ENTHALPY OF STEAM (kJ/kg)/

(kCal/kg)
Pressure
0.10 bar ab
Temperature
26.85 Deg-C
1.89
2641.62
10.0
80870.0
82.546
1.6246E+5
0.22
1.2697E+5
3.635E-4
6.768E-8
1.4720
7.5566E-4
47.8365
0.101325
4.55504
0.43
0.23888889
-698.65
0.0160185
2.30258509
2502.36
-1.48847

68.50
68.50
0.10
0.00
0.00
20913.46
2.07
107453.39
-458.99
-239634.99
-67.82
0.00
4599.76
0.00
0.00
-1.19
-345.82
-2.08E+11
-4.88E+33

ENTHALPY OF STEAM (kJ/kg)/(kCal/kg) : [enth]

enth = LOC_HSSPT*2.3260
enth = LOC_HSSPT*2.3260/4.1868
300.00
0.00

where;

LOC_HSSPT=((PZ*(A-2.0*TOU*ALPHA*(1.0+BETA))+ AL
AMU1+ALMB2*AMU2+ALMB3*AMU3)*Q+AL/TOU+0.5*AM
AN*log(TOU)+W+HD0*U

where; p =
tc =
tk =
Ts =
if p<221.0
if (tk<Ts)
PZ =
TOU =
TOU2 =
ALPHA =
BETA =
GAMA =
DELTA =
RHO =
B0 =
AMU3 =
B02 =
AMU2 =
EPSLN =
ALMB1 =

1095.53
2548.19 ENTHALPY

ALMB2 =

608.63 ENTHALPY
ALMB3 =

where;

PY OF STEAM (kJ/kg)/(kCal/kg) : [enth]

C_HSSPT*2.3260 (kJ/kg)
or
C_HSSPT*2.3260/4.1868 (kCal/kg)
LOC_HSSPT=((PZ*(A-2.0*TOU*ALPHA*(1.0+BETA))+ ALMB1*
AMU1+ALMB2*AMU2+ALMB3*AMU3)*Q+AL/TOU+0.5*AM/TOU2AN*log(TOU)+W+HD0*U
Pressure (kg/cm2 g)
Temperature (Deg-C)
tc+273.15
115.0*pow((double)p,(double)0.225)

/* This is for saturated steam ? */

tk=Ts
p/1.01325
1.0/tk
TOU*TOU
B*power((double)C,(double)(D*TOU2))
D*CLN*TOU2
ALPHA*(1.0+2.0*BETA)
E-F*TOU
AJ-AK*pow((double)(TOU*1000.0),(double)24.0)
A-ALPHA*TOU
pow((double)(PZ*TOU),(double)13.0)/13.0
B0*B0
pow((double)(PZ*TOU),(double)4.0)/4.0
G-H*TOU2
B02*TOU2*(3.0*DELTA-F*TOU)DELTA*TOU2*TOU*2.0*B0*GAMA
B02*B02*(4.0*EPSLN-2.0*H*TOU2)/TOU4.0*EPSLN*B02*B0*GAMA
-B0*pow((double)B0,(double)12.0)*(13.0*RHO24.0*AK*pow((double)(TOU*1000.0),
(double)24.0))/TOU+13.0*RHO*pow((double)B0,
(double)12)*GAMA

A=1.89
B=2641.62
C=10
D=80870
E=82.546
F=162460
G=0.21828
H=126970
AJ=0.0003635

AK=0.00000006768
AL=1.472
AM=0.00075566
AN=47.8365
Q=0.101325
R=4.55504
U=0.43
V=0.23888889
W=-698.65
Y=0.0160185
CLN=2.30258509
HD=2502.36
SD=-1.48847

ST HEAT RATE (kCal/kwh) : [htt]

htt = (ip1+ip2)/op (kCal/kg)
where;
ip1 = hm*hsspt(hpr+1,ht)
ip2 = lm*hsspt(lpr+1,lt)
where; hsspt(px,tx)=enthalpy at pressure px & temp tx [kCal/kg]
op = pow_gen*DELT
where;
lpr = LP Steam Pressure at ST Inlet(kg/cm2)
hpr = HP Steam Pressure at ST Inlet(kg/cm2)
lt = LP Steam Temp at ST Inlet (Deg-C)
ht = HP Steam Temp at ST Inlet (Deg-C)
lm = LP Steam Flow at ST Inlet (TPH)
hm = HP Steam Flow at ST Inlet (TPH)
pow_gen = STG Output (MW)

STEAM TURBINE ISENTROPIC

EFFICIENCY (%)

STEAM TURBINE ISENTROPIC EFFICIENCY (%) : [eff]

LP I/L STM PR
HP I/L STM PR
LP I/L STM TEMP
HP I/L STM TEMP
LP I/L STM FLOW
HP I/L STM FLOW
ST O/L PR
ST O/L TEMP

lpri = LP steam pressure at ST inlet (kg/cm2)

hpri = HP steam pressure at ST inlet (kg/cm2)
lt = LP steam temp. at ST inlet (Deg-C)
ht = HP steam temp. at ST inlet (Deg-C)
lm = LP steam flow at ST inlet (kg/sec)
hm = HP steam flow at ST inlet (kg/sec)
outp = ST outlet pressure (kg/cm2)
outt = ST outlet temp. (Deg-C)

