LTE Performance

Optimization

Content:
IRAT
..1
S1/X2
Handover
...2
Radio Connection Supervision.
..4
Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO)
.4

1) IRAT
Cell Re-Selection (LTE to WCDMA)
Cell Reselection is a kind of mechanism to change cell after UE is camped on a cell
and stay in IDLE mode. This is to let UE get connected to cell which has the best
condition among all the cells to which the UE is allowed to camp on. But UE does
not change cells randomly; it uses a set of pretty complicated criteria and
algorithms for this reselection process.
arfcnValueUtranDl: Indicates the ARFCN applicable for a downlink UTRA carrier
frequency,
cellReselectionPriority : The absolute priority of the carrier frequency used by
the cell reselection procedure. Default Value: 7
ellReselectionPriority : The absolute priority of the concerned carrier frequency,
as used by the cell reselection procedure. Default Value: 6
pMaxUtra : The maximum allowed transmission power on the (uplink) carrier
frequency.
Default Value: 33
sNonIntraSearch :Threshold for inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements on
frequencies of equal or lower priority. Default Value: 0
threshServingLow: Threshold for the signal strength of the serving cell, below
which the UE performs cell reselection towards a lower priority inter-frequency or
inter-RAT frequency. Default Value: 0
threshXHigh : Specifies the threshold used by the UE when reselecting towards
the higher priority frequency X than current serving frequency. Each frequency of
UTRAN might have a specific threshold Default Value: 4
threshXLow: Specifies the threshold used in reselection towards frequency X
priority from a higher priority frequency. Each frequency of UTRAN might have a
specific threshold. Default Value: 0
tReselectionUtra : Cell reselection timer value TreselectionRAT for UTRAN (1).
Default Value: 2
qQualMin : Minimum required quality level in the cell expressed in dB. Default
Value: -119

IRAT Handover (LTE to WCDMA)

IRAT (Inter-Radio Access Technology) handover and cell change allows 3G voice and
data services WCDMA RAN to GSM transition to maintain the connection with the UE
between coverage areas to prevent dropped calls. The Inter-RAT Handover
Evaluation algorithm performs the Inter- RAT (WCDMA RAN to GSM) handover
evaluation based on the UE GSM measurement reports. Related parameters are
given below.
UtranFreqRelationId: The value component of the Relative Distinguished Name
(RDN).
utranFrequencyRef: Reference to the UTRAN frequency MO, UtranFreq.
threshXHigh: The threshold used by the UE when reselecting towards a higher
priority frequency from the current serving frequency. Each UTRAN frequency may
have a specific threshold. The threshold is specified as parameter Thresxhigh in
3GPP TS 36.304.
threshXLow: The threshold used in reselection towards a lower frequency priority
from a higher priority frequency. Each frequency of UTRAN may have a specific
threshold. The threshold is specified as parameter Thresxlow in 3GPP TS 36.304.
qRxLevMin: The required minimum received Rx level in the UTRAN frequency used
in cell reselection. Corresponds to parameter Qrxlevmin in 3GPP TS 36.304.
pMaxUtra: Used to calculate the parameter Pcompensation (defined in 3GPP TS
36.304) at cell reselection to a UTRAN cell. Value 1000 means the parameter is not
included in system information.
qQualMin: Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB). Corresponds to
parameter Qqualmin in 3GPP TS 25.304
cellReselectionPriority: The absolute priority of the carrier frequency used by the
cell reselection procedure. Corresponds to parameter priority in 3GPP TS 36.304.
Value 0 means lowest priority. The UE behavior when the field is empty if applicable
is specified in 3GPP TS 36.304.
allowedPlmnList: List of all Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) IDs allowed for this
frequency relation. A UE that does not support one of the IDs included in the
allowedPlmnList does not measure on this frequency, according to the UE Handover
Restriction List. No values in allowedPlmnList imply that the frequency has no
restrictions for PLMN.
includeInSystemInformation: Indicates if the UTRAN frequency referred to is
included in System Information. When the includeInSystemInformation is set to
false, the frequency is not included in SIB6. A maximum of 16 frequencies each can
be included in SIB6 for Frequency Division Duplex and Time Division Duplex.
csFallbackPrio: Prioritizes UTRAN frequencies among all frequencies related to the
cell for UEs in connected mode. Sets the priority to which frequency/frequency

group to make CS Fallback to. The value 0 means the lowest priority. The value 7
means the highest priority.
connectedModeMobilityPrio: Prioritizes UTRA frequencies among all frequencies
related to the cell for UEs in connected mode.
qOffsetFreq: Indicates a frequency-specific offset to apply when evaluating
triggering conditions for measurement reporting.
csFallbackPrioEC: Prioritizes UTRAN frequencies for emergency calls among all
frequencies/frequency groups related to the cell for UEs in connected mode.

