Mensuration - CHAPTER

the diagram, find the value of the angle A in radians, correct three significant figures, if the perimeter is equal to 40cm.

7

-Jt em?

2

diagram shows a design for a shop sign. arcs are each one quarter of a complete The radius of the smaller circle is 7 em

the radius of the larger circle is 9cm.

the perimeter of the shape, correct to the centimetre.

the shaded area in the diagram. dimensions are given in centimetres. 0 is

centre of the circle and AT is a tangent. 3

your answer correct to three significant

A

diagram shows a running track. The perimeter of the inside line is 400 metres and the of each straight section is 100 metres.

Find the radius of each of the semi-circular parts of the inner track.

If the width of the lane shown is 1 metre, find the perimeter of the outer boundary of the lane.

starting positions of who have to run . ) in the lanes are shown.

Find the value of angle.A" (to the nearest degree) if both runners are to run 400 metres.

-sine
cose
= =tanf)
cosf sine
=
cos(n + e) -case
= -sinS
1
= 2·
y
the following angles to degrees.

2:rr: 3n 12n 5n
3 (b) 5 (c) 10 Cd) 18
Convert the following angles to radians.
(a) 180' (b) 270' (c) 140' (d) 320'
= -,/3. Find the exact value of
y (a) sin 120° (b) cosl2Do (c) tan 120° (d) sec 120°
(e) sin21O° Cf) cos 210° (g) tan21Do (h) cot2IO°
(i) sin225 ° (j) cos 225 ° (k) tan 225 ° (1) cosec 225°
(m) sin315 ° (n) cos315° (0) tan315° (p) sec315°
(q) sin360° (r) cos360° (s) tan 360° (t) cosec360°
Find the exact value of
(a) sinrt (b) cosn (c) tanzt (d) sec rt
(e) · 3:rr: (f) 3n (g) 3n (h) 3n
Slll- cosT tan- cosecT
4 4
(i) · 7:rr: (j) 7n (k) 7n (1) 7n
Slll- cos6 tan- cot-
6 6 6
(m) · 5:n: (n) 5:n: (0) 5:n: (p) 5:n:
Slll- cos- tan- sec-
3 3 3 3
(q) · 'l n. (r) 7:n: (s) 7:n: (t) 7:n:
Slll- cosT tan- cosecT
4 4
325 Circular Trigonometric Functions - CHAPTER

sin G + cot8cos8 = cosecf (b)
sin2S (d)
= 1 + cos8
1- cos8
tan-xcos?x + cot-xsin-x = 1 (f)
sin2S(1 + cot28) -1 = 0 (h)
cos8 t 8 = sec8 U)
+ an
1 + sin8
1 secx- tanx (1)
secx + tanx seccp + cosec$ = sin<jJ + coso tan o + cote

tanx + secx - 1 tanx + secx = ----------:tanx - secx + 1

(sinx + cosx)? + (sinx - cosx)? 2

sec-Bcosec-O = sec-B + cosec-O sin4x-cos4x = (sinx+ cosx)(sinx- cosx) sec+c= sec-x = tarr'x s-tan-»

sin 3 x + COS 3 xl'

. = ! - SlllXCOSX

SlllX + cosx

secx - 1

( cotx - cosecx)? = ------:-

secx + 1

(2bsinxcosxF + b2(cOS2X- sin2x)2 = b2

8 from each of the following pairs

x = ksinS, y = kcos8

x = 1 + sin8, y = 2 - cos G

x = sin G + 2cosS, y = sin G - 2cos8

If tan8

3 3:n

- :n < 8 < - find i.

4' - - 2 '

If sinS

3 3:n

-4' 2 :s S :s 2:n find i.

the following, where 0 :s S :s 2:n

4sinS = 3cosec8 2 - sin G = 2cos2S

(b) (d)

331

sin 8 1 + cos 8 2 S

-,--------,- + = cosec

1 + cos8 sinS

3cos2x-2 = 1-3sin2x

secf - sec Osin-B = cos O

1 1

-:----:--..,. + = 2sec2<j>

1 - sin cjJ 1 + sin <I>

1- sinS cos8

cos8 1 + sin8

(n)

. cos-x

SlllX+ = 1

1 + sinx

sinx + 1 sinx - cosx + 1

== -:------.".

cosx sinx + cosx - 1

(b) (d)

x = b sin8, y = acos8

x = 1 - b sin 8, y = 2 + a cos 8

cosS

11.

cosecf

secf

ii.

cot8

2cos2S + sin O -1 = 0 2sin2S = 2 + 3cosS

MATHEMATl:CS - Higher Level (Core)

2.

Simplify the following

(a) sin2acos3(3 - sin3(3cos2a

(c)

cosxcos3y + sinxsin3y tan(x-y)+ tany

1 - tan(x - y)tany

~ sin ( a + (3) + ~ cos ( a + (3 )

(b)

cos2acos5(3 - sin2asin5(3

(e)

sinxcos2y + sin2ycosx tan2a - tan (3 1 + tan2atan(3

1 - tan<p 1 + tan o

cos(x + 2y )sin(x - 2y) + sin(x + 2y) cos (x - 2y)

(d)

Cf)

(g)

(h)

(i)

3.