EFFICIENCY
NUM
DEN
Hin (hp,actual)
Hin (lp,actual)
Hout (hp+lp,actual)

4.31
52.84
149.90
476.80
29.50
195.90
-0.90
48.00

kg/cm2
kg/cm2
Deg-C
Deg-C
T/HR
T/HR
kg/cm2
Deg-C

94.51
44097.86
46661.06
### 3375.40
22528.25 2749.21
### 2589.13
225.40
Hout (hp,isentropic)
### 2548.19
Hout (lp,isentropic) 20881.01 2548.19

eff = 100*num/den
where; num = t1+t2-t3
den = t1+t2-(t4+t5)+DELT /* den=t4+t5-t3 */
where; t1=hm*hsspt(hpri+1,ht)
t2=lm*hsspt(lpri+1,lt)
t3=outm*hsspt(outp+1,outt)
where; outm=hm+lm
t4=hm*iso_enth(ht,hpri+1,outp+1)
t5=lm*iso_enth(lt,lpri+1,outp+1)

ISENTROPIC TEMP AFTER EXPANSION

(Deg-C)
STEAM I/L PR
STEAM I/L TEMP
ST O/L PR
DRYNESS FRACT

52.84 bar ab
476.80 Deg-C
0.0981 bar ab
0.90

ISEN TEMP AFTER

EXPN(by formula)

175.67 Deg-K

ISEN TEMP AFTER

EXPN(if<300)
INDEX
ISO_INDEX (gama)

26.85 Deg-C

PRESSURE RATIO

0.23
1.30

ISENTROPIC TEMPERATURE AFTER EXPANS

[out_temp]
749.95

in_pr = Inlet pressure (bar)

in_temp = Inlet temp (Deg-C)
out_pr = Outlet pressure (bar)
dry_fract = Dryness fraction of steam

if (p_ratio > out_temp = in_temp*pow((double)p_

else
out_temp = 300.00
if (out_tem out_temp = 300.00
out_temp-= 273.15
where;

1.30
1.35

0.0019

{let ar15,at16}~
{let ar3,(c3+1)*0.98066}~
{let ar4,c5}~
{let bj8,ar12}~
{let t3,bj5}~
{let t4,bj8}~
{let cc21,q31}~

and if (in_prp_ratio = out_pr/in_pr

else
p_ratio = 0.0

{let ar3,c3+1}~

{let t3,bj5+1}~

{blank ar15}~
{blank ar3.ar4}~
{blank bj8}~
{blank t3.t4}~
{quit}~
{let ar15,at15}~
{let ar3,(c4+1)*0.98066}~
{let ar4,c6}~
{let bj8,ar12}~
{let t3,bj5}~
{let t4,bj8}~
{let cc20,q31}~
{blank t3.t4}~
{quit}~
{let t3,(ca3+1)*0.98066}~
{let t4,ca5}~

index = (iso_index-1.0)/is
where;

{let ar3,c4+1}~

{let t3,bj5+1}~

{let t3,ca3+1}~

{let cc17,q31}~
{blank t3.t4}~
{quit}~
{let t3,(ca4+1)*0.98066}~
{let t4,ca6}~
{let cc16,q31}~
{blank t3.t4}~
{quit}~

{let t3,ca4+1}~

{let t3,(ca9+1)*0.98066}~
{let t4,ca10}~
{let cc18,q31}~
{quit}~

{let t3,ca9+1}~

PERATURE AFTER EXPANSION (Deg-C) :

ISEN ENTHALPY
(kJ/kg)

ISENTROPIC ENTHALPY

52.84 bar ab
476.80 Deg-C
0.10 bar ab

in_pr =Turbine Inlet Pressu

in_temp =Turbine Inlet Tem
out_pr =Turbine Outlet Pre

2548.19 kJ/kg
26.85 Deg-C

out_enth = hsspt(out_pr,ou

fraction of steam

p = in_temp*pow((double)p_ratio, (double)index)

index = (iso_index-1.0)/iso_index
if (nat iso_index=1.3
else if iso_index=1.35
else iso_index=1.035+0.1*dry_fract
where;
natur nature of steam
1 : superheated
2 : dry & saturated
3 : wet steam
p_ratio = out_pr/in_pr
p_ratio = 0.0

ISENTROPIC ENTHALPY AT TURBINE OUTLET (kJ/kg) : [out_enth]

in_pr =Turbine Inlet Pressure (bar)
in_temp =Turbine Inlet Temp. (Deg-C)
out_pr =Turbine Outlet Pressure (bar)
out_enth = hsspt(out_pr,out_temp)
where;
out_temp=isentropic_temp(in_pr,out_pr,in_temp+273.15,1.0,1)