Solutions Manual

To Accompany

Fundamentals of Momentum,
Heat, and Mass Transfer, 4e
By:

James R. Welty
Charles E. Wicks
Robert E. Wilson
Gregory Rorrer

C.l1APTf:.R ,

IF ,)IE: Co/VVcte.S/ON rr'1C70R/

je

1.1 n = L/ 10 /i,,;,
V::''''; J< ~ R-r = /.32 x 10'" il1/5
>(

r(

A=

16 3

USe.D,

csk35 j.

~LOl.J PROP~RT/g s:

I.S

;.,,/-

IS

~ ~[

20

SrR~S5 /

lg

,:. NA = -'- n OA = 1.04 x IO /s

PRE.S5UR.~

($~ADIE./v~

II~LocrrY.

= j~pi

1.2 'V P

cv'PCQJ b) = f'c

+ dP

II

d<j

Pi IJ ID 'PROP.Rrlz. s :

v;: [k(cos I siYlI +2)x

+ ~('51 Yl I Cos I ) y

i-( 51~ 2 ) 9]
[-k,\

1.3 'VT(.K; j) = To (.f

Ca5

-rt(Sit1 ~

t(

'5

~ ccsL, ~) ~

~)g J

51nh

\IT(a.).) :::: To k,[-b.(c.o~1

V7(o.) 6)=

CO'!>hl)x

in \ ~~h I )

Y]

-+- (~i." / )G.-l-')

2h
=Toe-~rC&>-:.1
L~
-to

~r\1 ( I -

::Tc, (O.CJ~:l~; +
1.>.1 /(Jt",1j) of 'PROB~~/Yf

12
-='

O~ PEo13I..~/IIf

)lO/f!OtS UV't! ocrs/

-:E.
::: [
vz

l\of 'S a

f~

~ ;:( ~!,\"
= -sin

'l

e);

e ex

I~ IS! e.~
GOes.

~j

Q. E. D.

9]
-

i:,2.);1

.1?23

e. s =-cose'"
__
de

1.2 WILL
IF

O~

<2.;r -

....

::::

1.:5 IS

~e

~)

/-10,,"04 t!/l1c.ouS.

13

1+ e.-"2.)';

p~;;J

e.'" r:2 ('"~ r Ix ex +l"

e r \ ~ e."- ~
= COS e~.x + sin g e.~

..

-r;, e.""~ [l~I~~+ e.-') 5{

2..

I. {,

[t (~f-2)X

.". \7PCQ)b):::;2,",,-2

/z./I1?:RA7U..e / D:E,A..)SIT~
PRS.5 U. REI =':>Pfl:.CII=IC
J.I EA0 SPEED o f Sou/1/D.

([.r

Q.E. D .

~''(\

e'"

<2.~

1.8

{L

aX" =

~
ax ~
or + ~
ax ~
ae

~=~a+~.a.oy
ay dt'
(39 de
r2= )(:1+Lj:1 )
9= 1:a.n-1
dr -

)(
2

= C:

II

ax - (x + yt)'2

~
a~

=-

= -

+ y~

)(2

r'

a)

=3

+ 1/gJ.

)(21.J

\7<1 =

I-X)

(6X'g)x r (3x 2 t- 8!fJ;

'V r/; (3) S)

= Clo X

.. =

e CZ!j
..
e "+ .
5111

f {,?

sine

("'51118:-

'('

.afr=
ay

/.1/

= cos e

("2

dr=sinG

Se

= fJ/i.
1'><' +~ (

~s

case
t'

(2..)(

\1 ~s

-sineL

15 IN THz..

60 0

lj'JeJ

DIRcECTIO/!/.

--r- ae

'1"~ =(!biY'q)e.A'

+ case L

-r(3X

[cos e cZx + sin.e a:~l

;;8

r"

cos

fiT THE PO/NT (3.1 5).-

a.x

1.9 'V = ~
;)x

Q.;:

Si~e~)

ax

d~!i

= (cos8?r +(5 ine.L

;;,

i. + a02

+L

CO~e ~ '\
rc}9)

of-

1.12

+ y!:- (- e. x
+ er..a..
ae
a.,.~

"". V=

Si118

1.10 MASS 01=' SOLID

x =p~ Vs

e)~

+ cZ~ case)

....

c2.e

FOR A PER F2CT CSAS/

P:;O KT

2e

FRo/Yl '?ROB.

.a... + er a2 .
A

=>-

= If Vs
= /- x

Vs

-X

X)

/- &

If

Vf

J./~

I - "om )(
A
.... --p -::: fJ", (/- X)

;;

(}E:1

FLUID == It

f'sVs +,4 V;

1-15 - 5'2.02 = -/3.02

fY -= I'm ( I -

dr +- f

/I

Sirl

;)2

~~

6"7 ~ )
(cas -(,O ~ + sin -60~)

~ Qc

=(ex case +-

II

V ~ " a.s =(90

p~

r?s

>(

RI

"M

1p:= A,. sinB (I -

1.13

a) V'1p:: d 'I' ~

()r

-Fi )

+~

~ ~9
r ae

:. -vP = AOSil1e(1 -~)

r~

~lvVI

~~

ffE?
de

_.J.

= ?e Ivlf'/

=0:

- 511'12.e (I-t-~)
+C05~(I-~:) = 0

5i"e case

FRo;n (2)

r'"

FoR. a;l 0"

(3")

(I)

..

oC

if

I O~ \~~$ l,v 9 /
A lO'r\~EA$E IN PI~ ~o

fOe

0;' sin e cos e =0

t.l7

(3)

1-

1'5

(I)

a~

r2.

(1.01):' 3CCD:; 217 AiM

AT Co~~ntNTlEMP,) .?""' \/

\1 m W"'~ m
MOL&:::u...A12. Wi;(ah'T. ;.tr

DEJJSrry::

2.~Q:;()'-, wt ~ W1~ \~ .
~ (lAwf>

:. 0

a=f"

,:: n

CS).L

IS

C/.)AJDIT/ot1JS

=0;

?2SO,,~1

j>s. l-

=2.5'10" ~(e~

IhI PasS/SL ~ ,

.e

Ji

L\(o

(2)

2~,,~

:.

r2;(l[
L 3

L-

- ...

?= '3001

. L/a"4 = 0
r':4

0" _7r

IAlTO

G)=O:

v: 2..

------------lAKE R =- i AnA. Wrm s:'&, : 1.01

-~.

,-,15

-(1- ~:YJ::o

. e --

LJ

2 r

=0

~ I\lIP! =0 : "!>lrleCOSe[C1 +~ f

A-

fL.2 -

-jfJv;.'-[~~r] ~

REQUIRES -n-tAT

WHIC.H

*-1 V7p/

ae

ln 3

.4Rs.

~lc;H

i=a...

AL.TrT'UDc

Utrt~ IVf\~

G Is CVr~~. n~ L~'(O~

CHAPTER

dP....

V'P=PS j

2./

~t... clP

R='Po. tP"" 5(\:2");

-p<]

"P2. = ~ t-PK 5 ( s") ;

"?.s ="'P<{
P'i = 'PA +Pw9 (~~) i
'P,", :: '?s
Po. -rPM ~(l~")=~+/tI3(2",)+~9(S:)

,..

= -pc:, e.':j

d~ e~

C' cl

Bl :'?a, -rpw g~~, '12'/- 2" -: tS'sj

':l

:. '"PA =- -Po. T

~~ = (JSn

2.5'" 'VP:::

@ STANDARD CONOlTIONS

f' = 1:>/RT
FROM ~.15

f1.IR=O.0"7651

FROM ~. 15 -Po..~

h-

==

s: ~ I ?S~

I.e.."PR e:sSURE

G'RADIENT IS IN THE DI'KEcT/ON

OF

I~~

(9 - a);

~ - a.).

I :5o'aARs ARE ..l-

TH E BALLOO"-l
CST'R IN6 WILL

ASSUME THE (~-OJ

t:>1'REGTlON.

,..

(21/ 6.2 1J.F/f/.2.)(32.1'1i.f 10.... rt/'5:2/bf)

2 T/6~9

5. ~ 17:5\

peS -a)

=211h.2 ~
fr2

- (0=((,51 Ihn1/A-~';('32.114

-PI ='"P.z

fr/s':J.)

.'. 'B,AUoO"-l WILL

MOVE Fo~WA'K!)

-0.

A:
2.6 EQUATING: -p 13EFO~E ANt)
D~\N6t

FOR A PER FEeT q AS)

2.2

-p

'"'P=pRT

f3=;;(-)T
2.3 ~=-dV

L\"P_
. - AV _ _

V -

.: 90
2.l.f

f3

=P5 ~

l:ica. ==

='p'RT =="P

ACc.:t= Lt:RI\"\O~ i
0

~
'3 To.

:=.
L1

P ( <j

-.Jo

;-0.) 'j Q,

<~

:. MANOMTC~ LEVEL
60E5 1:::>c)(.4J N.

d'P

=7
'

3000?S1

2.1

- 30"., oc)o-psi - 100

VOLUME CHANGE =

'0/0

A ~~
~3A
Of2TI-4!;,~JJ. A
Is IN 1n.2;
3J~ ~
MAt;

04.7-3?K ~ g~h/(#

MERCURI{

h,. 144 .11.7

tf4.7A

~~ ./'2.2. -= 2.2\ ':: 2'.c; 1ft.

If

2.6
A

Hg

q -= ~ -JOlt. ~ 10
Pc ~~+Yu20a~

ST~JJG troM 16wr A

j

~ ='B.. - d l ~ j'H2.0

'PD '" \/" -Sllff ~ I

5ru2rtA-q

B- ~ "J~ d(1)- 5511;{j-IOgOt"0

Pp = 'iIM JOII. :O,6JH2-D

~ '" 'Pe-~,+dlfd3~~.Jd2Jf~
fuwtr~,

~
=:

2.9

~ ~ B./

qf({!5 ~~~/ ~-~

~-?g "'d2iJf~-(d2"d3)Off1p

~(I)- !':>'G24 =%.8fsP

ExPOt;$S"!M4 d IN .r~

Air

.~ -~ = SZ.7p'; =0.227 ~J
2JI F -= '?e.G. A - '?o..~A ==,oj 11 -(fR2
PH:J O = 1000 I<~/~l) h= 2W1) l<=.3~
F :: S~46 ~~/s~ =- 5"5"'-1 b N

1c.p. -= -vt

~., gt d, j 5'H ,.0'" Pa {d4 ~ +a~~9HJ

~- ~ :: (1-!i
1-~) ~ -(2 ):02 A
(2'Z \2~-

-t-

I~
1r'R2 2.tM

FOR A Ct~LE J Tlob:=

v1
" "le.. p. -

Ps= Z44,7pgf :: 1.70 ps I

2M +1rR.~

qrr'R2

2.0tl ~

q
C"fr'R
- "'I

(~~)

2./2

ASSlJh1ING, ArlY1()SPHERIC

TO 13HAV'

I DEALL

AIR.

AIR

&-~Q --ll
dg - r . ) "RT
LET

---

+ b~

tJlTH ~/VGN IN FORMI1TION,

T.: S30 - 2l/ fJ

dE. -

-g

dlj

fOP .dE 1; -p -

<3 h
2i{R

-p

10

"Po "::

2.4R

5"30-

$""30

ON TANK

"Pa.tltl. lTd~ _

=0

(I)

LVEL INSIDE TANK,

-to PH:1,O

FRoM

(t)

h- y =

1.27S" Ft.

ASSUM

AND

,](h-,:{)

(2.)

(2)...

(3)

ISOTHE.R.MAL

COM-

IN TH

PRESSION <:)1= AIR

ft.

2!JO

"P = P ai ",

5"'0,

"30.11". H~

.'. h. = q I g 2

._

@ W'ATER

2~(Y/h)

"PSIa.

J O. "

-1l-

(' -2lJd (':J/h)

1n. E =- :ili- /'1

-p =

Ptrd

~5
......:30~--2-J.!tl.ly/~

=0

D.} ~i=~

7;

--- -

TAN-

rg~

2.13

= :3"3-<j

5 UBST.

y=
.. h

:r: -.. --:'- - --_.- -

= -p [ ~/,qJ

VrANk

eo

-p~ +no.

of

ClI) I N (I)

G /VcS

CJ.12f+.I. '3 ~4 q..

b)

AIR

1'lr

='Pa

PJ:

=1':zz:

~ -~

To

I'H;1.(J Cj ('-/")

":J

. -,", .

i1 !='y = 0
p

r H9

=P....t- +

2.S'O+-f:

7rd2./J{

@ WATER LEVEL INSIOE TAN}(~

:: '1.63 psi
:. PoIN!

--

+-f'~ 9 (10")

= -L) a (~,'QrL). 'J (10")

rH" 0

"':-".

P = 'Pa. fnt .,.. ~H.:20 9 (3-g)

F = I q6 (3 -'1) -25"0

A HAS THE HI9HER

-P1?~:S5 UR.!. .

"I>y ANALYSIS

(3-,))

OBTAI N
.e o

F:

SIMILAR TO

(<<{

0..)

lf9 (h -4t-Cj)

lj

2.? FI.

Iq6 (:2.1) -250

== 293.6

gb~JdA

::0

C9 hIJ -1)(3 'I'f +;;9 !I :L-16~JiJ

4 ("

/bf

tJ

:=0

h = IS: I Y ff:

2.JS AS THE TANK CONTINUS TO

BE ?U5HED TO qREATR DE'P~
THE VOLUME OCcUPIED 'BY THE
AIR IJEcRASS AND 77IE

750UYANT FORCE

DISPLAcED VOLI.JM O~

250
~o9

)d'j

-Cj

if (4~_tjl) [G!(h-4+y)-~#Jld~

= 2Solbl

'BOUYANT FORcE

dA: (LJrr.

THUS DE-

CREASES.

FOR A TR.IANc; ULAR GATE.~

b)

H2 0

=0

1. 01 /f;3

h=

15: YQ"1

If.

!iSSUMINej AIR To -SEHAtI

IDEALL Sol AND ISOTHERMAL

2.11

COM?RESS/oN/

A (3 P. ) In -P(4.01 (j.. f)

~+m

.::z 'C..-fnt
Z:: '15: 'i'l'

f-(-J9

c)( 1. 0/)

Ii-.

STA8LE "posmoN

TOP WILL. 8E ('IS": i?~ 4. 01 ff3)

(M =0)

7Tlg;:.)

eo

~~ b

T()P J S

fI.

eM)

J6 ~

EELctU

M ~ C. '1f''3 Ll){ o.os-d A a

y
- 2 Sa ,- }(J. ~a dx L,.os

= fig L" C.e

M=
THE HEI6HT O~ nlE WitTER

Q.) FOR A REcTAN6ULAR 6Ar&)

d F".

~Mo

OBTA'N~D

alA

"BY

CAN 13E

INl"E~RATION

OVER ,HE CURVED SURI=AcE.I oR.

By

=0

<j(dF"w-d7=A) =

-0.0 31 (. :zo~ rad ) ~ J L

THE 130UYANT FORC

9 (h-4ry) -rPetIfCJ dA

-= L 6P'S;9'/ilL! + ~ ]

/2.)

Q;RESSUR~ 1~

2.11

h - Jll-g

d,4== ~'d~
clFw == [ ~

(0.045"" -

co-

LUMN FROM rHE DIF;::: ElEMENT

IS

Tl??ED
'POsITIO~

THE

~F~=O

LJ =I'IOIJ <3'71R2

FOUOWINq "RASONIN~:

F':J = BOUYANT FORcE ON suBMERGED LO<:i + Q, WHERE

Q= 'w'l:lqHT O~ \420 \N SHADED
'REGioN. '1IR~)

F~ = fJJ7r1?~ of" ('R2. - ~)1'9

=,.og~ (J +-4FJ .
~

J-

Q = C"R:1. -

,0

[7!' + I-if] =,f~ 7r

p~

~
1/:2,0

= ~ +J- =
JI

17'

b'

IfJ5

(SI/'JCE

F~ ='vJ)

J. 06'1

2.1'1

h == <i./5ft.
a.) FORCE 'R'Q'D TO l/F=T BLOC.K
FREE O~ BoTTOM;

= 0 = F -Flo -F ....
= F - (ow 3 22. ?S'+-Pa..+ ... 'P'~s'J

F~

- (3',. 3'x.S)A:

F= (3 1c 3')( 1'",,9 22.;s:.' +R+.o. +

gc,

+'Po.nj -r, h::.S'

F:: (3'x3'X-,S"')(A ~,,) K3'1C 3'JR.+ ....

:: (ll.';)(-Pyy:;. 6 I~/R:S) +f9R"){2.J'&:.. 2 /~

=J9'{LfO 16;

CD~~~ ~rtr"~ &u. HzO Us\&!- A~ ~LL T(!)p

y

b) FORcE 'REQ'D TO MAINTAIN

FREE Pes/noN:
2 F~ = 0 = ~ -(3'x 3' )(,S'),4 9

AS'SllM mows :

.5";.g)
10

32/1971bf

-(3Ix~')[o4

2.21

01. ~

12:= #
liP d F". llpdA
dA:% z:~

eSWledf}
1-

llf-.: 5'1 (h-kbso<+~~)

dFlf ~dFa:>5e

h ~ ~fim"
(h-~+~)sm~

Z7reSd

dF
dT

C(

(~-~\t~ t 2(\+aJDC)

"PRoVID(:::.D

'REMAINS

=- 'F

VOLUME'
C.ONSTANT

Fa =0

INVERSL-V WITH TEMPRATVR

OF THE /t1R. AT CONSTA-NT
VOLUME.

'2

~~ e~0(+2Q

Q-fQJz1)

'3

2.2.4 5.~.
I. 0:25
~= I.O:25"!2,gh..

SWI,"l.()(

'PIcL Q:)~

'5(t"\ D( '"

@ If" rn.

= (I. 02~Y /000'3..

V9. 101m V /8 nf)
>>is''
sa.J....
'/

~~~

"/'-

rJfct

::: t. ~to

X/O /,

/760 kPa...

'" ~ a.

-n-: 11- rJid" + /-+ (1- V%t.)3~

2.25

----=--:.~

3DYct ~

"'-

'

E.>c.?At-JDHS<i IN S'tslZrfS5
1_

.Ii ~

2.

3 D~

(/[)

-+

fc ItI;.)rL

L~ (t llf-

/J.P" J"20 6l1.k

~ d:34~

h ~ 0.28/0 rn.
.J"D

~
=tfge
de. =L)9
r
0

(A'P_d(A~)
)0
e~'w,e
-A~

~ :::

- , . - - - - - - - - - - . . - -Fan- - 0.30 m

nZI

2.22

=:E.

I'v =;~

BoUYANT FORCE VARIES

= -

'rJH~

2.23 "BouVANC V FORCE =

6%

=(!,.q~cI~
l,:9-,8

999 k19.B\ Wl (?2')""-.

::. 2.4G

m~

$~

10'1

Pa..

z:

/-,49 n
~~

tj~ = -,13 in (1- ~

if"): 3 00}oook{i-.O'fq

:. J'P = ILl 190 P$;

DENSITY RATIO

~ 'D'J::~ Is~
~TfUSRA;~~

..e = e.~ff= UW11/

~

AN)DlUe.t1R; \VA~ tbwN~.

fJ=l.tJ~7~

lsT~~~.
~{sT~~~.

Po

T.

)(ls~Dt~~
~E.~10 T~ ~~TU5
\VA:Jr;e ..

AI THe.

~-~

(1 IZ

THE

EARTH}

z:.:R

B,i?H~~::: 1?""~l"q~)f~
'UT2.

CENTER o f

Pc ::

~~

Ylla3a - ~~6~

r;.+n\

NEGLECTINq

== 7O.fo7- 15.~ .. 55.1 pJ

=- P90 R2

ffjo

~+,."

:: ~ 6 '1 /()10~ .9.107'"

ml

6330./0

352

x/o9

",

k::,
m5~

2.2'1

:-IT

H,.,O

+t

MUO

p= 4 '5(u9~ 1ftl

10 '

t=A -~~ =~'J 12

'Pa -Pa..,"", = 2l/'j
'Po" -H.tM. =

"'B

24 j

:=

-1-40, = 6L(j

,ag ~

PAS -Po..~ = I.l ~ 12

H:z.O

F oRC.E
f=::

~k.!.'3~/1+.3

p= 2

12'

+tE J (f-12)
lit

/ UN IT LEI{6rH

f (p - Pa..n..)a'A

r:

f=

~= C~ 9 f df +f~j'2 t(! j(l-l2})dc

12-

F'=Pw~( Iq2 kl)-t-~ ~ (s-OJi.'1

F::.2~ ,/9; +l/'9'S'o

10

= 18,790

Ibf

TO FIND L.OCATION at:

=Ptjc.H~
::z

"'EED ,0 KNOW' C.4 PosrnoN

AND THEN TAKE MOMENTs.

=fJw9 (~6 f20l{O) +-~

=

~7 ___

j (2.q~3 -20L/O)

A ~h.t

~~~

FREE !BoDY
(FORM INCLUDED)

NoW ZM"

A H'"
.::.

~ESSURE FORCE =~<.H(t+~

AREA

F:z

Fa =f'9c

[2rH t~
2

to<Jc.
:;z.
z,-l.H + 71:a.r3 - bT(,-3 - 11 ('3
Z

= f +:. +-Jf:r3
"f tf1
rr

,:;I.

- 7Trl "riO.

1.1...r:!
H"

==

+-A

if = ~ t- ('[~(-R-) +(~y r~l- ~1T" - 1]J

q=

& - .E.c;:J
2.

SO

'DISTANCE FROH BoTTOM

=~(3e 2!:L'J.

=~(~ H t~ 4r tJfr,=i( 0.1-1 +-5,'")

ZF~:.o

=0,

lJ

-r J

-fXJ4!:1-'1. - A

CANCEL

:3

,',

"

"-~ 1Ir 1+ 7(J. r

MAw -f'~.. ~(2 rt-tl~+f'Sc. (lrH - ~1~ f.2r)

T!j
Ij,

FORCE=f'~H
Am ~ 2

ZFx- =0

:2

::I'Jc. ~"t S"o..rol. + !] rl

2! M)
2.30

r.."

2-

ff:

IS". 3S-

~t-C{5'_3~ Tf'<3 ..
T,
~'~'I
r+9

2 'i~ '106 H-'/bf

2 ==

f'<3~"!fr~

;z.J

F. =f'Sc. [2 rH - ~J
2
.

I,

*+

r[~(R-) - 5,lH(JtY].

CHAPTER L/

1././

FOR C.v.

=10 ex rJil ~j

o
V=

A UNIT VEcTOR IN -304 DIREcnON

~I

IS

I
e"'_Y3A
- 2' ex -2

e.

= 1. 66

=f' [112 o.ve.. A;l -

DIRECTION

~,..

!J
.~/ofZx +I'I~)

1J2

\1")(

>(

/0

10

d'J =2>f
'J = }{2

>(2 _

/0']

+6

o.lI'c..,

fps.

fp:..

= :Y..
/0
V;= .of,.,
.,.

C j

q1r

)oRq(l- n) :2'rrrd~= 0

=I 2

R:2. (f-.,"- -I)

~

..

11 (1.5"~

$ fps

l/.'1

l/. 2 {} = 10 ~x + 2 x .~'J

0.) ~ = ~

(I-fi)

)5('.s/,Cv.MdA = )fA/,(v.r1)dA

~~

e v-- (Y3"
1 lZ:s
2" eN -2

= 5"13 -

'i

+ ~~A1P(V-~)c:lA

COMPoNeNT IN

k fVdV =0

f)c.s.f'(v.nJdA ...

V =IO~ r7x l,

AT (2,2)~ {j-

SHOWN;

[J'--'-____

;::w

(2, I) .'. c = ~

=0

He.s. f'(v.n)dA::"
))Ai f' (1Jn )dA + ),40 f' (V-. n)cl A

= - f)A', fJvdA

(1,0)

Q= IT

~.

=,q, , it
- ,/
lie - ..,

.~

V;

)(

,.,,3

::.

r- - -

i~-

JJA.

= -~/J"Ah +~1.T~s30"A)o

)~2J

Yl

+ (( pvcos30acJA

~ CONTROL
I VOWME:

-- +-~-r!'

L.. _ _ _ _

12

= Ao
A:

,,;;.
("D~"30

= 1/6. /9

= Avo = o. S'S-S' fI?,s

=0
fps

:. ~ T
dt

=Al 'LJ + 'TrD v-.!:..2

2.

V-

= V-(-n:~1 +1J' 0 L)

2L

'

= ITrO,,/q 'XV;) ==

V;

"irDa

- 3. iLl :: 0

-,q.:z.t)

=~(l-e.J;iI

Z33 I~

M=

I='O"R t = '00 ""i""

S = 15'0 Ibrt\ ..

I + "'D

r~

let. 2 5
M

-t: =:>

F'OR

0..)

oJO

S
I 6 b. 6 Ib"" ..
(t.l
(S::z _ _
d;.,..s_ __

1.1-1 ~/s

= Js

Jl; dt
,

b)

3. ~q - 19!.3 s
tI\

= -1:1
.,..
,Q.4

t 1 -t I

3.Zl/ - ~ 5:,
M

'3.!q -

= -~3.S' k

IQ.2 5
r;;;,

0.39 :;; 6() mt'".

/.S'I

:.

~::

/;/) rniH.-4.....----- c)

",(

L( ~~S-)4-G~tl + .
1)"=

l{. -;

IF THE PLutD VOLUME IS CONSTANT;

Q = 12.1" cf~

6)

a.)

12.1(,

'7r(fft

IQ.2 '2

o.:l

(1Y-)=
0
?lfl
/

0.2,

-.

5'( 6l/)

= 320 fpsl.

1/.9 STEADY I=LOW

M:" 70TAL MASS IN TANK

5:: SAL7 IN TANK AT ANY TIMe"

If~s.,o(fJ'.n)dA =: /9.2(F)
- 2(f. 92)
M

ffL

A., (

.r. Jfc.tCv.n)dA:.O
oR JJc.s
(r d (p-.rft) = 0 . pA =c.onsi.
)

~t

~ c.v. pdll =

V; (~

11;.:: 2 ( ..;fr) 2. = 127 fps

.2.M=o
IF-"

cit 2

AI if. = A~ 'Vi
1.1,. : V; ~
=

ffe.s. ,o(o-.n)dA + ~ 5f{~dV ~ 0

fL:$.,a(v.n~ = mout - w'irt
=

dVI

dV/
de

== 5.~~ fps

d (evA)
~ V-A

!fl

= cJA f EY-r.:!..E:::. '0

:. Q. D.

13

"IF

,0

p(v.\)dA +

rrvpdv= 0

~c.~

Cos,

'STEAOy F~w

K
~(-o-.n)dA = -1'11; (6cO +
lb.,.
13J

WtHoRlc.

~. d M
di:

+ Jr
nees d rn =0

:.

~ E 0

+ 2.

'"to

'1.1/

~ l~",-; v. =0
~LIIP.

Vi

WlHOR\e

=f

tit HOR 12-

=-;:rll; (.3d)

1.1,; (6d)

jl ]!;. .ydy =0
3d

-f>1I; (3d)

I"' -;( 1 'j "I

fls.pCi/".n)dA

-1"

;~av ~O

o
CONTROL VOLUME IS FIXED TO
WAVE FRONT
MOVES WITH

VELOCITY v,.., TO THE R If$HT.

-,.0. A~ T~ A (v-m -1I;.J

=a

:. 112 = Ym ( I -~)

v =f

'/./2

= ifmo.x"

'11 R~

LET

;z

-vdA

~ == 21'L b == -2"oL v, b =-v-

SR 21T'" L'rt - R'J,..lY7 dr

~t

=%

de = d

('

) d ... == 2 W,side = 2

YR

v-= 2~Jo ~(I-zf' de

LET

q = ,- &

". = - 2 vm

J.

0
(

d 7.

Lv =

1- Yl J 7Y? d Yl

a.)

=!1.J.v:
(,0
ma;x

.0
l/. 13

nr., d~

-2,aLv + 21' fob v d.!:J=0

THUs

=-d ~

if

fob

-u{ 'f)

-z.r(y)

d~

=!-AVERAGE' A CONSTANT

L 1.r = 14:vE b

= o. ilt'1I"mc.x

"VA VE

~I

b) 1T (ej)

=L v
b

= c. ':J + Cz <j2

TO DcTE"RHINE C; AND Col ) USE

'4

80UN DAR Y CONDITION S:

V"~) = V,."o.x

LJ"(h) = 0)

+ C2

0= C. b

11"mo.x

C,

b~

b .,. Cz b2.

"2

.. C, :.
11"

1/

l/ V",&1L

C ...

=-~ 11'

wrCJ.X

b2.

~ q V-*~" [t ~ (~t]

slnce
v~~:::

-!:L.::...::v:.--_ _

q
LET

Lb[t" -(f)jd~

1 = ~b

1).,.,"0.)(

= --.:L::...::,1/-,--_
l/ b

V"..."'....
,,-"'

=C-V d~

LV

1'(t - '-J cJ ~

= .:22 bLv

yt

4.Ju,

4.16~~r--t J
2 ern

----t>-

- -....:.--,
,Scm

L_~

MAss~ ~::

CV.-;

- -

,
I

4crfl....J

Zern

MAaS nPw 0,"

").

1~'16~ 1TQ6)2.1~~O-'~
~

--1

r ----;

" .~::- .- - f-.:

-J

2-

tQ, 2J Az l12 ~?AiUJ

Uj

~ U".5 ~ +rsclm. ,,0

c~

IT d';" .. tDJ
Cs.

.j.

5' Qu:.tlc: ~

~ =-j'A.V=-ywV
~

_____ J

~;(I'Yo~f~-l~3"!j25 ~
V,3=5.15 ~

Vs

CD f + QL( -:. ('ltV

~AsS ~ lA\ ~ Mm Jtor,., <lJr

2

O.8mrn.

USlN~ llwSEBVRlON (): ~

As W2t1T9Ilu~CM 4.10

dt:

B.l5" w.~

t
t

QL : 0

V= G>'tI : 1.91 CM&-

i; QL ~ 0." V: ~.'fw.: 1.1 ~

A.ZZ

~ MowQre Is ~

lr~~sltr ~.12

"''i.=j\rd2 .. o{~(eo-<)dlo

V.e :: ~:,""
Q= '-'4Ii
(0
...

I>

kr ~oh \l;1J,.=fV, =IZC~

I

@BaT Vsc:nt (1f(G,~

~~ j' 21l'L b V~t-r

4: Vec,er ~ v l-~ b
~~Is~

lTtJar=4lT~(~

-Ctr;

~f~~4.'2!2

I lfe2'1fLd"(
~

4.24

n1.lA7r " f

:: 5'! 'iTL blf~

~

00

17

lf~: ~b.
4 b

~~

CHJ\PrE'R S'

5'.1 ffc.s.p(O.n)dA

5: pv,dx ::

2 [p~lfdHJ.:C~ dX]

=26. "1 fps

F~ =271 Ib(

IbM ~
lb~ Sa

RELATIVE' TO THE BLADE:

V;

lJ

Sfc.s. ~p(v.n)dA

f: (p, -~ )dy - DRA~

(

-1/

-,

5.5"

V;=>J
=~,~

#-

...

+ V b\o..cl~

r - - - -'"1 ".5"~

~f'@.o)~

= 189 p~f=J.31p; =9.MJ<A:,.

