Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
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AST Tanks
API Recommended Practice 575, Inspection of Atmospheric and LowPressure Storage Tanks, Third Edition, April 2014
API Recommended Practice 577 Welding Inspection and Metallurgy,
Second Edition, December 2013
API Standard 650, Welded Tanks for Oil Storage, Twelfth Edition, March
2013 with Addendum 1 (September 2014), Errata 1 (July 2013), and Errata
2 (December 2014).
API Recommended Practice 651, Cathodic Protection of Aboveground
Petroleum Storage Tanks, Fourth Edition, September 2014.
API Recommended Practice 652, Lining of Aboveground Petroleum
Storage Tank Bottoms, Fourth Edition, September 2014
API Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and
Reconstruction, Fifth Edition, November 2014.
http://independent.academia.edu/CharlieChong1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_Guevara
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_Guevara
API650
Welded Tanks for Oil Storage API STANDARD
650 TWELFTH EDITION, MARCH 2013
API650 Section 1
Scope
Q1. API 650 covers the design, materials, fabrication, erection, and testing of
aboveground steel storage tanks. What is the maximum internal pressure for
tanks not covered by appendix F of this standard?
a) Maximum pressure shall not exceed 15 psig
b) Maximum pressure shall not exceed 15 psia
c) Maximum pressure shall not exceed the weight of the roof plates
d) Maximum pressure shall not exceed the weight of the floor plates
ANS: c
Q2. API-650 applies only to tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported
and tanks in ___ that have a maximum operating temperature of _____F.
a) Any petrochemical service and temperature not exceeding 120F
b) Non-refrigerated service and temperature not exceeding 200F
c) Non-refrigerated service and temperature not exceeding 120F
d) Any petrochemical service and temperature not exceeding 200F
ANS: b
API650 Section 2
Materials
Q6. What is the maximum shell plate thickness permitted for a tank fabricated
of ASTM A 36 material?
a) This plate material is limited to 1.750 inches
b) This plate material is limited to 1.075 inches
c) This plate material is limited to 1.050 inches
d) This plate material is limited to 1.500 inches
ANS: d
Q7. What is the maximum shell plate thickness permitted for a tank fabricated
of ASTM A 285, Grade C material?
a) This plate material is limited to 1.000 inches
b) This plate material is limited to 1.250 inches
c) This plate material is limited to 1.500 inches
d) This plate material is limited to 1.750 inches
ANS: a
Q8. All welding to repair surface defects shall be done with ______.
a) Cellulose coated electrode
b) High nickel content electrode
c) Low-hydrogen electrode
d) Gas tungsten process
ANS: c
Q9. When conducting impact tests, how many specimens are required from a
single test coupon?
a) Impact tests shall be performed on a single specimen taken from a
single test coupon
b) Impact tests shall be performed on two specimens taken from a single
test coupon
c) Impact tests shall be performed on three specimens taken from a
single test coupon
d) Impact tests shall be performed on four specimens taken from a single
test coupon
ANS: c
Q10. In situations where it is not possible to obtain full size specimens, what
is the required width along the notch for subsize specimens?
a) 60% of the material thickness
b) 80% of the material thickness
c) 90% of the material thickness
d) 75% of the material thickness
ANS: b
Q11. Unless data is available to justify a different temperature, what must the
design metal temperature be for an aboveground storage tank to be installed
in Birmingham, Alabama? (0F)
a) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 25F
b) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 15F
c) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 20F
d) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 10F
ANS: b
Q12. Unless data is available to justify a different temperature, what must the
design metal temperature be for an aboveground storage tank to be installed
in Indianapolis, Indiana? (-15F)
a) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 5F
b) The design temperature shall be assumed to be -5F
c) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 0F
d) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 10F
ANS: c
Q13. What is the required average longitudinal impact value of three
specimens taken from a 1.375 inch thick A 516M-60(415) normalized Group
IIIA test coupon?
a) 30 foot-pounds
b) 20 foot-pounds
c) 15 foot-pounds
d) 13 foot-pounds
ANS: c
Q15. Longitudinal impact tests are performed on three specimens, taken from
a 1.5 inch thick A 516M-70(485) as rolled test coupon with the following
results:
Specimen #1 42 foot-pounds,
Specimen #2 18 foot-pounds,
Specimen # 3 31 foot-pounds.
Is the impact test acceptable?
a) Yes the average impact value exceeds 30 foot-pounds
b) Yes only one specimen is less than 2/3 the specified minimum value
c) No the average impact value of Specimen # 1 exceeds 2/3 the required
average impact value and one specimen is less than 2/3 the specified
minimum value
d) No Specimen #2 is less than 2/3 the specified minimum
ANS: d
API650 Section 3
Designs
Q3. For lap-welded joints that are tack welded, what is the minimum amount
of lap permitted?
a) The lap need not exceed 2 (double lapped)
b) The lap need not exceed 1 (single lapped)
c) The joint shall be lapped at least 5 times the minimum required
thickness of the thinner plate
d) The joint shall be lapped at least 5 times the nominal thickness of the
thinner plate
ANS: d
Q4. The welded joint pictured here is defined as what type of joint?
a) Double-V butt joint
b) Square-groove butt joint
c) Double-U butt joint
d) Double-square butt joint
ANS: a
Q5. Vertical shell joints may be partial penetration groove welds welded from
both sides.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q6. API 650 requires the vertical joints in adjacent shell courses to be offset.
What is the minimum required offset between the first course of an AST,
which is 1.25 thick and the second course which is 1 thick?
a) The minimum offset shall be 5 times the second shell course height
b) The minimum offset shall be 5 times the thickness of the second
course
c) The minimum offset shall be 5 times the first shell course height
d) The minimum offset shall be 5 times the thickness of the first shell
course
ANS: d
Q7. Three-plate laps in tank bottoms shall be at least ____ from each other,
from the tank shell, from butt-welded annular-plate joints, and from joints
between annular plates and the bottom.
a) 1.2 inches
b) 12 inches
c) 1.2 feet
d) 12 feet
ANS: b
Q8. What is the maximum size of fillet weld permitted in the attachment
between the lowest course shell plate and the bottom plate?
a) 3/8 inch
b) 5/16 inch
c) 1/2 inch
d) 1/4 inch
ANS: c
Q9. What is the minimum size fillet weld required on each side of the shell
plate attaching shell plate to the annular plate? The shell plate is 1.25 thick.
a) 3/8 inch
b) 3/16 inch
c) 1/4 inch
d) 5/16 inch
ANS: d
Q10. A 110 ft diameter tank shall have a top angle not less than ____ inches.
a) 2 X 2 X 3/8
b) 2 X 3 X 3/8
c) 3 X 3 X 3/8
d) 3 X 2 X 3/8
ANS: c
Q11. The ______ shall state the design metal temperature, the design
specific gravity, the corrosion allowance, and the design wind velocity.
a) The purchaser
b) The fabricator
c) The Inspector
d) Erector
ANS: a
Q12. According to API-650, tanks meeting the minimum requirements of the
standard may be subjected to a partial vacuum of _____.
a) One inch of mercury
b) One inch of water pressure
c) One pound per square inch absolute
d) One centimeter of water pressure
ANS: b
Q15. What is the minimum projection, of trimmed bottom plates, beyond the
outside edge of the weld attaching bottom to the shell?
a) Minimum projection is 0.01 inch
b) Minimum projection is 0.10 inch
c) Minimum projection is 1.00 inch (2)
d) Minimum projection is 10.0 inch
ANS: c
5.4.2 Bottom plates of sufficient size shall be ordered so that, when trimmed,
at least a 50 mm (2 in.) width will project outside the shell or meet
requirements given in 5.1.5.7 d whichever is greater.
