mang mm bnh. Bn c th v tnh truyn HIV cho
ngi khc. Sau thi gian ny, bn pht bnh...

- Cu to virut HIV:

2. AIDS l g?
-

AIDS (cn gi l SIDA) c ngha l Hi chng suy gim

min dch mc phi. l khi kh nng chng bnh suy
yu n ni c th b cc th bnh honh hnh, iu tr
khng khi c. T khi pht bnh AIDS n lc cht ch vi
thng hoc nhiu nht l hai nm. Khi mi pht bnh AIDS,
bnh nhn thng st cn nhiu, ho ko di, tiu chy, st,
sng hch, ra m hi m, au hng, l, c nt trn da...
n giai on AIDS ton phn, ngi bnh c th mc
nhiu bnh nh lao, vim phi, bnh ng rut, cc bnh
ph khoa... y l cc bnh c hi, nhng k c nc bo
c. Tuy nhin, chnh chng l th phm a bn n ci
cht. Hin nay, cc nh nghin cu khoa hc vn ang vt
ln vi HIV. Mc d vic nghin cu vacxin c s tin
trin, nhng tt c cn ang trong thi gian th nghim. V
thuc chng th cha c loi no tr c HIV, ch c mt s
thuc lm chm th s sinh si ca n, nhng chi ph iu
tr bng loi thuc ny l khong 10.000-20.000

3. Mt s hnh nh v nhng ngi b

HIV/AIDS v nhng con s bit ni v
HIV/AIDS:

II/ Con ng ly nhim

HIV/AIDS
- HIV ly truyn qua ba con
ng: Tnh dc, ng mu
v m truyn sang con (Lc
mang thai, khi sinh hoc khi
cho con b).

1. Tnh dc:
- Virus HIV c rt nhiu trong mu, trong cc cht dch sinh dc. Do vy, virus c
th xm nhp vo mu bn tnh qua c quan sinh dc. Vic sinh hot tnh dc, d
c giao hp hay ch tip xc c quan sinh dc, u dn n nguy c ly nhim.
- Nu bn dng ming kch thch c quan sinh dc bn tnh, kh nng ly HIV
thp hn nhiu. Tuy nhin, nu ming bn c l, xc hay chy mu rng th HIV
dch sinh dc bn tnh c th xm nhp thng vo mu bn. Hoc nu bn c HIV
th t vt xc trong ming bn, virus c th xm nhp c th bn tnh.
- Giao hp dng vt - hu mn d lm ly HIV nht, v hu mn v trc trng (ng
rut trong hu mn) khng c dch trn nh m o nn rt d sy st, khin HIV
d dng truyn t ngi ny sang ngi kia.
- C th phng trnh HIV v nhiu bnh khc bng cch khng quan h tnh dc.
Tuy nhin, thc hin hu hiu phng php ny, bn phi tht s quyt tm,
khng tnh cm t i l ch. Nu khng mun quan h tnh dc, bn ng
cho bn thn v i phng b kch thch. Hy chung thy t c hai pha khi bit
chc c hai khng nhim HIV. Trc tin, bit chc c hai khng c HIV, cc
bn hy dn nhau i xt nghim.
- Tt nht l hy s dng bao cao su. y l phng php an ton khng ch i vi
bn, m cn vi ngi bn yu qu. Nu khng chc l c hai u khng mang
HIV, bn hy lun dng bao