J8

L "

~.,. dm

SJ~CS FROM 5:t~ ~ 3 vI)

=t" (J79.e

...

o -=-(1",)(.,! .,~,)(8OO ~) = 179. g Val

P,-'P-;a.

t-4 blo.cle

= - (~.~ eX - ZOe~
(0 I = 77. '6' fps

=,Pf1(v;xf c:/x+ 2fv,'dx'- f!r.'~

=f'~.~..t + 2V;2.

= v;. r~l.

=(34.~x -~)+40ex

ASSlJME VN IT L NG-rn

= -40fps ) 1.& = 40 fps

AT THE LEAVIN6 S:CTJON:

...

2i I

=- 72.71bf

IF BLADE MOVES TO 12~ AT rSf?:;

=50IOlbf

:. ~ "'l1..".:l

~ i='j

V; (I.OZv;.-V,)

'32. H l./

(-l/)

F"'j =(DvAk v;. Sin(-30 e) = :-SI' Q.15

=- ~030S" ~XIO.UJ-A300~X6i8 ft)

5'3 Xl=x =

= Az. V2 = 3ff%

=I'Q~ C~)+pQV;.= Ig'''f~

vz

=",A

I=x = (pvA), V; cos (-.300) -(0 vA),

= f>A~2. -~A V;2

I'A (1.0 I V; )" -flA v,:1

I .. 25"j'p$

Va =~ = ZS fp.s
I=~ = Kc.s:.V~ p(v.n)dA

=fls.VXp(v.n)dA

== -~

F~
Q =Al~

.: ~ ::' ; V,

Tx

r"

=0

#v, =3~

5:2 1?l(

ill

Cov.

f-

~---0-J

=0

~= /S7.t ~/s

=1-66> Ibf

caltlTROL VOUJME MOVES AT

V= 4.S- ~

e.x.

MEASURE nUID

.: THE TENSION IN TIlE ROPE

VELOCmES RELATIVE: TO TANK

~9

= COs30~

= FoRCE' O~ FLUID BVTANK

~I='x = 2.. ((( v~M + (( VKdm

dI: J))c.v.
J)c.~.

Bx

P, A, - fi A2 + I='x

FLUID IN TANk #-lAS 0 VEL/JC.ITlI

R~LATIVE TO <::OOROI NATES
Bx= (O)dM -m:l.STI=(157. }~)
a:f
:s

-B x .::

= -404N

Fx

((( ~M

~~v. -';) -

11"'1 OF r=WID

+a-JJc.s.

l~ TAWf<

Vy

==-1 A.2 ~ ~-;: A, 1I,.l

=;:; Q (Vi-1f.)

-liD;)+K =1'~2(*~ -k)

=--1f (P'D,2- P"~~)+~f'Q:a.(k-~

ATM05PHE'RfC

PRessURE

= p.~ -;: 50 posiC)

P2 = P;2.~ = 5" p-s1S
F - -171(so.lq~XI)-(5'IL/I{)--L-l
~

=0

x - 7lC

II(/N

.:z3.O#fJ

+;f(O.i)(J.94X 9 )(;23.0~-I)

~=-I/Il ~

+ 392
- G238 U,f

:: -5"630

:. F"x ~

r-----,--

""':'C O

i E3 :
M

,,2 ,

<D
Fa ::' 60 PSf''l

A~ :: 0. IS";po

~~JC =fb:,.yf'(\i-")J~~dV

:: ?~.'i psi~

D. =3" :: . :lS"'

=i()(J ~oJ/mit1 =. iCJ 2 R-~s

P2, = 1'1.7 psi ~

&= Jo. A, v,:r. +-f':l~ ~~

=,oQ (Vi-V,J=I'Q (~ -

b FX ~ .[l::J

5.:

<DL ____ J@
Q= Atr=
A,=O.2SOQ.:a.
~

lbj:

CANCELS. . .

drn

=-(rn )( - ~OT )=(/57.1 ~r07~

D12

SINCE

o
B'j

~(p.

1<>4 N

Z~~=~

215

~ zt=J(:: ffc.~. vx!'(v.n)dA

==-if(vx M) +(-m)(2. S"7J %)

X-{:2.57/~)

~)

O2

::-

~ Fx

= ,oQ1. (-k. - :k,)

19

t.s ll

=KG'S.

Vx

pC von)dA

Jr ("'P. D. :z _ n 0::1.) _r:"

LI \

'r

S ~

f
-,;p (1.

LJ LJ(i1.{L _J..~

-iff'

rx

\~ OJ.,

Fx = (?I.;r. 9-/11.7 2.25") lbf

9L{'Q ~l{

FA'

=5'02 - 9f.1 =

5:9

~,--;-~~V;

.qr) 'bt

L,J() Ibf

=JL.s.~f>(1/nkIA +~~

ZFx

== P. AI - 'FiA~

['.5 ~f'(-v.nJd4 =f'~ ~lr'~S VltAjYi~

p.-~ ;O[V;l-

c.v. @

(f)

5.12

;;---~

F[:o:

:l - ~i1f;?]

::eJl

#////77///7/7177////////77//1/

BY CONSERVATION OF MASS,
(( fJ (v.,j)dA :::0
Jlc.s.

FOR COORDINATES F"IXE"D TO THE CON

TROL VOLUME;

1'~'Vi -~(As~ flliVj) =0

ZFJ(&' fl'S~,v.n)dA+~dV

~ :: ~s lIS +~ 15- :: :!'1(iO/ps)t:~'{~

ZF;c= Fx

a) ~
h)

(( VA','(v.n)M

)}c.,s.

= li+ps

Fx = fJA(v:Vc )~(C05"e-I)
TI4'S IS THE FORCE ON THE C.v. AT

B. - P, =If(Jt :7{1oa) .. '.0;(<10)1

l

~.I"W

~ -p.

=lilT psf ==

~76~,

THE' WHEELS. FoRCE ON VA NE

DUE TO wATER J:LOV,RK=pA (1T-1JC):t(j-~os~)

POWER TRANSFeRRED TO VAllE j

P; Rx V"e ::. pA 1JC (v-lJ"J' ( 1- c.cs~)

lOO ~ - "---::;~
~

--"',---'~}

';'i:2"'~~JsA

LET m= 1rc/v-

:3~

p= "A11'ttt (lJ"-1J"nt)~ ( I-GOS~)

F=

k5. vccs6dm=(-z-oX-i.Jz

-::- FaRcE ou

F'LUfO) ALso

ow

=PK1f-}.f) Ga~e]2A
- P [ v-- v;,]2. A

FCR

"Pmo..,c.J

I-~Ht +3ttt =0

PU\l~

20

1:

=0

:. m= I aR ~

ttl:::

as MIN1MUM

v-*

.~ FOR "P='P~J
=~ ~a.)
THE VANE I~ AlTACHeO To A
\VHEl of RADI(IS ... ; NoTE TWA1
ALL MAss HITS CA'RT

Mj == I'Av-r[1Tc.. (I-'-DSe)vc::ose-~

COAISERVA-not(

:: I'Av-r (/- case X"t1C -u-)

V,A.

m= VC/v- ).
?= ~A v- 3 ( , - ccse)(m:l.-m)
@-o'
dMot -

nl -

.: FOR -P-P,..,ClX

clc:N

Q.E. D.

-11

= /rv;.2A;. -;0 1{lA,

=<

b)

REA'RRAWGINq

(P.-~)A, - ~ (A;l-A.) t- p (~-t\)

-f'9A<1 y =- /Y A, v,-(,;;:-tr,)

5:13

P. - ~
~M + 5d~

=If X

Jd~

=0

A2 = At +.AA

T/,'~

::: -~~

(UNIT

flz i +//"i-/iV;

As AV-o-+dY J AP-dP ~

A ~ A

l.

.A,

=0

~(1T"",-~) =fl';-~

MCt'\1ENTUM

-I )r'S ~ y

-AP .... (p-~)AA -~4Yf -;>v,IJ

CROS~ ~EGT10N)

~=-~

X=Vw,

t- (rs - P:2. ) (~

-= jJ1r, (~-v,)
~ = H r4"P ) -v;. =V,i'A1f)

CONSERVATION ~ MASS

2F=f-oolm
P.A, + ?(A:l-A.)-~~-~AASf> ~~

'"'-

=~A2

MaM~NTUM

IAA_

OF MAss!

So

(I)

(p-aJAA ~o
-dP _pgclY -=..ov-cIv
.1

:. dp of-;nrdv- t-~ dY :: 0

~ FJ( =: ~ if-cJM + ifd.-H

:::?t (~x&)- V;tf~

= ~ ~ l.C ~1f4 =~A (vw -zr)
"Pa-Pa

FROM (I) ';;,.02 (~-~s)

.:1i-P,

=A' It,1..[

CD

-A~1&

2.1

A1=' 0 TO? ",,:l

v; == 12 tvJ/s

A2., = .113<1 m':&.

LIi = ?'I{V tHis

R==

11 =1l.{5" J<P~

12i KPa.~

Q=

Av; -= o.3l/"I'4

/,Q= 841.1.1 k'~/.s

F)( + P.A,-~~ = 1M (u;. -11,)

Ht"l/s

Fr +P.A, -P~A.;\ CD'5I)-~(v;.cose-y;)

Fx =R" -=/,Q("5~e-v;).,.p~cose
-BA,

F'x= mClI:z.-t()-p'A, + P~A:a.

o;A. +~A:a""~ +Po..t-.(A.-Aa)-=o
0; A, =-Ii- -O',iA2 -l'o.~ (t\,-A.1.)
0; A, = P. A, - BzA.l -m(V2 -11,)
- o.iA;l - ?G..~ A. +~ilt'A:z.

R" (ZCff.1X-S".S'22) +1l/2~o - 9~9. 6

0-= L/922 ps;

g FJ( = If"V;c a.-H

(IE~SION)

::: S"OS:S- JJ
-~---=-.::..-----,

F'3 - ~A2 s;,,8 =;:JQ. (1{ sine -0)

F~ ~ "R~ -':jJQv;..s,'r18 .... B.A..1 sine

+r:a2
'R~ = H, 3GJS' N
31?$

Z F' = rc.~. vd m
R=

OUT

vdm - ( vd~= Fao~fE.

)n~

FLUID

= 2 fa 3Jf'~2(~)\~j
tiAj

R::'2,o~2d..,. 3p~~- 6/,v;, 2d

+ 'P.1 A2 - P3 A3 ::. ~ (\Jj -1,.1;.)

Fx = ttl (lJi -1Ii)-rf3 A:J -

:: -r>Vold

P~A.:z.

FoRcE o~ CVLlNDER.:

o-A +"R1"m (A 3 -A~) - F)(=O

o-A =Fx.-RiMtAs + Pc-mtA:z.
o-A::

m(Vj-v;,).,.(p~-Rn.,)A3

S'Jt

~-'P~)A.2

o-fJrof.)=E!'

(33ao) t U:~~(:l~t
~

3!U

SECTlON

o;-A,
~

0.) AIR:

lfw

= 1130 fps
slc..c.gs./Pf3

=Pal.{." ~ :(.OO:131XIl
-

N02lLE

-R=l't{/J

-~--

tJ;=10fps

A'P= ~ -P.

psi (COMPRESS/Otl)

A.UID

1'= O.0023?

- SHi. ~ ~(12)
0--= I Z2/

....

(MOMEN1UM
OUTSIDE'

SEC.TION

--;l, V;; 2 bd

t-f'ifo.l3ol

=:26.KQpsf

)(,q

30

= O. 116 'i!ps;

b) \VATER: VW = 11100 fps

p:" /. <t3'l "5/W3S./ f+3

CD

2Z

~rp= (l,q37X 41100)( 10)

= q,} oi'o psf :

~'33

to..l1o(

ps;

e. =

a)

FoR AN OBSERVER. M() V/~ AT

~('&-I)

3M/s} THE SITUATION LOOkS UK'

(looafl 'l30}(3)

1.2 in

---

= 4287 KPc.

L..- _ _

F~W EM z =ffcfxOz)c1ti

To TH E: IMPe:LLE"R

~--Lo=-

I .'---'"

"THE RADIAL VE LOC.TV

TT J~

I-------=r

IQ30 w.J.s

5:20 FOR STEAJ)Y

vb)

'3:1. J74{

W/HcH IS :nJs.r LIkE! PRaa. 5".13.

Vw ~ 11133 mIs,

~ P == r'V",./A'V=

= (t. ?lX6'IX 2 I. 1')

LOAD

~lfw-3 4-V"~-3 ny~

=

125"0

~ F c }c:s.vdm
~:= J. 71 cfs
v= <S2.M
V': (i?fX I 'lei) = 2 't?(. fps

VALVE OPEN

SINCE
Vw -3

oc == 3So

AXIAL. L04l)

S.!1 3 ~

~O

=;l<l.11
3E:' =.?03"

I c.v.

----y

AT 12 RELATIVE

= <51

~:' &CO~. \( ~)(. ~6S"q fP \

\"- K11f\ ) \

bas

cy.1

= 10. ;J.1:l tp!>

~ M~ =M~ TCR'<UE ON ~PRJNI<LE~

THE ABSOLUTE" VcLoc.ITV (TAN6EuTJ

I3Y SHAFT:

= Qr;- ~

{{

=82.38-/0.~1;) =-1'J.17fps.

'I

t ~= 10.21'2.

-.--

~."5.

M, = -2l'Av 2 rfj

8.2."38'

= -2.('2.~1)'Tf( ~f(C(OO)!s.

VR~IO.""''l.

TORGU E:

= r~ 'tflS5.

T~ .l . ?2./? .!d12

32. 1?II

I ; x~1 ~ p(v.y,JJA=2(p Av't-r;lJ)

f' VR A

<jc.

= - 1. ~ U:)f-ff

. Io.:u~ {2frsY- 'J

14{C/

2()1/. 7' i+-Ib

f
1=bWS< :: WI = 45: J" np

5:13

T= (rxv)d.t:. =- "'R(\lt'si~
-w~)'p2Al.fr

1= Mf
Mf =2AfJ lIr R (vr 'Sit1ol. - wR)

23

s~ ~

i-- 3'

~ t II I
+' /" ----1

XM2 = ff~s('-xV~ -~o)l'(v.A)dA

:: sq3 r( La (v)-t dr
= -~v:l.t [rP5]~=7'V~t(36)
-\I

~
.::l..

bt'

.: M~

/') g L.
I.:t = c~/

=595"8

. =~out
-

mitt

plfh = pv-(o. +b)

:. b-o-.

=hcosO(.J

=h

b = h( 1+ cascX)
2.

= 4-;~
-.
0.

ft -lbf

b+o..

-=

h (I - cos ex. )

:2

ZF"~ ::-

V'j dm

, _I _+_t_f_I_ _
I IVs

F:pv2. h sin ~

b) XMr :: )(0 X O)z dWi

~-v.

F"~l

=~ 1!f'Va -~ V";,vb

.:: pv 2 hsiYloc.R= ~,Pv.J i:lf'V.:l.

2F =1k<iyp(v n)dA +;t}[2pdV

o

,,_
I ,
(o.':l-b~)
.{ - 2 h ~l"""'-

FaR caQR'DI NATE F=1X'G') TO cAR

=J:lI(.Y-2coso(-f ~ ?f-2cOSc(~

I,." )(- DIRECTlotJ Z Fx = l;

r(

V;r

C'5

,LXO.n)dA =pAj
11 (-'1>
..

-f'Ac V~ (-ve.)

. .

&~)fc.v.

V)C

pdV=:. ('(Ae Vs

:.FK::f'[Ac.V;Vc
I)J

1I

f= 11 cotcX

:-Aj~')(O)

-Aj1f2.]

y- DIREC.T/ON l:F~

-= F'j

f~c.s.V'j p(-(J;')dA :: 6oA~ vsX-~)

;- CfJAi Vi X0)
~

fcr v. IJdV=O

dl: )J)c. v. Cj r

:. F!j

=,0 Ac. vs:z.

. FORCE OF FLUID ON CAR"

2 h sino(.

R= -~

24-

H2 = h~

+ 2 v-:1 n/9

H -= Yh~+(2V~hY9

R=

? (h2 -L:a)-f'h~(1J[ -I)

529
Q,~j)()ny

V. h( =Vz h-zM.o~UJ-.1

~h.I~n.Z= ~Al)~

?"'

So hjz ,~ =5'0 h,h

Wt,AlilC

:z

Jv, hi (V2 -V,)

~.-i~~" ~V.hJ (V2 -V,)

~GNnw(rr V2. 2~h/h~
b) USING CONTRoL VOLUME-lI)
~Fx= f(t:.J(xl'(O-.J1)dA f~V=i'
o

ZFx= P.A, -~Az. -""R=YnAV}(

1=1h - P:lL -1< ~ phYa(~-V.)
R= Pah -~L-,ohv.2('X-I)
F'ROM

~1... ~I-Ya.

h.: th, h~- 2 v,\~ =0

~~h2

~l = ~ (~-"("'-~f
gh,\

-0

~ ~U1i).)vrrY

p=: ~ ~i"c:X 1. )

-P. -=1' <j 11

HYDRO"STAT/C:~

='f)

dn~ (ft>~:) =V;~h, (~,-h~

1~'~~ {1~~V;~k,)

1.=f' 1,. =~

Vz =

:z

L5

5."3D
USD..r:;T~

r - - -,
l~
,; I

~L~j.
M=s>A h Vz -

;
f:~~1I
It:

n:

m, '" gAV: -~ AIi L _k'

~ + *dt<A, :.0
c.v.

.
gA n-- sAtt:rD

~
~(J\Jtff1 ls SAr{~USD
tv1~ LUrr14 t A$ +

L f(f " ~ -t ~lJ~dM

~~~5 _Asas ~lQAL

-~~~+sA %ih~)fh2
~u:r Is

'k

TAk:l1J<l ~ ~ 6

W~Tb>TW6~

-3'P2 A4T:3V SAV

- 3'4~l ~T

= B.S
R-~bF

T :: 40.3
5,~

r - - - - - --,
2

_+

v,----+-

L-

e.v-)J - - - - - - -

-t

Hg

roo. TH& C. V. AfDIE

L~: ~~d~
~+ ~ A,-~At% ~(V2-VI)

-~

fj~ V2 ~ ~Sf;{2~ Of

~J~~~JD

5.3l

~.~~~

'9, -fz :Tf4Js ~ k ~

-rut;. c~v. Af!CM5

USWG

Wrrf4

I I To TH-g ~(~Ha>w)

LjM~ :: JCcrxu)t>e
dM
'
l:

m01n~

y~

Pc +Jwa(L4-t)= ~tS'-t+~tz~-~ ~~(J~fJw)

:z

V ~ ~ := ZL19 +t.;~

, A:

o:=>&T~~~*
~ Is (Ll~ ~ As g~~)

+l:

=O.442 W~"L

=71.~~ \ZPa.-

~
'J'
Q -:::.A,V, 'Z 'IT (.08)5
=0.02.51 mi
4rh: gQ :z 2'5_15

tzrs

V2 :r V, ~~J

'" (2.8 M,i

~ 2 m(V2-~)+~-~)A,
~

19<O ~ 3) 55coN
"2

5.??J

WL W =

15 Cbv~
~CUT=S<4Xt)LO st~

tno..q

= eo]

SUSCE

~S~

mOOT

::I

:2 5'0)

s/~

fJ-dY
o

= 2J152

fa-cps ~'( }:IY

()

~2glJ2[Z-~]
~: lf2 = ~ 1!4'[-8

:z

55.0 ~~

2..7

CHAPTER b

FlUID APPEA'Rs TO BE H;z. 0

ASSllME' NO 'PHAsE CHAf-IGE;
THEN '2.-r,)
11 - LJ
V-l)
.1.- I
,I

I--~

6.1

CD

I I.Z..,.= 22 -2

---,

P,=:/S-'"~L
0, =.25 Itt

-t-_ J

IT

'

~::

175"KR..
D:z=alS'2 ~

WORK

,. - ~ S(et !)d.;,+ ~ rrC..:;{dV

J~S.

~~-

:. -1r= (et ~J ~ -(e rl), m

=~[,lU,,-U, +~~-u.2.
R
:l
2"- + ~'i + ~(~-i')J
';"I

S/ijCE

12 =- T.

U 2 .: U,

,/

m =f'Q =1025.'2(= 21S.2Sk1ls

V,

=AIQ =4.278

V'-

= A'l
Q = 1/. S7~ m;~

M/!)

P, ~ IOl/3Jdt- IS",HjAf- '3~'!?I;)

oJ

:M.92

il1 ~

'i/~ 32 b Po.

cH

'2C
=~J1916

T U

<H:
d <-\

W\

~t

~
dot

:z

u =CvT

homl~1
n

= (n o - u) WI IN

C", II =(C p To -Cv ~Es.)0Av ),N

flV

dt

SU&STITUTION YIELDs
~$W

de.(

n-\

AI.., =
5

35.9 KLJ

MIUUS SI~}J I NDICATES WORK

INTO FLUID.

~=

(; To -1R)CAv)'N
V
V

To :::. ~N

1"

V,./
2Cp

::: S30 ti'I()J~{J. 35ST:1')

'B.p..

(:) X. 21(){ 32.Jr'() f.l.lhf/'os"l{t(xl()~j

=- >31.01

~R

~ = (1.1{ 5'31.0{ -5"30)71(~ tOlo)

~t

::: 2"'. io/

=

61!J "E
'5

10

6. 'I

sa _J'fAl
.:: ((ore. + ~ )(0 il )dA
cit )lC.~_

de

- [lJs = M~f'Pl. -~q~ + 111 :I._l{t+- ~~l

de
[- (->9
.2 'j
IJ

r~ ((f 4dV
~t

>f.v.-'

JL.ie~ +-'%)I'(v.n)dA =0

=(lXr.:J.l/) .trnO+b)/I{I(.r, t 53.7-:2'.0 +51

~L- 62.1./ 9'" t;(32.J~'I) j

- dW.s
=2?iS-I
dol:

tri. +t(I+~ =f+~ t~~ r}

U:z. - (..(.

= P. -~
to

AT ::

?,-J=i
fJC v

=IOlq"

=: 5"D.6 hp

== C v .1T

c v --I

Ff -If".

~_ _ _ __

6.1

CD

Ib,.,eF

(fW-u----==----

= 0.029'7F

Ah:: 2.5' em.

'2.'1 (IX??l)

6s -

~~s = ~c~+-~)f'(O'n)dA

[Js

tit

= gQ. 6"5"0 = qo~ 000

. K2

ff.~tf

P. -B =25"",.

~ (e.T~)o(v.n)dA =/Avf>1- _~l.

~~.

10 2

== 2l(5'.;; I=b.
v/' = .3.&
= :2 2'15':2 = ~02
P
h22

+.! ('Po-~) +- ~ (l:\~ -'jA) + C~l

f'

Ps =- aws/dtt'ii tell'
-,-LJa (!.jA-~ )
AV
2 Tf- J
B

=(-2010

t 3 g 5"0 +- 3CJ 25" -I- q~7)

== G702 psf""

=~6. S" psi""

,7

li=LiO~

CD

V.:. 20. 0 I+t/s

Q = Av= 7TG3)2fl-O)
-q-

==

D-IO"

6.6

10/, 3:2S i=h./a;fns

10. 33 mH;.ola.+m

1?= -6ps'I~

29

5'0.0

ft3/S

s~

=I.t/I? mJs

-~w= I.:U~

de

M~'

I.'1l1m 3 20 2 ",~

5* 2

346 ""

= 0.465 hp

oR

MOMENTUM:
~ )A. = p~2A, -1'1f,'lA,

f>. -

SS

.3Yb KW

-,0 t!i '4 A3 ccs.G

P,-~
6.i ENERGY EQUATION - STE.ADV
,..:" hOI + 1IM31103 = Wt:z ho :{

v,AI(CvT. + ~~ t~)

A'S p=c/

V3 113 (C",

+ V.l2 r ~
2

AS

73 + ~3~ t ~3

= ~ A; ( C vTz

,.0

T,

=- 7;) p, ="P3

~2[43~
VI

-2

I ... Ihv3

2 b, c.osB
A.

A,V,

e= v T, l' ~ v,A, f V:.A.3) t A, v,3 t"A!.vf

,u

2:2

=V:zA2 (C 7i ;'2 +- ; )
t

FRoM CONTINUITY;
V,

A, + tI, A3 = v2,.A:z J

112

=V. -r 1r, ~

~A2 ~V (T;1 -T.) +P=; P,] = ~,~ lft~

+A3tJjV;~

_ ~ Vl.1&2.

6.9

:2

Z6.

CAN ELIMINATE

C v (72 -T,) = P,-'f;i

,.0
_ V.14

+ V. .!:1,.2 + AJV] V3~

1f:2 A;:~.:l

T
So Cv(-r; -T,) = P. -P:a.
r'

It

+_~-_~
A-!lI3
V:::)" --v.M( 1+
l

A3 ~ tA, v..4

;;.

1I,;\

A3~ 2

Yc.'S. p(et~)(v.n)dA=O
,lL ~

ve,

A,V,

It 3 11:):1.
3

V ':1
-:4
2

+ U13

- .lit t

"Ps - ~
;z>

=3. B2

:::a

VA ::= Q

= 3f1o/s

Us =

=/fg
~ tI~ = '-IlI.4 =15.28 fl;ts

AA

A,'if

Ag

~ -~

I'

PA -~
109

701 (19-):1

Vs:l. -'{12. + c.{~

Z

10','"
-:2 (3J. J =?'I)

+ . liSP.

fI'/s

-U
A

~-""B3 =

fCj

2./S'

Q.

Z f1- + 2. IS

= 4.15

w-

Z~r = vi! dtH

of flt.\id

A of

-F -Lv' +PA(A

flt.\ic:I

c.s.

= -111 VzlA + ~(o)

r:

:=

of- PA/A

-t.J

w:: p Q

+ mVz fA

VOLUME

-= 6:l.l./nr~~.s
+'lI)
( ~S-7" j.'1

!/rIA =
lIi

~:l:: lI.JI V4

~ -~ -{if:: f{(er ~>,(V. n)cM

o
0
t. 0 t
+~~C.S.pdV
o

~ -'PH + VA :l.fJ

Vl.'2.. t

=1399

ON FLUID

/39'K

Ihr 1

b)
THF FORCE ON THE LID IS
THE INTF6RAL 01= THE' PRFSSURE

OVe;K THE' AREA O~THE

WHILE "'BE-RNOULLIS

G tves lis P= PCVEL.)

\viE Do NOT KNOw THE VELOern' VARIATION ALON6 THE' LID.

~ (l1A - ':i 1. ) ::. 0

Ibf/f+ 2 ) + y2( 1.11-"7.3)

CD

6:2.'1 lh""/f+3

6.12

~G

+ "32. r;L/ (-;" 1 -:! 0

y2 = 1'/2.3 y

16[

52.lrl(

LID.
EQ UAT7 0 N

'C.v.

.L

(IO./l/L/

'!!.1.+ 62.'{[,3S'X3r..,

FoRCE oAt LID IS

FaR TI-I~ COlJTRoL VOLUME SHCWN;

~t

10

-;

fps

3Z.6Q

I.{

t-1T. 1~

t\4

IA ::

=1/1. / /hi

:S'1.51(2.7r'12 '-b-)

IIlAz

F:: -111./ r

"Us =3.gj V
1:!..'-= 1.:3 V2

VA: 2.1{'5'"Y

p(O. Vi) V~dA

USE GAGE PRESSURE ~ R~5Um

FROM 6.10

at flu.lcl.

...-I:t!.{
----=-t

6.JO

;:r \ (

Q=6~

AIR

~ :lC\LCOHOL
fJ=
'S

= 13.5" ~

"P. -~ =0.1 WI <l.lcohol :: n L/ 'l~ Pc.

~J.I:tQ

A.="'U'(6)2 =.2'83..,.,~

6./1

L/
VI

~LUIO

= ~/A, =

f + l. +

WEltiHT

31

6",,'!./~ /'j.'83

tj rl

=,

-t

",.,:1

=21.22 "]If;

lj2 + ~ ~2.

-'A;:l)

IS INTRODtJc.e:D (ST'A. fa)

Ps .,. YJ.~ +S ~5 = 'P.s ~ V'B~ + '3 i!,.B

P

1.226 ~/m3

P
6'10.

a)

~~r-J (2;2)~r-~

~t=3."ZLfI Az= .510A,

~ =. tl29

~2. =<j d - '118 -"Pa.+It1

Z
f'"~.o

=7gJ.f. 86 N/rn2 = 6LfO.2~

p'-g

AIR

B11JEN

(AFTER
E@

STATION lA

IS INTRODUCED)

'R

,,2
:l
~ +.!2 -t <j l,2 == ?A + V,A t

PM
2
~ = 'Pa.+m ~

=a./II'1ml.

SZ,.A

PM2

V,2:: II,A

Z~ -2'A =htd

.1. '"RA - Po..i,"

n1

6.13

-.

CONSERVATION OF MASS ..
V.

::L _

l.

V J.

'j"')

1+ i2.-p,= 0

= 5:1 fps

11p. =
,.oj

-2.0'15'

U;1

= U.S" ~

~~I)(

tMH:z.o

.: ~=

...nAIR

A16.

(OJ.Js,T'{ 'RATOa:.' IO!)

Fl- of H2 o

= - 2 .a45 " H;2 0 (

=

+ WI H~o ==

~AIR +fH~o A 11113 = PM1r

2
V,

mA,R

I'

fig 0

'\

13.b "H;1a)

-0. /5"05' ' H-S -: -/.1r' Hj

MANOMET~R 'READING' 'S GREATER

AT (J)

6.JlI

h
~4---~.. '~----------

V2

5'.

(Q.fI

9~

XI.K)('-P;r]J

IHls

6J~

..
."

CD :.': . .~~.

AIR
h - 6'

USE: SfRNOVLLI QUATION BfJ1JE'EN

A) SUR~AC (5)*0 BEFORE AIR

1(- ~"-!jf/=f{c5.(e
31

1
t

~)f'(v.n)JA

"'P. =B -FrS"

b)

136./3

=(1.21 ){24)1.=3'1'l.<fift,..

'F?z ~1'o -~~

.2

~?=B

='3Ql,1I1- /36./3

-?

= :J/~. 3S- Po..

AH = A"P
o.16~oj

= :2IJ."35P..

(O.1~jJOOO~/m3'Xqf1~
I

6ft

IAJllfRE

K, = 2 A P

K,. = :2~

t:

-~ ~ ~K' +K~(Yo-2)'fs -(KI+K1YO~

~AT =

K2A-r
.,fP

Gbf

= 40.2~

=(5"-3)09:-

'5~
ft

. (. KS") (.1S-)(12)(~2.")

30

zfP'
J. S4

~"'J<:l.('1o-:2B~=~CJ.i+2c~p~ 12.21
[I<, fK,. ~y =[3D2.Z +.2~(S~=2l/. 99 ~
.: r= -~o.;J.S(~.J? -:2,9'1)
:::: 109. S- S

:: 1.125"',..,;,..

~M
~

M =Tlo2.hp
4
~M = '1l"O:1.f' dh

t}l.

TO TANK:

;it

Or: MASS

CoNSERVATION

"t

46. '6 ~

't(,=(2Xlf~.~)(r~.'Xq)(3:;.JflI)

APPLY

c.s.

d~ =0

(c1m= 'i/d:2..pvc

at' )c.'i.

LI

'7IDf dh +- r-r#dlp ~ =0
at

i.J

4h
...I
~t-

7(

d
t-Uc-O
0"
-

APPLY' 'BERNOULLJ ('QVATION =

AJ BITtJEN SURFACE iI 8

~ - 'i1t'AC = - lie. _ '3 H

,a

:2

"'S.) "BETtJEEN '5VR~AcE' ~ C

\

Pc = 'Ps =~T~} Vc.2 =2 <j L

.: 'Ps -i?s = -(L +11) :: -It! Ff
f'9
Vc :: ,I;2.qL

= 25: 3~ f'ps

= O.I3i!

Q = Av =trd:2.Vc.
~

~ +.. Vc:
dt:

:0

0'"

'(:t 3/ 5

Vc -: y 2'jL - (h o -h)

ho=I1@t=o

LET 11-h, = z

d~
dl:

4h
=
dt

Vox- = ~.

d'l...,r
dl .,. D~ V2'j L (I +z) = 0

~~. @ t=o

24.

T- JL D~

- d.1 Y;2c.3 l

.=

105"1/ s

I - ..; I - 3//..

=2.2.1 1ft
c

==

'30.9

/H;".

Br;:T1JEEJ.J

fl.2

=. OO~

:205"1./";')

~()O

PAlM + ~2t7}2._:E
f>
;( -,0

39;<

slu,
it!

020P
.2

=(- 00~3'P'l!5912 - #l1/()o)

= 1.3(,6psf =O. tXBSpsI3

AP

P= :J.05"I.lr.r/.3" =2052:5 ?sf

:: 14.2Cpsi

6.19

m?s

~}

(,115"

30

'j + ~."J.

-::1..
~ '{JaL T
0:1.
J

PAr... = p~j"~J(1O.?.3 I~ "=2051.11!1l.

RT

=.6+1.6'

6J185~=/21;..7f.ps~ T:l/o-p

fJ=:E ::.

4.42.10"""

VJ' A. ::.

h". 1,. ,/B t =T ho-S, = 3'

-3

'S,' 11

.19

Jo

D:l

HEAl>

:: -d':1.Vl~L (' dt

)oYlf2A.

2L '/,-

dr

; VD<J = VJ'

.". ~. :5.'25'"15

dZ!
-3

Cbs 30-

CD f :

~~, + v;i r ] ( = '3 <12 +-

V;z'" t- 'PI
oP.2 .~
:z;p
Vi = Y;2'3 (tj,-~hJ = 35". q fps

= 0.733

Q= A;z V:z.

VA :: Va=Vc. =Vt:>

= "/.9 rS -Fps
BETWeEN

?A

CD

=- "B+TAt

=AA.l

pSI

=11> = '2;:;.12
'Pc: = 1#, IS- P~'t

6.21

~
-4'

-<:1.1) -,0 Yd.2-

'5LMILA~Lc,lJ

b)

A:
1-,.0<3 (~I
,

= 2'1.12

a.)

.f13/s

p'S~

::z

A = ".193 fI'J. ~ v= ~ -= 6.5S fps

,+ g: +
2

11.=
-f:1.
I'

HEAD:. v~ -=

~'P=

~I{

~:

1~)(f.".2. AJ~) =:

,,~'"

= Z2.S-f}-

S:21"O

.2~

--r

2"-

=- t.1,.'L
~lf

V?_ -b(3.l.1'~(/) - (US)).

p.:: -(62.'1

(),p- Plfl" ()~

':11 <j -= "P.1

6'1.Q

= 5'279psf =3'.~i

11'112

THRUST - Q V

V - AnJs

hp -- Q Ah

-2.i,7 ps;~

Til RUST -..

Q. {i;i; _

hp

Q AIt

~
yAh

.: HIGH VOLUME', LoW PREcs.S()~E'

PUMP.

b.'2~

P. :: 'P~", )

\), -= 0 ~

STATION

':h = q'

~rAl

CD

: AT SURFACE O~ 1-1-,0

STATION

:
I

AT
~

+0 +0 = '('+

Et

(61. 'IJ.O. "S)

- "8:JLI,/U'/.7-.2'O.)

62.'1
-~

= :2S:~

130 - II :2

- 0.'0

Va. J.

:lj

=(1'141)(45")

2",1I~:t -1-4'

S.<i.

'B - ~ + v, :2, _

hL =

P:J

V:l.= ~(). tpS ~

=
=

Q::. 1.9 cfs

= 'P. .

v:z.":Z.. _ BT.t\ - B~ - p~

D: Il I"
A CZT'/., ~2.
V,
3.6'l,f,,!o

'1,:: 0

PUMP IN LET

1>= S'Ops,'3

':: J g

,'I -"1211/
6 't. 4

ft.

6.2'

A= 'iT:Ja: :2'7.1 ~"2

l./

All = "7.Fo ct5

c..I
Q:: (7. loX (0)( J;;r)= ~sol ;;W~
Q=

FROM
~

V \8
VElCXny LEAVJN6 IMPEUER

r =I".~:z. fps
J 'lI
I
Vt; = 10.22 fp$
.,.-- w r: : 1,.:2. fps
10.2:2

.fps

'7:2

f' tt~ 0

PIA - P,mM = tj (h+cl)

,oM

L..
_______

= ~ cl- -P,~ - ~,.",

:z.

6.23 I=RoM DATA OP PRoBLEM S::ZOj

6.~

So "PIa

-rps

-1?1A =P+I:a,o <3 d -

f. ~B:z.f'~ 0

-~ <j (h+d)

35

A q2 %

REOlXTION.

/'.2'1
tM

ACROSS SECTION ONE J THE VE LOCITY CHANqS BY A FACTOR

OF ABOUT 2. UNLESS THE:
MOMNTUft1 OF THE AIR IS SUFFICIeNTLV LARGE
ACC[LERATE
THE FLO~ THERE WILL 'BE A
PRESSURE: DROP, A CHECK OF
AIR VELOCITV "REQUIRED YIELDS
SUPERSONIC AIR SPEEQ, THUS WE
MAv N~LCT THE AIR MOMENTUM.

-ro

AmP. AIR

l.

BEFORE AIR

v,Jj~~
~ 4a-t -~ -l

::f' 7:;r'l.(hfho)

~
d-t

dh
= p'TIJt
.~
dt

~t :: ~fi1 vC(At = /l![t.:J."; 29 h

~ ::

-d

20

t)2-

\.bur = -d~ i ~Cjh

D~

~ dt
C2~ h~dh =J(~-d~
D~
~
o
:n~ I;,:: -~ vSS t -= :2(J-m~-b.S&3

t : -(-G.st>3X/5)2. --

/''-.L7

~T

i~X-s'J.r~i{) ( ;Y;:2.t

rl~

ZFl:

='pAh

= ) Vz drM

fiB -11... )A = m(v

=~A~

-V,B)

(V2 -

"Prs-"PlA =-~2.(I_g

/l0.~

sec

Ift;K

I~

'4)

~~

,a~o

p'~-_....J

. fJu,p

TOGE.THER WITH BERNOULLI EQVA.

~ vt(J - ~o)= CJd~oU-tJI i-~)]

I Ll 2.
- - 1M

v.l.

1FIlJf!EN A ~ E

J..

2~

~,. = c;;!d PH~O

p,...

r, - ~(\t ~dn
II \

A4

2~o

.,..---:--~-----:-

'6 ~ 9. iIXI.8~X' -1 !) :s
I-~

3.113 IM/s

} -r
2.

V.A of2

~ 2!A = ~
Pz.

-PE :"Pc: -I;' ~ L2

~ = <:JL 2 t "Pc _ Fa ~ L~

Ii

Ii If

f Ve;.2. + j

rE

=V
-rJ!." _ UA:l.

2"2

~--Pc

50

Ii

'3 L:z. C~ -~

-Va~,

t1 V1
2"R2.

:2

7J 2
Va ~ 0 =~ ~ THEN

ASSUM INq

- ~~

v:L (1.

P.) t Jl..2.

"PA --Pc. = ~ L2, (1-

'R"'Pa

"R

of-.!. t; ~ -t" ti - A )
1 'Ra. If

= <jL:a (p. ;l! )

v 2 ~ 2tj L :z. (P./,p:z.

Pa = -Pc =P"

-0

~ = ~ L:z. (~

:z Rl.

1+

-I)

I-~~
"'R~

6.2<1

FROM 6.2g'

~.3{)

-Pc; :: -(! Va:4 ,

U SINe; C. V. AtdOUJ-ll> ~ u,..s.

':r

""p. - p
U:l +9 L2 (~-f.')
A
C:2
:. I

=,.g

-~:l ~
~
2

p. 43 ::l)
12 ~

CONT/N VITC/:

:: _
~

'R
AsrAo<

a:l)l
Jll.
- R:1.

~~

~-Pc. ::

:1( f?j 'R.1.

}Ll.

t~ L-'J.(~ -f.) -Ii Vl

rVx drn

Vs-f- -i-UA
-P1

?s

1---0.

~--'

<j\

(P-s-"PA )K=I'fi'Va
(VA -Us)
I
.. 'P~-?A =t!' JL(V -U ~)c: ~'lf_A)
2 'R R
1< It
-;<:1. l Po
COMBINING WITH 'BER tJOULL, EQUA.

Ii "L~(I_ ~L) = -p,r8.)2~l. _

1(.1.

2"lp'