Q16. Annular bottom plates shall have a radial width that provides at least
____ between the inside of the shell and any lap-welded joint in the
remainder of the bottom.
a) 12 inches
b) 24 inches
c) 1.2 inches
d) 2.4 inches
ANS: b
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q17. How far must annular bottom plates project outside the shell?
a) Annular bottom plates shall project at least 1 inch when trimmed
b) Annular bottom plates shall project at least 1/2 inch beyond the edge of
the weld
c) Annular bottom plates shall project at least 2 inches outside the shell
d) Annular bottom plates shall project at least 5t (t = thickness of the shell
course) outside the shell
ANS: c
Q18. The thickness of the first shell course of an aboveground storage tank is
1 5/8th inches. The hydrostatic test stress in the first shell course is 33,000
psi. What is the minimum permissible thickness of the annular bottom plates?
a) Minimum permitted thickness is 5/8th inch
b) Minimum permitted thickness is 9/16th inch
c) Minimum permitted thickness is 3/4 inch
d) Minimum permitted thickness is 11/16th inch
ANS: c
Q23. The fabricator of an AST obtains the approval of the purchaser to use
the alternative shell design permitted in Appendix A in the design of a 60 foot
diameter tank using 3/8th inch A 516M Grade 450(60) plate. What allowable
stress would be used in the design calculations?
a) 21,300
b) 24,000
c) 21,000
d) 32,000
ANS: c
Q24. What is the maximum diameter of tank that permits the 1-foot method of
calculation for required thickness?
a) Tanks 50 feet in diameter and less
b) Tanks 120 feet in diameter and less
c) Tanks 180 feet in diameter and less
d) Tanks 200 feet in diameter and less
ANS: d
Q27. When installing openings adjacent to each other, how much space must
there be between the welds around the periphery of the reinforcing plate?
a) Eight times the larger weld or ten inches from each other
b) Eight inches or six times the larger weld from each other
c) Eight times the larger weld or six inches from each other
d) Eight times the larger weld or eight inches from each other
ANS: c
Q28. A minimum distance of ____ shall be maintained between the toe of a
weld around a non-reinforced penetration and the toe of the shell-to-bottom
weld.
a) Ten inches
b) Eight inches
c) Six inches
d) Three inches
ANS: a
Q29. Subject to the acceptance of the purchaser, the manufacture may locate
a circular shell opening in a horizontal butt-welded shell joint provided ______.
a) Minimum spacing dimensions are met and a liquid penetrant
examination of the welded joint is conducted
b) Minimum spacing dimensions are met and a radiographic examination
of the welded joint is conducted
c) Minimum spacing dimensions are met and an ultrasonic examination of
the welded joint is conducted
d) Minimum spacing dimensions are met and a magnetic particle
examination of the welded joint is conducted
ANS: b
Q30. All flush-type clean-out fittings and flush-type shell connections shall be
thermally stress relieved after assembly and prior to installation in the tank.
What are the temperature range and time requirements for this stress relief
activity?
a) 1100F to 1200F for 1 hour per inch of reinforcing plate thickness
b) 1100F to 1200F for 1/2 hour per inch of shell thickness
c) 1100F to 1200F for 1 hour per inch of shell thickness
d) 1100F to 1200F for 1 & 1/2 hour per inch of shell thickness
ANS: c
Q31. Subject to the acceptance of the purchaser, the fabricator may stress
relieve at a temperature of 1000F when it is impractical to stress relieve at a
minimum temperature of 1100F providing _____.
a) The shell plate is first pre-heated to 300F
b) The holding time is increased to 2 hours per inch of thickness
c) The holding time is increased to 4 hours per inch of thickness
d) The holding time is increased to 10 hours per inch of thickness
ANS: c
Q32. What is the minimum required thickness for a manhole cover plate to be
used with a 24 inch manhole? The maximum design liquid level of the tank is
45 feet.
a) Minimum thickness of cover plate is 9/16th inch
b) Minimum thickness of cover plate is 5/8th inch
c) Minimum thickness of cover plate is 1/2 inch
d) Minimum thickness of cover plate is 11/16th inch
ANS: b
Q33. What is the bolt circle diameter for a cover plate used with a 30 inch
diameter manhole?
a) 32 inch
b) 36 inch
c) 38 inch
d) 42 inch
ANS: b
Q34. The purchaser has ordered a 36 inch manhole to be installed in the first
course of an AST. The thickness of the shell plate and the reinforcing plate is
1.375 inches. What is the required hole diameter that must be cut in the tank
to accommodate this manhole?
a) 36 & 1/4 inch
b) 36 & 1/2 inch
c) 36 & 3/4 inch
d) 36 & 5/8 inch
ANS: c
Q35. API 650 requires telltale holes in reinforcing plates. What is the required
dimension of this hole and what should be done with it after the initial re-pad
pressure test?
a) The hole shall be 3/8 inch diameter and shall be left open to the
atmosphere
b) The hole shall be 1/4 inch diameter and shall be left open to the
atmosphere
c) The hole shall be 3/8 inch diameter and shall be closed after testing
d) The hole shall be 1/4 inch diameter and shall be closed after testing
ANS: b
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q36. What is the maximum size un-reinforced opening permitted in flat cover
plates without increasing the thickness of the cover plate?
a) 4 inch pipe size providing the edge of the opening is not more than
the height or diameter of the opening closer to the center of the cover
plate
b) 3 inch pipe size providing the edge of the opening is not more than
the height or diameter of the opening closer to the center of the cover
plate
c) 2 inch pipe size providing the edge of the opening is not more than
the height or diameter of the opening closer to the center of the cover
plate
d) 1 & inch pipe size providing the edge of the opening is not more
than the height or diameter of the opening closer to the center of the
cover plate
ANS: c
Q37. What is the maximum size opening that may be placed in a cover plate?
a) 12 inches pipe size
b) 8 inches pipe size
c) 6 inches pipe size
d) 3 inches pipe size
ANS: a
Q38. An aboveground storage tank has a design liquid height of 40 feet. The
purchaser intends to install product mixing equipment in the cover plate of a
30 inch manhole. What is the required minimum thickness of the cover plate?
a) The minimum thickness shall be at least .625 inches
b) The minimum thickness shall be at least .75 inches
c) The minimum thickness shall be at least .9375 inches
d) The minimum thickness shall be at least .875 inches
ANS: c
Q40. What is the minimum thickness permitted for rectangular roof opening
cover plates?
a) Minimum thickness shall not be less than .875 inches
b) Minimum thickness shall not be less than .750 inches
c) Minimum thickness shall not be less than .625 inches
d) Minimum thickness shall not be less than .500 inches
ANS: D
5.8.6.2 The cover plate thickness and/or structural support shall be designed
to limit maximum fiber stresses in accordance with this standard, however,
cover plate thickness shall not be less than 5 mm (3/16 in.). In addition to
other expected design loads, consider a 112 kg (250 lb) person standing in
the center of the installed/closed cover. The designer shall consider wind in
the design of hinged openings and how removed covers will be handled
without damage (adequate rigidity).