Given that sin G = ~, 0 s; 8 s; ~ and coso = _}53, Jt s <p s; 32Jt , evaluate

( a) sin (8 + <p) (b) cos (S + <p) (c) tan (8 - <p )

G· h . 8 3 8 3n d ,t, 12 '" 3n 1

rven t at sin = -:s' Jt s s; 2: an coso = -13' n s; 'Y s 2: ' eva uate

(a) sine 8 - <P) (b) cos(8 - <jl) (c) tan(8 + <1»
Given that sin G = -~, 32n s 8 s; 2n , evaluate
(a) sin28 (b) cos2S (c) tan28 (d) sin48
6. Given that tanx = -3, ~ s; x s; n , evaluate
(a) sin2x (b) cos2x (c) tan2x (d) tan4x
7. Find the exact value of
(a) 5n (b) sin 105° (c) Un (d) tan 1650
sin- cos-
12 12 s.

a 3n

Given that tanx = b' n s; x s; 2: ' evaluate

(a)

sin2x

(b)

cosec2x

(c)

cos4x

(d)

tan2x

9. Prove the following identities:
(a) cotx - cot2x = cosec2x (b) sin(x+y)sin(x-y) = sin2x-sin2y
(c) sec-x = 1 + tan-» (d) 2sin28
tan(8 + <p) + tan(8 - <p) = ----z-¢
cos28 + cos
(e) cos+o - sin+« = 1 - 2sin2a (f) 1 cosy
. --.- = tany
smycosy smy
(g) 1 + cos2y _ sin2y (h) csc( 8 +~) = sec8
sin2y 1- cos2y
(i) cos3x = cosx - 4sin2xcosx (j) 1 + sin28 cos8 + sin8
cos28 cos8 - sin8
(k) 1 + cosx (1) sin3a = 3 sin a - 4sin3a
(cotx + cscx)2 = 1
- cosx 342

MATHEMATICS - Higher Level (Core)

1. If 0 :s; x :s; 2n , find:
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) . J3
sinx = - sinx = -- smx = 2
J2 2
(d) . 3 1 (e) sin (~) = (t) sin(nx) = _ J2
sin x = 2: 2 2
2. If 0 :s; x :s; 2n , find:
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) cosx = f
cosx = J2 cosx = -2:
cosG) = ~ 1 cos(~x) J2
(d) (e) cos(2x) = 2: =
2
3. If 0 :s; x :s; 2n , find:
(a) 1 (b) tanx = -1 (c) tanx = J3
tanx = J3
tan(~) = 2 (e) tan(2x) = -J3 (f) tan(~x) = -1
4. If 0 :s; x :s; 2n or 0 :s; x :s; 360 , find:
(a) sin(xO + 60°) = ~ (b) cosrx" - 30°) = _ J3
2
(c) tan tx" + 45°) = -1 (d) sin(xO - 20°) = _!_
J2
(e) cos ( 2x -~) = ~ (f) tanG-x) = 1
(g) sec(2x + n) = 2 (h) cot(2x+~) = 1
S. If 0 :s; x :s; 2n or 0 :s; x :s; 360 , find:
(a) 1 (b) 2sinx+ J3 = 0 (c) J3tanx = 1
cosxo = 2:
(d) Ssinx" = 2 (e) 4sin2x-3=0 (f) 1
J3 tanx + 1
(g) 2 sin ( x +~) = -1 (h) 5cos(x + 2) - 3 = 0 (i) tan(x-~) = A
(j) 2cos2x + 1 = 0 (k) tan2x- J3 = 0 (1) 2 sinx" = 5 cosx 0
2cosec(~) = 4 1 (0) secG) = -12
(m) (n) 2:cot(2x) = 0
374 Circular Trigonometric Functions - CHAPTER

Estimate the amplitude, period, horizontal and vertical translations. Find a rule that models the data.

ur period.

table shows the depth of water (D metres) over a S second period as waves pass the of a pier.

anslations.

Estimate the amplitude, period, horizontal and vertical translations. Find a rule that models the data.

fading.

population (in thousands) of a species ofbutterfiy in a nature sanctuary is modelled by function:

P = 3 + 2Sine~t), 0 s; t s; 12

t is the time in weeks after scientists first started making population estimates.

anslations,

What is the initial population?

What are the largest and smallest populations?

When does the population first reach 4 thousand butterflies?

nonth period.

16

water wave passes a fixed point. As the wave passes, the depth of the water (D t seconds is modelled by the function:

D = 7+~cos(2;t),t>O

What are the greatest and smallest depths?

Find the first two times at which the depth is 6.8 metres.

at

:.4

mslations.

h in a lake over 22

weekly sales (S) (in hundreds of cans) of a soft drink outlet is modelled by the function:

mslations,

s = 13+S.Scos(~-3),t>0

is the time in months with t = 0 corresponding to January 1st 1990,

. a small company

Find the minimum and maximum sales during 1990.

Find the value of t for which the sales first exceed 1500 (S = IS) . During which months do the weekly sales exceed lS00 cans?

2

The rabbit population, R( t) thousands, in a northern region of South Australia is modelled = 12 + 3 cos (~t), 0 s; t s; 24 , where t is measured in months after

.6

.nslations.

first of January.

ends of tonnes) of a

What is the largest rabbit population predicted by this model?

How long is it between the times when the population reaches consecutive peaks?

Sketch the graph of R(t) for 0 s; t s; 24.

Find the longest time span for which R(t) ;::: 13.S.

Give a possible explanation for the behaviour of this model.

381