~~~

d~

l)~::: LfoUr

IY'::;

Uot.:rr

t-~~

dA~

AT:79.<a(~ l~'" ~ ~

ACROss f.fFATER (PRESSURE ORaP)

~ F

9D(J\ J

CU--=C'f=4~DD S/~'IS

-A (~rz~l

"PA -"Pc ~ ~

tV !:::

.: AU "" coAl""

~ LI. l. = JL:
;4

"8

So

.'.e. A HEATER
Vg':l,. :

y: : ~. At-~

e+P

1<1

..121~

'2

s: 4~r

AT ~O.~5P~

6>.'31
tJ~ur;a-U~
TW*~CA

OFT~ 'JJC1DM~ AI CZ-,1 ~AP

T~~ ~TC46 V~~L.

~~

'<'lA5t-DS

A~= M~

~ A'P:z 1?~ 9An.\ .

T~ ~CJJLL' ~~
We~ ~t5N J~ Iw>

TS(!; ~AP '(~

L:?,
n

23

'L,

J>

h2 ;, ~(Jt~B-l)
13:: 8~
2..
;-

M =~Q)

;Jh,

~B~S IF'h~211,.~~

u:~rr~2~ .~r
[00

M., ~

VAL-fP

~ ~y Be; l.del1FG~

~ /~ ~27~2.

Q :: 76.7 Z4"2.

is

hL. =D. Urgscg w~ Mu~

S~<n nL/6, Twcs <:;'(/E!;~

-:it

T~ J7lL)W ~ l~

lr:~JJ(XJU...( ~.

s>
Y 2TUO$
o:L
~:z
AP ~ Ie
(y. .z 7(,]w>
Z
$

Il-='\

"2-

h. :: lJi- - u;. + h -h 2.

~~=. ~+l)~

"\..

49.4 ~'%'

<st. 76 b~1s

~{s

~ ~ ZUi
F

(1.f./J-fB)

SOB<M(nm).J~ 1#T<2

9ol~

~'" 2 +~_L -(~

-~. '" 1i+~~)~(e~~)J

-4

2B
o~ ~LA>S ht.. :zoD JOe ~
A~ h1.>D FOe 5>8t'll

38

(0 26

0.33
GJerr(].,f~ NbPrF 16.D
&fo.O.JLL{ ~
~$CC

c.

! -t Y2,."1. ~ls;- =R: + ~~4hL

?J 2(1
J78 2(j
~ ~ \?: : ~~ J ~zO

k)Zl.c)

25-2:c
LJ:'1..

USl~~t~

~~Aw9~A

:::Z

~ J..(~I/l-=. a.+w-tS
~
20 ~ 20

'4

~ + hL =H= 367 ~

2(5

W~ ~

'0/

(]

(Je Z

9.32f;-f~

q Al& ::: f;.CE6ro

cfs

~.'34-

~:~=: ~"~%2WV
~~=-2:5VW=L~VW

LSvg:; fu (;. \() ~ FOe

A C. v. &J:I03Wc:fr~ ~p

~ (%~vw

-?JA
= ~ ?-?~% Ail?
at
g
~

-z

Lcr V-=A~Br:V(r)

$re

Qf/?;;: (1).\44 1.25~ ~

%

~
:z'. fBI~Us fO'~
~fJfl

E ".Y~:r~ ::.4.1{, 10

V(Io) =0

A +f>G
:0 A:;z -~ro V=B(r-ra)
2

V(~-)2 wdh ::z -etr{ -~)

~'FV\

}/0cur;I2

\1')P~

b.%

=~ fp'lM:~tR
3
fr:) Z Yrm :l.~ ~

Q4-%a)

., ~ V(r)zu.rl

!!!c. .F."....
59

2-

r- G

(.-_~
(

10

'~ hL~~J~t:'6

I-I~ V: LY2 }%i~"lJ~

1.

&T~JJ ~

,. t.5. .t$

<J

nL-~ ~ + o;'l.-, of ~z.

1< u: zl) r. S--"t 2- U

-z

--I;>

U2..:Z

M,

~ 0:
2+hL%~

kl-~D}lo ~l,

t52

@.::: (4,0 Mt

M:: yAUC :. Ill) ~

~@ h~'%()J ~

L1:2~ A~A~
}

1.6

L(O~

~ I'!L "3~

}.b ~

~V~tfz

0"2. '" ~ '" .g,291'V1i;

10/),:6,(

Z%,

~% cfI/~f~)

~ ~

20

S(3
~a

'%

ht...2.~% 3th

AJJ.t>

1-

l3~ ~

Lce6lz~

~.3B

~~L'-r ~-----.-<-- ItII

(sT/.(lS~

As I~l'iiG

z;>,

'-~

~~d))

~,~ l7S9 ~
&.. ~@ / \-!2.%2~J

:0 ~zJ2 ~(!)z~t86~

C1-lAPTEQ

t6e. An2- Q'"

7. W

7. I ~'lS{~ ~? Aa;
~lN6D ~ ~x. I .

Z6, ) ~ &

QI40 :::}d32. _ LIS:> .10-5

Q32 /4M - (,34::).IC- 5

G::O

.0177

QIM) ~O.~2

80

.{){)70L

ICO

.cor28

T OF?

~e A~
I

41'32

~b~z-(3~~!

7.4

.r.m

=N c

= No. OJ='

CROSSING

W =MOLECULE'S

t<s

mole

.?

HAs A VOLUME

MOLECULES

IOU.

2;;.~

.Dloi

6.0;25" /02J,

22.4 m l

6.025".
I

A PLANE

/ UN IT VOL)M~

CONTAINS

MOLECULES
O~

MOLECULES

W\3

=2.6Z/0

2S

mol =

7.6"3'10 23

m3

-c --/Z7r RT =
~ =?

.W'S

mol
fP

15'0'& fps

''8' . /0;).3 IS-O'S

:2. 1'7 'IO~'

21
mol
tP,~

7.5 7' =.,i/(d~ \ .

eo
i

z~ Foe WAn3f2

Q.~:::
11.32.
~
/~
'-\'32 PI+O

dr )R

V;

C(IV '}

=1Tm~)(D -(~)J =2VAVEE-(~)J

d1,fx

dr

2D-11D ;::. :> 7

O. ~ 10'"
.
\

::.'

~~~:Z70%

4l

=-1./ "lJAvE

Y'

r; ::. -~."lA 1.TAVE = - 1920~

tf = -.~~3 i/:"/R'a @ tCop

<6 = k w}

"7

2-

"IV::::

2,," 1/".2 ~

J<Z

E' +

1,.('iv)= 2-;2v-2-.....

4.
('T'v1 _- 0
d...
J

= 1/ <1,.

INCREk5E :. <t2. - ttl _100

<b,

= '300

Raj

,252""

M 21
N\TRO<:iEN

(e.t~+~r ~V
;eJ~

= 1.I<1J{2

dt

L - I_ _ _

CHOoSE:

[!de :: (Tvl dA
dt
J
~~~
IlTJ.Irll1V bcu"olo.~ -- ~
, r'-'
.....

o"~

::

wrrn

MQVlNq WITH SHIP I

= ~x -11"

STEADY r=101J

0!.A.t5;2~'"
C"

)oX

RESPECT TO Co'! MOVIN6 AT II!!!

~

Po" ;: 0
F~ = -Pix = -V;; m:z

~O'~TANce

- (-.q H1/s)
Ir( lal ~/s)

:. i~ ='rvA =0'~4'XrwX27rrh)
~ = s: S"?52 l!.:!-

Cov.

F= ~c:.s.V d",

Ftk;d

T =","!bl = p. rw (LINEAR PROAL.)

d':i
t:.
GAP
.

(UIYEAR INTER?)

>- 3.1 'o/S

>- Lf ~s

CD I

VISCOUS lJORK

bouJ'\d

=II. S 1./75' . /()-6 Pc.s

?JO

~ = lJe-

OU tct'"

..0."" = I.lq 42
Ah<. cU.S'

= 1I.5'5",P f>as

APPLY ~/RST LA\,! of THERMO

v1

=I.ql

.~ -O,a

tr = 3. 611

T:. J"15K

.r - I
~ - Y"3

d-c

~a

-IMT

19 ~ = 2. ~6 q3 -/06

1.'7

~AU

CcJ,

~2

,.37

f' +3(fj]

tfQ _ 6"LJ= ((
dt
dt - Jk.?I'"'-U

=2

F'fluid

=qO ~'" = qO N
~

= 5.S''l W

J=rln~CI
I

1.1 j = <fQ= kw2

dt

l='5hlp 1

-F_L'
~IIP1

qON

IN THE'

Wt;'GATlVE X DIRECTION

~=J<tJ,4
I

42.

III

~
---:"
[J-

L_ /
I

....

VOLUN

~7

=Ii..,i!-

aU;

a.) dUX

AAKle+"t - A.1)t'~
A AX ..di:

4+ 0

ax

a'j

CI-IANlii E RATE

At-+O

=lit1li-r
AJ(~o

'1r (>ff6X)AT: A>f .1t

\I"r ()()At= dl4

ax

41: .. 0

FOR 3-D\M:
BOrn AXIAL STRAIN RATE AND

VOLUME CHAN4E RATE ARE

EXPRE SSED AS

iJ)

a~ t d 1.1~ + JV2
ax
;;9
dZ .

7.14

r- z

plo.ne.
Z

2-0IMENSIONAL (;(~y) FLO\..!

Vi! =0

OZz =0

av
0 -..
;)J{z =

12-)( =0

av~

;?<j

__ o __

----

"TZy = 0

=?;,z
~

'<1r

AXIAL STRAIN RATE

=li"",;i

~K+O

45.r~

lfJ((}(rAK)4t-u;,lX')..dT:

AX4t

=~
~t

43

(5EE

p~oa ct.3)
.

PLAN~

B-2

H~1T

?J5

--1

i
'j/t

~h

f
1

l--

-1
= f:z

E=.oIGMt

RESISTINCi FORCE'

F2

LL

t-

= STdA = cr 1l'Ddh=rJrDh

'I = ,P dv- = ::y:

elY
~
.. FZ = --E
n v-7tDh =.aV'.jl'ltDh.

,-- E.
F;i' = 1000 C.osX 3:t ./O-3)/olS-J7f
l"lo""

V"-8

.S~2 (3./t)
-PLAN~

= {C07a, f\J

r
"lib

Fr. = W

FROM

PREVIOUS PROBLEM

Fz ::;; v"'}:: 7TDh

E

.I

ALSo" Lv'

=;7\9

:. jJ ,/:u7rD h = I')'t~i

1.T::

"

.61:

".. = o. 7f:>6 nils

= ~~O rVrlGt6B -Vr Ie

Ar~O t
)"'11$
+ r( ~ 1,,+6,.

~r

= ..!..
C?Vr
r;Ie
-,.J

.. 're =

rr

-r r

m9
b8tJ9.1/-;o-r
pif7rDh a5"OU1XIO~~.~

- ~J,.)l

dA: .... d'dL

l.. (~)

dr-~r

1/9,. =p

tITr d~
;;e

f-

ar (Ve)\l
r IJ

rd

dL =~
sin 01..

M = .M~

h SIf1C1C

A1

ij,1f,..3d~dr

.: M=1T'~ w D.y
32 h '51"''''

lvzO
~

(?t-~)~: \'Trl)L%(J)

4P
L

;<"

41"' = 21.7

rsf4\

7.2. \

~% 076

,
ID-

144'5

-,

jLl2():Z: D.~~ .. (0

.,

Xe~:a-5l%

CHAPTER g
t.1

- =

32"uv.
2

cJx

4::
dx

v'1f!i

~Q

7T

13 CONSlOR THE CYLINDRICAL

IfI

SHll ELEME NT

Q. =KD.'
Q2::: K ~i

K=

02

ar .,

__- L

~I

(-:&\Jr

dxjmp.

=20.

Q4

~ CHANqE

:::

THE SAME ANAL VSI5 AS IN SEC.

S.I OF THE TEXT LEADS TO;

16Q.

4..(rTJ =

Q.2. -Q . 100

dr

Q,

=1500 ~ INCREASE.
Nat

KR= INSIDED

t?

) def'Y) = )

'~Km

22Km

LIT R ::: OUTSIDE D

4O~Km=-_=EN=O:.-

K.20RlG/NAI STARr

a)

rAP

(K.(,I)

rdr

t&""P r~ + C,

r"T;:

~-------@-

2L

,., = -; dv = .1'Pr + C,
dr
2 L.
r

dX -

Sf

Jdv=

-dP - -.1P

ORIGINAL: ,;, ::: KD" (-:~)

-.1P (rdr d,..

:2L.,.u J A r

-.A!:.,...1. _ e,k r
;U

I./)-' L

-t1lf.3 = L I.) ~
K 041
Nat:

() =rHH
L 1'2

f..I1.P) =.
t L J3

K1)'1

t\1 N/a..,1
KO"*

"B.C.

v=o

C.

~ R~(J-I<~)

-A'f.2= LI'l~
K[)'I

-.dl,?3 = L.2.3 mN

2K04f

:. V::

0l0 = -41P..1/ Na.J-Ali

Lu ma _ L ..:a. ';'H +
mN
SINCE - 11"P..31

r ="R J

K [ ) ' 1 2 K ()'I

g.Lf

4"PR:l _

4 PR2.(I_~)

~L.

~L

46

k'R

AYK

~-Pl?:l.[i- rl._ (I-KaJ.tr1.]

R~ t.. '1K
r

i(rlrx) _ rdP = 0
dr

r. KR

.t.... VK

'IAL

L.:1-3

K D'f -

&

+ co2

dx

'Tf.)( = ~ dVt

::

dr
V.{::

~ l: +

c.

dx 2

lic.

...

0= e,Ro-S&

-L. 4E r2 t S. .t.-c r +
lfA

dx

oM

C,

:. w'Ri= C,R;

=k~
-A r;
-L.. dJ>(
11
LV+ J6,.u dK D~_da~
d

C2.=

(V + ..L.

l!

(D~-cF) + d

16,M

&J

2,!:
x

c...J~i

I<\' - '"Ro

FOR CONCENTRIC FLOW IN THE.

DIRECTION J Vr =0) Vg = F(r)

1P.,; 207KR.I:==::;j========@
.

<D

#:: 1/10

X/O-&

~;

a.)

,..-;

y2pP

)l ri

Q= Av

P~ ::. ple.+c16

.4..(~) = C J
dr r"

=0

d(lfG)
r =A~

dx

4r

47

<

m=,aAv==w;o'"f 2jJ .AP

="32,.u
it
02.
J

INTEGRATION YIELDS:
~=c, ...

=1J]).'Jj~P
1./
--r

v: AP

(2-

b) VISCOUS" LAMlNAR J

-!!P

COt.lSTANT OR

:: 11'

~=

Pte Ar41i!
SO THAT Tr

~ms

P. + V.Y+ ~ = B + ~~+. ~
P,-~

7r ~eAZ'lr+t.r -,(,48621,.

=. 0165"1<1

USE BERNOULLI EQN.

INVISCID.;

P elf: '0/

0.63501\

='l'l'i. <t5lJ ~/,"3

JJ= 5"3.0 Ib"JR'

Ire = A r~(Ve)

:II

I-K~~

X Fe 0

r"fRo

I -

OR

A LINEAR PROFI LE .'

8.6

d...

R,-'Rc

=w"Ri"Ro
(r _ 1::)
1(0 -Rl
'Ro

~dx

50

= wI<:

r _ w-"RiRo

Ri - "Ro

F :: fA = rC1id .1)
:L
d..~

'RuIHER

c,

=G)~

-2-dP ~_ C, kl2.
~A dX 'I
.M
:z

d,uf}

=""'ROc.TTR

-..

C =# CiRca

.: F::. 17"

yo

Va =(JRu'Nf~ @ r=

=;zd

:L

0 @

'1:1

C;z

B.C. Vx O@ r co.Q. , ~ = V@ r

Va

D2.
32...u

-dP = ~p
dx

L-

m= pAri =~7rO~ 41P 02. =1TD;..oilP

L 32r'

'I

l l i Lp

=1J.2

B.c.

GOVERNING EQUATION JS

c,

!L (~)( ) - JfP -= 0
dy

dx

-;;x

d? tj~ 1- Z;"J
C, u

- -'-

. x -:J"u d}(

ae.

@ INTR~ACf

I) Vr

=0

y=O

UK

=V

~=h

j~t )7

J;

J 7

II

=A., ( v- 2:!:
dP)
.2"u. dx

C~=O

FOR NWTONIAN FLUIDS IN

LAMINAR FLO~
-=fol d ~
V

Vx

(@

FOR

c,

dy

t C;z

~>')

=0 " d Vx )
d

=0

Y 4=0

=0

:. dP _
dX' -

y =0)

=D

2).( V
h~

=V:zz:

2) '~r = ~XIr

CONTUJUITY: dP + ~

~I dVg
dy

MOMENTUM: dVK

-=,I-{Jl

dt

d Uxrr
d~

at

1.1

ax

(Plh) = 0

+ Vt JI! =:1 aP
ax fJ ax

til

'ieM

'f'

g:p = ;11 d:l.~

dX

dlf

\Ix

=...L ~ 92.1"
2"a elx

+
S5'e",

c1 Y +

BERNOU lLf f='ROM

S TO I

v)(

=~ +C

J.

Y -,.0'3 y~
:2p

P5
+ <3 i!s = P. + ~ + r
p +~
2
P
2
-J'
Q

~ =9.di!'
P

!t

32

= 32-" 11." = 11
D2

.Ltv,

:L : :

0'1

Q=

1rD~Li,"

= -V

B.c. (2)

C2

=:

b)

(NEGLE.CTlNG, MOMNTUM)
L

C,

l-IAGEN-POlSEUILLE EQN. FROM 1-2

Fa -~

'B.C. (J)

q)

v..

=-V-t ~~~'TJ(~J{~J]

c) Q=

~
A

"'evA

(9 L
AZ _ Va::1.)
;u
~

1) = 1iDl/ [~t.r
121 G. L

-ihfv+ alr~

- ~ h'"<:I"l cl~
2~ h

= </Q

Q=Uh-P9 h"! +~3

7rD~

6.,u

:2.u

- ~]

= vh _,.o:r h 3

11" 2 DA#

:3).(

3./3

tv

?12

0=

Ve Cr) ~

~= ~Ve 4!' ~ + Ve(r)~

dt

dr dt

FOR FLUID

d~

P941X4!:1A~

dt

APPLY MOMENTUM THEOREM TO

THE ILLUSTRATED (LfMENT

de

d~

~=

-pg
,Lf.

a.) "BOUN DA1W CON DITIONS:

@ <1 = 0 , Vx = -V

(I)

, 1=0 .: ~:~Ih =0

(2)

@ I:} = h

di

= ~ ~.} w = Ver ~2
X'

I --

:. -d \I
dt FLUID

It-J THE UMIT dT ...... pg -= 0

dy~

at

~ = ~(-~)

~J=x =0

dr=o:. dO': VeCr)d~

49

Ue

:2.

-;:-

,..

fl..,.

dt

8.~

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS;

@ '1 =0
@ y =h

V=R52
V= 0

.0. c, ="R~
:. C2=R2-APh
h

2)lL

THUS

V=1?.l2(I-t)+ ~~"rr~r-*l

~b"/ -.

FLOW RATE

--

Q=i"'vd~= h (I \ld~)= l<n.h_ A"Ph3

o
..b
2
12p.L

HENCE AP=
(NO PRESSURS CHANGE
DIRECTION ).

IN

J~f L [~h - ~
(il~)

EFFICJENCY:

'1. = "POWJ:R
g.J!;

-POWER'N

CONSIDER "PASSAGE AS A STRIP

To

I' 62

OUT =

P)

llR(L (-10))

IS SHEAR STRESS ON FLUID

AT THE INNER WALL,

-r;;

'S SHEAR STRESS ON

THE INI\JER WALL.

FREE BODY OF
8.MENT
Y n-I
-AX/
, Iy-t~
CONSIDER

z.~ =0
(NO MOMENTUM

70

pi&'-I-I:';LF1A'(.1
IX - ~- X+~
Tty'.AX"

FLUX)

DIVIDE BY

AX Ay

E' = d'P

= f'B-"B.. _ to?

C1<j

~x

NoW '1=..udv

50

d~

SOLUTION IS V= C,

Sl.RjJ

Ad2v= Ll"P
d~:1

113

"(=

2pL

50

Ql

Zt~z-1

_Q)

[+ tr~h -Q)]

EE.. ~~h -Q)

"R.Q.n

+S'i + A ?y:2

_ Q\

~ = 12~ (1?~h

TAKE LIMIT

12~(R.o.h

1
.a~r;u1?.Q. +!1.!!'~

(P\X -1'lX-rAX)AY +- Ci'f:S+.6'1-1ifj)6X

.

&1

THUS J
~= G.

)(

=0

=.",a
= ~~1l_ API,
- dy Ilj=o
11
2L

[L.JRSlh -

6G.]

SHOWN BELOW' ARE THE' VELOCITY PROFILES FOR 3 CASES;

~ =-1

'RSlh

IS MAX. Ei=1=IClENCY

~ =1

"'R.Sl h

IS MAX. FLoW' @ ZERo

AI=>

<1
h

.6
Q=O

ruu, .

.tt
.2

-:(1

-.'f

~2

.2

.1

.6 .Y

1.0

-RQ
8.10

~QJTk"6~
(1~

ls-

~== 2 J (V--P~PJ6
t::)

A}.JA~~ Of!" ~ta.c U 1m=;

~ A~~Y~mt;;

?~~ 51Ax::l5T I-tG

I\J s:r
5\

B,17

\V

~ ~~
A'S S'~ Tul:

--~~IA1 1- rl'

"

_.

!VET

\ L_
~lC4L

~'T~

--

f1..vx.-

I"S~ SO

1_ -

l'r'rlrt..

_I

Lf::tD
i:

Ar

~~
2.

S(j 111 ( Are

4Fra--rA~w::t lKG LMtT As Ar~o

J<A r --t d (rT):O

dr

to ry ~ dU;lcir
(. ""
L.Lb

:.\ ~y'G

/'\..-..