Q41. Stiffening ring splice welds shall be located at least _____ from any
vertical shell weld.
a) 24 inches
b) 18 inches
c) 12 inches
d) 6 inches
ANS: d
Q42. When stiffening rings are to be used as walkways, what is the required
width of the stiffening ring?
a) The width shall be not less than 36 inches clear of the projecting curb
angle on the top of the tank shell
b) The width shall be not less than 3 feet 6 inches clear of the projecting
curb angle on the top of the tank shell
c) The width shall be not less than 24 inches clear of the projecting curb
angle on the top of the tank shell
d) The width shall be not less than 2 feet 4 inches clear of the projecting
curb angle on the top of the tank shell
ANS: d
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q43. How far below the top of the curb angle should a stiffening ring, that is to
be used as a walkway, be located?
a) 3 feet 6 inches
b) 36 inches
c) 6 feet 3 inches
d) 63 inches
ANS: a
Q44. All roofs and supporting structures shall be designed to support dead
loads plus a uniform live load of not less than _____ of projected area
a) 25 pounds per square inch
b) 25 pounds per square foot
c) 25 pounds per square yard
d) 25 pounds per square meter
ANS: b
Q45. What is the minimum nominal thickness permitted for roof plates?
a) 3/16 inch or 5.76 pounds per square foot
b) 3/16 inch or 6.75 pounds per square foot
c) 3/16 inch or 7.65 pounds per square foot
d) 3/16 inch or 12-gauge sheet (7-gauge?)
ANS: d
Q46. A roof where the continuous fillet weld between the roof plates and the
top angle does not exceed 3/16", the slope at the top angle attachment does
not exceed 2" in 12", and the shell-to-roof compression ring details are limited
to Figure F-2 (a)-(d) may be considered what type of roof?
a) A 1 in 6 roof
b) A dangerous roof design and should be avoided
c) A roof with inherent compensation
d) A frangible roof
ANS: d
API650: 5.10.2.2 Roof Plate Thickness: Roof plates shall have a nominal
thickness of not less than 5 mm (3/16 in.) or 7- gauge sheet. Increased
thickness may be required for supported cone roofs (see 5.10.4.4). Any
required corrosion allowance for the plates of self-supporting roofs shall be
added to the calculated thickness unless otherwise specified by the
Purchaser. Any corrosion allowance for the plates of supported roofs shall be
added to the greater of the calculated thickness or the minimum thickness or
[5 mm (3/16 in.) or 7-gauge sheet]. For frangible roof tanks, where a corrosion
allowance is specified, the design must have frangible characteristics in the
nominal (uncorroded) condition.
API650: C.3.3.2 Unless otherwise specified by the Purchaser, all deck plates
shall have a minimum nominal thickness of 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) (permissible
ordering basis37.4 kg/m2, 7.65 lbf/ft2 of plate, 0.180-in. plate, or 7-gauge
sheet).
Q47. Rafters shall be spaced so that in the outer ring, their centers are not
more than _____ apart measured along the circumference of the tank.
a) 3 feet or 9.42 feet
b) 2 feet or 6.28 feet
c) 4 feet or 12.56 feet
d) 2.5 feet or 7.85 feet
ANS: b
Roasted Duck
Roasted Duck
Roasted Duck
Stewed Duck
Stewed Duck
API650 Section 4
Fabrications
3/8
5/8
Q4. What are the requirements regarding mill test reports according to API650?
a) No material shall be used in the construction of an AST unless it is
accompanied by a mill test report
b) Mill test reports are required only on shell plate material
c) Mill test reports shall be furnished to the purchaser only when specified
in the original purchase order
d) Mill test reports shall be furnished to the purchaser prior to final
acceptance of the AST
ANS: c
Q5. Mill and shop inspection releases the manufacturer from responsibility for
replacing defective material.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
API650 Section 5
Erection
Q1. What welding process is not permitted when impact testing of the
material is required?
a) Shielded metal-arc
b) Gas metal-arc
c) Oxyfuel
d) Submerged arc
ANS: c
Q2. Welding may be performed manually, automatically, or semiautomatically according to the procedures described in ____ of the ASME
Code.
a) Section VIII, Division 1
b) B31.3
c) Section VIII, Division 2
d) Section IX
ANS: d
Q3. No welding of any kind shall be performed when the temperature of the
base metal is less than ____F
a) Sixty
b) Thirty-two
c) Zero
d) Negative fifteen
ANS: c
Q4. When base metal thickness is greater than 1.25 inches or the base metal
temperature is 0F -32F, what requirement must be met?
a) The base metal within 3 inches of the starting point of the welding shall
be heated to a temperature warm to the hand
b) The base metal within 3 inches of the starting point of the welding shall
be heated to a temperature of not less than 200F
c) The base metal within 3 inches of the starting point of the welding shall
be heated to a temperature of not less than 60F
d) The base metal within 3 inches of the starting point of the welding shall
be heated to a temperature of not less than 45F
ANS: a
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q5. What is the maximum acceptable undercut for horizontal butt joints?
a) 1/64th inch
b) 1/32nd inch
c) 3/64th inch
d) 3/32nd inch
ANS: b
Q6. What is the maximum acceptable undercut for vertical butt joints?
a) 3/32nd inch
b) 3/64th inch
c) 1/32nd inch
d) 1/64th inch
ANS: d
b) Maximum permissible undercut is 0.4 mm (1/64 in.) in depth for vertical
butt joints, vertically oriented permanent attachments, attachment welds for
nozzles, manholes, flush-type openings, and the inside shell-to-bottom welds.
For horizontal butt joints, horizontally oriented permanent attachments, and
annular-ring butt joints, the maximum permissible undercut is 0.8 mm (1/32 in.)
in depth.
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q7. What is the maximum permissible weld reinforcement for a vertical joint in
plate thickness 1.25?
a) 3/16th inch
b) 1/8th inch
c) 1/4th inch
d) 3/32nd inch
ANS: a
Q8. When tack welds are used during the assembly of vertical joints, what
requirement is stipulated by API-650?
a) Tack welds that are to be removed do not require a qualified procedure
or welder
b) Tack welds that are to be left in place shall be made using a qualified
procedure only
c) Tack welds that are to be removed may be made using a welder in
training
d) Tack welds that are to be left in place shall be made using a qualified
procedure and welder
ANS: d
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q9. What is the requirement when protective coatings are used on surfaces
to be welded?
a) The coating must be removed prior to welding
b) The coating shall be included in the welders performance qualification
tests
c) The coating shall be included in the welding procedure qualification
d) The coating shall be identified on the purchase order
ANS:c
Q10. The welding of the ____ shall be practically complete prior to weldingout the bottom joints.
a) Nozzle reinforcement periphery welds
b) Shell-to-bottom weld
c) All vertical and horizontal shell welds
d) All external attachment welds
ANS: b
Q13. Multi-pass weld procedures are required for circumferential and vertical
joints in tank shell courses constructed of material that is more than 1.5
inches thick. What is the maximum weld pass size permitted and what is the
minimum pre-heat temperature?
a) No weld pass over inch with a minimum pre-heat of 300F
b) No weld pass over inch with a minimum pre-heat of 200F
c) No weld pass over inch with a minimum pre-heat of 200F
d) No weld pass over inch with a minimum pre-heat of 300F
ANS: c
Q14. The initial weld pass inside the shell of the shell-to-bottom weld shall be
cleaned and examined for its entire circumference. This examination shall be
visually and by which of the following?