2. ng mu:
- HIV c nhiu trong mu. Bm kim tim dng xong m khng tit trng, hoc tit
trng khng tt th vn cn ng mu (d c th khng nhn thy). Do , nu dng
chung bm kim tim vi mt ngi mang HIV, bn c th nhim HIV. Nu bn mang
HIV, bn c th truyn cho ngi khc theo ng y.
- S d ngi tim chch ma ty c nguy c nhim HIV cao hn ngi khc l do nhiu
khi h dng chung bm kim vi bn b, hoc dng bm kim ca t im bn thuc.
- Bt c khi no cn tim, bn hy mua hiu thuc loi bm kim dng mt ln ri b,
gi ch khong 1.000 ng. Nu khng c iu kin lm th, bn hy mua mt b bm
kim ring, tit trng trc v sau mi ln s dng. Bo m an ton bm kim tim nh
vy l rt cn thit, v ngoi HIV cn c nhiu bnh khc cng ly qua ng mu nh
vim gan B, giang mai, st rt, vim van tim
- Ring v ma ty, bn thn n khng sinh ra HIV. Nhng nhiu ngi do nghin nng
chuyn t ht, ht sang tim chch v c nhng ln dng chung bm kim tim, v th c
th ly bnh. Bn hy trnh tht xa cc loi ma ty. Nu dng th b ngay, nghin
th c gng cai nghin, ng lm hi cuc i mnh thm na. Bn no cn cha b
c tim chch cn c bit ch trng an ton bm kim tim, ko mt ngy no
pht hin ra mnh mang HIV th hi hn khng kp.
- Truyn mu l tip nhn mt lng mu ln vo c th mnh, do nu bn nhn mu
ca ngi nhim HIV, bn chc chn b ly nhim. Nc ta quy nh cc bnh vin phi
xt nghim v loi b mu c HIV, st rt, giang mai, vim gan Phong tro ku gi
nhng ngi khe mnh c thin tm i hin mu nhn o cng nhm mc ch trnh
ly nhim bnh qua ng mu.
- Nu vi thng na bn phi phu thut v cn truyn mu, bn c th yu cu bnh
vin trch mu mnh t by gi v dnh (nu iu kin sc khe cho php). Bn
cng c th xin mu ca mt ngi thn m bn bit r khng nhim HIV.

3. T m truyn sang con:

- C mt trm ph n nhim HIV sinh con th khong 25-30 tr b nhim. HIV c
th ly sang b qua rau thai khi b trong bng m, qua mu v cht dch
ca m khi sinh, hoc qua sa m khi m cho con b. Tr s sinh nhim HIV
thng khng sng c qu ba nm.
- C kin cho rng phng trnh iu ny, ph n khng nn sinh con, song
iu r rng l khng ph hp vi cuc sng con ngi. Ngi ph n
nhim HIV cng nh bt c ai khc, c nhu cu lm m, l cha k mong
mun ca ngi chng v nhng ngi thn khc trong gia nh, v li, kh
nng ly nhim khng phi l 100%. Do , chnh ngi ph n cng chng
mnh l nhng ngi quyt nh c sinh con hay khng.
- V sa m, li khuyn chung l ngi m d nhim HIV vn nn cho con b. L
do l sa m c nhng khng th rt cn thit bo v cuc sng ca b.
Nu khng c b m, b d b tiu chy hoc suy dinh dng, c th nguy
him n tnh mng. Do , cho b b m vn an ton hn.
- Ngoi nhng con ng trn, t trc ti nay cha c trng hp nhim HIV
no c xc nh ly qua ng khc. Tuy nhin, bn vn c th phng b
thm cho mnh. Khi khm cha bnh, bn c th hi cn b y t xem dng c
y t tit trng cha (v nguyn tc, tit trng dng c l bt buc). Khi cn
chm cu, bn cn c mt b kim chm ring, v hy yu cu ngi chm cu
tit trng cho bn. i co ru hoc sa mng tay hiu, bn hy yu cu
nhn vin ni ny ra sch dng c, cn thn hn na l lau bng cn. Nu
c xm mnh, hy yu cu tit trng dng c cn thn trc khi xm.