~! AL,\J ,j~-,~_

i !1'""'~~o.lJ
VV'~~~.

'jCJ, t 1.~ L r%. a~~

U'2, /
drAT ,-"z Q{ h 40;% ~
"2

/ dr

t.4US

pra:

:z

~ ~e~n):'r)

1~004~ ~w Wrr'i q(Q)~

~v:zr7

Ufo

~z

LTIM)Z

tr z ,,(e{~ik6+~}1-e(~,~)
~ ~
21v ~z ~

W' +- 27f f( f A.t- -1'cr"r'l{ Lxi r.O

rt.(r
r

\II

k- \% QA-VL.-/

1.

8.\B

2t(c~1h)\.~+~O-4)
52

CHAPTER

(0 \7)

TELLS

CHA~bE

TH E

"DVC

TO

~ATE Ol='
MOTION.

'1.1

~D3
,

e~

c1r

&~~!.:dV =0

CHANGE'S IN VOLUME

= (1'2'XW)

-I - ( i2 )( '32) ./

[c~o.n)dA ~ PVr(~iI'"A(:;)lr"~H'

12

= AX~

32

= Ay

1'2 1 = A X t [V)(J<tAXJ y)

-l'vr(~r~e)lr +f'\l9(~r~Z)/GtA6
-pVe(JlrAi)le

2- DIM. PLOW

CONSIDER

(I)

3'2

-Vx (X,'iU&

=4<:!+[V'1(X+U)y-tAY)

+pV~(r~~r)Jz+4&

~ ( X+AX J y)1 At

-p* (r"6BJlf)J z

Q2x 3:2.) =

AX ~y

L~ fJdV = E.. p(rAGtirJlZ)

de JJ c.v.
at

0':2') (3~ ;).')

=JlXJl~ + [V~ (X +t.~

5lJ8STITUTE INTO (I) I D'V'D~

~i-A'1)- V~(x+lI.)(J~l~x~t

-sy

i-[V1(XtAX,y) -Vx (X,!j)J~~~t

(r A,edf'A Z~

TItEIJ TAKE' LIMIT

Afj 6e~ A~ - 0

As

!.S-(rV,.)
r

('

,.

q.2

= Vx

fj
1t.)C

,..

~;c T ~ ~

ac

d9

I"

t'7_~

=0

+..!.. ;>Vs + dV2

Y'

-1-[ ]At"
TIME RATE

AT A -POINT
lim

t Vz fC.~

dn

;}"..

+ ~ "''.1 t aZ eJ

t~}+o

:. t=1.UIO VOL.

+ Vi!~( ez -i!}

ei'

e~

:: 0

=,

CHANGE OF VOLUME

~V

AX'A~ .1l1t

~t

(0 V) = Vx !x(il( .e;r) + tI~~(~.~)

NOTE:

or:

CHANGE = dV~ +dV",

d 'j
G;)X

= 'I-v

IF

i.;I~

IF

i. = i

"BUT

:. (fiV):: Vll'~ t V~~ + Vi! ~

53

v 0 = 0

FROM CO)ffIt-iUITY.

42 = ~o + d r
~

dt

di

~ = ~V~
dr

dr

t ,- 1"

a.)

dO + de ;;0
dt de

dr"

aVe p- + v.
~ r -e

'RELAnVE' TO THE'

~ -= ~ ~ +a\j~ +Vt"det"+ Ye~

ae

dB

ae

I'"

ae

l,) F"OR V

SMALL

orHE~S

SMALL. I3UT

TH "P'Rot>CJG"T at='
2~

SMAll

LJm6EJ.

V AUt:>

ORDER OF l-AR~E :; MAI{"BE

SI6~IF1C.AklT COM1=>AR~D TO THE

REMA/NltJ~

,..

~'-'

~-:=

~e

dr

7eRM5.

~ = ee~ = 0
ar
dr

:;}er

(}e,. = - ex slY'e t ~ case = es

()6

SIM'LA~L'" 9e, = 0,
,

dee

d('

';)8

= -e r

HENCE I
i'

~ = ;;Vr
dr
dr
A

i("

-t dVe

ar

Dt

if

Vx~~ T ~~ ='3x -;~

0

()

+ v'V':Z~

:;}~v.

:2

t-V0 ~

FoR Q.? To BE 'D V ; ~ = Vr

de
d+:

~ = ~ - 1. V'P + J V:2 0
()

(~ - Ve)~r i-~~

dt

dt

bt

'V Vx =~ = 1 2P
~'1~

=-L

B.C.

.. -:g2 ::. ~
-rIV('dVr- -t!!dV,. _~~
~~. dr
r ~ rtr

,.u 'dX

~=J..~Cj+-C
dlj
j.J. ~
I
~

= w =rVe

~=O

Q)P

2)-' ~X

':1 2 +e, <j

~v. ~VB r V9JVg

ct.S

USUJ6

Fo'RM

r Jr

THE

r;;Je

vr Ve)~_

""'S

n",COMPRESS\'BLE

OJ:: "THE NAVIE'R-CST~ES

EQlJS; D v
Dt"

= - V1=>+
P

vV y
2

:. Vx

t C:2

= :t L ~ Yx ,0
C 2 = -..L ~ L'J.

@ C:j

~"" ~J(

I..

'l

OF

?RESENT.

Ve~ie
dr

-T

ALL TE'RMS

%f + 0 +vv) ARE

~(

ae
W

V;

FOR SlW\ALL

=..L

;:?~

BP
~

(u';l_L;2)
.J

'V. V= 1..(w"R
r Ole r r-

)= --y:W'R:ld (,) - 0
de r IS SATISF/E!:>.

:. CONTINUITY

'i.j Vp=:! + ~t'

Dt ~
d<j
o

+'i]-()J~:)t 'J.~ VVx )

= - V~
~~

,.o[;~)( + ~ dVt! + V'j dV",

~x

-V; (R, e9j~)= Pc ve-~~

p

=P9 x - ~p -

~= 100)000

AT

tt-)

V= 20) 000

ax

fps:

22., 000

ff:

~i'J

I2 IJ/~ +;~+-~~
dCj 9r')J

cfll3'\=;lX'

+....(,ud~) of- C1 (.u a~)+~ 1M d~)

ax ~)( ay (}X ~l ~ W

I2 = ~~ 000 s+-/s Po e.- 1I. 91S"

DC-

ay

+ Vz dVi?l

i-!x(M~)t~(Md~)+;0~)

= ~ (O.OI06)~ = a ()o96 Po
s

'V-v

tJOTF: \JHElJ
=0 }
CONSTAt-lT "TERMS
'

15

~ (; ).{ V- v)

f '7. (M X )

AR 0 AND TERM ". (~'il Vx )

'BEcoMES ).).'0'2 V.x.

'1./2

GIVEN:

0.) f~

f ~(rVr) +~ ~:

Ve=OJ ~(('v,..) = 0

.: r"'Vr (e)

=Fee)

Vr

b) IF Vr =OJ ~Ve.:: 0
-;;8
Ve

55

=0

= fCr)

=F{e)
r

9./3 FoR THE INCOMPREsSIBLE

LAMINAR CASE)

OV "..
J 2Dt"=g-7+
V 11
FOR 9 NEtSU6~LE')
"D V== -yp ... Jv:2 v
rli:)

I'

Dt

9J5"

COI>JT/NUITV:

VECTOR "'PRoPERTIES DETE'R-

V E VP

f.lUAIm . 'BY

wHIC.H

ARE IN"ITRDFPENDENT; i.e.

CAUSE i, EFFECT.
MLJST LIE IN SAME -PLAN~

.:

La')

~E'7E?M'NE'D

0"1

-\JP~

p (~ + V)C ~ Va~: :tf

l'cu
ax) ax

.c ~(()kJ A~

y.!WS
z direction

Dt

J, HAS

=0

t<

Dv _ -V?
--.fJ

I:>t

Dv

9.1"
Usu:4TwG;

:x (p'lx)

~rTtVG 'O:wAl ~ L1?~20

AND ~:: r) EC( E - ~

IN ABSENC.E O~ V/SCO()S

FORCE'S

MOMENTUM:

~t

.~

(a"-

Pes/TIVE SENSE 6lVEN

ai)

1or+ ~2'J
r- +,
~z +pg,+/J- [-1-a (av,)
2

=-

"BV -VP OR DIRECTIoN Ot='

DE'CREASIN6 -PRESSURE

v.

PWc+ v7a r +~+v,-r;

r ar

ar

-b)

SIMILARLY" ANY FLUiD.... '5TA11C

OR MOVINq.... HAS nils SAME'

'N~WENCS
TEN'D

e WILL
I

MOtIF oR

To MoVE IN THE

DtR~CTION

'PRE'SSVRE

01= D~CRf'AS/N<S

c)

9..17 A5$OM,W~ IN ~t&ea

~WJ (bm(}.J()rrY ~ Yt6t.PS

rU"C :::.~~ l.J~GLS ~2~=O

9.1l/

FoR

I-DIM STEADY FLOW;

Vx = VX' (X")

V'1 == Vz

NEGLECTINg

9)

=0

pVx ~
= -p of" 4. [1.lp~tf"J.{itx
dx
<.it [~ 0.)( J
oJ(
(jX

TI!5U'S

~ E-4
r direction

rt'

av, v.%t' +v,-+-

ar

~~
i,))+,a7{_~~+ij;,]
0

+v, Z)'
z

ap

il

ar

ar r ar

1 il

=--+P8r+/J-[-(--(

a ,

Iii?

ryao

i,

Pz

9.{9

Tw~&~

~ (P~3lYi)~ Jqr

or

2-

~ ;- 5" '(fS.DS
IJ direction

( /fiJ,
Pat

iJv.+.LV'+~~+~+Vz av,;(

~IB

Tz)

~
() +?2~+1z!J
IJ z .
a, (1-, -iJiJr (ro.) ) +,.
,

laP
= --+pg.+/L [iJ
-

Sf.t1(.oTw @ -lfe e,., ~

%

dt
r
tre :zfCr) ~ trrz~ -z0.

U-sUKt ~-\6"~/~ T~
TJ.tt5~

"iJIJ /,

\.-sTt5 Lgr

iJ(}

~ ~ &~ ~ %(je~O
W~

~
peJi
e..(n~\~))
at
or\: 1 ~
%

W~~(Dg ~Tf4tS E"nlir-JS

~.

9_a? A~<.we: ~y t1..ow"

~~~~J

, direction
av,+ vav,
v. av,- -v/
-+
- + vz av,)
p ( al
' a, , aIJ,
az
ap

[a(1 a

= --+pg.+/L
-a, -, -(rv,)
a,
iJ,

iv,_2 av.+iv,]
+,.,1 -=aIJ
? iJIJ a?

~[.L d. (r LJ~)l -:. D

dr

r dr

'J

~ .LQ...(rtJe}=:~
ra-r
~~

'tJe ~ ~I fur . . . CzAr Q. LYe ~ 2.12.-.1

/tr l4 L1 ~ I4. .a ~

lJe".!fe~n,t(Q:Q2Q~OJ~~.
r('

)..J?~~,

CHAPTER 10

=1r ~;;r (rVe) - 1.r

~
C1e

Wz = ar
~V9+!(\h
r'

_dVc)." Q.D.

I)

;]9

d '1'= -~dx +vxd~

JO.3

== -(VQOsirtoc)dx +(~cosoc~

0/= -Voo(sirlol.)X + ~(coso<)~ + V'o

Ja'i VO=1~(rvr)r..L~V9 =0

r ar

('

;;6

LET r Vr = ~lP ( r'~ 8)

()8

+ 9Vsl.= 0
Lar (tl)
'as
O'6J

V'.O = J..r~
r

b...;;.

10.2

~ ~r

-~

tt~t

Wi! = ~

: lirK
At ...O

=~ ~: }

. \viiiI

Ve

= -.g]J!

-ar

= -!f

:. Q. E. D.

la~

ifQ.r1-'1r (rv81rtAt"-r~I ...)

Ar

At:

.At .,. to..n-

&l (s v..Gzo DJZ Vf-:'O

Ust~ ~

2'1 + P.l
~O
ayJ/

TAN ~=Z

IN THE' LIMIT,'

.J{r Vgl r+Ar - r ~ rr)

~}....~

- Vr 18+6.9

~'

Ar

t.z

rb 5 3 5
21 -:: -- X. - xY
B....
S~ lJ":z V 0/ {bsnJ.J<XTY
J

(V. . le+A8 -Vr!e).Ai

r'Ai9

= li~

~y-

(0( +,s)

cAt.

G.;Z

:. Vr

t3

(9'1' tv.J - 0

'0 X ::30{)

\0)6 -

lL 2 ~
x ~

V...19

rAe

5e

:=

Cl!P. :z 5~Z

ar

= \'/oe

10.7 VI'

CoS

e (\ -

~~)

ALONG STA6NATlON STREAMllfltS

e=-~

/O.b IN CO~E

"v~ i.e.
- -tr--

d"P _

"

dt'

~ Vr- = -\Jo,o ( l- ~)

w-- -p'IW

b) ~\lf' = - 2 tLo a.a 9Vrl _ -2lbo

~r
--;:-3)
c:a. T

()t

ar:

Dv:-V:l.C,.
r

Of:

V= Vmruc

"00

?l~) -"P(o}: P UM~{"Rrd(' =e. lJttt2

1(2.

I1?ROTATIONAL:

'P + U2 : 'Poe,
p 2
P

Jo

(r ~ R)
'\1=

Vt'H '"R

So

10.9

IZ u..,.2-

PoO - PC R) -=

I~ ~

THU 5.1 "'Pot::) -1(0J -=,tJ \J w?

:.

a.) MAX.

= ~fP
=- ~
,.0
.002<f
WIN]) YfLOOTV

pU 2
2

"Pi"

=126 t?S

OSIN6 ""BERNOULLI

1=>00 -1=>

13=1.5'
SO T/rvtE

.... ~ : "$l

'R2

20

VlI ==

= J.q

c.) IN

CoRE

l?

'IJ -=

B -= P-r ~J.=r:jP';

'" = 3

"R~

"Po =(2116-3i ) +-g~~

Po = 211'

.". e%! 30; ! ISO O

=V... L [(::f -

~ ( ,.,2~ ~)

L2

fJ V2. = P\1'".r: -= :3~ r-t

Ra

\ vel:: 2 \b, si)19

s:tJ

~
U ( 2_ u 2)=a
;; )( -= :3
---e
>f
-'
;)u
L-~
J

(31'.5: 131.5 = /.5'6 5

Voa I -=

= Vo02.

V'j -= BaS _ -6 Lbo )(9 -:: - ~cp

~~ L-:t
~x

f.::

V2

o= V rp =VX' )( -r V~ e.~

= !!~2: I'~~ (~ t-= IOpsf

pUm2=3~

sl~e =.5

10./0 a) <p

b)

CONSTANT

-=+>00"

HENCE J

VtM=126f~

-3'l (I - t'.t/R~)

VARIATION = '3"'8 'Psf

59

1- f(X)

:3

VoC) X.l.

La

t-

'1(~)

WHEN

'-P=O j '1 =0

OR <j

=!".J3 x

W~N ~=O ).

----l-----":~~x

4/::0

b) =

u,,!

=- t} = u.,

Vx

ax

-=

~g

afj

= ~X'
= -~
1:
ax

u2

~= ~

'j

2L

:l

l ' 'P= -\.lx, )(.1 +~(u)

+ f(:xI)
- 21.
\.J

10.11

Cf= 2r35ln~ ~ e:J ~ '# 0

~: D (Se~ fc
)TUQ) LQ 'f~~
J

V f(:

(6r9A~04~ +~~) ~

,2: r~ 1~ ASQ-ULtS

2s~~

8/~ r ;'PLar
WHEN 'V=O j

'('

'1 = :t X
~

'1'=0

------~+H~----X

c) ; = Vca L 1M ( )(2 +~~)

lO.t2-

Vx

VCj

VaiL 2x

2""

= VooL
2

_ d lJl

)(2.+'j2. -

Olg

~
--21
X~2. - - ~x

t- 0 -= lf r$ln9 + 2iQ S
tD

6'( OeFlAJlTr61J

f:ao

r~OJ ~ If'! ~>o

Is-W& lwe. 8=6

\.e:Tltl;

~v,;; \(

Ax,$'. ~ li_~O
(f"~ ~ G:;irrTo L~) OIJl;
GB"~ Yzee ~ \2~ Q.
St, 0
'(
Zilttl
I

'I' = ~
~o.."
-f(.!i)
+f(x)
2.
x
x
IV

= - ~ L ~~ to..,-'(~) T <3 (<j)

:. 'IJ= Vd)L[tcl~tl(t)-io.n-I(~~

r ~2IilMit(.a \
e-+o

~w.e)

~VRCE AT ORI61N !.p=

10./3

m ==

SOURC. STRE N6TH

tp

FREE sTR EAM

tV=

TOGETHfR
Vr

Wte
p2Tr

=! ~tp
,.. ae

~~

-p + tpv::t =
'Poe

=Vc:o y

=0

AT

a =71

p uc%)~ = -p i- f

O~ TUE HUT

Va) g t- ~e

:. P="Poo

211"1'

F ~=

=VcO C05e +..ttL

:.27Y' r

pV2

v= 2 (/a:I

'SI'rtlt

t-! PVoD~[t-l{'5;",~e]

ro t'lleo2E-l/~;n~~ +45;~
'R~'rle de

r'sine

Or'

t'

CONS.TANT

F~ = 2 f' 14' Rr'LSin~e-~iYl~Iv\~

$=11

r=

(;)

_ Q.

zrrP l.4x,- 2'ii~

F~= 2.Rp~ [j-

lall.{ As ~iP = pDv

~~

Dt

=pBft V(~2)-o. (V'xv~

=0

- 2'5," 2eoJ

WHE'N

10.16

/WD FLOW 15 STEADY AND lR'RoTATJONAL I

Vp

= - P \l (~)

OR v?= -p vVv
BUT AT STAGNATION PolNT v=o

HENCE

vP=o

10./5'

LIFT FoRCE : F~

d,cj

= d 1= ~iV1e
= CR1~lae -~
." mosiY\ede
. t'ovt ~10'.e)
'"'
'..1

(ir
F~= Jo (1=>~-BYR'5IY\ed8
FROM BERNOULLI EQUATION

61

~~TIDkJ 1blJ:r'S tLc~

S~

Bv QacLe.5.

de

h.

-.1~___~--L

~5~
Sr.tq.u..trl~ 'G/\Xj

)6

<1- lfa>rsut6 + ~
2'rr
0. _g..~AnClJ -g,AJT
O=-~D 1~s (Jr: ~2D

lJ: =..Lo~ _l.(~ + I.[r~\

r r W
r 2IT ~
Y

0:
~ - LJtp := e:>
or
~10 e~1T)

If. ~v.tb
c:IO

ra:sn =k=- Q.

S, Ar ~~JJA17o.~ VDlAF
)("Z

-~ -= - l.~ :::- D.02~j.t-\...

'(: () Z'i1 tTll)

tf= - Ie( ~ r ) ue = ~

21Tr

Z'ti

Ol2(qw 15

l.J~6,lJ

Sr~N.crm ~1...Ll& l.5

~-:! I5QDrStnTI + Q1I

K.

2it

Z'ir(2a) 4~a.

Lfe (-.:tJ 0) '" -I(, e~

A~ If(a,O): -1

~ ~ ~ rSUA<9 +-~
211

etf

WH~ e:1t~ rSUA8=y:z..

i?.J~ -~)~ $.0.007"1

47f(l.

s;'~

-z

. ~vs

4tT<l

Z'il9

b. &py lJ~(Gl~

Itr \krtk: .

.~ ~ f(1,o) ~

n~

'fVO#!J'Q(.-=~ - t:t.+~1r
2.'iT
G2.

C. A.7 Lt~s?~6. ~ ALL Tf; h.olV

b~AT

(,)0"

Q=~(2h)
h:z ~ = I.q

W~

D.Cf>33W\

2o-lt) 2-S
d ~ tv1Axl),AJ.,W) ~ ~

'0,22.

\.EIlMM~ '" V Ple)

ZE,=O

p.

,.GlT,

11 O-I:tr - ~

1'P Ilt8d9
5

' GT
=0

1/: ~TM +~ J(~:-U1-~ LJ:-2'ts m,.g

Iff "'~D ~M~~')p.jlf2Ijfs2eJ9

I~T ~ (~. - ~A\1t'\'D +.2. O{y"z.. V

.,J'

,j

(, J

~O\za

~ 10.\

,LV

1.257~N

IzN

CHAPTER"

fI.r

1)

(1..)

cv

(MIL')

( L)

(L/t2)

n
"P

( 'Ii;)
(L~/tJ

11:= A'P

112 -= p

~=~

Db w G Q j

fJDV

'O'3w

17; f' a.. Db W c,,.a ;

(MLYt 3)

i = rt- r =- Z- 3 =S"

r;r; = pa.. DbWC.~""p ;

77;= PDaW
~

I/.

CORE ($ROUP (p I "OJ w)

tjI

1l;=t1 (8Y INSPECT/ON)

11; =fQ, DbCJc H
~=~

BV GEOMETRIC SIMILAR/TV:

=.J2.L

.I

v=

7r cl2J =..L 'Tl'D'2.L

i/

:. ~:: (3)~ ::

11.2

(LIt)

(L)

(MIL')

.
t=

BY 'DIME:.N SIONAL
~

n; =D c4.

Vb

fC,)J.;

7T;. = DQ, VbpC: e ;

~'P

(M/Li-a)
(M IL3)

(I It.)

t:

L - 13"

J.I./l/2'"

a.)

ANALYSIs:

='DQ.w pC 'P
b

b:. -3J

'-t=-5'"

(D, V, p)

71i =Ai

c=-I

:. 7(, = _:Po.--_
,ow3 D5"

1-

r;rvjJ - 1Rc

FaR DYNAMIC

rrr; = L

SIMILA'RITY:

'"P
(
--P
p4.)3"C~ model - ,aW3 D6 proh1:'jpt

~=[~ ?fjff.r

(L)
D
3
Q (L /-t)
)A
(MILt)

=(3.3-~/"3j3
:.

6-3=3

CO"RE 6 Ra./P

31 _ 3d

-c 3

I>

11.'3

1)~ _

I = La. (Vc)b (MIL~t MJ:~

5"-'3: 2

CORE GROtJP

d2 -

'4

J.
3

(P.I 'OJ w)

tC4

l.)p:.

3-$'~

3-2/q

O. 'T13 ........t - - - - -

1:,)

11.5"

MODEl

,,1>

20 knots

).t

/Olbf

1)2

Cmo.x

"PRoTOTVPE

fJ

9 1<

MOo

-3 ,

tOO

-2

~ = '3 -.....- - - - - - b )

.:

(bD)2

f3 M L

0(

l= n-r' =

Z-3=S

FOR DYNAMIC 51 MILAR ITY ;

.: No.

~'" =1~;p

G'Roups ::- 5' -~.-------

Dvpl ==

~:: Vp(~

,u

v~

'iT; -=

.fI;. .t)= 6v

.:

rtf

DVfJ(
A- ?

.= I 20

=M LJ., ~ c CMX
I =M~ Lb (LlP')c M L)lt ~

Krto-t5

a.)

0.

a. = -1

1TS

ALSO FOR DYNAMIC 5IMlLARm'

u.~

r?::

=C

10= -/
I'Mtl.X

~Q.Lb~cf

fAI?
F,.. (}t. %. ti)= F~

71S = twf' Lb~ c 'R

:. Fp = IOlhF

3b

J.ri.

11.'1 IRe = L V J,
1) "llIa.,....

= (r:s.'1X22.2)(/OS)=9.21_'cP
J.'3~76

b) "BASED OW ANTE NNA DIAM.

Re. =6.1/ ./0-3 (2.2.2 )(1021.3?6

L
p
9
1<

oJ

a.)~ASE'D O~ LEN~TH

/I.' VAR tABLE

= I. '2..&, 70
~L .10-5' ,..,45
@ 2iOK (~'1.6F)

0(

11~ = 1::1175 ="R-c.)

; V"

= -/

ML~

1lq =

C~o.x

=EtA?

ELA-I
p m -U2

112 =/3

0<,

'IT3

OF" DIMENSIONLESS

= I~
/1.1 JI.
~L

;16" (1.97./0'1)

=COIJSTANT

'/::a.

--'-m Lp
.."., -

(~) = ~;
--. \1"",

11.10 NAV/ER- STOKES EQUATION;

'Dt

= _31 b
O~

+ )) "12 V

..J

V-p

MODel SPEeD
S?E'ro

Dv = Q _ vP

=0.1

NONDIME'NSJONALl2JNG;

= 31. 6 dlo

OF

DO ~

VC)C)2

FULL SCALE SHIP.

,.. P' ;2 r7"~

S
- ~L;:"'P~-VoO
v r"
I

#' =
Dt

11.9 RJR

SIMILARITV ReM

=~FULL.
SCALE

TMERATUR NOT GIVEN,!

ASSUME

'H2 o = 10C

JH,.o = I. 3x/o-6

W1~

= 2.'1'l>C10-6 wsl

LJV

I -- ITLvI ...u.,..--,
~

Um =

h~

1l,2.4Cf/o-6

/.3

10-"

vF.s.

La
DO~_
9L- vp*+J v~ o~
- U~2

Dt*

JAlR ~ ,.":>(105' ~

'MR = 2t;OC

+ J Voo 2 V'.,. 0:/1

J ~ LF.s.
.J
VF,s.

Lm

.q :: 122.3~
5

L~

~ = ..!.. - V~1l'~ ~~
Dt
Fr
1t?e.
11.11

SYM80l..

MASS TX COEF.
'DIffUSION CQEF.
DISK DIAM.
ANGULAR VEL
DENSITV

M
L

K D

77;=

Lie

K
D

Lo/t

a..
p

\/t
M/L3
MILt

0..

I
-3

-I

-I

V1=b,

r:'3.1

PIMEWSION

Visc.osrrv

fj>Jf:

-: )

-)

i.= 6-3=3

d/o..~pnk;

cia:

~=..D.
2
cl

<"i73 = olAa. Vp~.

J

F"l. = .0262

hF.S.

(K..

rrr;=~

f'd~o.

J;L ) lReJ) = 0 ..
d 4 o.
VAR II 0. AND/oR d

I'"

,. da.

=_,
my
a.)

Tl-IEij ~oR FIXED VALUES oT: ~

'RoT I:>Af;1Q. vs. ~a...
b)

IU2

SYMBoL

FLOW RATE"
DIAMETER
5HA~SPEE.D

VISCOSITV
5U<F. TENSION
DENSITV

r =3,

r'l

Q.
'P

L?/t

N
A

\I-t
MILt:

0-

M/t 2

MIL:!.

-/

=b

Jl.1L(

PIMEW510N

11"; = L/D

O'R

113 = p~NbDcO""

V\

_11'2= pND~
"M

tt\

(7-

fV\lt:1

9
r:r

-2

~ =~"J.pD2
T

-= f (LID)

,
0

RPM
VOLUME

\ It:

L~/t

M/L3

Y\::.6

MILt
L=6-'3=3

"'P"DP

I
-3

0
0

~.1:...
II. =pD~4i

=-P"''D 1o pc. W

-t

PIM.
M L2/t 3

1>

DENS\TY
\I'ISc.oslTY

.-113 =pffiD3

11./3

DIAMETEJ<

CORE (f\RDt)? :

'D- L
P - m/L3
9 - l/t2

POWER

"

~YM.

r=3

M-rn

-3

Yf

II.IS"

11, = p a ~ 10 DC Q ----=-ir, = "ft:>:'

p~NbbC,L{

t
-l

:. nD'W = t ( LID)
G

'112.=

0
\

-= P N1)

COR E" GRo()~

0
0

L
1)

L= b - 3 = 3

M
V\

~ -pa.DIIa pc Q

'IT = ~
2

P <;(3

-2

-2

BV INSPECTION

tLl6 FOR DYNAMIC SI MlLA'RIT'I,I)

~ ~ :.lRe. Fa L...L
:. tFlM

==

UF. S .

ScALE

LF.s.
\.- r\\

VM

67

JM

J t=: '5

=60~(~)F.10~
=2LfO r)'\ph
5
2.
10-

/I. 11 AS5UMIN:S /NVISCID EQUATiONS)

~ DO
Dt

-tiP +PS

MAKIN6

EQUATION DIMENSION-

LEss: V

:=

to

+(~
L

)t L~

=~~)

~)
~2.

JL =

&.

~((

mode.!

SCAle

:2.sr""/s

V
L

'f;L f(><L"J t~)

L
~)5IZE" = 2 "" =.005~6 ~

OR

11./9 I=R

O.lfl n\
45'0 rpwt

!2. '15"

"360

VE LOC lTV

_ \J ~

1r

v""
V =~ lM
L

~-~

=. 422

Vm: ~~IA60

F.S.

F.e;.

= O.qc;q I

VJ::S.

=671~'
.~ ''5

~/5

b) TIME- t: Uoc = canst. a'R 1: - 1:.

L

t*- _

f; -

'1.0

Lwt ~

tltt:: ..!1:.
If.t:t

II.JZ IRe. mode.l

PP

<i

= 3~ Hti..,.

1,,.

-==~

I'M =ArM. vp
OR '"PwM

Lw.j.Le. -.lr;
LW' - J1.

P Vry. -

L?

VIM

=-1)401

'Pl'oto~f:e.

)1"",

~~a

Lm

=E~.s.

Fr:s. =F)I\ p v~\ F'.~

pv:L\to\

Af'S

PrM

ql./)(-..-L
)2(:2.ct 5'12N
.'10<} ~- .~I j

\j.q'l

FF.s.

vp Lp ~

v-,..,

FF.S. :: 2'lS (,.

L.W\ ?

Tp ,up

b) TH-~05T: EM

= SZJ

'300

ToRQUE:

Q --= FL :. QF:s. = QM(F"

.v LF.~
LM

FMA

QF.S.

20 (5'~30D) (-:2.({~)
:ailS

25',5"/1 Nm

. /1 )

1\.20

1\.2'2.

IN he$r~NT(,~/~ Is W~

g W=-\7f+)AV?ll~ -I)
f.!1t$(~

QY.E..

L/I/

ilt:

d(L)

V(L)

. \ _ /_ \ f.
~

I \~

r7 .,r;:?.y<

~L.-~Lb..JI'" v.uy

~~~ ,let::5~,
~tVt~ l~(O~) tv5

"-

l~

dJ
YD )

~~AJ

T~ GrO D="THE ~ vrry

~}./\To

(J.vLT)

V (Lfr)

\~~

~~z~~+31~~-l)
n.+-" .~(5c::Z)W'
C 7D

o!.-Il..

)1-

J lM/L~)
__

l~ o-~ ~ u-/~;\t~ v;,-l/L

Ou;~AtJ\C

a (/v\A: )

mt. hpzn~ -rt~t ls

Oy'1)
.J-i~~
/

X> 3~ ~~ i\\l-g W~$

D) ~) V f() ~7 {JD~V 7,

1ilu:;
I \.Z I

0't cfr2-J

S (M/k1 )

JIrD= ,~/ :lEi. ) Gli'l

'I \

(L)

1\_'25

t (T)

5StEW

TIJ~ Is ~ 9IMENSt:)N~"5S

A? (r!Lz.)

q~u?