a) Magnetic particle or ultrasonic or suitable liquid penetrant process
b) Magnetic particle or suitable liquid penetrant process or a vacuum box
and bubble method
c) Magnetic particle or radiography or vacuum box and bubble method
d) Magnetic particle or acoustic emission or eddy current
ANS: b
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q15. The required examination of the initial weld pass as described in API650 may be waived subject to agreement between the purchaser and the
AST manufacturer provided all but which of the following examinations are
performed on the entire circumference of the weld(s)
a) Examine either side of the finished weld by MT, PT, or right angle
vacuum box
b) Visually examine the initial weld (inside and outside)
c) Visually examine the finished joint welded surfaces (inside and outside
the shell)
d) Examine either side of the finished weld by MT, PT, UT, or RT
ANS: a
Q16. What are the dimensions of a standard vacuum testing box?
a) 6 wide by 30 long
b) 6 wide by 24 long
c) 6 wide by 36 long
d) 6 wide by 32 long
ANS: a
API650: 7.2.4 Shell-to-Bottom Welds 7.2.4.1 The initial weld pass inside the
shell shall have all slag and non-metals removed from the surface of the weld
and then examined for its entire circumference both visually and by one of the
following methods to be agreed to by Purchaser and the Manufacturer. If
method a is applied, either inside or outside weld may be deposited first. If
method b, c, d, or e is applied, the inside weld shall be deposited first: -------7.2.4.3 By agreement between the Purchaser and the Manufacturer, the
examinations of 7.2.4.1 may be waived if the following examinations are
performed on the entire circumference of the weld(s). a) Visually examine the
initial weld pass (inside or outside). b) Visually examine the finished joint
welded surfaces, both inside and outside the shell. c) Examine either side of
the finished joint weld surfaces by magnetic particle, or liquid penetrant, or
right angle vacuum box.
Q21. The purchaser of an AST that is designed to be gas tight required the
roof to be tested pneumatically. What maximum pressure would be applied to
a tank with thick roof plates?
a) The maximum pneumatic pressure permitted is .053 psi
b) The maximum pneumatic pressure permitted is .071 psi
c) The maximum pneumatic pressure permitted is .083 psi
d) The maximum pneumatic pressure permitted is .091 psi
ANS:
Solution: 3/16 thick plate = 7.65 lb/ft 1/16 = 2.55 lb/ft
Q22. During the filling of an aboveground storage tank for testing, leakage
was observed in a horizontal seam. Repairs are to be completed with the test
water in the tank. The tank is 61 feet high and the leak is discovered 29 feet
below the top of the tank. Where must the water level be during the repair?
a) The water level shall be not less than 30 feet from the top of the tank
b) The water level shall be not more than 32 feet from the bottom of the
tank
c) The water level shall be at the maximum design liquid level
d) The water shall be removed from the tank ANS: d
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
API650: 7.4.4 Repairs of defects discovered after the tank has been filled
with water for testing shall be made with the water level at least 0.3 m (1 ft)
below any point being repaired or, if repairs have to be made on or near the
tank bottom, with the tank empty. Welding shall not be done on any tank
unless all connecting lines have been completely blinded. Repairs shall not
be attempted on a tank that is filled with oil or that has contained oil until the
tank has been emptied, cleaned, and gas freed. Repairs on a tank that has
contained oil shall not be attempted by the Manufacturer unless the manner
of repair has been approved in writing by the Purchaser and the repairs are
made in the presence of the Purchasers inspector.
61
30
water level
29
leak
Q25. Peaking at vertical welds and banding at horizontal welds shall not
exceed ____.
a) 1 inch
b) inch
c) inch
d) inch
ANS: c
Q26. Peaking and banding are determined using a horizontal sweep board for
peaking and a straight edge vertical sweep board for banding. What is the
required length of these sweep boards?
a) 48 inches
b) 24 inches
c) 42 inches
d) 36 inches
ANS: d
Q27. The top of the concrete ringwall (where installed) of an AST must be
level within 1/8 in any 30 feet of circumference. What is the total
circumferential tolerance measured from the average elevation?
a) 1/8 b) 3/16
c) 1/2 d) 1/4
ANS: d
Q28. Where a concrete ringwall is not provided, the foundation under the
shell shall be level to within what tolerances?
a) 1/8 in any 30 of the circumference and 1/2 in the total
circumference measured from the average elevation
b) 1/8 in any 10 of the circumference and 1/2 in the total
circumference measured from the average elevation
c) 1/8 in any 10 of the circumference and 1/4 in the total
circumference measured from the average elevation
d) 1/8 in any 30 of the circumference and 1/4 in the total
circumference measured from the average elevation
ANS: b
API650 Section 6
Method of Inspection Joints
Q3. Vertical butt welds in plates not greater than 3/8th inch thick, require one
spot radiograph to be taken in the first _____ of completed vertical joint of
each type and thickness by each welder or welding operator.
a) 100 feet
b) 50 feet
c) 25 feet
d) 10 feet
ANS: d
Q4. One additional spot radiograph shall be taken in each additional ____ of
vertical joint of the same type and thickness.
a) 10 feet
b) 200 feet
c) 100 feet
d) 25 feet
ANS: c
Q7. The radiographic film for all junctions of vertical and horizontal joints shall
show at least ____ of weld length on each side of the vertical intersection.
a) 3 inches
b) 2 inches
c) 1 inch
d) 4 inches
ANS: b
Q8. The butt weld around the periphery of an insert manhole or nozzle shall
be ____.
a) Completely examined by liquid penetrant methods
b) Completely examined by ultrasonic methods
c) Completely examined by magnetic particle methods
d) Completely examined by radiographic methods
ANS: d
Q9. After the initial spot radiograph in the first 10 feet of horizontal butt joint,
additional spot radiographs shall be taken at what increment?
a) One radiograph shall be taken in each additional 200 feet
b) One radiograph shall be taken in each additional 100 feet
c) One radiograph shall be taken in each additional 300 feet
d) One radiograph shall be taken in each additional 150 feet
ANS: a
Q10. What is the minimum weld length that must be clearly shown on each
radiograph?
a) 2 inches
b) 3 inches
c) 6 inches
d) 8 inches
ANS: c
API650 Section 7
Welding Procedure and Welder Qualifications
Q3. When impact tests of the heat-affected zone are required, how shall this
requirement be treated?
a) Heat treated condition of the base metal shall be a non-essential
variable
b) Heat treated condition of the base metal shall be an essential variable
c) Heat treated condition of the base metal shall be a supplementary
essential variable
d) Heat treated condition of the base metal does not need to be
addressed on the welding procedure specification
ANS: c
Q4. If a protective coating has been applied to weld edge preparations, how is
this condition treated on the welding procedure specification?
a) The coating shall be removed and does not affect the weld and
therefore does not need to be addressed
b) The coating shall be included as an essential variable
c) The coating shall be included as a non-essential variable
d) The coating shall be included as a supplementary essential variable
ANS: b
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
API650 Section 8
Marking
API650 Appendix A
Optional Design Basis for Small Tanks
Q3. When computing the tension in each ring (course) of a small tank
designed in accordance with Appendix A of API-650, where is this tension
computed?
a) The tension shall be computed 12 inches above the centerline of the
course in question
b) The tension shall be computed 12 inches above the centerline of the
lower horizontal joint of the course in question
c) The tension shall be computed 12 inches above the centerline of the
tank in question
d) The tension shall be computed 12 inches below the centerline of the
upper horizontal joint of the course in question
ANS: b
Q4. What joint efficiency factor shall be used in the design of small tanks
designed in accordance with Appendix A of API-650 when spot radiographic
examination is applied?
a) 1.00
b) 0.90
c) 0.85
d) 0.70
ANS: c
Q5. What joint efficiency factor shall be used in the design of small tanks
designed in accordance with Appendix A of API-650 when spot radiographic
examination is omitted?