2) S1/X2 Handover
Both of these handover procedures require the source eNB to prepare a target cell
for handover concurrently with the handover decision (i.e., the UEs context must be
available and resources must be reserved at the target cell when the UE accesses
the target cell); otherwise, the UE transitions to idle-state where it attempts to
complete the handover procedure by transitioning back to connected-state via a
procedure called Non-Access Stratum (NAS) recovery. The target cell may belong to
either the source eNB (intra-eNB handover) or a target eNB (inter-eNB handover).
Related parameters are given below.
reportAmountA3: Number of reports when periodical reporting is used. Value of 0
means that reports are sent as long as the event is fulfilled.
a3ReportOnLeavePm: Indicates that the UE initiates the measurement reporting
procedure when the leaving condition is met for a cell. Used only when
measSelectionEUtraPm is set to EVENT_A3.
a4ThresholdRsrpPm: The Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) threshold
value for eventA4 for PM-Initiated UE Measurements. Used only when
triggerQuantityPm is set to RSRP and measSelectionEUtraPm is set to EVENT_A4.
a4ThresholdRsrqPm: The Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) threshold
value for eventA4 for PM-Initiated UE Measurements. Used only when
triggerQuantityPm is set to RSRQ and measSelectionEUtraPm is set to EVENT_A4.
a5ThresholdRsrpPm1: The Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) threshold 1
value for eventA5 for PM-Initiated UE Measurements. Used only when
triggerQuantityPm is set to RSRP and measSelectionEUtraPm is set to EVENT_A5.
a5ThresholdRsrqPm1: The Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) threshold 1
value for eventA5 for PM-Initiated UE Measurements. Used only when
triggerQuantityPm is set to RSRQ and measSelectionEUtraPm is set to EVENT_A5.

a5ThresholdRsrpPm2: The Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) threshold 2

value for eventA5 for PM-Initiated UE Measurements. Used only when
triggerQuantityPm is set to RSRP and measSelectionEUtraPm is set to EVENT_A5.
a5ThresholdRsrqPm2: The Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) threshold 2
value for eventA5 for PM-Initiated UE Measurements. Used only when
triggerQuantityPm is set to RSRQ and measSelectionEUtraPm is set to EVENT_A5.
hysteresisPm: The hysteresis value for the condition triggering the entering and
leaving measurement report for PM-Initiated UE Measurements. Used only when
measSelectionEUtraPm is set to EVENT_A1, EVENT_A2, EVENT_A3, EVENT_A4 or
EVENT_A5.
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran: Offset value of the neighbor cell. Used when the UE is
in connected mode.
qOffsetCellEUtran: Offset value applied to a specific cell in idle mode mobility
state.
anrCreated: Indicates if the MO was created by the Automated Neighbor Relations
(ANR) function.
includeInSystemInformation: Indicates if the referred cell is included in System
Information. When the attribute is set to false, the cell is not included in either
freqNeighList or blackCellList in SIB4 or SIB5.
a3offsetAnrDelta: The offset value for eventA3. Dependent on reportQuantityA3
on MO ReportConfigEUtraBestCell and is a delta towards a3offset on
reportQuantityA3, The a3ofsett used in the ANR measure is calculated as a3offset
(on ReportConfigEUtraBestCell) - a3offset AnrDelta
hysteresisA3: The hysteresis value for eventA3.
ReportConfigEUtraBestCellAnrId: The value component of the Relative
Distinguished Name (RDN).
timeToTriggerA3: The time to trigger value for eventA3.

3) Radio Connection Supervision

The Radio Connection Supervision (RCS) algorithm supervises the connection
between E-UTRAN and a UE in connected mode. The purpose of this supervision is
to judge whether or not RAN still has the control over the UE and to monitor UEs
inactivity. Related parameters are given below.

n310: This parameter indicates the number of 200 ms intervals when the UE is
unable to successfully decode the PDCCH due to low RSRP detected. That is, this
parameter indicates the number of times in which the UE cannot successfully
decode 20 consecutive frames in the downlink.
t310: It is a timer, in seconds, used to allow the UE to get back in synchronization
with the eNodeB.
n311: This parameter indicates the number of 100 ms intervals that the UE must
successfully decode the PDCCH to be back in-synch with the eNodeB. That is, this
parameter indicates the number of times in which the UE must successfully
decode 10 consecutive frames in the downlink in order for the UE to assume the
radio link is in-synch.
tInactivityTimer: The timer can UE can be inactive before it is released.

4) Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO)

Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) encompasses the automated optimization
of parameters affecting active mode and idle mode handovers to ensure good enduser quality and performance, while considering possible competing interactions
with other SON features such as, automatic neighbor relation and load balancing.
There is also some potential for interaction with Cell Outage Compensation and
Energy Savings as these could also potentially adjust the handover boundaries in a
way that conflicts with MRO. While the goal of MRO is the same regardless of radio
technology namely, the optimization of end-user performance and system capacity,
the specific algorithms and parameters vary with technology. Related parameters
are given below.
COVERABNORMALTHD: Parameter is used for abnormal coverage threshold
NCELLOPTTHD: Parameter is used for Ncell optimization threshold
NEIGHBORRSRPTHD: Parameter is used for Neighbors cell RSRP threshold
OPTPERIOD: Parameter is used for MRO optimization period
PINGPONGRATIOTHD: Parameter is used for Ping-Pong ratio threshold
PINGPONGTIMETHD: Parameter is used for Ping-Pong handover threshold
SERVINGRSRPTHD: Parameter is used for serving cell RSRP threshold
STATNUMTHD: Parameter is used for MRO statistics number threshold