Q( L'L/t ;

L..

t=.t

12_ ~

lz.EtIs
S

/:4\.i"2

~ ~H.&)

L.

?(~-t!LZ.)
L (L)

r2(L)
"'\

T~lJS T~ ~LD Sf; 4~~

VIA {~(D(;; WE UA~o

4r ~ Z. tzEt

cit

net-I)

1,.

f'S.,.
~ug

'j'V" )

VA2L~

Q(L)

~rS

We.~

/-

6JLt

"8 r4

It
z ('?/~
5

'\)

~r j

/0

._A.

~~---~-",-~~-~

69

.-7

J;.. ~N h:X7C~

Q 6.111;, , i.Mr Grow

~TAl.V~Q - ~Qh

m~ d:4:~t~ A- Yr~/z,

0/. 2i

1)= ~

CHAPTER 12

pV2 PI ~=.l(.OO23?~JJr([;g"'AJ

= J.?bb

v= 1ReJ
15

pv2AR C]:)

SO

Df =.!.pV2~C-r
2
~L>-t

rfa)(293.33/"(itof

= ~ (. 002 3"Y1!

21100 (.011)(.75') Ibf

=202b~)(~O~p~}
a)

WHEN

V= 500

(SEA L.EVEL)

P =A,

l.bS

/1'-

1<e

CD

Dlbf

J.{3~ ?l5"0

.1.11

.021

100
12S

Xb,505
108, J3J

.lft

.0'03

1,0
115'
200

.11"1

J 29,759

.130

.lIb

. ,'Z3

1'T30/0()I)

liS'

. '311

225"
2S()

21"/262-

.If? .

. '10

.li~2

2"15
3CO

25'9, ")15

;"3

325

,-ZI/I'I2

.2

350

302" ':;{/4

. lin
373

.I

.21&

lfOO

31f6, 02.1

.08

.220

""P'1

b) WHE~

__1R.e.(.ISq)cIO-?)

611, ?'19

p=. 000 'T3? ~IUlj5/r;p.

( 5232 hp)

Ibof

?5'

Ib f

Of ::' 3Q21./ I~t

12

1.'5"61R~
10 3

V fp~
So
122 "DRAG = ~

2.
. 10-S'"Cn V2

V= 200 mpk

Df =

202b llof

(IO~ hp)

/2.3 SPHERE IS SIz.E OF A GOLF BALL

1ReC.R\T1CAl.

== 2 lOS"

2./o'ii"

l/

If=:J./o'!i .

\.J

J= }.1/9/0-5' mys

AlR @ 20C

~D=

100

V= :;'10 5..;2,

f.'19/0-~ = 70. 9S

200

300 '100

-h:>s

12 S" ~ TRANSITION c::: 2:/05'

~x

Wf/S

l/2/0- 3

=~
V

X = JJRe.TRAf.ls
V

=1.l.Iq -/0-;; .2. /os = 0.099

'30

12.l/

GOLFBALL SIZE SpHERE

12.6

F/UD

V~ @

[[)5E OF B.L.

vYt

v~ =~ ( Jxl.OO )~ ('It' -of)'1. =5

12.9

~ = 2~ (IO-8.2?92)= 0.1"

OR

@ T= loo"F
lRe.)C

JAiR

= x,\VtlO::

=O.\ll16

X"'. gg
\2 .Il) '10.3

=~O/S76 x"

2/)J2~

0.5"32

'IO,S":;

0.376

'61,031
121,5'11

O.U6

C, =0

;/':1

(q) VA' ~~

v~ -Ff/s

'IRE-x

CONDlnoNS:

(I) V)( f)} =0

(2) V't( (F) = VxF
(3) av~ (d) =0

HIs

x"
.s
:3

"BOUNDARY

v;Re;c

Vx = C, +~ f:j + <:3 y~ + C"f ~3

Va-

dX"

:. ;)2Vx/

~ ':S.2

0.211

'j=O

== -JP +..M~

d~.2 ~ =0

FROM
2

X"

C2

(i)

t C3

C~{Jt

FROM (3 )

0= C z +2C 3 +3C'i

}=RoM (~)

-F 2 dvao = 2C3

_-. Vx =- ~..1
V1(S
2 $

FL"OlJ.

(iY-

d.X.

1= C2.+ C !>+C,{

(2)

12.7

SEPARATED

EQVAnONV
~

NO, "BERNOULLI's EQUATION

IS NOT VALJD IN A '"REGlON OF

...

= - \/00 cJ. Va1

~ 2 VXI

~$ =

9lj:l

=..L 4P = - I PVooa'4
~ dx
;a
cJ.x

FROM 13ERNOULLI
:.

c::tx

=V~=O

v)(

@ '1=0 ..

dVx
~

~X

_1 (~)3
;a E'

+ 2 ~(~ _ 2(Y)!f!!~)
4J dx

/2.10 \Ix

lJ

It}/

= a. sin bg

Vx=o @'jzO
Vx = Ve:%) @ ~= 6"
~VX =0 @

v~= a. S;r1bE

f1=d

~~

o =Co-sbd:. bF='% :.
1J

a = '.100

12.1/

Vx

VJ.= 2 V~ ~

=VE Sir11T!i
= 2VQlX
:2E
it

p=~o - 2pt&,2

SlYlltl;&

=~-2"oVC: ~

SIr12B

~ = -L/PVaJ2 x
dX

0.. '2.

~.(dpV/' 0.'1
Jo
-Veri)~ pvxd~

- d"d'P = To +
dx

ux

~ = II d vx\
o r
~ ~::o

== 7r)J. Voa>:
a. d

~ (" EPv)(~&~ == ~p v"'~\t (dX '2.

ax )0

dx)o

0.2

,_ eos'Ti::5Lr dg
-

= 21' Voo:2
0. 2

d (JX'J.)

c&

Vs

ct)~ p V" d~

41' Voo X

0.. 2

::: ~p

'11

Vco-:J.
0..2

cI

dx

><

2-

rax"SiYl7i~

Jo

:::zE

d~

i.. (d"x)
dx

COLLecrrt-lq 'iE'RMSj

.: 8" -= ttxo.lS.... ----------0.)

~

4p"&1{~x) = qreU ~ ')( + 2I'Voa2d(&~

Q. :1
a. t
0. :z olJC
- zpv!..?)(

"fret

7rc..'"
$)(

= 11A

d- (bx)
&x

VQ:l'X

~,I)Val"Xo

a.E
?~
- YJllof-$X + d clr~p vco~)C,... !PV~ ~
'1ic..::1
-ax[ a.~
~o..:i.J
IN LIMIT AS )(-+0;

dS ~ 0

a)(

12.12
12.13
;(

X'+dX

XF~(( VXpCOn1tAt~i(<< ~~dV

oti).4C. v."""

Jlc.s.

g~=PJ"I)( -RtI)(t"AX
-tP}X+.4X

J:zlL{tIO-S"~2.

1I?e.= Dv @ 60 F
J J

11771/11111/11//777/7/7

1<& <:103

FOR THIS "REGIME)

"Re. =oba Y ; ~ =I

'1'::0.001/6 ~5

~=\asI '1'== \.1"3 Wo/s

V<

.: 0.0016 ~5 ~

\. \"3

~/s

+r1x (J1XtAX-J/x)-1; AX

-----:2--

f1.s.vxpev .~)dA -= L[pVx:ld'1\xtAX

-Lip V/d~\x - VOJ(~:f Vx ~~ IXtAX

V= 1.5"9 10-41 er%;

R~ = (O.'2/12)(OZ)

Q220

1.S''l/o-4/

- tdpvxd'j}x -V'joAX)

FROM 'F16.

f D1VIDINq "BY AX:

-'P\X+AX -'P'~ JIXtAX 1" (Pi XtAX

REARRANGING
~X

AIR. @ ~o1=

-Ft>: /'3
\

12.2

'0. .2

l~

CD ~

1.:2

)(1.2)(O.O?6lfXIT):J..

=.SOII"'f-

2 32.11Lf
.:

Ft> = . S'Ollhr

-1'\
pI -XI1)(tAX
-~IX)-T0
~+ I)(.
AX
2

== j:pv/dY\XtAX
-veo

i!

S: pV/dlj\x

~x

pVx

d~I)(TAX -

fa!' ~d,:!~

+Voo~o

IN THE LIMIT AS

dX-O

-a ~ = To +I(,,~. + ale ~~ pV:c!~

_ \/, 4.(c3 P~~
CD

~)o

REPlAC1NQ

J'f =1x (J VCXI~

~ ~

b)
~

J; ....~..-------- ~

VX:' aSlvt

VXd

6j

51r1rtr;:i
2~

"B.c. V.,.(lJ =-Vx[

~:x (S} = 0
.:J

b) FOR A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

Vx$ = 2 VQ') 51"(\ 'L
0.

WHERE

VxJe2._

5" ~

0.'11j)(
V)(~

V,,$

s: Sir15(~)d~) = =fS\Y\~~ d~
_ - Si\1 'I ~ cas ~
5

=.!15 - J.

cos. ~ {2. + S;r'l~~)-SiY1\cos~

=~ ~ -

G?s

,~

= 2'19 /s

_! co.; ~ (Z +Slrt2~)
,s

6) IRe = IQ.l ::: VD

J
U

et.=:

(2XI5)

THIS INDICATES

A WIDE 'RANGE

O~ VElOCITIES

(AT v= .ISfpsJ IT IS Nor VALID)

0..

o.47)~-casl (~tL('Sil! +3~j,,*~

~

c)

THAT THE

EXPRESSiON t5 VALID OVER

sin' x s;Y\~

a:

.IS fps

I/l/~

~(gtq5in2~ t3sin~~]

~Gl2= o.'1f[1-cas~('irl5in:li T3~in'l~li

,)

= (IQ:1X ISq'IO-~) =

Sil"l6~

VOl>

VxJ;2 2 Va, sin

As x-o

12.1'E D -= CoA ,oVco2.

a.

dR.

=.S-(2. '292.XI. 22G)(30)

xa. j

:2

74

631.1'0 N

= 30ms (631.10)= 1095"o.Q\V

POWER

= 25". '1l1p

FoR b 'hI/s HEADWIND

1D = .S-(2.2~)(1.22b)C36)2.

12.22

W=VV= t~VCoAJ2

2-

= '109. 6'1 N

fo" :: O.CXJ2(9i9

=2721''1 W

6 Y)1/s

= 36.b hp

TAILLJ1ND

:::: 1212<1 W =16.3hp

12./9

L= CL ~

: 19.~

;;: a4(1.22'}(~4.7)2('2.2'i)
~

::: 1122 N

IZ.Z3

~\

CL.

'v

\bf

tr

-p"? O.{{i8fO-? ~"l

~:: '{Q:: 139.3 '2.~IiL

7

2~.2

Yp

b W= gEE ~:: 15.70

5>0
<.:Ay T=UJ

pv 2 A

!2:)

2.

'PoWER -= 30 ~ (L104.2Q ~)

-,

W=~ .2b'RttJ (lOZ."1).?i(25.i3J

lD= .5'(2.2'1)(,.2.2')(24)2;;: "I (j/. 2. 'HJ

5(~/fP'

?ttO~ =6. ll' 220 7

PoWER :. 30 !t1 (qoq. 6'i ")

s
FOR

D,I~-{6-3

~ = 2f)2, au ~ %0.4
I

12.:20

D'R A6

=~ P V2 Co A~

FOR EQLJAL

DRA~

AT TIlE

<;A6R= Ct,AI~ATE

SAME

S"PE ED

Ct)A~

= .5"(2.2<1 ,..2) -=

CD APlATE

1.''lS"M~

= \.01 .'iTt> 2. ["iRe. > \0'4]

'1

.: I> -= l.20J
12.2.1

JI):::

Co A

t pV4

=1.I1(irlb)i (.oo23nXI7(,)2

b_1kt~ ~ =~ SN'LC't> A12<' Mi='0

??~u
..~~(_/~
. ) -- . __
C)\......
~if

JD:: o-lZ8I.16(1~.33}i"-ID7
2.

i44

ID :? 0 .42 l~f
C. LAMiJJAe ~LA$J2.
(As D'5d..~ krYtr; END
'at: ~ 12.2).

It.2.4

:}

1~.2S

J}~ 0.16.1 /0 ~~ .S'T4rlTtN~

AT ~ -r7.5'cf I Va 92J~ frs
2-

lFT:Z~fV ct~

-z

~.J64 V

CD

11>

.072-

.1014

15

A6
'B4.% .47

2.{)

2'45.82

.44

.128

Z5

307.l7

.10

.16k,7

7.5

gz.lB

10

12'Z.9(

ilk

C~ ~! I V~44.7~

If.2~ W: S~ Ot; = o. 52~'b

L= W~ ~gV'2,A~CL
Ae ~.B{ 1~1. / C,-:% O. 224

.(~

~l)5 gQ ~ Ll42
V

.Qz{5LO~:: 240

lb

@at/s

~Too kApID.lIJ.t ~TQ\E..

Is O.372s.}J~ lY

Qw~~

;' Slt1(X)Thl
/ (~12.4)

L =: 5(\'2~(44,7)1.Q) (2.29)
f. 8CIE tJ (W~ (~a::of\-!)

1Dz~~V ~~~== V 0/$,@

.2

'2..

1/

Is 88.5.

122'7

S~

/
I

U-Y(k',D)i G ..Tm;

NAVl6Q- - ~~ ~ AtT~ lJtu 1-

1b

JL

~
:d?-tJ(Uf~
8y1 .r~d)(
iJ( Y20

~A~\3

ls- lYm M5W WIND ~

TI-lOS

~~~W~5PmD

ZI?e :%.lJ~ .lY~~~'\~'L

12e2kjJ.a:me~y

12e=~
128 (~+Vt~~+tft.lf:'

~ ~(lfa>-t-~~tr:(trm~V)

""" O:(1~3r)
I.,O.I (Iae~ 2:91t0e i~~

-1."--

15.3 2CJl3A:z 044~ {o'2. cPs

-1.

V~d.>* ~ ~-k2 =- 14524

4- ~ ~ l5~ L +- lSi,t.

o.44It3!t~

T~(p

v.~

~~t~tJ... V)+ l( ~~J".. ~')

Tug Clt~ ~ TD V

a.~" ~7ft(z)(r4S2) ~14('87

t!>.~i

b~

KWl5Tl~ ~tt &-r~

T~~R.u~
~Nor-~.

Buz.

.\0 -t;

ak.1?O ~ \4}ffi)

~vt;_~~T~

NOTb. T~-rUi;

O~C:1~ _(O.-t; !t~

(S

lW~dN fu ~mLt; DJZ

'~:2.

os

ftk~

V45 ~ '~57 _\O-s .ft~

t.~,.~( V~2'(JtDV)

Nor 'Stow ~1Z.L~ \)J

~

~f\J~~~jh/(Ja>

I=

I~ .. '

155

77

(
\
;
:
S 7m
rlD I.S7/ )

1\7_

1Re.x

0
21()5

dLJ~

~~ G4't1

.5"

.111
.219

I
2

.352

0.321
I. Jt'
2.0'3

.'1Ql

3.SQ'

.I

= J+n

TRAHsmON Pol NT

'I

~=2'ltfi

FOR TURBULENT FLO\J~

d' _ O.3'g1
X - (""Rc).2

Lv
J}

2.

= (Y2)( LlO}3 = \-:l~ ZOO

13"'7
.7

v= AQ ==l((.u;)4.
.~b
= 0. 3'1 Hot/s
T

.Isq .,0-

0.) TlJRBULENT FLOW

CALCULATE ~t

Cfx -=

1';;' = a 022 5'f

O.OS?6

( ';f2(x) 0.7.

efL

=J. (L CL ax =O.o!;".f' (L
L..Jo

Vt

V;<2
ma.x

-0.2

c;{x

v= o:Z{? Vmo.x
:.

VW\~

:- O. f 16

0.006"07

JO.l/51

FOR 2 SIDES

:..jJ;.p

= O. '{It, ~.022!; = o.ori'll!!

= s.;r4L

~+= ~ijJ ~
J

= 0.00375

DRAG = 5. ?CfL.

:::=.0.0214 lb.

Hil)S

a) LAMlNAR

eft. = (~~Y2

H~o

=(O.~2373X I600XI.5)CfL

FLOW

':::110-

)-V
_
\'vxmc..x ~tl1Q.X'
I3.2ct
LJ

b) LAMINAR

VXmAX ~~

t\1/s
~

=0.0392 lb.

r:--~-J
J~

("PRoB. '-1.12)

~h1o..x == t:J. 07!J WI

D'RA6" =2(bJ Pv2A Cfl:

FOR THE Y7~ POWER LALJ

L(Tr2)0 )(

TX

= 0.07-2 ==

1./

me~

X,
13. S' ~L

Y);:

~-x

f.JAR
I

IF

~ = tj+)1 =

~,",(p

13.2'

SUBLA YE"R

::: 5
0.292

n1m

b) 'BUF"J:"ffi

LAVI:R

> y+ >S'

30

AY

= I.?SI./

.: ~~)C

Mtti\

= 1.~'2. ~tH

1'5"-I.?" = 73.25'" .........

13.&' MOMENTUM ,- pV2

P v3

EN ERG Y
@1i?e

,,-.J

-= IO~

.&- =~S-Jk)CO.2,\

l-s

6L

i~ ~~S- J

= 2. '3'1
MOMENTUM

~2

ENERV
Y2f1~3

~LUX

M
E

~pV~3
~
~L

.1
.3
.5
.1

.~:z

.1./92

.126

.5S3

.3f1S.4112

./68
.2.10

.601
.6QO

5/2

.:25:2

.61~

.5SQ

ON 6RAPH:
\) MoM-LAM
3) MoM-TURB
2) ENER6.Y-LAM q) ENER6'1-TlJRB

2(iJ

.q
.2

= f3~)

OL-~~~--~~---

() .2 .'1

pV .2

= SiY13j~
1r)
\-CL 2
0

~pV~

.~ol

.Oqq

?O1'

SOO

Zq

.195
.t/f

.355"
.?aK
.'i7

J .00

Ibf-

"IRe. = vL - 205?

1) - 3~6'1'IO-7 -

'I5S'

l. 00

= 2~" JEq .eft.

.OO3E

1.0

-2SIDE5

D= ~(.OO20qqX205)2(S60)CfL

.021./1/

.qq

-L
,~pVco3.

A = Tl/O2= SbOfP-

.J5'b

.q

.6 .8" /.0

r3.Q "'ORA6 =CfL ~pv2A

..M~It{~ rrt) pVoo2.

&1- Z

~6b

J.o
.X
.6

sin2.(i 1J)

.ofq

LAMINAR;

p Veo 2

.2S1

=pVoo2 f2.(-rJ
nuX' = f

~f'V~3

CJ()l/

v= V)f(~)
MoMENTUM

PV~'2.

c) CORE

'Z

D02.0~

0.) LAMINJR
CfL

=1.32X' = 0. OOL/65'
~

D= 11.26 Ibl

/.00

b) TURBULE'NT
O.OS'1&

cfj( = (vx/lJf2

79

IL/O 000
.I

4L::

0.072

eft = 0.0000664

:: O.Oo2QQ

~.2

D= 265"6 N

$:.

5".2,0

=. S'/O-2~

::" . 5"em

fl//oJ

=\0"

13.10 ~)<
COM"PA'RE'

13.12 0.)

C" ~ CfX
a) LAMlNAR ~:: S"x

J"~= 1,(1- ~.&)cl'j

fi&
3?6 ~

TURBULENT s:" _
'1" -

C;- _

.3=1,'ii"".).3
~ If"e ::

1Re.X 2

LET

b)

LAMINAR Cfx=

~ s: (1- ~) d(~)

~ = t{

J~ (.
~1
~ = )0 ~ -(1J d~ = 1-

LJ ':UJ

TURBULENT CfJ(

-"T7

lti;-

~tt
I +YI

=.OS''7~
'iRe)( .2

Cfr _ . 05'76 ~.3=

ef. -

S:'17

.66'1

1"3.11 Tl1R13ULENT:

o _ o. 3~

X - "Re".2

C _ o. on.
tt. - ~L..4.

1Re -

V.L
L-7

c) 2

T= 2oD C, J=IO-b ~}

'IRe 2D. =

Lj./OT

V1

(rt+lX (lt2) .

+ .E! =

==

D= fPV Cf A

=~ IOOOJIC)O''1200
=1I./0'7Cf N
efL = .00137

D:::r 5"l./, 'l2S" N

6'= .31(;, 20 =O-W3)')f -IL/.3cm

~.2

Bo

+(21X"H'2)
(~)CV\)

~
Vl

T\-IE SOLUTION \5

u=

eSA{

= e- fPr.x)clx 5~(x>e ~ P(lt} dxc( x

13.11

J; = V, I cl Vxd"i2t 2)
P

de

d;"t e e t-Vxcr G&

'X

<

Vd f.

O.022S

In

\ V)C~ (mIXr1t2)B

= vx~ d

lJxJ"(2+3"\e

,dx

11

MULTfPL Y eY

ekI

+-

)~

v~ de
dx

AND NOTE

eX! de = %Je 5N
dx

\14

=0.0225

n} clx

rS./~ LET eS-lt = U

EQUATIoN 15 OF J="oRM

WHERE
Q(x):

=QU()

~.

IhQ\~

"tl)(m-2)j
Ux~

l)

~} = ~(2t-3"\dIAtVxi
Li
Yl"} r).y.

~O.022S

tvxiJ

MAy VARY WITH X

EQUATIONO) J5 KNOWN AS A
L1N~AR

FIRST ORDER

DIFFERENTIA L EQUATION

?CX) = 0

=Q

-t C..I

c= ul){=o

I~J"

TM:A<XStE1;> A~ tSb

~v,lk(~~~

fr~+I~(Y1tiJ~ (~J~

~ + 'PC)() U

CONSTANT

~ Tm:.. VIcM~IM~
S1tn>~ ~~ &t~
~b-r~~

;L deSfil + e5~(2 +3,,') d v'x~

5'

vxr. s

WHeAl

~DtS~~<1~
hJ 8~

~VX
oCj

'3.I8VlC'''(~yJ=~O) t ~~./L x
+ ~Vx'L
~ y +
T

7'l1!...2 + d2.Vx'/.f
;;y
X~

0 Z

2.

"

~VX'I X~

~J(d~ 0

SiNCE AS V-Q

..

~/~a

.~ v/(X, '!J) "../c, ~ T C,.~4 t-C3~ ~

~ I'j=o etc.

;;;V'

:>

~/ (x,~)

tb,. :j:l. +~)(~

'j

;} V'; 1
~4j

e. te.

~eO

FRoM CONTINUITY

So~

;)V'/ + ;;Vtj' =0
;;x
d~

C~<j+ .. +b, +2b2'1+b,3X",=O

COMPARING COEFFICIENTS

X-/X/ ~'

TERMS.. WE

~=0.l

bJ=o}

OBTAIN

C 3 +2b2 =0

HENCE ~:'(XICj J = ~ y

+ C3XY

t-

V~I ()(,<1)

= -C3 '{2 ...

U)( ...v'jI / --

OF

+S y2

-c 3 C I '{3 - c.,... c .. y~
4

TAKINc$ TIME AVRAQ

VX .. V~ ..
TERMS

= -C g C, '1.3 t- HIQ.H E'R

"
THEORy

OR DE/{

~OR MIXlN6 L{;N6TH

\fx'V~/ ~ ~2.

BZ.

= V;t"R
(~)Vn -'~
M

AS ~~o

~Vx~(;x,

As Y=>"R

~ vx ~ v""

c;1~

~'1

ttl<

~ == ~o...~

CHAPTER ~

ru

Q == O. 56

= ~ = '0 ~'~~o.J ~s
~ (o~~'f

=~V +ffCe.-rfrM.it
o

P:: ~ [\/2.
+u 2
z + 3..
p 't 42
J 2
2

-Or +~dt,+U.,~

A?:: 2 (.OSq:;J~ (1.II)2(SV

R-'2.

32.2

q .b3 ps~

~ /~3.

:: 0.0542

= 66-=1 tbf

Ml\2.J!:>

~ - ~ = (PowR)
1t
cH

\RQ. = \) V = V.l2'1/i l)( I. Ii) = 2 q 5"

JJ
8 -Io-S'
LAMINAR
AP _ ,- - 2 r L V2 . . = \6
--"L - )~f -1) ) 't ~
P
0.0'2

\<'?~

w.~

4.~)(IO-b

P = 2'10

=l.fK tps

:. 300

J=

ff)2

"P2

?j;; +~-i:'lf"J

~.;.[~, +

p=

~D~.111

l'i.2

\1 L =

AP

1Rt!. ==

LAMINAR FLOlJ

Gl)ESS

g = '32.f<2
AL

32Jv
D c

OR ~;p _ L..
~f

'[)2

-r

=lS".I&ttf
5'?

~..J. ~IO~ 13.2~

~o \2'Y

32

=~ = 13.2'1' .\
Y

f""ps

h1.::

r>::2, -'P.

= AV=1l'D y;== aOOO?22 CfS

'i
c:J
oR Q = 2. 60 ff~n1in, = "lettS ~~

"

E:. ,oooo~'{
$i ::
r2
~

.003'Z1.{

O,~!; J

2(.003~)(2i'O"O'l)(.~s"I)=1:l17

~~

.= 3'00, 000 -/~

,o~

-aIO

()OO

as.;z ~

,9. 'lo~

=~p~ ::. if.XV1;lO'.Sb ~ 4441

?= 4'141 (25',2 -250 r/2/":1)

(i)~
____
_____

;::-250-"

Q. 4 ~ 25'S 000

.62

Ar

VI) -

-;) - 'iro"'J

= I. f5 G ~/s

lOS:: l'3.fC1

121
~

N. '3

=: '(,./3

.: LAMI NA'R J:"LOW

Q.

%=-3.bl~lo[~ +(3~D)~]

.b.}L2

e =. OOOlS fl.,

V=A'P S .Q.D

fj'j2

tf

= ff (1Re) %)

ff

-= \5" ps',

2c?O~

::: '/,413 I 30b . IJ, "'1/5

'D= .b2~ ~

S3

~~ 13

KW

DR..

6"'Q,! hp

~ 'P.: A"P,

W.G

I) A? MAltv' n> 'P'~E

GIVEN "PIPE J

A'P --

.f PV 2

V 2.
~
"i:)
\J 2~+~=rpt~

f iA~

:z.

fUNCTlON O~ e/O ON L Y
THUS ~?_ ~2-

.:1 'D

12 .-

'3) A ~NOZ2~
:2
u.. ~ PI" _ VEX,T
.:.L-+ r - -

;:;0%

\'2 (~\~ 6:2.'1 - ,'" ~"nc;'

~ 2t.3J ?o - 7. T..c r -'

AP

1~.5

t; = ~PlZK or 'It! -'c J

P.

t..~2 = A'PIIo.O (~02.J p.....

wHa,o

\lp :z.
~

A~ =ZK~~+t(f.f~~~

THE \t)EA 'BEHIND WATE~

CAL IB'RATION IS A'P. :: ~,~

w.~

3.20 KM

T2.
== V i-xfT _ vp:2 == ~ ~(V~ i"
~
~
2
Vp:1
I)
IT-

Al> Vp -= A\lOiZ ~ VE)OT

\.?2.(Ap'2_

~= 6."1 '/0- 6 jlM2/s

C.ONTI N U lTV /

p.: ZOo I

:. A~:::

K~ I ""~

v='.1~/5

'D

e =

\~~3 /

L:: 32q

p~

DOO~

~=

~::
jJ

.005'12

~~

I}

Vp:l

fi't:"t" 2\( :

Llf b + Ap

-0

:f 0 Aw?' . 'J

t)/e. == '=1:J,5'fOb) = I~

::: ~(.OO51:2)(32q ~) (l.I):2.

\: ,-:rl J ~Y()7

~y

Vp2 ==

~ = M~L:: Z'D11L (.'1/)2(1.1) S"~1.1{ ~

=lq41 KW

AN:2

K := !/ f! L~ ID
2K =;; -a:; t 3.1 +1.5 == 155

= l/t~1~
t>

:: 5".1

-"2

ADDIN6 T06ETHER

~e.:= llbJ Doo

~ = 13,Q"?
~

D=.l"~

e = . 000 ,5 ff-

t#o

2) 6."PFRtc.notJ

P
~?2

-=

f -=

,a

A'P.

FoR l=ULL'l' iU~ULE"NT J:'LOW,

So

+- A ~ + 6 'ij

'"

1'1.5;<) USIi

v= 1.57 /0-5.
lSp ~ 9.iripc'
0

1Cfl1
35.CY2 + I0:2'-10fr}

12"
FC)R 'DIe. = 1.2.SZt)lR.c
~ 36~;J
)

e4

~- ::: }8.35 I

fF=

.005~1

U:: 9.81 fps

lRe. ::::3~09(/~Vp

=Av =~~i~l~.Ul= .~cfs

:. Q

~.1

: 2

:=

Q~

OPEN

= 3304+2/S~

~ CLOSED

'12 CLOSED
"3,A a.os ED

hL = 2 i" 2S0fjli/6OJ = 31ls" .S

..
:= ~
DS
31:2S

71 2

32 K;

62.'4/32 .114

&D~

(i?2

'Ir~ D~~

tf 1:D \)2

(4.'15"'1'4'1)

fJ

= 2K 16

71"'''' Dc{

13.~ 6?M

AP = hI.

_pA?

135'

32 (s)SK

K
.JS
.KS

.125

~.q

.055

.2lff
.02.s'i

20

."3

-::: O. lOS","

,"5

.2

"!I

lR~

= Dv =-

.1

D(ui/bo)
\4 '10-" (1TD)t~)

ft =

ASSUME

D5"

=.

= 3.i".2 x

02 "gt.{

ASS(),tt

=0.

t.f91

Fe

ff =.OOl'{ 5"

MODIFIED 'BERNOULLI ffiUATION

BETWEEN I Z
'P. ~ v.~ ={'= ?2 1" y{ + 22 t- hL

fr = .003'1;D=

~= '3."72 /O~

OPEN

.003...

lOS

DS = .0'3:1.'1

~'1

Yz

:::: Li 75' ., oS
D

o. S"OI-l fI-

tf= .OO'S<l1

p -.

CK

29 i';
T

2~

fXj

V. 2.

f'3

2g

0 ;;z.~

~::. ~.,..Z2 +Llff -;;1.

Zz.

+-

:1 (1+ 4 ~ CL)

2~

Q::. Soo tS?~ ::. 1.1l c..fs

v=
~p

.2~

ASSUME

v2

::.

~2
A2

16

5.b?~5 'D

Q2.

-1'2,

85

ff

= '3' .f ~:l.( it

~:2~

11:2. 1)"

e.

= 3333

~ = So 6:t ',S ,a~ = 1.D31()~

II
I.'t ' - r.:;oo F

l
%
:. 1'5'.136

"PZ = PATM = lor kPo.

'i<.e =

= '1K V~

P9

Q :

=.00 '(q

'I". O~'1' ~)
.S

= "S. S I'

- P:a.
~

'"Pz =-~/q ?sf~

FlOW 'RATE = 1F

== o. q,S c f's

:: -'S~ 'P'$.~~

IL(./O

"'.11 UESTIMATE:

VELOCITY USING
&RNOULL'''s EQUATION
v2
2 q An
v~ 25' fps (A 11 =10')

4f"OIA
UNE

'2"

1)IA

LINE

?>fTWEEN I E2
<j('12 -~,)of-V:22_v.2+
2

(t fl.1,0.<f9

1UI5 IS A MAX. WITH NO LOSSES

USINq hL

= K3L.l == V2 DUE TO A
2-

-20~

'P:a.-P,::: 0
to

-="

+ 1'z - ?..rrM

T '1/2.

BETWEEN 2.f3

~(~~

- t;i2.)-t

vi -V2.\. 1'3 -P:a. .J.hL=o

a"

2.

+ "PATM -'Pa

P
ADDING : -20~ +

t-

V32.

= A:a V2.
Aa

:1
2.
v v:1
= Zh L + Y..
='hf' t5'2.
L ~ +_
Z
2 +.2

.!: :: 2~6

...

t;

DL V

(FULLY DE:VELOPEO)

(ENTRANCE

v-= 't 32 fps (CLOSE EfJOUtiH)

Q =AV = 1fL~q)C '1.32) =.0 5J cfs

::r~+ 2f JJi"lv 2

Lz

= ,q. 'H, G'PM

Q/,2J

PRESSURE AT "PoJNT'B

== (2.25' of- 6"QOf;}v 1

ASSUME

f ::: 0.006
61l4
= 1,2q.5'7

ASSUME

=2. i5 r'i.1'1

'.22 'IO-S'

~~~+3.J

~= 2."l/o5

fj:. = . OO~
:::/l0.S"

tf -:

\/:

.o~t;

O~PIPE

2.;

Pj

BEFORE B

Yi +;' + ~

~ 14 I

PS

ZPRO ON SlJ1<F'ACE'

V ::::. IL '31 fps 1Re.. ::: 0/.2 (U. 3t)

5

Z-R

Z. + ~ + 1r. = HL -+

-6'4~ r(2.15"t 6QO)V2. =0

V2.=

ELBOWS

'3.1'10

~-=b10c0

'i~~ =5".<-11

1Re. =

.004'1

'[)

= t4 ~

nL = ( \ IS O.? +- J) 2V

V2.