a) 1.00
b) 0.90
c) 0.85
d) 0.70
ANS: d
Q1. If the owner does not specify an alternative grade slope, the finished tank
grade shall be crowned from its outer periphery to its center at a slope of
_____.
a) The slope shall be one inch in twelve feet
b) The slope shall be one inch in ten feet (1:120)
c) The slope shall be one inch in eight feet
d) The slope shall be one inch in six feet
ANS:
Q2. The owner decides that an earth foundation will be installed under a new
tank installation. According to API-650 Appendix B, there are specific items
that an earth foundation should accomplish. Of the following, which is not one
of those items?
a) Earth foundations should provide a stable plane for support of the tank
b) Earth foundations should limit settlement to values used in the design
of the connecting piping
c) Earth foundations should not settle excessively at the perimeter due to
the weight of the tank
d) Earth foundations should reinforced with steel reinforcing bar to
prevent sagging
ANS:
Q5. How far below the lowest adjacent finish grade must the bottom of the
ringwall, if founded on soil, be located?
a) The bottom of the ringwall shall be located 1 foot below grade
b) The bottom of the ringwall shall be located 1.5 feet below grade
c) The bottom of the ringwall shall be located 2.5 feet below grade
d) The bottom of the ringwall shall be located 2 feet below grade
ANS:
ringwall
12 in.?
2 feet
API650 Appendix C
External Floating Roofs
Q1. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, all deck plates shall have a
minimum nominal thickness of _____.
a) 1/4 inch
b) 1/8 inch
c) 3/16 inch (4.76mm)
d) 3/32 inch
ANS: c
Q2. What is the minimum slope required for the top decks of double-deck
roofs and of pontoon sections?
a) 3/16 inch in 12 inches (1:64)
b) 3/16 inch in 12 feet
c) 3/16 inch in 10 inches
d) 3/16 inch in 10 feet
ANS: a
Q3. Pontoon type floating roofs shall have sufficient buoyancy to remain
afloat on a liquid with a specific gravity of ____.
a) 1.0
b) .87
c) .85
d) .70
ANS: d
Q4. What is the minimum size of roof drain required for a pan-type floating
roof that is 110 feet in diameter.
a) NPS 4
b) NPS 3
c) NPS 2
d) NPS 2.5
ANS:
Q5. Floating roof support legs and attachments shall be designed to support
the roof and a uniform live load of at least _____ per square foot.
a) 100 pounds
b) 75 pounds
c) 50 pounds
d) 25 pounds
ANS:
Q6. Manholes are required in floating roofs for access to the tank interior and
for ventilation. What is the minimum nominal diameter of these manholes?
a) 24 inches
b) 20 inches
c) 18 inches
d) 15 inches
ANS:
Q7. If the sealing device between the outer periphery of the roof and the tank
shell employs steel shoes, what material shall these shoes be made of and
what is the minimum nominal thickness permitted?
a) The shoes shall be made from galvanized sheet ASTM A 924 with a
minimum thickness of 14 gauge
b) The shoes shall be made from galvanized sheet ASTM A 924 with a
minimum thickness of 16 gauge
c) The shoes shall be made from galvanized sheet ASTM A 924 with a
minimum thickness of 18 gauge
d) The shoes shall be made from galvanized sheet ASTM A 924 with a
minimum thickness of 20 gauge
ANS:
Q8. Drainpipe and hose systems of primary drains shall be tested with water
at a pressure of ___.
a) 0.5 psig
b) 5.0 psig
c) 50 psig
d) 50 ksig
ANS:
Q1. Aluminum dome roofs may be added to an existing tank. Who has the
responsibility for providing reinforcement to enable the tank to support the
roof?
a) The fabricator if other than the erector
b) The erector if other than the manufacturer
c) The manufacturer
d) The purchaser
ANS:
Q2. Aluminum dome roof shall be supported only from the rim of the tank.
The design of the connection shall allow for thermal expansion. What is the
minimum temperature range that must be used for the design?
a) 110F
b) 120F (67C)
c) 125F
d) 130F
ANS:
Q5. The maximum dome radius shall be ____ times the diameter of the tank.
The minimum dome radius shall be ___ times the diameter of the tank unless
other wise specified by the purchaser.
a) 1.2 and 0.9
b) 1.2 and 0.5
c) 1.2 and 0.7
d) 1.2 and 0.8
ANS:
Q1. Internal floating roofs may be designed and built to float and rest in a
reasonably flat position. A rim or skirt shall be provided around the roof
periphery and all columns, ladders, and other roof openings. How far must
this rim extend above the liquid?
a) 3 inches
b) 6 inches
c) 9 inches
d) 12 inches
ANS:
Q2. Internal floating roofs shall be designed to safely support at least _____.
a) 500 pounds over 1 square foot
b) 500 pounds over 1 square inch
c) 500 pounds over 1 square yard
d) 500 pounds over 1 square meter
ANS:
Q5. Which of the following is not permitted as a design for internal floating
roofs in contact with the liquid?
a) Double deck
b) Pontoon
c) Metallic Pan
d) Metallic on floats
ANS:
Q6. Metallic internal roofs on floats shall be designed to be buoyant enough
to support how much weight?
a) Twice its dead weight
b) Twice the weight of two men
c) 500 pounds per square foot
d) Three times its dead weight
ANS:
Q9. How many and what size manholes must be provided in a fixed roof for
access to the tank interior?
a) At least two with a nominal diameter of 24 inches each
b) At least three with a nominal diameter of 24 inches each
c) At least one with a nominal diameter of 24 inches
d) At least four with a nominal diameter of 24 inches each
ANS:
Q10. When specified by the purchaser, inspection hatches shall be located
on the fixed roof to permit visual inspection of the seal region. What is the
maximum spacing between these hatches?
a) 32 feet
b) 50 feet
c) 75 feet
d) 100 feet
ANS:
API650
Remaining Appendixes
Remaining Appendixes
Appendix D Technical Inquiries
This appendix provides guidance for requesting interpretations of API
Standard 650. The inquiry format is specific must be followed. Basically
inquiries shall be formulated in such a way that they can be answered yes or
no.
Appendix E Seismic Design of Storage Tanks
According the Body of Knowledge, question pertaining to this Appendix will
be excluded on the API-653 examination.
Appendix F Design of Tanks for Small Internal Pressures
According the Body of Knowledge, question pertaining to this Appendix will
be excluded on the API-653 examination.
