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Evolution
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line
provided.
_____ 1. Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to
a. being preserved as fossils.
b. providing humans with food.
c. surviving in the environments in which they lived.
d. swimming from South America to the Galpagos Islands.
_____ 2. Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in
the Galpagos, he wondered
a. if species living on different islands had once been members of the same
species
b. if finches and tortoises had originated from the same ancestral species.
c. if all birds on the different islands were finches.
d. why all tortoises on the different islands were identical.
_____ 3. Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwins observation of local
variation among tortoises in the Galpagos Islands?
a. artificial selection
c. acquired characteristics
b. adaptation
d. tendency towards perfection
_____ 4. Lamarcks ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among
the traits of organisms arise as a result of
a. continual increases in population size.
b. the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.
c. an unchanging local environment.
d. the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.
_____ 5. When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the
herd, the farmers are following the principle of
a. acquired characteristics.
c. artificial selection.
b. descent with modification.
d. natural selection.
____
_____
Figure 161
Figure 162
39. Compare and Contrast In Figure 162, sharks and dolphins belong to different
vertebrate groups and are not closely related. How can Darwins ideas about
evolution help explain their similar appearance?
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40. Apply Concepts Charles Darwin would say that sharks like the one in Figure 162
exhibit fitness. Explain what that means, and discuss two specific adaptations as part
of your explanation.
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41. Apply Concepts Fossil evidence indicates that dolphins evolved from ancestors that
walked on land. How can the concept of natural selection be used to explain the
evolution of the present-day dolphin body, as seen in Figure 162?
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42. Predict Suppose a dolphin population, like those in Figure 162, becomes trapped in
a harbor that is growing smaller and more shallow because of climate changes. Is it
likely that the dolphins would evolve into a land-dwelling species in a few thousand
years? Explain your
answer.__________________________________________________________________
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43. Infer Based on Figure 162, if you wanted to find out whether sharks and dolphins
share homologous structures, what structures would you examine? Explain.
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Essay
Write the answer to each question on the lines provided.
44. Explain what Darwin thought about different animals with similar characteristics
living in similar habitats around the world.
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45. Suppose a plant breeder selectively breeds a plant for its bright red flower and
creates a new population with little variation. Would the new population survive if it
were released into the wild? Explain.
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Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
47. Interpret Graphs According to Graph A in Figure 171, what has occurred?
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48. Interpret Graphs According to Graph B in Figure 171, what has occurred?
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49. Interpret Graphs According to Graph C in Figure 171, what has occurred?
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50. Infer Which of the three graphs shown in Figure 171 might show a population of
birds with members that specialize in different types of food? Explain.
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51. Infer What factors or conditions might have led to the change shown in Graph A of
Figure 171?
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1. Which concept is best illustrated in the flowchart below?
Which statement is correct concerning the chances of survival for these species if there is a change in the
environment?
(1) Species A has the best chance of survival because it has the most genetic diversity.
(2) Species C has the best chance of survival because it has no gene mutations.
(3) Neither species B nor species D will survive because they compete for the same resources.
(4) None of the species will survive because bacteria reproduce asexually.
4. One possible conclusion that can be drawn regarding ancestral horses A and B is that
(1) A was better adapted to changes that occurred during the Pliocene Epoch than was B
(2) the areas that B migrated to contained fewer varieties of producers than did the areas that A migrated
to
(3) competition between A and B led to the extinction of Pliohippus
(4) the adaptive characteristics present in both A and B were insufficient for survival
5. Miohippus has been classified as a browser (an animal that feeds on shrubs and trees) while
Merychippus has been classified as a grazer (an animal that feeds on grasses). One valid inference that
can be made regarding the evolution of modern horses based on this information is that
(1) Eohippus inhabited grassland areas throughout the world
(2) Pliohippus had teeth adapted for grazing
(3) Equus evolved as a result of the migration of Pliohippus into forested areas due to increased
competition
(4) ecological succession led to changes in tooth structure during the Eocene Epoch