ENTRANCE
SAh

:: 11(2 + t4 fr~)

V"3

tf

a~
J I

=0

+ hL

v2

2) GtJE"SS v= 10 fps
WITH WATER @ ~OoFI

=0

hL

OPENIN6 AT

(SEE (;c. Ii -p. 79)

V= Fl.i-t'P5

2
V3 - V2

SUDOEN

-~y

10.Lf~1Ps
Ok

~ = -'4 - vi
P3

-hL = -1./-Y'"~+4t;.!:.)
.2sl"
fc
: -'1- J.3S'O(3.n)::- -q_2~ ff
~~

P"B = -4 'f>'51'~

.!- = JLI. O~61 ft =.oOSog

~=
V=

~ '~'1
~,~

De = i A~A =

2 '21 -.::

l'

'32

~ = q~J 3~O

~ = L'3 33
I1P = p~

:::: 225fps

Z''''

=."6t1

hL

~ -= 0'5 ff

=,ocHq
'2

II

H~O

-=

II

+.JI.(~gO'2'll.lf)

v= ~ = 5.9/0 ~/s

~= ~.~7flo5'

U~O

. ~ = 1/16 / 'iff:: 1'I.2!)3

;:>s.f

+~ =

!)S"

YR
$

YR. -

='PoWER COST + Ulrr/AL COST

~V'K5

It~. 03'

:=.

= ~oI.05"(.J.n.o3)

~r

-+- .11 4( 5"2'80.2'1'1.7)

+ _DfI (INITIAL caSi)

'PoW'R COST + .II (INITIAL

= If, IO~ 787

1<1" "'P I'P~

CO'!>T)

F'OWfR COST: ~ , it'60hrP

KW"'r
lj("'
?eWER = P. ':: iL[ht. +112]25':l5. KW
.g(5S{)}
311/3 ~

v=

<:)

1Re. -=

Ll.31..[2 fps

3.07' -/0 5

e:'D -- l"~"
;)

T oJ "

= .oOl6QS ~GL t/l'~ KW

PoWR t =1.03q~ (~ Ib;Xhl fl75)

hL
$/

.l- -'f.t;:

ItJ1. 4~ I fr=.OO~X'J
r

=5"/.10

/~r

== 301. OS OlL t 175") ~,.

:: 30J.OS(:226.IO)

.{J-CS2"'!o2 'b.n)

= ~ B7,&82 /~r

10" PIPE:

V= Q
A

.OOQ92.

hi. = 22962 off

Iq.l'S CAST IRON e. = . ooo~5 9:

Q= 3/0' ~Qj/do.~ 4.6417 cfs

%T

/<:!t'"

12" "PIPE

}:)sf

62.Q

'30L05" (2QO. '3+ 175')

"/

:l..

,~?7?

D:;2 S rrr2 1)'1

= S 153 '321

= .oO:2.3~ tJ . . 005'21. 22 (22.S)

:'

= q25"270'bG22~

=22" Q62.!i
= 2QO.3
OS

jl =
~r

Dc.2.

W3

, ff

hL.=4G b V~
o~

~ :: . 005;Z q
k v:z.

"T

'1'gO,

.", Iq" -PJ'P~ HOST ECONOMicAL

= ~,5JO R-/~

IRe. = (5'1' X~S)) = 4, 3 ~/OS

6"

l.b5 ~ 10-5

87

I(

C Lf 24 "

0..) SOO<3~W\= ~

~(7.1/6)

=G2.
A, = O.JQb3 ff2
A2., = O.lq 61 Ff2

A :.1rD~
l{

v=

:: I.ll~ cfs

5'.b~.fpS (IN ALL 'PIPES)

= I06 VD

'IRe = Vb

'T

"~+f=l<{

a.)D=.2M

l<e. 2 '10 5 V e = .000 !"S" 6'

'D/e. ??:z I ~ = 1~.:213./ ff= .005"73

.: V => '.O~ /Ol

b) I~ ~ Io..~t loofl~!::: .00171

n
~
= 5~
J= 1.22 'IO-~
e.

'iRe =>c:o

'Re =~= O.S(:;.6Z) =2.33 'IO~

'iRe. = b~OOOV e = .000 IS"H

"l1'e =1165 I~ 13. 53<{

(.22 '/O-~

J1'ff =13.1'3 fr.::

A'P

t=

.005'8

= Llff ~ ~~ ~=1-f'V:1=3/.'3~
A?= l./{.oot;1)(~ooK31.3)
::: I'iS.2 ,?sf

41P :. 1~5".J. p-;.f ;::: J.0041' psi

t-HOOlE

200'

1:>

J:?
e--

Q.= 0.163 m3/s

b) V2 t.f-':: .0'16 q

++=>.00 'S~b

~I fo

'U'l_

..L :: 1:2. SCI

~f

=O.OO;2.~1

'IRe. :;> aU~JO()O

t,. = . 00 6 :3 "

J~lb ~=~~
fj

=32

~.2.

C) TOTAL ~p= l.ooY + I.S? +-I.ool'

= 3. Sg-ps;.

1Re. :
lAP: ~

.ob7 COMMERCIAL
ST~EL

A"P =p Lf t+

J:. ~~ = 103 IS-O 2 v"-If

D

1:>2

.:.

=2-' -lOS
f

~.'OS' V2.+
D

VP

WlJs

!)~

~.h.. Q~
'3 pS

II

= .Oo4~5

/1 r L
Q,'J.
"1"t"~ D 2g (~"D2)'J.

=22Spsf =1.S'Tp~i

;SO~

Q -= O.O/erg 13/5

=1.6l! /oS

2 ... CAST I1<ON

V=> 3..23 ""'/5

~S/OOO OK, v~ '3.Cb

1Ke.=

t,.'P ='-I~OOb'3(:'X.2! ~X'3I."3)

1..-.

00

~5

V= '3. 2;2q

L. :: 21"3
t>

~e- ~

~= . DOSO

FoR
200

Of<

qG..
rrr'D 0

ASSUM PTIONS

I)RUB6ER HOSE IS SMODTH

"D"RAWN TUBING IS

o'*'

2) NO OTI-I R LOSS ES IN HOSE

JbooF

= I. 22 'lO-s Ftys

~:e. '11'2 p"5

32.

= ff Q2.

~ + V +eA =~ + ~+Z'g -rhl..

~ ~

7b~

a.) "'D

:=.

= 12.5":2.'5

Y:2 'I

fASSUME

2."S 0'/"

..../

ffQ:J

iRe..

=I."6Q _/06Q

hL

2.2.,.,

1..3 =l!'...

= 3.65"7

.3S

- --v'l. _
~

= .00 1I~).

30

v = IJ. .b'8 Kifs

<f.bS;

Q= 1.2l

W1 3/s

-......I t - - - - -

b) ~ = .2S"0

3.'1215 tlo""'5
A

%::.

1M

~ .ff~ = q(. ooct)XQ

off ::;:>
11I.1?

2-B -

Fl.4"610-1:.

:. Q== .06:2. <f0 cfrs = '3. 77'iI cfW1

=~ -

~ ( I t 'I tf ~) =30...

=. OOt.(4t;;
Q = . Ob.26 ~ 1R~ ::: IOq" b I q

=- 60

2.

c f~

fASSUME

+CALL

V2.

= E, -zB -11.3

+- YlL

I. '32S U:JrK/s

b) u= ~c./'

fCALL. = .005/1
=- I. 2 =t~

(3)

h 3 - ~J + f'A -t- ~

0' Q.

1./:1.

.: Q. == .02. J :2:2 c::. fs

(2)

~ = h3
,.os

-= .OOSJ

'iRe. = 5"32.10

.;. -=

,09

Gl
p

= ZA -L'a -hL

Pi! -~

~Q':I.= 2.301 -/O-b

'iRE!

719'

EQUAL

= f;Ql. =1. 36:2>< IO-~ DS"

i<e = ~

.OO?I

r-_

" => t!.~S'1

= :~s10"?bSI = 3.03 '/0'".

'Re.
Q:::

(I)

O.

Z 3:2

T
I

I'/./f

"~~

89

/MIs

IN\3/S

AP ="?.l-~ = ffj(- ~l. +Ac)

=fJ ~ ft' v l +Pc) Ai!

v=

= 4.S'i "'/5

= qO *3/5
7r( S..,p.

Q
A

-rt;I2M-6y-~

V. t
V~ "
'1,

20

= 10 "'f8~. :>. (</.Si)>'4

T (q :fif? X6h"Z

=lO'!.f'"?I:2.'1~ t
~ =

V"D

M4j

-L -

b5f:7.:?]

= (4. ~Xs) =1.''If"tI

1.3'( 1< 10-5'

f)9

)lej

tl.

-2a

glOd
111 -

2fD. 0 W"\

nj.. =hL, ~ hL'2W~~ 1) =(),'ZM/ (): (.<69.)~

ff ~ O. ~ ,~ bL,~ ~ 17S .<ff",

I - ~~l

OS,aU'lfl-IO" {J.1J9~I~J J

f.fi - .

~, L T

2.

~ "2~QVI ~r'h:O.a:v~

Iq 6 is

-3b I

(~J iQ, Y/- A~!)

lie. -90 -::(S-\)IOS ~ QS.S ~

-c~

(ASSUM~ Tft2.0 -:::IOOC)

tve.:

WIIEQc 0: 0.42"" lJ :r 4. CAl "I

~ ='377, ~g ( e~ 0.00:)\ 09
I

::: IX .32./
A -p

10

= ,.

tf

=.OO29Z

6'112l{' . OOl9Z +{,"r1.~

35'8 '/0 3

K1=b..

14.\9

fi!oM ~UbWlI1'3/tr,:I.~~
THe;

""

= -2.03~

2j

,6i=>

'\.

'Cb 4'rk:W

~ 1'a.oa;e Ie;

1P=Sl,JV~~~ ?e-P.. . ?e-Z}hJ

U L2~
s>~
'-!t;RE ~ to;; T,,~

fAILS" v~

AJJL)~Pta; kr~ Aa \.2.

f z 0.00371

J/

-;!

\tL.l-= 291.95

1P:r[-t.03"Z5.5-Z:D+ 14(J}.~
::: 4tW(\24L7)=55l3 ~W

AT 25%'~ Dv5rz..

lUes 0, ~2."", VrP5.

14.~
J

Eo:; O.QX)(5
e.,.o.OCO~

gf5f~

s~

, ,-/

Qz~t;~

to f

1.

~+~+~t i"~T~~1
~- P,tJ:Vl ~ 4 - V~
SCi
'2(3
VIz V1 =~

\15

trl
\tY

V,I.."

G_;4Cot~

\J3~ H~

"%

HotJ /

~ ~-z 4D <C42 V't

J

\4.7.
1-

f)

Sd ~ +i!," ~ t ~ -tz?,l-kL

~G~ -f.v :O.~

~ ~ 37.~ ~/ ~ z (;52% f(f

~~
~

.R

t1?:: o.ro3e49

1-

~i=-lO-~-hL

SkDw ~ t1"2 0, <XB8.5 J

V, :%-30.~ ~:z \ 4B9( (rf
J

rIG ~.7~

HJLL~
~~~T~$

t1 :;: 0.00385

kL:?

~-v
2
~ =

D~

:D VI? %.GA ~~

\.e. ~ -:: O. et:>42~

~~

if )

~ --t. ~
OLe
VI }~u::: ~) C?~ ~-f -

~6)-t<f)

K v,'t..

(J,3.?A-G)

1.f4t, ~
(759.3/(( + eo.~.v1)

Ck1. ~ ZS~8~) L~ = ZO.ll

TuQ6ULbVr

O.2{S1
J

-0.81 ~ -2. %~~

J<:!
91

-:z

7.0T5cfs

3(7S ~P)/\

}4.f~ WJ2lT~~LLl(~)

14.22~14.~

~~~~~J)Ulr

4P " y?'f(Ar ~h +It]

gG' 20 ~ A~ V
~
I( '"

(~~Pe ~ ?~~)

~'--= ~~-~e)- ut~

t30r
AI"
l~
hI- "''rtf ~ LYV~

(1.3 ~ (0(.7)
~

(' I-

tfO 25711'5;

lUU5

i. ~ t,.:c-l),~~

4L'{plf,1,.:23

of

ij. ,19.';2
A1...

~~

-z.

~:: 2~ [ et>.Z7~4.~

kJow Q=ALJi,

T~<& (U

~ (073){

T. -=

.'3-

::

\O.73~/~
2Q:L:=

f 4 S; (, (013)

0 BT/5"
,

.18 ~

1Q~

:z

~,2

~T~14.2. Wrnl

O.()dr.t;;

~L~~~ft ~

92.47

-tt.J tf

z~~5%

~ \(O/~ (~

LA~ VAllJfSS. 1"-1 T4flf-J5 14.Z

~ ~ 2LY~) ~ug

f; ,:::(J~~?7g)

tne.

~ ~ I~ ~ 2~

~~ ~.2C\ ~<: ~7.39

f:eTf4t1S~ LetD~( _S~

l1> ~ ~g

z3()S Wb ~y
J

~~c~

Fbz -ntts ~G Clu & ~.

92.

14.25

T~ H.a.u '" ~ 1t:4~~)

~ ~

FIDM fiG;

=240

~4~

No ~AeE;CI

7.

93

'PjIq G.) Ze= '):2,,4b) 3 rl = ~14

4eO# \~/1~

c~

\. ~ \ ~~

f,\()j,m.

~IJ{04 H
~ :; 1,94, ~

l 3 '-.
. ?Sla~
~
/,.
"
'
6.\~ M ../ '-.. Q, (P'Y; CiI/I
1/'/'/,
I?40~
///~;
~~s t::
rl

r/

~t

7\

_~

~~

\h

0, 'tF2

\f2~

O.(Ylg

~Y'=- t;1 H:J ,(

'7 G- 'bD F

-r

,/'/

1-~L v4S6
+~+G,QS

OlO\2..

-~~.-~,---O!81~ T IA~ + %2+ 0,\14

'::::<- ..

l.9 '6, lbtu IPtt - {"'T.t.. ~ (a,)

+S

~...

-<_. ",-.'

f1~""1 @

CD

-+

\/1

~C;;; !A't~~~ (z\\OJ0)'=\~7Xl(l

~{):o '4.{)~o:;: (4~J(.1)

~l

-:..

0;:::;
~ t\

'7..;:"

':1

o,')..g..

Ol 10\0 = <Ot07~~
(l. \~'X.J )

~000~S

:. C48 X\04'

4~,'7

Z R.. -=

co {\l '" I

~ ~ \';l,A,()-'l-~S == C)0Go

0,\1<.0\

')000:;: \~~Tl ~ ~-:r'Z. ; -r~-13

~

\<.\
.~

12.7..

T3-?715
{Zo

H~~. ~:~~U~1j3 \S

f~.M\ p{({~ \00 S ~.0&~EM

-\-

e~ ~o + V' l ~. \?t:v ~Ct;la'~;i-

~ (;, \\Ct.)l + L/O,o<oC)

'" u, \ \~.' 1""\ le1/\9

L.

\SA 19"sc.

'1-- 7;4.()

-~-~ _ _ _.f)J,S
_ ~_ _

."

~T

f) ...-('\ "/
~tf-

\.
V'II

\QI01'L

'}oY7";'. ~o- ';J,S1-'-..S_'_

OIIIl11 + 14,4" L

L-:;-

-, . .

0 f O~'I(O

v0.

_--- - - - - - - - - . - - - -

f ...~-k~t~
W/lMo,?~S v../~\/Jeo~JM') l~9
: : 0-0?17 INIW\~ = b.T/R

c.

tq'-;;:

U,)S

Jo'LS

(t!S)~

40s ~

TM\~ -:= ~~ -' 40'0 ~ 445 ~

\SJ\

fj

01\t;

~L\-=: \2.f\ -=

l4GY':'Y4)0l0.1'O~1-

~~ \3.\{o ~ /w

?CO '

~-6I.-tCil~ ~\b{ \~ ~SS

~C:\l~M, ~~ ~ k~~'5\Os:

~ ~l-x';bot.
~fl6~

Rf6b~

b.Tkt\) ~ 1,Qo
\~3

= _ \ +-_\_
I ~,\~ \1~A'

~\\l

~~.

t\\I

-.=

~l3A \'-/w

\?-/~i~

IJA,s W

IS,IS

lftJ /;;1* '.

~\;f.. IJb.l \,

R,~ ""

\0r\'\\ ~~-=

O,~YZ3.)%

t,

~\f"Ir\

OroolOS

:=:

~ 1. -:;;

?Ti~1

\(:/\"1-.

~l\ ~,'j.

~ 0 d \S irG1-

g,,( letJJGG'~~

~\~\~

y~L~~-\

-:;: CoI,1.
__

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'.. CD.::: 0. I 9===b

'-f50zgrne (Sf eClBS A).-

Problem 24.28 Excel Spreadsheet

/"(;IOtJ fl(y )'YlCJ / e

(V}tt :::

rt

ds A -= 11 I), J1 m

0;,1i 0
~

er

:c
"0

..!t

..

0.50
0.00

,I

em ;)./5

e l1;l1ft18

trltJ/e cv/t!'s ~r't'l/cf.k cJ>P'r6? S

O'lli

!Jf/Uld aldieI"

ytJ

Cl )1/l;Ije c.1

I(..S"

d//lw;~~r' JJrtl~e~s,
~ d.5A

(jJ1t

4)~ nm

:::.

d pc; yo e

dfO v-e.

rpf3

~ ~

:::::

1 5()Zc;rne
1

r; (CPfl):::
f;..., (Cf(4)

/(1,

11 nm

d (to ye

d<fore

srfec;I85

(I'" Pf~J:;'

:r.. / -

1... /1l1 ~

-f

j. 09
dJ 6-

fJ,/

- 0.9,5' lit

l'f;e effecf/flg o~f/z;6"!(/;f,1

G

~e~ D:'HzO

"

.....

, 0.00

-1

-r;dns{Jorf fafle

\
'\

0.50

9{jmo/e

vlJ-f/;P = 1,/() ;.t.IO

'"\,

1.00

.;2S'g CltJtJ

1")<::1

1.90E+00
1.54E+00
1.29E+00
1.10E+00
9.34E-01
7.97E-01
6.7SE-01
O.os
5.72E-01
0.09
4.7SE-01
0.10
3.93E-01
0.11
3.17E-01
0.12
2.47E-01
0.13
1.S4E-01
0.14
1.26E-01
0.15
7.2SE-02
0.16
2.42E-02
0.17
2.02E02
0.18
-6.09E-02
0.19
-9.S2E-02
0.20
-1.32E-01
0.21
-1.63E-01
0.22
-1.91 E-01
0.23
-2.17E-01
0.24
-2.40E-01
0.25

1.50

a'(I'rl:L1s

ds) e :. /tJ, 41 n m

df(tp)/dtp
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07

2.00

/,o4x/

C!afaICl$e (spec/e5 /3):

H8 :::.
tp

0.10

"---

0.20

0.30
IP_

.
0.40

0.50

0.60

r;{%)

-'
!!
CCJ mi/ j>!.rl / nIf9 tile

fjJif tt )
i

':Iirv 0,'-::' )
/'

1;_,.<:'
)'4{)r] ;"Il/ 11 Ii ;!;k' ;,:J IJj
\,., \. vC/'"
;/ i:~
,#...
-,

/11 -ftFrlJ/,( d/' '/d:Jc<nj 1.5'

the rt:1(7,1- df
If

.r,,/ve r

Ij

4;

/1tll7~;'edr efth::1INJ~ /5 C,C;iJd/I'Jc"',:/ as./~t /If"::?

Mile ht'J/1

~ liJeros-oil; E)(~e /

ro

Ob/all1 df!..[f~ li~~~"1

------_

I Problem 24.9 Excel Spreadsheet

Solute

Lysozyme (A)
Catalase (8)
dpore =
O
DOA-H20 I D S-H20 =

<PB =
F1(<pA)
F1{<pA)

=
=

D'se=

cx=

Mol.
Wt.

Solute
Diameter
ds
(nm)

14,100
250,000

Molecular
Diffusion
Coefficient
(cm 2/s)

4.12
10.44

1.04E-06
4.10E-07

14.3 nm
0.394
0.729
<PA=
0.074
F1(<pA) =
0.080
F1(<PA) =
0.006
D'Ae=

0.288
0.507
0.443
0.225

15.00

21,3D

-7 ,/
D'AS ~ 3".1t, x /0 emf'S
t)

oAe .:::

dS A ::::: /:1..,31 nm'

d fdvc>

41 :::
IJ

dSA

ItJlJ n

~ -If.2 (/ 17 (~)

Ii (tf!t)

=J, 1" x lofoi7~rl)(a 743)

fJ')

"""-=- 12,gf{nM:::;
cirp{)re
Me n fI1

()

t),I'2ilcf

::=

"2..

F,(1h):: (t - ~)~ (1- (), J23?) :::: ~,1617

r;, (~) == / -;z ,/04 fh f- :Z,P'! ~3'-0, r5'tit ~r

=/ -:;',/04 @, l:J.3t)-f ,1.,(1/ (011:85/) 3
-d, '10'(rJ.I-:2.3 &,)S';:;:;. 0.. 1-'/3

~07

I,Cj7K(O'eiYJ~)

'1-/0 Cln~/.s

DAe = 5:()
~~ fI~tJ

.:;:

dl(fr~ +- ~Y"- 0
aE

/'J? ;< /tJ-t.em Y.s

=-:1, t

d SA

Z$',~.

-7

"""

(), 1.2.~)'::: (;- 4Jr+J '2.(] - :<'/~1% + :i1t2flfff::

,/fl -= {)

c:::' /../:1,

~ &-.:;:. tJ

ifi -= .1,1)

d .5~_
d ftJrl?

.~",,------

dr~

02"2.

d2:"

~:tJ,lf.!

7)1t~

WI&' C!lJl}sftRf)J. C ond

d''tI
~ '2l/
~ t- q-4.!i ~ tJ

dJJo.. ,: : tJ

-P/!s %4"]

,.,~_

- C Dh8 d~ - c liAtLd~ "-~ ()

z
J'ft..

;1ff'J

-1
-~
G', ~ 1- It) .:: ItJ'! x/tJ ?; (tf1,) ;:; (tt)

ifJ",. :: 0, f f3

d'f'

@ y.c

Clt}j. ,f.-:-:;

R.

<J~::; /1,0/ dP r-:: ()

dfP...-e ::- I~,] f tJm == 7-

;)/11

;l6,

O,} 8"3

:3

/lie I- ra/e

or A e///ed /i-tfm i'V

~x A!Allx+-~,. - /IIf+y.A1I!Ji: /y.

tJ!t1 AX 1 b J;j-r,6./I- --- hit:! I1x 6 11:1
~ eClChIf)M oC'Cllr.s- pn!:, &11 5PY'/Ju:e'
I,e

J. eras

R.., =.0

stPt2ce 6e.fNJt!'t!'n .,ta;(7 a/,4/C r..$

/s sla!"t:I'7;j m~/e~tI/t2r dlyC~s/~n

3, 70$ (jonc. ~ Y'"=tJ .::md r.::/? CIIY'e.
Cd I? s-le'll1 t'

4. F'/~)(

Alit?:
S,

df TlfoS 1$ ftpP-cJlf#6?f7 IiI.?hO

tJI'J

/Y'fo
jff. -= ~fr
d)/It~ 4- o
0 c!'-<-01.
df"
->

f<afe tTf- ticetll11,///eifuuJ

C}!dt. ~,,/lu A.ldt;

III

eft

(I

J< ale a/- tJr-aJpc!/tJ#

,.e,q AX tid /l~

In

C V

Con.,5erva!/tJP1 a';: Jrlass

d Aill r

1h Ici<ne$s t:Jf..r; !t'~ fill'Yl /~ !.Ie!",!

If, /11 yel4 hvt? rtf rJlf/etlltPY'J tp,tfJ/
I.~ Sft:?()dy-sf"fe dl/~.:f"ltJr/

\1t IIf,

tlf1c.A.'I../J.~Jl:r-b..c - fJI-1F,6J<6tj Ig

l'

f- Y'fltfel J ~"Ie ~I f-~I-e J?fj-::.o

t(Nee/l'fLl.J<
r l #cellmll)
(j;r(}JULf

N~x AJ41:sf'l:-rA;-_~~J( A~.~~1x

AX!:1:16.b

NAY':.:;

NA ~ ~ -cD/1"8 4J/f1
f:.~'(rJlt.. f'~'2t- NC;e)
di!",,(f"tJ'"
rVlfr ;:: -c [)It$ ~jJ'
dUo -r t/l(N;t~ f Nd.4r}I~
-';
&."

+ tJ'1 A 'J.A1:./if"A i - J.I~ AK/lir.1.X.titf AI- - -

r NA~AXA!~r~-~~AXAi~
by.,

!fAt:

1: - R.ff

=-

!J

ejVq-!rCJ'n reckC'es

thfi3

~)< I(M;: ~~~

-f

4x

f-c;

NnV &rMI-'t.?,
4.

4ft

'/

d-

t- ilh~J~+4,&--~* Ie t-~ -Rfl-=O

Dt-

E vtt / I.h' f~.J /h

clf;-

Ll)) ~J 6.l;~ CJ

/1m; f (//s

ciNe +- JItltI1 T-i!!.h~ r~- "I+-::; 0

~

Jx

()(' '\7,

it,

d~

e()r;cenfypf;., ...~ o/')/ ~ r'=:!(f'/6

I.s- k"iJ'?'" t/('/11 C1/~ d C.o /1"; -f.? I! ,.J.

3.

'1r

COI'7C en

d; //--1/.5/ c1 n
~ S -fea d!l- s-l-p Ie d we Ie'
(!~J1$' I-d' /1 f C't:J1l ce II lr(.2f/dl{'s
I

(,/-/- r~ f! Clnd r;:: /(.f'/c1.

6) Vw~

f- dCI! _ t<1/o;:: t)

-t

Jf(~:%o
'CJt

1- fr{r!tl;,rJ::: o~

ot'

nd 01'91$ a y<s ass tI #7ed

rA

vnll -= -~8 \l~

.f

dfj.

Jf - Dne \7~

V'I4iii-

V:irr::: 'A

- -1--- -((t/O~wt
_ _ :R

--10- - I, L c1l4ff JYI/eJ c/; /h5/L7~ NJ cni

r- d/ree-f/o/'i2, No

-'lit

J./{!>moJehf?iJu.5

reClcho'!;/?,-::o,

i-f.< r'N'1I".-h.J

i"=

tJ r::::. ~ +-/0)
~fttA)
~ r =~
J;jlt ::.. f:t/P
If-

Iff/-

/VI

gas .st4t!~ /5 dllule

WAY''=' - C

:zs; 5"
-

dveY'

cJr
-=- - C Olf6 dill

-'-

cansfonl-

-= - DItI.3 ~ f '/Fr NilV'

if

[lIt? Id..s

SU 6,s'hfu/)t') r?

eI) IiHr =- 4,8'~

Csn.;rrPHf
:::: - 01f8 V~

IS'

'Z

dl f/"",~idn ;pofA.

t dE
dfi. - r;,f1 -:::. 0

If

J?7 t) lee1./ /.a t'

y-W/I"..

if./

Y''t<.

Is C tJf?s
1011 ~ Cjll '" ~4P/p'
,
5: j}b 1111XilJ/1 Iii q't7S ,"Qce

,d .sL
( rNl1r)
Jr

v flfl

-or A @

fror/c::>'n

Dl4e~

Some b()Uhdary cond/f/dr/S

5fJ herll"f2 / ~
CiP~ rdlrJ4/if!$.

/, r qnd Part!'

SpherIcal
coor-dinaks

(J6,;siQf1.f
.)

C 1$ canSr(7Mf:

~,DIFhISI4'n

I'af-h

I)

Is /(/l1j

COI'Y1IC1Y'ed ft:J chang'' /,.1 ~

Flux Ih
air

/s (!dn S Ie;!,,;! j

Y'- dlre.c.,tl"n,

4')

!)I(e";o

5 .. CansI'D/') I- CQl1cehlretl,",n
R/
4d~~ ylt
.l- i{ (' 2.1J" yo) =0
r dY

VI'l tV'r.t r

c.) fl

dyt

-f-

{} -tj,4Jcl r

m..

tl

.d- [ -

dV'

e r -= 00

e'

r'.::

0", to d CR

f'

'1ft:::

~o

eA:B

tfl'f~

[e)

~\O

t, {)

r.", O,65'I'ilJn)

Y'=o J d/'l
,,"=.e::: (),

c! r'

RI

y" =-

JJI ()
/"ff

cJ ( r )./Vfir ) r J['ff ::::. 0

dr
01;.
DAf?J d (r j.4!is)
Je
Y' 3..
d r d r -+O.
@ t.::.. 0)

O-~~)dr::; o.
.

dt:

fl0"

Tt : :;.

v= -rr -= dh RT

c;q. ,.:; I?A

NfJ- + ~ :::::

l'

o
.fN8 rJ

; l

Nlf r -= -c. D~f3 Jiftt

dJ

b) rVPrr::: - C Df/61!r

~~ -CDAB~-r'/ft(NArt)lt:)

b)

~'cI ~

bt('pI;Je.