API RP 651
Cathodic Protection of Aboveground
Petroleum Storage Tanks
API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 651
FOURTH EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2014
Q3. Which of the following is the most correct statement regarding the
cathode?
a) Moderate corrosion takes place at the cathode
b) No corrosion takes place at the cathode
c) All corrosion takes place at the cathode
d) A chemical reaction takes place using electrons released at the
electrolyte
ANS: b
Q4. The electrolyte contains ions and conducts positive current from the
anode to the cathode. The most common electrolyte for external tank bottom
surfaces is _______, while the most common for internal surfaces is
_________.
a) Water, sludge and moist soil
b) Moist soil, water and sludge
c) Acidic soil, water and sludge
d) Moist soil, product and sludge
ANS: b
Q5. The two most common types of corrosion to tank bottoms are ______
and ______.
a) Stress corrosion and galvanic
b) Erosion and erosion/corrosion
c) General and pitting
d) Stray current and bimetallic
ANS: c
Q6. Which type of corrosion results in relatively uniform metal loss?
a) Erosion and erosion/corrosion
b) Stray current
c) General
d) Pitting
ANS: c
Q7. Which type of corrosion may only affect relatively small areas, while
substantial areas of the surface are unaffected by corrosion?
a) Galvanic
b) General
c) Brittle
d) Pitting
ANS: d
Q8. Composition of the metal is a factor in determining which areas become
anodes and which become cathodes. What else can cause corrosion?
a) Differences between weld metal, heat affected zone, and parent metal
b) Differences in thickness between adjacent plates
c) Improper fit-up of the welded joint
d) Slag inclusion in the weld metal
ANS: a
Q15. All but one of the following is listed as major factors which influence the
severity of internal corrosion. Which is not a factor?
a) The pH level of the fluid in contact with the steel bottom
b) The amount of nitrogen in the fluid in contact with the steel bottom
c) Suspended solids in the fluid in contact with the steel bottom
d) Conductivity of the fluid in contact with the steel bottom
ANS: b
Q16. Three major types of internal corrosion to be considered are general
corrosion, pitting corrosion, and to a lesser extent in tanks, environmental
cracking.
a) True
b) False
ANS: a
Q1. API Recommended Practice 651 states that the need for cathodic
protection must be determined for all storage facilities. Decisions governing
the need for cathodic protection should be based on all but which of the
following?
a) Data from corrosion surveys and operating records
b) National Board and ASME recommendations
c) Prior test results with similar systems in similar environments
d) National, state, and local code requirements and the recommendations
in API-651
ANS: b
Q2. When should corrosion control by cathodic protection for new ASTs be
provided?
a) After final welding and before hydrostatic testing
b) After all stress relief has been carried out
c) In the initial design
d) After the tank is in service for 6 months
ANS: c
Q3. Generally tanks in petroleum service use ______ on the internal surfaces
to control internal corrosion.
a) AC Current instead of DC current cathodic protection systems
b) Coatings
c) Cathodic protection in conjunction with coatings
d) Since pure hydrocarbon fluids are usually not corrosive experience
shows that internal corrosion will never occur therefore, corrosion control
is not necessary
ANS: b
Q4. Cathodic protection is an effective means of corrosion control only if it is
possible to pass electrical current between what two components?
a) Anode and cathode
b) Tank shell and roof support system
c) Roof to bottom through roof support structures
d) Tank shell and tank bottom
ANS: a
Q7. Of the following items which is not an item that should be investigated
and determined in the evaluation of types of service?
a) Type of product stored
b) Product temperature
c) Ambient temperature
d) Presence and depth of water bottoms
ANS: c
Q8. Such items as tank inspections per API Standard 653, corrosion rate
records, stray current problems, design and performance of previous
protection systems, and structure-to-soil potential surveys should be
investigated and determined when conducting the ______.
a) Evaluation of tank repair/alteration/construction history
b) Evaluation of tank design/construction history
c) Evaluation of types of service
d) Evaluation of inspection/corrosion history
ANS: d
Q9. The cushion material under the tank has a significant effect on external
corrosion of the tank bottom. The material can also influence:
a) The effectiveness and applicability of external cathodic protection
b) The effectiveness and applicability of internal cathodic protection
c) The decision to use or not use a rectifier or DC generator set to supply
current
d) The type of product that may be stored in the tank
ANS: a
Q10. What is an advantage of using fine particles for the cushion material?
a) The fine particles should be uniform which makes it easier to transport
b) Fine particles provide a more dense cushion to help reduce the influx
and outflow of oxygen
c) Fine particles will not permit the passage of product should a leak
occur in the tank bottom
d) Fine particles will hold moisture longer permitting it to stabilize and
prevent acid from forming in the electrolyte
ANS: b
Q11. What is the main disadvantage in using large size particles in the soil
cushion material?
a) The large particles may puncture the tank bottom
b) The large particles may trap moisture and allow general corrosion to
form
c) If large particles are used, differential aeration corrosion may result
where the particles contact the tank bottom
d) The large particles are more difficult to transport
ANS: c
Q12. A soil resistivity of about 1250 OHM-CM would indicate the soil is
probably ____.
a) Mildly corrosive 2000-10000
b) Very corrosive <500
c) Corrosive 500-1000
d) Moderately corrosive 1000-2000
ANS: d
Q15. Cracks through the concrete cushion may permit water and
contaminants to permeate to the steel tank bottom and provide a path for
proper electrical current flow.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q16. Corrosion of the steel tank bottom installed on a concrete cushion may
result from moisture accumulation caused by all but which of the following?
a) Condensation
b) Blowing snow or rain
c) Humidity in the air surrounding the tank
d) Flooding
ANS: c
Q19. A soil analysis reveals the pH of a native soil cushion to be 6.25. This
soil is considered to be:
a) Moderately corrosive
b) Mildly corrosive
c) Corrosive
d) Very corrosive
ANS: b
Q20. A soil analysis reveals the sulfates level of a native soil cushion to be
5525ppm. This soil is considered to be
a) Moderately corrosive
b) Mildly corrosive
c) Corrosive
d) Very corrosive
ANS: d
i) Sulfate levels > 200 ppm frequently indicate high concentrations of organic
matter. Sulfate content may be determined in accordance with ASTM
D516 or equivalent. There iscurrently no industry consensus on an
acceptable range for sulfate levels, therefore the tank owner/operator
should specify the acceptable sulfate level. There are practical and
possible economic limitations in achieving minimum levels of sulfate
content.
ii) Sulfide levels > 0.10 ppm, may indicate that sulfates have been reduced
by bacteria. Sulfide content may be determined in accordance with EPA
0376.1 or equivalent. There is currently no industry consensus on an
acceptable range for sulfide levels, therefore the tank owner/operator
should specify the acceptable sulfide level. There are practical and
possible economic limitations in achieving minimum levels of sulfide
content.
Q21. What is the most common material used as a cushion beneath storage
tank bottoms?
a) Clean concrete
b) Clean sand
c) Clean Asphalt
d) Clean modified aggregate
ANS: b
Q22. The use of oiled sand beneath tank bottoms does not eliminate the need
for cathodic protection and in fact may cause cathodic protection to be less
effective because:
a) The oiled sand has higher resistivity
b) The sand is unable to conduct electrical current
c) The oil acts as an insulator and blocks all current flow
d) The oil creates a vapor bearer entrapping water and contaminants next
to the tank bottom
ANS: c
Q23. There are several ways the tank cushion can become contaminated.