4. HIV khng ly truyn khi:

* Mui t
Khi t bn, mui tit vo c th bn mt t nc bt. Nhng v HIV khng
sinh sng trong c th mui nn nc bt ny khng cha HIV, v vy bn
khng th ly nhim HIV c. Vi mui rt tinh t, cho php mui ly
mu rt gn gng, khng bao gi mu ca ngi b t trc dnh vo
ngi b t sau. Mui hon ton v can trong s lan nhim HIV.
* Hn
Bn ng qu hoang mang. Hn nhn chung khng lm ly nhim HIV, bi
HIV trong nc bt v cng t, khng truyn c. Ch khi hai ngi b lot,
xc trong ming hoc chy mu rng m hn su th mi c kh nng ly
do tip xc mu.
* Tip xc thng thng
- Tt c cc kiu tip xc thng thng nh cng n ung, mc chung
qun o, m p, bi chung b bi, cng nh, ng chung ging (tt
nhin l khng quan h tnh dc!), lm vic cng c quan, dng chung
nh v sinh, ct tc khng lm cho ai b nhim HIV.

III/ Tc hi ca HIV/AIDS
- nh hng v kinh t: S ngi nhim HIV ch yu la tui lao
ng. Khi nhiu ngi b nhim HIV v b cht v AIDS s nh hng
n s pht trin kinh t ca tng gia nh, cng ng v ca t
nc. Chi ph cho cng tc phng chng AIDS s rt tn km.
- nh hng v tm l x hi: Mi ngi s hi d dn n tnh trng
phn bit i x. Cuc sng ca gia nh c ngi b nhim HIV
hoc bnh AIDS s tr nn cng thng, xut hin nhiu mu thun
v dn tin ti s mt n nh trong cuc sng.
- nh hng nng n cho h thng y t: Phn nhiu h thng y t b
qu ti, pht sinh cc nguy c ly nhim HIV trong mi trng y t.
Thuc c tr khng c nhng vn phi tin hnh vic iu tr cho
cc bnh nhn b nhim HIV/AIDS dn n chi ph cho iu tr ln
nhng khng t hiu qu, bnh nhn vn t vong.
- HIV lm gim tui th trung bnh. Tng t l cht s sinh, t l cht
m..... lm ny sinh cc vn v tr m ci, bo tn ni ging.

IV/ Cch phng chng HIV/AIDS

1. Phng nhim HIV/AIDS ly qua ng tnh dc:
- Sng lnh mnh, chung thu mt v mt chng v c hai ngi u cha b
nhim HIV. Khng quan h tnh dc ba bi.
- Trong trng hp quan h tnh dc vi mt i tng cha r c b nhim
HIV khng, cn phi thc hin tnh dc an ton bo v cho bn thn bng
cch s dng bao cao su mi (condom, o ma, bao k hoch) ng cch.
- Dng thuc dit tinh trng v HIV: ph bin l Nonoxynol-9 (Menfagol) c
lm di dng kem bi, vin t, hoc tm vo mng xp, bao cao su.
2. Phng nhim HIV/AIDS ly qua ng mu:
- Khng tim chch ma ty.
- Ch truyn mu v cc ch phm mu khi tht cn thit, v ch nhn mu v
cc ch phm mu xt nghim HIV.
- Hn ch tim chch. Ch s dng bm kim tim v trng. Khng dng chung
bm kim tim. S dng dng c tit trng khi phu thut, xm, x l,
chm cu...
- Trnh tip xc trc tip vi cc dch c th ca ngi nhim HIV
- Dng ring dng c nhn: dao co, bn chi rng, bm mng tay,...
3. Phng nhim HIV/AIDS ly truyn t m sang con:
- Ph n nhim HIV khng nn mang thai, v t l ly truyn HIV sang con l
30%. Nu c thai th ung thuc d phng theo hng dn ca bc s.

4. Hc sinh cn phi lm g phng chng

HIV/AIDS:

- C li sng lnh mnh

- Khng sa vo t nn x hi
- C kin thc y v cn bnh
HIV/AIDS
- C thc trong vic phng chng
HIV/AIDS
- Khng xa lnh mit th ngi nhim
HIV/AIDS