Cbnslanf-

IS

/"IA./ Cpncen';rdl/<1~'}

5) Con.s/~nf 7"a~d p,.,/) ClIr

t-

Y-~NA'("

t?o;j?l.//I'b 1>14 m

Clnd ShlCl /J ,/;'U'x //", //ij7t.//0

,.

af r::::.~

C) V.~

be-rwet'n g~s -'I/!tJ1d /phases

~o~euhr~~sMn/~

o.n't!

S'~(;fc;e.

3) Conce'1lytlf,t:J17 CI.f stlr~c!e:

II? JO.s I'ha~e) ~ :: 0"

4.

lite f"-d'lre:cfiarr

~) No hdm~J..t?I1~C7as reacJjJn m

Mus Sfef3d,y_s";pfe

3. IV~ homo?,ene()u.:s. rea .:;:1;1.;1':1

Oh/;j

eA-";::

!lL

{-2r

25."' t
_ ' I (J

". tv;~

1-

~lf ~ )"'1'1
fd;."l1
'dt

5:NtJ ve S /..5 fa /lC e 10

<7

fraJ1steYa fsuj"'!;ceJ
~ 1<2. J rjfJz. :::: Ito

I), SfeC(cI~-5IClfe) ~~-:::.O

,1) No homo/G'nedt/s
~)

fC?dC-htfilj

A0 moMct/lar cllflt;~/~Yl

/V'1I<i

5J

h'/e)/;t)I/l

:= - C

SfhencCtl C'(Jol'cl//J~7jcF$

I/Si!?

I~::-o.

/n

tJ//lh/n f>0r"Ou.s /17/1&""'.'

~ - d, rec.J/tln

4) No ~/I./fcl

'f

cA

Jr~~r'

tI~ r

Cft)}

d'A

cJ~x

ax

IS

.J.J

D~B ~ t f/fl (1Ii1fr ..

N/+ r

::;: -

rJ1

[cJ2.C
-~2

'itS .

dX

f-

c D""e dff-g. ~
1- ~A- c1 r

T dNffy.:::: 0

rl ( r).

- Dfi f3 d ~ 1- Ctj dJiJ

dX--;"
dX

r.::: R2,. J ~ ';::, {) -<

'fA -= ()
(} '(' ::. 1</.) !fIr.:! /.0

dt..
~];::::. al:l~
cJ~:Z

dY- 7-ifi ~AIJ j:f) ::: o.

-Dfi!3J~ ~ ()
i/iiz.
dX

e) ~ -::

_,& &. _
flip.

_I-~M"I
I

'--.--'+1'
/
h<'r(;;....

I, ..,-dna' P t:?re CCJI'}Sk,l'Jf

l,lfs/de C1~tI C7uf..>/de
(Por(Jt/s (JClrr;c.h

J. ,/V() f,C?m0r!~l1eous

re ell! !-/IJ
Iii I r, rid r hcl~
3.. NJ d /eea ItTr dJ flu SIP)? On Iy oc.ctl r.r
In rJt:Jr-~tlS #11 n Ia' tley~
4,

Y}

()/

ih/n {?ordtts /'?YerJ !,s~jo

:;;/e'?/d2j sfd/-e

~ll

cl t:: -

~
-- -411h R.g
Mit Jt

constant OtlSY"
d ifIus Ion flCt+h ~

/2/";::.
/"f'I

..l
(r'-Nlt r ) = 0 '
dr
j

tJ/I~ are Ct:;nsfClnf

Mx ;:: a
of

(]

-'15t

/''rI fj-diY'ecf/on

Df16 ~

- DII (j c!j:,.

:J

+ d,g _

"~tVA

C t:?17c1

Np, x':=

Intd /dcath"

@ i::.O J r-= 1<)

~ f ~-I;f) r =: f2'f

;i.s;'It)
2,

~j

5 6 11(/ Si//COh /S

sf/s-/C?PJ? ';;r

Ont:lJ;js I S.

-=?,

'-'.

/,. CC7n.s/-qh j. //n

('SI

:z >'

f? ,I F}
P/ '>'e? /J
'-'(/
~

S()/Idj ~$-Si ,am!

are Cons t--4 n

/h d r ~/us/cJi? cf41-j ,

clt?/J/I;

CIt'

(f/.sl/;e(;t,,:/

.5: ll,//H..rICJf1
m ~/eetJ lIIf",

C:dr7/rC;//t'!)

6"i//(}&N

YP /,:?/'1J/tfi'

J,I'!t'.UOI1 aJ/M/lt

6) ~z.

c/;Phr-s/tY'l

& ru~'/.t6

C;;:: O.

=:. ....

r!

4(5 9: +1f+[1ts -rj/lIz)

3 Nfl:; :::; -;2 AlII:;.

#;-)2. ::: -- ~3 N~.5

NA s .: -C'1rfj Jib. i {tn (A.tt t

cP

4t1:
_ ,t?~1 . : : ~
elf: ,-

TvA == -

I?e e!/,(,'neor L~tJ"dl/)-!I?3S~

a) /(echh,-,cU7Y' C1tftJrc!/Y)tikS
n

;(ecu:: 1-/&17 a!.s-C/r;:;"e.p

ullf./;r) .:Jolld..

/\1ft +-

f'

C'Oi?,5 1-#11

rO I>:~j o5f-&o1'-s/o./e
6-;

solid .5/IJCIlf11
,
,. 1110 6 vi JH. Con 1-1""1 bf4 )/tJ P-J

t7',
V

~...
)/:r
J

,i-/,yU!!

/??ok?cc,;/ar

(/1'A'S I;'

II

IS //1 I' f/ o /~ ?crd;

6&dy

fP

4. h/~ Is <Yt?r'l -It{/h l"e~I--/~

/(7 It!' nf 1-4 c;/ c~//'t/.s / 4~1

Gr~Ofi!::::'06 ::::0,
41 C6ncePl Ira 1/t:JH

/),.;J v7

Ire?

i:-i CI J4 d;c/

tVI

reac h.tJn

IVt> htJn4djeneo tt S"

3 ,nhn,l&

/)/d htJmtifl&,/'j'eCjdl5reoC!I/t:?'~:/
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F,

dE'

4Je dSB.

NIf.g';;

cit':

J)~ I.3

(l

d1.t1

4-

I ~cJ,5'~l7cfG

oi.e.
: : . One J~
dt
01:2.

C)

H,.

v'

.t!

N./r

I-

c3.tl' -~,--tf3i
,-:1::) t

d tJ'f}.f;
/"Jrt

IS C

t5

()

~ 6

-==. ()

de
a fJ.s

I-tl tnl.- 0 I./C! r

/"/'

/,

#)(' ilr ; d tI $- / :JrJ rf)dt"h

-Z5. II
/, C!c>ns /$?Yl!-

@ 2:::

0711 d P /n idS

1)/14 '<) ,c ,al'HI V/78

Ct:/r?sf!1ilf:

?-l~

aI

@-e~o

J.b s~

tl'tsf&. jI/i~1

tj/~::=CJ

@ t=t/

c!'\::::. ell/)
Cit

.=;

cJ

t.!:. ()) ~::: CA" ~!S

(!J

t> 0)

hr

~-:::.ltI

at

r::::

dSe.~o 4,t r:::.o

~y- j!:.1J h ~;;:/tJ

id"..

L'P1 -:::. C!As.

r ~ f<

dr

-e,::j!t1

:J...5".14

~:::../} pnd
:<'0

~:::.

10 y' -eo: I;;)"

I, Q,nslan' r Clnd Pin J/?p:,'</ him

C and V/f8 are C()~.sft.if'l f
L
t)

COJ?aen.f-ra!uJn,.l

<f~ )~j');r;n?1

Ilr~v?tJ(IV j;:'(pI/II~ t; ..~ 0,

1.) Mc; I(?cu/ar

cI,l7vS'/dQ" on!,!...;

G,P1!h;'11'//(
,
3) J1/b hOH1oel7epus r~C7c.ifdrl

a /(1YJj !he clucks- IPrJ tpaih

1) ;Va .bull< e~Y1fY',6",hoY7 Ir!Yf1/?
sj PI-:/~~/on I~l 0111; Me
" -- d I;. &::Cllt.:ll')
&) Ct1Yl&:'rar; f Dlief

2., III ~

j,t1~O ieneaus

/J'l

~ Ir~tI rd

PeDe /-;on

ft 1#1,

3, 5"f-ead; - sl-afe )f7o/eclI/ar'

//7 JI,!f~/d Ii /111-

~ 1'140/eCH/4r ell/fusion
On

5'__

If! x ane!

dtr'e.e. lions

COYJ{;en Irt7I/~J4.)
O/Jd

0r:= ~s

,
In

elf

~ ~ CJ

III ;:::: tJ

JI.::: ~

t)

(jIi; t~)()

~ x ::::: ~~Ofle;

dtit f- tItr
dK
(['/

due f<, /dW

ylr .:5. /it/XL'S ';-1

, ':K-,-direc fIPp').

IIItyt..

= - DI'Jt3 d Cfi

d'C

c:) ",/lift + Ju(0_ ~pt c:f

4;

.-~ f7

cJllltx. +- )Nt1~ =-- ()

d-F

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~ (4 x104) L~.c- Ja ;::, c ~rC(!>. 5)

iff tl(J,j~l!!~E:)

NAt =- -Nl6.c as ~ &,13

2~,/5'

a) PrlKe

/J,r

_p ,

ds

~,5')( / [} 1-1 :-:.

%'

I -;<ftJ- i f1"l

d ppre

if (cp)::

(),

~$-'

(.,.:. cp) ~::::.. (o, 75)~~ oS" l5~

F;Ccf): /- :2. JtJ4 cf + ::<,p94>~ (j,95'C/5"'

Wtt(h ~J = c ()fJt3 1m C~)

JiI;.:.

::::

WA :: (40, rf

;::. fI,,).

4t1,/19m4
rn

Yo

10' m%

~::: [/I, ~~ '2 x I ~~~rJ.A0.lfJ) m

= 7, 23 ;( /0CAr z ~ L J W
d

5'

~.r)

ttltf/e Is
+-

A;= :t WI

r;J"

~r (0,:;.5/

:... (J,5t)(P

(l311 PrJ,.m')(;'9f1K)
mtJ/ef::,.

~,~ =- O.09~2.

(O~)..S)

-~. 96' (0,:2.5):5'

(Od9!)

C Of1l3

c:::: f.. .:: /1 ~ 1'3 X /05'~

~I

=- /-,1".,/01

t ::' )..

lictp)

OIlKe~ O;B 1[(4)

-:: (I x /O-(()Yl;X)(O.~b~(arrt;J,)

-::- :;'.$5")< /0 -IINJ7s

6) V. Iv'It f

ac.j' ~

f)/71

.:&: - 7A
1i(~e) ~ OJ !lire: IS. C()rJ'J'J~p( f

Y)'1

2.-

-S'
7,'Z]xlo mj/~/s
~ ml.

tlltb::::" OAf; (1,0 - tJ)

L.

!'he )'t:1'(:o< . . J;r;li(/4)'

htf'e bd 11 rd

he/i;' f IS 3rtJ;I')~
!1Je /o/httJ/'{j Exc!;--',L..
5{Jyead sjJt:!!.t::~6

Wrr as

or "/
IF

0"1;

n
Vft,g

r:. :::

'-

li

M6r~

r;

::::. /).,P/ fj

'29~ fc,/f Pc.:..1J

/f;pf de(Jr~dse /te' ,,:"I:I

belP tV

On 6t. Ti

% la u,1 <B v-

1r.'lJ

eXtZl'Y7;>/e

:Z"/~ ~!?

,:ale

C'rIJIS'.)/(:1//

PM". 0118 (r)

,qr

/I')CO< IIJ/dl Jr'}

II~uJed.

CtJnci&l')sr;:f'I'

fh~

t. ~

1?,~.....-I1

Il

n ,,-I

i~ee

tJf 3,~ M.)

tc?.f.(? IS

T af

A-'

l4e /CE.!' t?tlll$$)tJm:

,J,:< fr "1,7t'l!-/dp,J"

, 1 - Ftl'l

--p--

the /iJllaW1i1J t.ltir/d"JC'$ a,".::

t! t!{le rldel? fan T"

= lIP, Iff,<.1 ~

~'1:Z

6.1 p r'~J/ J, e,! 41; L..J

fi, y" ifYi1 r::'C' S' 'J' J r C<-f'-h'r fa

b

In [ftt')

0'-'

r-~~ eKtllYlf'k:J CL

;;'~.17

-r()fa/ rCE tlClIJtJr

rafl'ft>

t:I;1ISS./tJl?S'

t;:i

ftekr 1:-0

ely-ells

/ ~ d/cdle ra ngl!'.1 iPf'lPfll'i'/

(-&r~er;)
;r

r1
V.46t,.

~~

iC/,fhl L /-PP'

tlh&:/

2,Om. !he ..sA.~.Ied

T chQl7fes:)

j...

tf,/

f;,;nctrtlh ,pI:

/i Ked I'Ll tl k dftfllJ t!':ur () r

~ /. XIOIc:n':2.(~)(~q!3.rJ

I,e

fA

cCI/c.tI/qleS"

.3tJ~ f,13

r_ 45,15"

e>< C/ J?{j> Ie :J. ~ , / "

"~"

__ ' r J _ _ "

____ ._

,"'_

__

~._.

. . . ----~.'-.,-

PROBLEM 26.17 EXCEL SPREADSHEET

MA =

131.4 kg/kgmole

3
R= 0.08206 m atm / kgmole K
2
0.088 cm /s
DAB =

308 K
1.0 atm
2.0 m

To=
p=
D=

L(m)
0.50
T(K)
1.479
288
1.561
289
1.646
290
291
1.736
292
1.830
1.928
293
294
2.031
2.139
295
2.252
296
297
2.370
2.494
298
2.623
299
2.759
300
301
2.901
302
3.049
3.204
303
304 . 3.367
305
3.536
3.714
306
3.900
307
4.094
308
---------~------

_...

.. 1..

TCE Emissions Rate (kG TCE/day)

2.00
1.00
1.50
2.50
0.740
0.780
0.823
0.868
0.915
0.964
1.015
1.069
1.126
1.185
1.247
1.312
1.379
1.450
1.524
1.602
1.683
1.768
1.857
1.950
2.047

0.493
0.520
0.549
0.412
0.434
0.579
0.610
0.457
0.643
0.482
0.677
0.508
0;713
0.535
0.751
0.563
0.592
0.790
0.831
0.623
0.874
0.656
0.920
0.690
0.967
0.725
1.016
0.762
1.068
0.801
0.842
1.122
1.179
0.884
1.238 . 0.929.
1.300
0.975
1.365
1.024

0.347
0.366
0.386
0.406
0.428
0.450
0.474
0.499
0.525
0.552
0.580
0.610
0.641
0.673
0.707
0.743
0.780
0.819

2.75

3.00

0.351
0.369
0.389
0.409
0.431
0.453
0.477
0.502
0.527
0.554
0.583
0.612
0.643
0.675
0.709
0.744

0.338
0.356
0.375
0.395
0.416
0.437
0.460
0.483
0.508
0.534
0.561
0.589
0.619
0.650 !;

--_.

0.6~~.. _.1

;:Lc;r /5'
6' 1. ==

(2 H6 0"'13 C

lts )

?13
f/(/f of 6" 2

IJS

f:; fo

Jel

/1,18

Mefti / reduc..fiof1 wil16e

11l1/tlenced 6J /lux of~.

1 I{m/?.) 6)

re(/,c!,dri["I) !teeds

~,,' c

rf

(3)

(jJ...)

cJ

1+-

,5'"cm

(I)

t/

0)

iflts

I m.2.

d.OS- m

~Ii 0::" O.:L.{)

~fls ~

o.

.Ps; =

)...3;2. tkm 3

Ms1' -=

~"

4[ I f- ;tAoI

D4-d

Clvf!q =

6-=

:3
2.

.2f~

Of :J/mok

(llfs ::: /vlt.l!b

(I'
C Ai:>

NIr ~ ~

N~,"

C DII"-

..~ [ 1 + '1,1+ 0

1+ Wt4'6.

c..t<$

cflle [t"CJr~o)-~ (1+ t{)]

buf h(/+x)= K_~X2+~X3+-,,,,

If X-::::N;r 'J

f,

0;(3 -:: ;.

7<=:?"

HA?:.

~'~---V(53,3X:z0 7,t:,

=- 13,/15'

::::~, ?tJo

e:fli3

t3.145

::;:. IO.f). 'J10 -Q7Jt:;

0 =-

0, ~{)/J'$g

(').Z!JOtJ)(f),7:L&O)

.1<'(
116

vera'

5111all

in (N t1i~) ~ rJA~
C s
c7es

')..9hf~1'()J :::.3,5:24
2.

~13':<':; 1.1,116
r=ft.f3

be

C:;

)(~, ,.tVIII

)(2

o,k. s

pjfrl:' =:

eTAS h (I + !Iff,,]

=5:'77 x /O~h11S

IZ

(),57J

mrs

1-

D196

o~s

J f S;11;<"lo~cm~k::::. r.t.4

/ t- DAB;:.

@tM)((.:2.5'~)

cSk$
Ii

C.!li6
~ ({ +'I(to)
()
.

(I -t ~ ):=:=

,,(9r3S5x.lc/~.
XO,571tj!)-tn{J,:;)
.
m3 _
_
I

/'VAt: -

( 0, () s'WI 1.9 J.. 4)

== 2.

I3

:::&;::::::;

{Ij.
x I (F 5'flh1 Ie!
n?..;,,?

-...-

0.)Nr ~ cJ}'2' 8 ,t" (1,:<) '" ~, I hi D"5(1'.</1)

Cl

-- A

== /,97 X 10

trJOif?/l172.S

;; t" ;1/

(,,~ ~J)

.~

~~~'-.~'-'

..

-"

-.

~---""""~-~'--~-'-~

~,~--~--"-

/, Ne> A(/PI1()Je/1e~tI$ red,c'//;n

II? S-///Cdl1 r'llbJer-

i, S feacl:J-,$IIl~e i'tltJlb5c"'!f.1Y
ell/hJSIIH'I //1

3. No 61.//1<.

y'--dlY'e:;eI-MIJ

any-

i'OJltrl btllldJ4

-4 , CtJn5 h:r n f" 019(:3

s: CtJYl~e n Ira fldKJ

In v/J,Ct1fj t;,1

f'~ 0

q, IJfl r

/).""

~ :~:'
-dt;

Ij:i'

,. A4", IS t~~J$ll:1n f

_d-(~' lV~f.) ~.~ 0 j

{.1 f"

@ r'.:::

1<.." ::: <1,55 m}Y/

C'/D

(H S) Cfls -=(}/S) ((), /)5;!)

;: (a, 7f f!.bJ. ,(3.ft

male Imf

'if'fp,

d5

'tf)

afl?l

=- a,1J.3 rr:uh
m!
f/

c.

J _
It ~

C:,,,..

(;).156-4- OJA3)'t,.

a, r~3 -

V'
0, i'"~
o
lJ.13S" o I C?
I

,,~

{>'J'"
.,ll (11"'1)

(}l 7~1()

0.12.3 t

(),?.. O
0, ?hS

~S")
( '!,S'S'

~~
o.1~F

2 S{;1
1

l, q 3.5 S'
. /,. .I r:;"

o...~ -; G'

(L.)
0//5'5'

c:'IS's:
.)
(J,

c;;; ::.~, S"t1 mo(e

mY

~::::: CJ

=t=
-,
.z..~
t (1Jtf~)

C~~:: 0, /";.3 mole

m3
~j? /5 {!oJJs;'an-t-

r d Cft:

c~

c; -: : :A, 5't,;f- M;e:=. C;l.-

@ z-

::. 3. '2. )(. lIP-~

I

Gg -= cJ

Off$' ~

;:; 111_

2~6

~s

t-

C.2.

=- ~
If

C~ -= ells r J!L fJ,1...~ ~ -!:11

R.f
+46

;L0AS

Nfl .: : - 0/18 d Cit .=- t:h6 (7'~,?)

eft ::. CIt.s

d,i!r

A#e..--

~DFtB

Cit-=-

@ y=-- R..1...)

7~ 2. f'r; (m) r- .<..s~1-

de:

I r .>Ci/'rJe

rdr -!1l. R?- d'r'

Cir == !1L r '"-ttL r<.f ~ r

1- 7)1113
'). CJtf;

c; ~ _7" -;., ~

0118 2-

G =-7t~, f?

I'yt

&:J.

m .t- :z. _ m

;:::

d. Y'

d Cfj.

;:. CJ

t C,
2

.sL
de; C~}
dz- -- 0

@! c

&
2

C :: - !!!- /(,I
DIf-f3 ?-..

d'e>"

0~

dr

0l1g

1VAz-':: .-948 d.5

CfJI :::

deB ::::. 0

0.::: a1.

Cl.3;Z em

=-0 j

j-

r::: RJ

r..aL

4~8

-1/ 21

tt,e. -=- / )( / ()
-II

:L

20R8

m 7.5
-9

(7~:;.,,[?X/;(/b ltL):.1,'3x/O
5

Cr ~~) - in f(;~C!C..)

m:.JH

~,s

ells = fJ,
:::
If

ttJa.fm

_/

3-

-'I

~')

/(2

Yflole

tAd'.-<,

O,71al-"" '!!!-.

1IY13

W/tJ/e

= /, 212.. ~i6~ /IJ1 b

2,2..3
-L- d [t" /.111 ]
V' cJ'r
II'"

!VA- = -

=~ fYl

m J, hY':::

T'\

DI1B

Vll6 .::. ?~,

defT.
dr"

PA.
Ii [ r dJA..J ,-: .
V'
d r
d.~"

111-=- 0; 2... ~ mAle.>

fyl

r-- dCfl
- In r:.t C
---~+ I
d. r
011 .6 ;L

/
(0,

lekrn3

-It

/.

74 )<./1) ~
emil, S'

-5'
1.
x Jt) em ~

CA(~)

0,)..5'

r,fP-x./O

fj, 87 )( I(F~
/, otiS" 'i- 10_~
I, 0 (Pb ~ 10
1,/"37 >< I~-{,

(), '3
0;4Of SO, fp

-7

1,:J.f~ ;< 10-'

0,15

2'.24

J.: Jre =
If

:2. 11 ~ L N~ r =:; 2.. 11 r< L

t-

A::: ~ lufora/Jehlde
f)N3did)

dr

B.::free om/l1e

r<.

(!

('-=

rc

f2ea~ hOj/); Af ).13 4 Pr~dtl.ct

Cit -::.0

\f, Nit

.; ~ : : .

.%

()

.Ii-('('2..Nhf)::; 0 I r!l.~ 15 C()i1sf;:,nr

df'
)
r

ci, Iv f-e

CtJI?C,

d+ A- o"J si1w jllk5/d~

J1tJ b tilk

c. fJ I') f,.././;u ,fl& n

Nffr ..:' - tJltta dSt

dr"

" ~WAr !~t.r -: : -1rr~ 1d~

4f7'r
0

froWi "-(,,;;3

Dft t3:: a, IK liscvYs

Rs ~

o,~!> t

1<.'2.;;:

0, 7~ c.m,

YY'

L """ 15" em

~ ~ r~
~
11/

/'fA

~c.

ftS

[.L
- L ] ~ 411 /:k.!) C"S
P.. r~

j}(I'r::;

-4 jr'[1, 8 Cfi s

[ ;f{ - 'Ire]

r2e.Cl-<::- !Ibn

t=-

/'5 cO/YJ(//efe aJhen IC. =0.

li._L- [K_l<j

M~ :lDIf f3 efts

-: . fl/iflf!,

Ii

--1-- - ~

-t : :":

:ll#B~5 ~

~::: 3{JO mole.>

M(6

-.=

-4
j;<./() moles

m~

em 3

($ ><. );~()k.s) ((J, 15cm1J

I

CvJ1 3

1:<.. (1,1 x lo8c-XJxl;S",,!:oj,~)

:::.. /, J'llK It) q;s :::::; 332.5' hr

SpY'e4d sltee /:- used h eva/l(qle

t ;: E(yc.)

J
/- Vhl

Pi. ~CCti~-~3) ~ C}J.8 ~ [1- )fIT).

I em

:l em

-s
I~ (c. -0)==
I em-Itt<-

&,:1..3 )(~~ ~1I5)atl- /pi.

-;'CfY?

C : ;: :. ~2S7 JI-tRJ.- ]
~~

ta96~~

~f1~ and (JA-i- tJn

ett.li/;'br/ctm lIne,
So Iv' e

/J,9'P-Ri

b:1ir1cJ I t:I nclerr~ 'r:

aSst{me

JItA.::::

rlR",;.

~,I..

.:::.

:25: f

e.::. i'f :::: /, Prs ~ It)S'~

fnrrJ

~.25. f mm = a 0.:3'59,
7~O mYl1

f! 311- mole'
!6.'h1 Ylo~aK
f<U
3

's-

.,

::: t~t I! i'l1(}le ==

Ca/clI/qf6'
C. .:: tJ, 257 g" (0, 'U~ ~5"]
IJA'I- 0/1(,5'3

/.:;, Ie

_5"

'/. . /(J

/In:?

I71Jlie

cm 3

Wv~ ~ :). tr ((.:21 f x 1:;~eff()'33~.e

[0,:;. ~m) ~1 ($, (j
=::. 4.5'9 )( II) -, /ndkls
y

/","

F:

/ +

~~r.

.~

{/

1i:

U (- 3 fi(~ ~ ur; tg.)

\1, Nit T 2'~ ,#( ()

jr (r:l.~r)=- 0

I
I

''IAr

13.=: 37~ K

Ba615':

J r~r;i>

~.

tdf1J-hYJI:

it13:: a iPS-

L:::. 1m

- I
--11/

Cr;-7j)
1
=~t7tl/: ca~ 73 -7;.),. f~)1~tAu:

Chec-k

s.ee

fp

1/ nilIII r4 /

Convectldn IfI1O:>tJrtt'll1f:
!Veed tt ~ ohi-'41r;
t f;/t)"J
.
fr'()Ou! (' fIe s

/r

'I"'/J

ryuJ (Inti (In'/J'''J 4SSUfJ1e f.::]:I.J'k

7{;/m =3.2 ~t 370 -=

WUK (-'--):: 4 rTc
, ((.5
;L

WLJ~'=-" ~ 1rC ~6

DAB/.1'1 [Y-.]
/,0

.en (3.0)

l~,c:::

71'1 '"

:pJ ~/4

J.. f(fv.)rdlff L'

~ fi

4:41:<'

@35tJK) R:0,(;'I7 i(Pr)=-0,51.9

'9~{~ = O. 4>r;IS '/.. {O-8'

A,.:; 2370 ~
C :::.

.t:.. :: It rJ/J )( II)S'fa.,

(r,311~' m.! X.34f!X)

R. T

wltJle' /<.

_s
::::; 31JII rYlIJle..:= ~1rtxltJ ItJ.t.
m3
errl

0116
ah~

71;:: 3~! J 61':: 570--:f.t?:::.1';.

Jt/J.r.:::; O,tJ/5" dn/mfIJrjpnr

I~

),

". Nfl

(1).-7;) ;:: (- ~r )(1;) Au

Itl
1-

Jjf: f}{'''

(rlJ/'IY') -:=. 0 ) r

=- -

C 1)116

Nftr ::

~ ~Vc97XJ;'

@0= :<-'13

IS'

(- fA d".

fR ~ -: : .

rNftr

Vff~

~G

:: (),:u, () ".!J).f4

r",

=O,35~

e V"B .In.

~tp

I-,/t+

Nhr-I :::
R"

Rk[~J

I-yflfo

im[ l-jiAs J
I-yfi~

af asstlmed 72-= 32-f K J ~ :::.34'lK

filii..::: @..c;. ~ ~/!";'!!'-:; tJ./5b
p

1!5/ f

.: :. /J!1K

~/{)~

:1~(Ir Up 7 )
(W)
;;''13
I. UN)

tm%

C:-1i4J

:: (3. 1'11){

lri~
X'o.1.5?J 'I)in (f~)
cm.5
{.1I6

Dflt3

Rk[~S]

rN/tr Rm(f{jj) =: ~ 11,1< ~1/~'~5]

R

R:;
Jl.o..::.

NAt'':

1't

C DlTa (-

J as: r

i-Afj

C(}Y)6m"r

r!.!b- f 'jr:d ~ r- tJ}l~

dr-

115'. f

TK::: ~~J." ::: 1,'~4

6!tB

Nhr

:=

..fLp ;:' I, 1'1

-c Dt48 diB

R.~8

2rfK .:: 0, :Z~O c.m~/s

~?;. ::;5..!ft?

Nflrr

lJ() i11 WI

k [%!-]

(4 em)

:::.- - f. () 17 x li-1- mole s/em2. s

Checl( /(/ ~ee

(~~ ~
rn

~5f<

/r 1i ~ 32f:-

)(J:ZJ:rSJ,,310)
-1

= (r.tJilx Ie; W/i?k.s Xlo1:.m~/!li)(2 31tJ~

Cm2,$

1{;,j ~ S'tJ

.:=

i'H~ AhlJfI

-4tk I?I /
"

lIe ltc..!J 2.(" 5"

(f

d. (NAf:) :: OJ" ~

de

tans/anI-

It,

IVAn~ .:: - c ~e d.!itJ.

r ~ (14t2:+- tieC')
d~
~

Stl6sf,.ful/~)1

q 2.~

Me.),A ::::- - NB;t Ag

NAl (so) ~ - Nel; ~3)

,:t

lJ"e; ci..jp
d 2:-

NIt;;

f U(t (~ - 0/1() f/
if~,
0"

tJ9/

flfl Niti!::'

0,,8 f~(T~ (;,091 dt

0, OCf / :flta> J- 0,0'11 #14

r:::

~ Vll 8 k [ J -o,bfl i

Jd (rJ..N ) -;::;~.1 elf

yJi. JYt1 r
I
~ ~ - T;?,q~
dY'

- [)RI!

sL (V'/),JCn)
;J1 == - Ie( eLln

r2. d r

0..
d-: (y2. ci..1t):=:
r d,;'
ct r
let- j/c CITt'

s!. 'i- -: :;
cd r

~I
DfJ$

'

Y' c! Cff~

oV'

Crr

(a.)

fI:;: () and

J
Czj. -::::

tt't r

(!./ :::. CJ

Cfl -::;' Ctit)

%

cz -=
rr

hir sphey-e:

R)
C
R
fla

fls

l-oJ),!1 jtt<XJ

09/0

0,.1(3

~ r::

{J,

(j
'/1
-'
~"
7J :::;~; G\,

..,. Ct}. '5m h (r ,r:klf DfJj!.) ::::

Nt3;/::' -O,9tJ9 1v'A-c

c;;

ta) lIJe'k/s

.', ~-=- C1 C~~ A(r r;r;:;;f}d) .___ ~

Nit 2-;;

Jlllt>

C::L

S)n~ (R.Jh;iq,e)

c~o R
,..-.-'Sm I, {R ~ I! DI18

~(Jr,
E Smh (('~Q)
..sIr; h (f( ~70;713 )

4. SfeaJ3 -sfafe d,/fu5/~n

In

s:

i3--

dJ reeflOtl onl;!"

Nt) bw /1<

l2onfy'/ btJ hbr1

eXQfflcP/e 2~,1

hCJWJ
h

41A13

=-

-If)

~)<

/J.

'1j

fJ17S

f( .:;:. (/, (JtJ d.. m

IIm '3
/ti:l. /5

CfttJ'::- ~,":l. m~

k,:::

R (F:t :;:.

/.9'f.

o.O~~YrJ /,q ~M-:J.~

. ==

:J..'I.. IO-IO m:2/s

01'18

11.1'9

4.fa ;:
J t;-

P1- 1: - J12.- t5

"ile

OA6

C~::: 121- ~:2. -~ ~ ~

:2. 1I~6

f' LIlt!'

,*,8

~ l- ~ - 0lte ~ :::. ";'Q,~ I!!1- c -- f!J} ]

cI 't'

:::: W1 ( c5' -

:16,,31 '
fir high cOl")ce l1 t,.o hb;n,) GA .> k'r-r

RA :;: -

t<AY'r1O-X

Cft

eli ==. - ~

;;:: - rn
mCl.)'.

/. let/'() tJrJer fA Yell/fh o" I hIt) fI'lm

mass
-frans/er" @ 6oundaf'j j,e/-weel'? !lui!
t.:lnd b"/tJfi/n ) :>p{riace

:<,,!Va

}"teSIS

I,e.

/anc'.: It, cpnvee.f;ve

if~O)

~. lit 2'::~)

eft':: C'l+o': $;p

dCIl /d1:::::' O.

M.:JJN!rJ):if

P,f6

[J~t3

c-)

Nfl}; -:: fi,7x/i:moL ~,dtJ.:l-lJm

m3~5

/he? UP7.s-/eQa"{f'-s/'q/e cO}-Jcen-rY'ahon

rfl"tJ// k ait:fn,f pas? hdn e /6 f1fVef7 ;,';

U'Ct'hon

/he'

C:z?-:uj .

4x

t5 Clb I'?//Ic>d

6y c!;/hr-~p?h4ho~

of Crf (~tr) aH4 tC".s"j.lh?,c,/ 1"1~)

h/haJ~cI

or E= L
r
f1~1T;:(.4t6' t 1
~ .:: 41sLI-.2:- i- -A-starr) e -t.;=~"'-":"::""'.J
t
Jell; = C
L - 8:.:, l L n 1'1't'os ( r;J[.fi) e
:;III!;
d e:{n
6{

S-ub~-/,I-~IIQ'1

c.

cJ

;?
L

H'

"lrf1;;'/

?.rr'1-

f1 ;5 [_

-17

L.

1:t' I) :::.

M? d''''()ce.5s

I-

I-

II7~trf COoh!,tJltJt/.:;;-

/f"t7v/deJ iJn olf-QC'!,t!"I'I[::5t1tIJCI!-C-Y'

CiI'lJ

~~~;7r/es

/1

I,lL"!'