Three of the following are methods of cushion contamination, which one is
not?
a) In coastal areas salt spay may be washed down the side of the tank
b) Fertilizer from spraying operations in rural areas
c) Airborne chemicals from industrial operations
d) Residual build-up of electrons in the sand cushion
ANS: d
Q24. Leakage of product from the tank bottom can cause accelerated
corrosion by creating ____.
a) Stray current corrosion
b) Corrosion cells where none existed before
c) More positively charged electrons
d) A film that would block electrical current flow
ANS: d
Q29. During the installation of a new steel bottom over an existing steel
bottom, which has been repaired, if water or other electrolyte intrudes into the
annulus, what can happen?
a) A galvanic cell may form which will cause the new steel tank bottom to
corrode at an accelerated rate
b) An electrochemical reaction may take place creating hazardous
gasses
c) A galvanic cell may form which will cause the old tank bottom to
corrode at an accelerated rate
d) A galvanic cell may form which will turn the old tank bottom into an
anode
ANS: a
Q30. With the installation of _____ in a diked area prior to new tank
construction, most cathodic protection systems are rendered ineffective.
a) A secondary containment system utilizing a perforated impervious
membrane
b) A secondary containment system utilizing an impervious membrane
c) A secondary containment system utilizing a metallic impregnated
screen membrane
d) A secondary containment system utilizing a non-impervious membrane
ANS: b
Q1. What is the basic principle that makes cathodic protection effective.
a) Cathodic protection is a technique for preventing corrosion by making
the entire surface of the metal to be protected act as the rectifier
b) Cathodic protection is a technique for preventing corrosion by making
the entire surface of the metal to be protected act as the corrosion cell
c) Cathodic protection is a technique for preventing corrosion by making
the entire surface of the metal to be protected act as the cathode
d) Cathodic protection is a technique for preventing corrosion by making
the entire surface of the metal to be protected act as the anode
ANS: c
Q2. What are the two systems of cathodic protection?
a) Galvanic and repressed current
b) Galvanic and impressed current
c) Galvanic and reversed current
d) Galvanic and induced current
ANS: b
Q3. Galvanic cathodic protection systems use a metal, that is more active
than the structure to be protected, to supply the current required to stop
corrosion. What is another term(s) used to describe this material?
a) Anode, commonly referred to as a galvanic or sacrificial anode
b) Cathode, commonly referred to as a galvanic or sacrificial cathode
c) Ribbon cathode, commonly referred to as a sacrificial ribbon cathode
d) Impressed current anode, commonly referred to as the impressed
anode
ANS: a
Q4. Where on the galvanic series is clean and shiny mild steel?
a) Clean and shiny mild steel has a value of 1.1 volts
b) Clean and shiny mild steel has a value of 1.0 volts
c) Clean and shiny mild steel has a value of 0.8 volts
d) Clean and shiny mild steel has a value of 0.5 to -0.8 volts
ANS: d
Q5. The most common metals used as galvanic anodes in soil are:
a) Lead and copper
b) Aluminum alloy (5% zinc) and Mild steel (clean and shiny)
c) Magnesium and zinc
d) Mild steel in concrete and cast iron
ANS: c
Q6. Of the following, which is not an advantage of galvanic cathodic
protection systems?
a) No external power is needed
b) Capital investment is low for small-diameter tanks
c) Method is limited to use in low-resistivity soils
d) Interference problems (stray currents) are rare
ANS: c
Q9. A cathodic protection rectifier has two major components; what are they?
a) A step-down transformer to reduce the AC supply voltage and
rectifying elements to convert DC to AC output
b) A step-down transformer to reduce the AC supply voltage and
rectifying elements to convert AC to DC output
c) A step-down transformer to reduce the DC supply voltage and
rectifying elements to convert DC to AC output
d) A step-down transformer to reduce the AC supply voltage and
rectifying elements to regulate the AC output
ANS: b
Q10. Impressed current anodes used in soil are not made of:
a) Graphite
b) High silicon cast iron
c) Zinc
d) Mixed metal oxides on titanium
ANS: c
Q4. It has been decided to install a new tank bottom in a tank with cathodic
protection. What would be the result of leaving the old bottom in place and not
properly prepared?
a) The old bottom forms a shield that collects the cathodic current
(cations) flowing through the ground and prevents cathodic protection of
the new tank bottom
b) The old bottom forms a shield that collects the anodic current flowing
through the ground and prevents cathodic protection of the new tank
bottom
c) The old bottom forms a shield that collects the galvanic current flowing
through the ground and prevents cathodic protection of the new tank
bottom
d) The old bottom forms a shield that collects the stray current flowing
through the ground and prevents cathodic protection of the new tank
bottom
ANS: a
current flow
Q8. When an external cathodic protection system is being designed, there are
several items to be considered. Of the following four items, which one would
not be a consideration?
a) Selection and design of the cathodic protection system for optimum
economy of installation, maintenance, and operation
b) Specification of materials and installation practices that meet
applicable codes, such as National Electrical Manufacturers Association
standards, NACE recommended practices, and federal, state, and local
regulations
c) Provisions for monitoring the cathodic protection system
d) Specification of materials and installation practices that meet
applicable codes, such as American Society of Mechanical Engineers
standards, NACE recommended practices, and federal, state, and local
regulations
ANS: d
Q13. What are the advantages of using a special backfill with anodes for
installation in soil environments?
a) Reduces the possibility of contaminating the environment and
promotes anode efficiency
b) Promotes anode efficiency, lengthens the life of the anode, dissipates
stray currents
c) Promotes anode efficiency, lengthens anode life, and keeps anode
environment moist
d) Promotes anode efficiency, keeps anode environment moist, and
prevents total deterioration of the anode
ANS: c
Q15. In placing the anodes, how is better current distribution and more
uniform polarization obtained?
a) By distributing anodes uniformly around the tank or under the
membrane for new construction
b) By distributing anodes uniformly around the diked area or under the
tank for new construction
c) By distributing the cathodes uniformly around the tank or under the
tank for new construction
d) By distributing the anodes uniformly around the tank or under the tank
for new construction
ANS: d
Q16. How are impressed current anodes installed?
a) These anodes are installed either fully coated or in special backfill
material
b) These anodes are installed either bare or in special backfill material
c) These anodes are installed either directly on the tank bottom or in
special backfill material
d) These anodes are installed either bare or in special liquid filled
cylinders
ANS: b
Q19. Of the following, which is not the best material for impressed current
anodes used in water installations
a) Titanium
b) Tantalum
c) Copper
d) Platinized niobium
ANS: c
Q20. In an impressed current cathodic protection system, proper groundbed
design should do which of the following?
a) Avoid physical interference with existing facilities, provide uniform
current distribution, and avoid stray current interference with off-site
structures
b) Provide for direct connection with existing facilities, provide uniform
current distribution, and avoid stray current interference with off-site
structures
c) Avoid physical interference with existing facilities, provide random
current distribution, and avoid stray current interference with off-site
structures
d) Avoid physical interference with existing facilities, provide uniform
current distribution, and intercept stray current interference with off-site
Q22. The current required for cathodic protection should be calculated using
the results of current requirement tests. In lieu of this test, what is the
generally accepted protective current density?
a) Between 0.5 and +0.5 milliamps per square foot at ambient conditions
b) Between 0.01 and 0.1 milliamps per square foot at ambient conditions
c) Between 0.1 and 0.2 milliamps per square foot at ambient conditions
d) Between 1 and 2 milliamps per square foot at ambient conditions
ANS: d
Q23. The current requirement test can only be performed on existing tanks
using a temporary groundbed and an appropriate source of direct current.
