6: Plant nutrition

06.1 Photosynthesis
In this section you will must be able to:
1. Define photosynthesis as the process by which plants manufacture
carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light
2. State the word equation for photosynthesis:
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen, in the
presence of light and chlorophyll
3. State the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis

4. Explain that chlorophyll transfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules,
for the synthesis of carbohydrates
5. Outline the subsequent use and storage of the carbohydrates made in
photosynthesis
6. Investigate the necessity for chlorophyll, light and carbon dioxide for
photosynthesis, using appropriate controls
7. Investigate and describe the effects of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide
concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis, e.g. in submerged aquatic
plants
8. Define the term limiting factor as something present in the environment in such
short supply that it restricts life processes
9. Identify and explain the limiting factors of photosynthesis in different
environmental conditions
10. Describe the use of carbon dioxide enrichment, optimum light and optimum
temperatures in glasshouses in temperate and tropical countries
11. Use hydrogencarbonate indicator solution to investigate the effect of gas
exchange of an aquatic plant kept in the light and in the dark

06.2 Leaf structure

In this section you will must be able to:
1. Identify in leaves of a dicotyledonous plant

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

chloroplasts,
cuticle,
guard cells and stomata,
upper and lower epidermis,
palisade mesophyll,
spongy mesophyll,
vascular bundles,
xylem and phloem i

2. Explain how the internal structure of a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis

06.3 Mineral requirements
In this section you will must be able to:
1. Describe the importance of :
a. nitrate ions for making amino acids
b. magnesium ions for making chlorophyll
2. Explain the effects of nitrate ion and magnesium ion deficiency on plant growth