!.5'

>",;1/ h'?# ~t;t'

;'/,;./,

.Ie?! /crl/?71"l6

..:5(f't;("'dcl6-6C"t?i: /l./CJffl..;

fir:>! htJuY' 1/;4/ IV/t.-z: Is (!/o.>e 1C7~eVtf al.z-:::;L

vV'/ t-Ime

('t/

~j

?t!/ ",; /!' - ()t7'C1 nc t/4'1'1,;) r'..

12;7

CIS

are

clur'l/Jf ~P

rhtf'

CpJ')/n'/

,~.

__

~~"_

".

F"~

PROBLEM 27.1 EXCEL SPRFADSHEET PART (A)

ATDABe2DAB PA-

PTcAI -

n-octane

15.0 "C

arr/B0.0S73 arr/-.

0.OS73

Le-

100.00 an

d-

2.00 an

w-

1039 Pa

MA-

101300 Pa

PA.I! -

4.340B-07 grmle{cm'

NA(gmote,tm2-sec)

7200.0
2.0
3.222E-12

18000.0
5.0
7.735B-ll

NAca.mz-h)

4.363B-05

1322&02

3.175B-Ol

.8.158B-Ol
4.430B-Ol
1.601B-Ol
3.851&02
-6.165B-03
6.569B-04
-4.658B-OS
2.199B-06
.6.908E-os
1.444B-09
2.010B-ll
1.862&13
1.148&15
4.109B-18
1.286&20
2.338&23
2.828B-26
2.277B-29
1220&32

-6.656B-Ol
1.962B-Ol
.2.563&02
1.483B-03
3.800B-05
4315B-07
2.170B-09
4.835B-12
-4.772.15
2.086&18
-4.040B-22
3.466&26
.1311B-3O
2.218B-35
1.654B-40
5.464.46
1.991B-52
5.184B-58
1.489.64
1.894B-11

.3.614B-Ol
1.706B-02
.1.OS2B-04
8.467B-08
.8.904B-12
1.223B-16
.2.194B-22
5.140B-29
.1.573.36
6.286&45
.3.281B-54
2.237.64
.1.992.75
2.316&81
3.518B-l00
6.98OB-114
.1.808B-128
6.12OB-144
.2.705B-160
1.561B-177

Series Term II =

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
11
18
19
Series Term II = 20

!,

II
I
I
i

.i

I
t

~52&36

l00.00.an
114.00 kgIkgmo\e
0.703 r/an'
14.06 kg

mAl-

3600.0
1.0
1.063&14

Tlme,tCaec:)
Tillie, i (Ir)

1.00

162000.0 .
45.0

36000.0
10.0
1.838B-I0

S4OOO.0
15.0
2.2S2&10

72000.0
20.0
2.402&1Q

7.s45B-OI

9.241B-Ol

9.856B-Ol

1306B-0l
2.910&04

-4.720&02
4.964B-06
1.163B-12
6.070&22
.7.060B-34
1.829B-48
I.1lS6B-65
13S8B-85
3.891B-I08
2.484B-133
3.533B-161
1.119B-191
7.903B-22S
1.243B-260
-4.356B.299
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB-tOO
0.000B-t00
O.OOOB-tOO

1.706B-02
8.467B-08
1.223B-16
5.140B-29
-6.286&45
2.237.64
.2.316&87
6.980B-114
-6,12OB-144
1.561B-177
1.159B-214
2.504B-255
1.574B-299
o.oOOB..oo
o.oOOB-tOO
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB..oo
o.oOOB-tOO
O.OOOB..oo t
0.000&+00]
216000.0 !
60.0
2.486&10
1.020B-tOO .

.1.106B-08

7.169B-15
7.928B-23
1.496&32
-4.813E-44
2.642&51
2A74B-72
3.951.89
1.077B-I07
5.004B-128
3.967B-lSO
5366&114
1.238B-199
4.812.227
3.211B-256
3.745B-281
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB..oo

90000.0
25.0
2.456&10

108000.0
30.0
2.415B-I0

126000.0
35.0
2.482&10

2.485B-I0

2.486&10

2.486.10

198000.0
55.0
2.486&10

1.008B+OO

1.016B..oo

1.019B+OO

1.020B..oo

l.020B-tOO

1.020B-tOO

I.020B-tOO

144000.0
40.0

180000.0
SO.O

-6.165B-03 -2.228B-03 8.o52B-04 -2.910E-04 -I.052B-04 -3.800B-OS 1.373B-OS -4.964B-06

1.444B-09
2.464B-11
4.203B-13
7.169B-15
1.223B-16
2.086&18
3.559B-2O
6.070B-22
.1.286&20 .1352B-24 1.422.28 .1.496&32 .1.573&36 1.654B-40 .1.739E-44 -1.s29B-48 ~
4.352.36
3.685B-43
3.12OB-SO
2.642&51
2.237.64
1.894B-11
1.604B-18
1358B4s ;
.5.597B-56 -4.984B-67 -4.438B-78 3.951B-89 .3.518B-l00 3.133B-l11 -2.190&122 -2.484B-I33:
2.736&80
3.346&96 4.092&112 5.004B-128 6.120&144 7.484B-160 9.153B-176 1.119&191
.5.D82&109 .1.115&130 .2.446&152 -5.366&174 .1.177B-195 .2.583B-217 5.666&239 -1.243B-260
3.588&142 1.844&170 9.418B-199 4.812&227 2.504B-255 1.287B-283 O.OOOB-tOO o.oOOE+oo
.9.626.180 -1.514B-215 .2.381&251 .3.745B-281 O.OOOB-tOO O'(lOOEtoo O.OOOB-tOO O.oiJoEt.oo
9.815B-222 6.170&266 O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo
.3.804B-268 O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B..00
O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE+oo O.OOOE+oo O.OOOEtOO 0.000B-t00 .
O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 O.OOOB-i.oo
O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB+OO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE+oo
O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.DOOB-tOO O.OOOE+oo 0.000'..00
O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 .
O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE+OO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOEtoo O.OOOEtoo
O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB+OO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO 0.000&+00
O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO - O.OOOB-tOO I
O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE+OO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00

)/f;~

~wn-:r-;ln-::;cf.o,e e~~-..Jft'~ m;;:~-IS

f
{,I
I.
lid /Itt >< .;;1 c:::. L (tJl hI r~.$tp.",,,,,t- ,1;: Orne.'
Cln1

oJ

.
m/tlt)

=:

W7A;/i't

-t

==

r0i18L'R

fo #tlc. df;:: ~\; :IiL

L-Y- -f

~?

:J. ~5

.1tf'f1!J'/C'd

61117.f<lr~;ftlr
'-'

<o)t1
(-I
t. f/::'/ n:l 'f(:l.V

if

Zt;r:l[)
#11

-~

f::;

(;l..

~B 1t:.)7
.J

rejtllred !c;r-

i;t!1t?

fl?/j

(f) "':/YJrt;

de fenr?lflc,1 t4$/11Jj

ttJt?5

//1" f~'

Ctw~jJl!litf'r {;pre'odsJec';; (p,,,,,; 13),

5iJt'tl/;.(I'?iI!/J Cl Illne t')e1~ Jt"l/',f,)'C'.'tYj

ca/cu/Clfedr the 1~5;t)lv~r' ftl/}cl/)tl ol1fhe C:tJi'Nrft1kr

One! h117 ttJa$

1,i

il

~---.---.--.---~.-~'

PROBLEM 27.1 BXCEL SPREADSHEET PART B

A=

n-octane
15.0C

T=

DAB =
2 DAB =

0.0573 em /sec
2

1039 Pa

PT=

101300 Pa

eAa=
t=
t=
released rnA =
released rnA =

4.340B-07 gmoIe/em
4~963B+07

100.00 em

1.00

d=

2.00 em

t,~ 511r5' !;;/ts

100.00 em (basis)

W=
MA=

0.0573 em /sec

PA*=

L=

( Cale t4 (alk! /~ $

114.00 kgIkgmole
0.703 g/crn

n-oc';(1 f)6'

14.06 kg

It Id t{j;,f,1/v[

PA,Iiq =
rnAf=

i'j'

1!111C!t'e'd

l/t:YH!)'

//;e
. I,
.

u.l.)(} li:,."J /.1 S ;roc k /af/,~/<)

sec

574.5 day
1.233B+02 gmole (basis)
1.406B+Ol kg (basis)

_n

Tenn
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
-----_._ .. IS

-1.013B-Ol
2.533B-02
-1.126B-02
6.333B-03
-4.053B-03
2.S14B-03
-2.06SE-03
1.5S3E-03
-1.251B-03
1.0 13B-03
-S.374E-04
7.036E-04
-S.995B-04
5.169E-04
4.503E-04
3.958E-04
-3.506B-04
3.127B-04

Summation
-1.013B-01
-7.599B-02
-S.725B-02
-S.092B-02
-S.497B-02
-S.21SE-02
-S.422B-02
-S.264B-02
-S.389E-02
-S.28SB-02
-S.371E-02
-S.30lE-02
-S.36lE-02
-S.309E-02
-S.354B-02
-S.31SE-02
-S.350B-02
-S.319E-02

..5////

% Change

-_._-_ ..
33.33
12.90
7.S3
4.77
3.43
2.46
1.92
1.49
1.22
1.00
0.S5
0.72
0.62
0.54
0.48
0.42 . I
0.3S , ,I

19
20
21
22
23
24

25
26
27
2S
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

--,,- ---_._.-.

-2.S07B-04 -S.347B-02
2.533B-04 -S.321B-02
-U9SB-04 -S.344B-02
2.093E-04 -S.323E-02
-1.915E-04 -S.342B-02
1.759B-04 -S.325B-02
-1.62IB-04 -S.341B-02
1.499B-04 -S.326E-02
-1.390B-04 -S.340B-02
1.292E-04 -S.327B-02
-1.205E-04 -S.339E-02
1.126E-04 -S,328E-02
-1.054E-04 -S.33SE-02
9.S9SE-05 -S.329B-02
-9.304B-05 -S.338E-02
S.76SE-05 -S.329B-02
-S.27lE-OS
-8.337B-02
---._-----_.
..
_

0.34
0.30
0.28
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.19
O.IS
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10

PROBLEM V.3 EXCEL SPREADSHEET

A - benzene (m water solvent "B")
T293.0 K
M...
78.00 kgll<gmole

OMc.... _

/1

tt-

111/ l u i l;;;/M

Due Iz>
ClrJd

/ I

,sfflCl/;

,'I ~

r'/

{J;;t' r'U,s/c//

1(/ \

-'1 i.
1)( If)

if ")

/tJnJ d,.s/Qn~/ /h/6' CL.

.5C>ff/I:'- II? hY71 Ie' dl / /JI S fa n

~J1:. :::;
e) t;-

n ir.

@ f:.:[) ) 14 ::

!,//f6 ~

dl:2.

CAd =()

a~:J t~,

Cit:; ~s (j) ~::CJ

Cf'W ~

CA~ "" /)

~7,3

z.::.

6"cm::-

t =:

72. h;p" ::: ~,,$"'/ '!< /0

c::?

cPS J11

S.,...

.s
o.o5m
'2 i(/,/: ~-v", ~1J.,5f :'/~fGs

::: /,0'53

erf Up);.

eyf{I,?'5"3) -; OJ '11,)"

{Its -Cit ::: ;Z1- Y1 ~

('lis -L,4
:2.1-tJ

J)

.=- cJ,

(/.. Cf1t2....

15' m,j/e,j,yJo
~-==---.:

;::bY' fir/I fe 6/)t(l1~dhJ c!dl1 rJ;-i/dt)s.;

() nf?-,/;m ef7.<)lollt;? ./
I

tlll<;< Pticlr- 5

CO r1tt!C' )71f"'4 ,1;)/; rfJrLl/;k hI"

J-~ le

/;JeI'7.;f("7F1cf

dI5StJ/I/'C"/ III (j}llfr:-r-s't1 ft1t C'lled .5cti/ /.$

jli/eh

bj/

C ... &
iI

3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
2S
V
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101

1.00&09 rrf~
24.0 gmoIe,b!'

1.00m
0.05m

w=

0.0 gmo1e,bl'

2.592H+05 sec
7200 h
0.675

gmole,b!'

Term
Summation
9.98&02
9.983&02
9.85&02
1.983E-Ol
9.59&02
2942&01
9.21&02
3.864E-Ol
8.72E-02
4.736E-Ol
8.15&02
5.551E-Ol
7.50&02
6.300E-Ol
6.79&02
6.979E-Ol
6.05&02
7.585E-01
5.30&02
8.115E-Ol
4.56&02
8.571E-Ol
3.84&02
8.955E-Ol
3.15&02
9.VOE-Ol
2.52E-02
9.522&01
1.95&02
9.717E-01
1.44&02
9.862&01
1.00&02
9.962&01
6.36E-03
1.0038+00
3.35E-03
1.006B+00
9.686-04
1.0078+00
-8.32&04
1.006B+00
1.0048+00
-212&03
1.0018+00
-2.97E-03
9.975E-01
c3.45E-03
9.939E-01
-3.63E-03
9-903E-01
-3.60E-03
9.869E-01
-3.4OE-03
9.838E-01
-3.09E-03
9.811E-01
-272&03
.2.32&03
9.788E-Ol
9.768E-01
-1.93E-03
9.753E-01
-1.55E-03
9.741E-01
-1.21E-03
9.731E-01
-9.186-04
9.72SE-01
-6.686-04
9.72OE-Ol
-4.636-04
9.717E-01
-3.02&04
9.715E-01
-1.786-04
9.714E-Ol
-8.71E-05
9.714E-01
-234E-05
9.714E-Ol
1.86E-05
9.715E-Ol
4.37E-05
9.715E-Ol
5.64E-05
6.04E-OS
9.716E-Ol
9.717E-Ol
5.86E-OS
5.33E-OS
9.717E-01
4.62&05
9.718E-01
9.718E-Ol
3.86E-05
3.11E-05
9.718E-Ol
9.719E-Ol
243E-OS
1.84E-05
9.719E-Ol

1.00m

% OJange
49.67
32.59
23.84
18.42
14.68
11.90
9.73
7.98
6.S4
5.32
4.29
3.40
265
201
1.46
1.01
0.63
0.33
0.10
0.08
0.21
0.30
0.35
0.37
0.36
0.34
0.31
0.28
0.24
0.20
. 0.16
0.12

0.09
0.07
0.05
0.03

.0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01

O.ol
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

2. "J, 4..0

1- ~ .LSinlr11t'~'e
-trLh
LI-/

n~~OA-8

ell-CAS _

CR

t) -

'its
tvhere

:4

Y/-I

"'X1:::'l::....::::
/m
')...

Cit::: /.

-t4/'

00/llm 3 fiJ

XI

i':;:-

Iff 1/,15 (JtJ'l'7l; a/I /he 5"/l/1 /5

(,b11116e dl
/I /IScJtJer/VY}~ Ilt);1 ttJ.as

c!tJnftlmlnaftJd bect1t1.5("J'
In I i1) 1"I''I/.IIrA.,

tji

u~r?J ~f1 aitdc/;ed t'prn(JtI/t!Y' sJJt'~(Jd-

..5h~e t j l:.lfI'l~ thi/lle J'pt!'.5'st!d

I Ie r t!7 f; /.Ie 1'1 ct n 1-/) C'tl::: j,().h ttl:e::. XI"
./

A~

benl;tf'ne

r= ~93

(,n wa/-t'f"'.J'tJ/ven.f 8)

1<'

MA-" 1 !,~

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25

XI:::'

al? fYI~/e'

;::

/1~tJft1

w::
Id) frl
1,/"3
Cill
C>. tJ gl1'l()Je/rYl
A o:f!

"<1

Summation
Tenn
1.16E+OO 1.160E+OO
9.763E-Ol
-1.84E-Ol
2.50E-02
1.001E+OO
9.994E-Ol
-1.92E-03
7.67E-05
9.995E-Ol
-1.53E-06
9.995E-Ol
Q.995E-Ol
1.50E-08
-7. 19E;.11
9.995E-01
1. 67E-13
9.995E-01
9.995E-01
-1.86E-16
1.00E-19
9.995E-01
-2.59E-23
9.995E-01
3.21E-27
9.995E-01

% Olange

-~'-'--- -----.....:..........--.---.-----~--

f(e~u/red

~.:::; IdJM

il"'" /x/~~rm"/$
O,..~
c,q~::: ;2f,~ !m~/~/IYI']
n

1
3
5
7

1+1 3

j
18.8 :
2.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 ,
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

t ;: :. 43s: 5: da,!f..s

11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51

Tenn
Summation
1. 17E-01
1. 168E-01
1. 847E-0 1
6.79E-02
3. 18E-02
2. 164E-01
1. 65E-02
2. 330E-O1
1.00E-02
2.430E-Ol
2.497E-01
6.70E-03
4.80E-03
2.545E-01
3.60E-03
2.581E-01
2.80E-03
2.609E-01
2.25E-03
2.631E-01
1. 84E-03
2.650E-01
1.53E-03
2.665E-01
1.30E-03
2.678E-01
1. llE-03
2.689E-01
9.64E-04
2. 699B-01
8.43E-04
2.707E-01
7.44E-04
2.715E-01
6. 62E-04
2.721E-01
5.92E~
2.727E-01
5.33E-04
2.733E-01
4. 82E-04
2.737E-01
4.38E~
2.742E-01
4.00E-04
2.746E-Ol
3.67E-04
2.749B-01
3.38E-04
2.753E-01
3.12E-04
2~756E-01
7

Itt t:::. 6. to 'I. /0 s -:.. ~/O Ve..ar'$)

mI'l .::;:..5 I ~ ,!i.ttl

').41

frJ ,::

% Olange

36.7
14.7
7.1
4.1
2.7
1.9
1.4 :
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4 :
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

I:/.

CAl>':= I K /0

CIfG :::

Dl9-d

f ("-1

:<. X JO~/ Cl.f~ms /CmJ

t: .:. / At" :=.

Z~

tihJl11S/ CWJ

36c:Jtl 6

{)...Jr1JeY'c:JI'')$:

-1

j.l<ltJ

13

=5x /tJ- cm%

em

Ih Y'
/.7J

dJ

tCS)

eY'fctP)

2.551 0,99904 I
0, <Ii91
tPI13 /.?

3~()tJ

17

7fl:L

fJ-L

10,; 7,,64

0,91'3

/1 "
J,4-

0,95),3

f5f 1~(t1 I,l

0/1103
0.1+:<'1

5' ~ 0~~J
,0

;u

/,0
~~O 0, 9(,~:<'

0. !:.fp ;;.,

o. 911r = erf

((fq'15 )
i

,i

::'

cP:=

;2,R

7-.tDAfJ 1;

5.''' JSx IO-13~2-#~)

:::: 3. 9[P0 )(, /~-t; it;)

Z: =

;2l7

Z:

t(hr'

UYI t

r lCtnJ

36tJ(J

:)./34,7\/-;1

2-

7200

-1

3, ~~() x I~

3 lC!;i~/) f'//~>t I~:

4 11j11JIJ 4.75)( ItJ
5 I ~OtJ(} 5:3/ 'J./o-1t,

cp ==

111.4:11

Vt;'(l

")~(p~~

5:g~ y.

-1

J()

iJ.Y7f:.f (h1tcrOf1s)

~tJ1~

3;-;6
4;IJ~

4,7,j
~11

s,r.2

6)

eNS;:::'

~,O x

I. x IC/~ aftll1'ls I em]

Clio'::

C,q.;::' /
if:

/O:W a/oms Icm 3

x 10 Ig QhJlJ1slcm~

:z

:=

'I-

1(;-"'clYJ

erf(cP)~ O,9?5" J cp:::';(rO

"

-f

2, ():. C
.:::. :t."j. ItJ tfY1
.l ~D~1; ;z.i ~ /tf IrC,;-{t
S70, 71 J ,) 1: -= 5tJ()/J .s

a :.

-4

Omtkln f PIn wal'er @ Jx/ocm

!!!fl ~ c-L~~
v;i~If~

Si!-

=:...1.:

:2 ~ (0 4~m

i~~~--:":i"""k-;xt-65-'""-!J~) ><

qr oS

--

)(. (Q,)( l()i~(JIIfJJ..s)

tJm 3

=5.~4:lx. If) '~fplYIslcfl)3

ii!rt =-

rflIIIv

!!!.!J.

-I-

m5 ;

V
V
S; 61~ x 10 J9af-tJfns(.3tJ.17 fJ- \
CI1)3
irfomJ

---I--=- ...
(~k1:< l( to ;X3t1,'17) +(f),xitlt;ll.07)
- /'~4 x 10- 3

::27,/()

011'/14,)/113

hm

;:::./Ohr
= J'tj
,

.;a~e

Of}{}s

o.

, /)J/rt>'=

UJrr s

cJl7e

a0 I

os

as

'1:.(' ~ (.;'hlcKYie~s):r 2. (0.5' mICf'df1)

4
1 n1lcr()y1 =- I ~ ItJ"' CI'J?

VAS::::' /,5";<

... / g ,

Info

r;.

q'1d mA~PlAf

(n: 4); OIP..1} 'Ita,;):' 0,2.1

tJllt

mAf

=::
I:

-==- '" r;,

I.

Qt/r

0. 21 .::: /J,()/-tVA

/_

0.01 -tJ

x. /P-

-.z.l n;.

11' n=-I
.fJ- .1Z(/1 - ,

.,.

) 0, 7

~6n ~rr7:/{(it)

I-e
.'

"

m~l.:);:. f. ~ ~ eDItBn27t~k2.
rtJlI f

~%

Q/)

n;t.J

WftS-i'Ilfio

Cd,

3el bead
o 6

a, 5"

W,4s -tUff ::::.

"'3

-/:

Y(VI :r') :::. (}/~:4

11':tn:::;1
/.., n ~

.YUl'Ylmaflcn

ca/ctlkhons

are i I vel? in ctJl"rlptltr!3 r

:J-J,II
--CAs'::: tlt / fYJeJ/e/m
Cit;:::

spY'ead shee t:.

K4ts;:' /5/;{eJ, I) ~

e
/b mtJ/

/m

Term
1.03EOI
2.80E-05
l.44E-lO
9.88E-18
8.I8E.;27

1
2
3

CAD ~O

(a~~~~d)
fZ :::: 0, 'J.,5' em
,oI7B':: -:L)( !{[{, em %-

'-.~~-~

Cf\~ - ~

_ 1!:::..!2;::: 1.20
t~-Cfh?- /5

n::.. ()
y'}1 :;::

t',4$

mA (1;) :::. J \NACt)d-l:

h1 ..: IJ

-''')0-

ft; I-q! tim"tthl aJ fraf1.5 it:rrc!)

(I )(: IO-4cm)~

1,

Cft

fnlrf -:;:::. C,4.$ y7lf(S-:: 0.110

/~-13Cm2~

'Dl1e! ~ (I,5')f./()crrfI;.XJiP,}o.!S):::0,51

X -:::

~/fXl.l

.....

a '

t -::

7J.O()s :; d.. ... Ohr

/ - m(? (t) ==

o,{) {':5

mflf

...:../:j!}_t - (;, ;).,:2.

1<2 -

a~2;),
r<..:t
l.to< '
)~
__,_. J ::: 0,:2,2, (o.!t ,;; ,(! fI'1 ;;;. b 9(}/J s
Q
----;.-(i----T~',4e
~. >(to (:11S - -

Sununation % Change
1.031E-Ol
.93.9 '
1. 678E+OO
1.678E+OO
0.0
5.8 i
1.781E+OO
1.?81E+OO _ _ _Q~O 1

m;4 ,;:: (), 10:3 t~!l2l

CA :;:::;. is'JS

It'il/emil

_=--~~7!":;~.~=_~_,!:,:,!":::'=::::--=:,:,".....

iTime, t (s)
ITime, t (h)
W A (gmo1e/sec)
W A (J.unol/h)
I

0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0

72
0.020
1.0lE-09
3.65E+OO

180
0.05
6.06E-10
2.18E+00

360
0.10
4.0lE-10
1.44E+OO

Series Term n = 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

9.78E-Ol
9.13E-01
8.15E-01
6.95E-01
5.66E-01
4.41E-01
3.28E-01
2. 33E-01
1.59E-01
1.03E-01
6.38E-02
3.78E-02
2. 14E-02
1.16E-02
6.00E-03
2.96E-03
1.40E-03
6.31E-04
2.72E-04
1.12E-04
7200
2.00
1.94E-11
6.99E-02

9.45E-01
7.97E-Ot
6.00E-01
4.03E-01
2.41E-01
1.29E-01
6. 17E-02
2.63E-02
1.00E-02
3.40E-03
1.03E-03
2.78E-04
6.72E-05
1.45E-05
2.79E-06
4.78E-07
7. 33E-08
1.00E-08
1.22E-09
1.33E-I0

8.93E-01
6.35E-01
3.59E-01
1.62E-01
5.83E-02
1.67E-02
3.81E-03
6.91E-04
1.00E-04
1.15E-05
1.06E-06
7.75E-08
4.52E-09
2.10E-10
7.76&12
2.29E-13
5.37E-15
I.00E-16
1.49E-18
1.77E-20

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Series Term n = 20
5400
1.50
3.45E-11
1.24E-01

1.82E-01
1.09E-03
2.16&07
1.41E-12
3.04E-19
2. 17E-27
5.09E-37
3.95E-48
1.01E-60
8.56&75
2.39E-90
2.20E-107
6.70E-126
6.72E-146
2.23E-167
2.44E-190
8.81E-215
1.05E-240
4.13E-268
5. 37E-297

720
0.20
2.56&10
9.22E-01

7.97E-01
4.03E-01
1.29E-01
2.63E-02
3.40E-03
2.78E-04
1.45E-05
4.78E-07
I.00E-08
1.33E-10
1.12E-12
6.01E-15
2.04E-17
4.40E-20
6.02E-23
5.23E-26
2.88E-29
1.01E-32
.' 2.23E-36
I. 3. 14E-40

1800
0.50
1.27E-1O
4.58E-01
5.66E-01
1.03E-01
6.00E-03
1.12E-04
6.73E-07
1.29E-09
7.99E-13
1.58E-16
1.00E-20
2.05E-25
1.34E-30
2.80E-36
1.88E-42
4.07E-49
2.81E-56
6.25E-64
4.45E-72
1.02E-80
7.45E-90
1.75E-99
_._------

3600
1.00
6.25E-11
2.25E-01
3.21E-01
1.06E-02
3.60E-05
1.26E-08
4.52E-13
1.67E-18
6.38E-25
2.50E-32
1.01E-40
4. 18E-50
1.79E-60
7.86&72
3.55E-84
1.65E-97
7.92&112
3.90E-127 '
1.98E-143
1.03E-160
5.55E-179
3.07E-198

:27.13
'
/ ' / ' l.
~ fal Y&lfeof Cd l11'e fa / ItJJI} rlUx. //JTO

1.03E-01
1.12E-04
1.29E-09
1.58E-16 '
2.05E-25
2.80E-36
4.07E-49
6.25E-64
1.02E-80
1.75E-99
3.19E-120,
6.17E-143:
1.26&167!
2.73E-194 I
6.27E-223 Ii
1.52E-253
3.92E-286 II
O.OOE+OO I
O.OOE+OO
O.OOE+OO

....;;..;.~---

5fh e Y';'cal jel 6e4d.f't>r ti4o==' () et ua /s

-418 n~rr ').-1:/1<. ~
,

t1ND

W!',{t,)';;; ('fiCAs ~e ~I e

::;er/ es 5"d/J1mof/CJI1 CP/CLl/t:1 //t'J/)S

(.if

r&

il ven

;'n above

f u1e V'

C() tr7

sf! relld.s /) eel:.

Ilr f~r :J. hV') va lu~s /;,y ~ are

ve r:l

/tJw,j

Ir)

fJ e / 6e~d

ella c:r/-/rJ l)ul'll);e.

C1)t1S

a bSt.'H,beJ Cd ..

SCif-wYa fed t,/.ul"

'*$ ==
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f1 i
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/.' :...

~o':- U{,egt.///

moles 1m..!
5'mm;;::' (}." 1)'C In J

:;',0

== ,) ~~:::

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tJ)tt .:: (/. dl aJf1et-v;/

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&/hlCh C2:SSl/l';r.;>S all r;oa>arls

CUll! be Ie.>,:;; IA:1!J pI" '1,,{I6</1,:;.
1% aJl// iJr !Je't1r .f/lf"7aC!~

/bINI-

cp :;: It I" s" =-

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7:.::: /'/~5(;1.)~

ft -:: : O,Scm

~,33 (J,xli'JIJ:z.{ =..

t.:::.

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'U'IJ"t ::;: a,6

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::;10 ({j,~t'fnJ- -= Z':;' )(10.5

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t-";;

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f/ /;' h~'r;;eled t!!l fi'ClPl ~ frr.<I

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r-dlr'~chtJ~1

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