Depending on the current required, the power source can vary by how much?
a) From a 24 volt storage battery to a 300-amp welding unit
b) From a 12 volt storage battery to a 300-amp welding unit
c) From a 6 volt storage battery to a 300-amp welding unit
d) From a 1.2 volt solar panel to a 300-amp welding unit
ANS:
Q24. During the current requirement test, how is maximum contact of the tank
bottom with the cushion material ensured?
a) The tank is filled to an adequate liquid level to ensure maximum
bottom contact
b) The tank is pressurized with an inert gas to ensure maximum bottom
contact
c) The tank is completely filled and subjected to a hydrostatic pressure
d) The tank is emptied and concrete weights are installed and the tank
filled to half design liquid level
ANS: a
Q25. The voltage necessary to drive the required amount of current depends
largely on what two factors?
a) The type of power source available and the resistivity of the soil
b) The number and location of anodes and the resistivity of the soil
c) The number and location of cathodes and the resistivity of the soil
d) The number and location of the anodes and the resistivity of the
special backfill
ANS: b
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q28. Condition and type of coating (if any), minimum and maximum water
level in tank, compatibility of stored liquid with anodes and cables, and
internal inspection interval of tank which affects design life are all factors that:
a) Influence the design of an external cathodic protection system
b) Influence the design of a depressed current cathodic protection system
c) Influence the design of an internal cathodic protection system
d) Influence the design of the rectifier used in a cathodic protection
system
ANS: c
Q11. Monitoring the actual structure-to-soil potential under the tank should be
considered. How can this be accomplished?
a) Permanently installed reference electrode or by burying reference
electrode every 20 feet around the perimeter of the tank
b) Inserting a reference electrode under the tank through a perforated
tube or attaching a reference electrode to the tank shell
c) Permanently installed reference electrode or by inserting a reference
electrode under the tank through a perforated tube
d) Permanently installed bare copper wire connected to the tank bottom
or by inserting a reference electrode under the tank through a perforated
tube
ANS: c
Q12. Other standard reference electrodes may be substituted for the
saturated copper/copper sulfate reference electrode. Which of the following is
not a common substitute?
a) Reference electrode Zinc, Voltage +0.25
b) Reference electrode Saturated KCI calomel Voltage -0.78
c) Reference electrode Silver/silver chloride Voltage -0.80
d) Reference electrode Aluminum alloy (5% zinc) Voltage +0.08
ANS: d
Q3. How may galvanic anodes, used to protect the internal surfaces of tank
bottoms, be installed?
a) Bolted or welded to the tank bottom
b) Laid on the tank bottom at specific intervals around the perimeter and
in the center
c) Held in place with a special adhesive or welded
d) Held in place by epoxy coating that will adhere to the tank bottom
ANS: b
Q4. When installing galvanic anodes, care must be taken during the
backfilling operation to
a) Ensure the limestone or clamshell backfill is not disturbed
b) Prevent damage to the lead wires and connections
c) Ensure the proper impervious membrane has been installed under the
anode
d) Prevent damage to the AC/DC rectifier
ANS: b
Q9. For a typical vertical anode installation, the hole is excavated _8-12___
inches in diameter by approximately _10-20_____ feet deep.
a) Six to ten, five to ten
b) Eight to twelve, ten to twenty
c) Twelve to eighteen, twelve to twenty-four
d) Eighteen to twenty-four, eighteen to thirty
ANS: b
Q10. When it is necessary to install an impressed current anode in the
horizontal position, a layer of crushed coke breeze is laid in the trench and
the anode is laid on top of the coke breeze. Compacted native soil is then
filled in on top of the anode.
a) True
b) False
ANS:
Q15. What is the preferred means of connecting the negative rectifier lead
wire to the structure to be protected?
a) A powder weld connection (Cadweld, Thermite, or equivalent)
b) Brazed
c) Soldered
d) Any arc welding process
ANS: a
Q16. All positive cable connections and wire splices should be waterproofed
and covered with electrical insulating material. What should be done if
mechanical connections are used?
a) Mechanical connections should be buried to protect them from
vandalism
b) Mechanical connections should not be buried
c) Mechanical connections should be buried to protect them from
accidental damage
d) Mechanical connections should not be used for rectifier installation
ANS: d
Mechanical
connections should
not be buried
Mechanical
connections should
not be buried
Mechanical
connections should
not be buried
Q17. Underground splices of the positive lead wire to the groundbed should
be ______.
a) Braided and soldered
b) Made up with mechanical splices
c) Avoided
d) Close to the surface for ease of maintenance
ANS: c
Q18. One of the problems with monitoring cathodic protection systems on the
tank bottom is the inability to place a portable reference electrode in close
proximity to the underside. How can this situation be remedied during new
construction of a tank?
a) Permanently installed reference electrodes and lead wires to the roof
support structure where provided
b) Installing polyvinyl chloride or fiber reinforced plastic pipe for use in
profiling the tank-to-soil potential from the perimeter to the center
c) Installing polyvinyl chloride or terracotta pipe for use in profiling the
tank-to-soil potential from the perimeter to the center
d) Installing perforated polyvinyl chloride or fiber reinforced plastic pipe
for use in profiling the tank-to-soil potential from the perimeter to the
center
ANS: d
Q19. For existing tanks, not scheduled for bottom repair or replacement, how
can installation of permanent reference electrodes be accomplished?
a) Air lance or mechanical procedures
b) Water jetting or mechanical procedures
c) Steam blast or mechanical procedures
d) Controlled explosives or mechanical procedures
ANS: b
Q20. Why is it a good practice to install permanent test leads, grounding lugs,
or short pieces of cable for measuring tank-to-soil potential?
a) Repeated contact with the tank by a knife or ice pick will eventually
puncture the tank
b) Repeated contact with the tank by a knife or ice pick can cause short
circuiting of the cathodic protection system
c) Repeated contact with the tank by a knife or ice pick can cause early
failure of the tank's paint system.
d) Repeated contact with the tank by a knife or ice pick can cause stress
risers due to cutting the tank surface
ANS: c
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Section 10
Interference Currents
Q3. With regard to "fluctuating current", which of the following is not a normal
source for this type of stray current?
a) Underground mining electrical systems
b) Electric railways
c) Rapid transit systems
d) AC to DC rectifiers
ANS: d
Q4. During a corrosion control survey, the inspector noticed a positive shift of
the structure-to-soil potential on the affected structure at a point where current
may be discharged from the affected structure. What would this indicate?
a) Interference from the cathodic protection system rectifier (own)
b) Interference from a nearby lighting circuit
c) Interference from a neighboring source
d) Interference from a galvanic anode system
ANS: a
Q5. Interference currents have been detected. How could this problem be
resolved?
a) Design, proper bonding, and use of sacrificial anodes
b) Design, relocation of the tank, use of sacrificial anodes
c) Design, proper bonding, removal of cathodic protection system
d) Design, proper bonding, different choice of coating on the structure
ANS: a
Stray Current
Q6. Tank bottoms shall be examined for evidence of corrosion at least once
each year by conducting an internal inspection and taking coupon cutouts.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q7. Records to demonstrate the need for corrosion control measures should
be retained for
a) 5 years
b) 10 years
c) 15 years
d) As long as the facility remains in service
ANS: d
Section 4
Corrosion Mechanisms
Q3. Concentration cell corrosion will most likely result in which of the
following conditions?
a) Pitting and possibly significant localized metal loss
b) Pitting and possibly uniform metal loss over a large area
c) Pitting and possibly the loss of external cathodic protection
d) Pitting and possibly grooving of the outer perimeter of the tank bottom
ANS: a
Q4. Pitting caused by concentration cell corrosion of a bare steel tank bottom
may be as high as
a) 20 mils per year
b) 40 mils per year
c) 60 mils per year
d) 80 mils per year (2.032mm)
ANS: a
Q5. What is another name for the thin layer of oxide found on the surface of
hot-rolled carbon steel, typically used for the construction of petroleum
storage tanks?
a) Patina
b) Iron oxide
c) Mill scale
d) Rust
ANS: c
Q6. With regard to galvanic cell corrosion, what adverse affect could the large
differences in the microstructure of steel bottom plates caused by welding
have?
a) They can provide a built in area of localized cracking
b) They can provide a built in stress concentration
c) They can provide a built in break in the external cathodic protection
d) They can provide a built in galvanic couple
ANS: d
Q9. Iron sulfide corrosion is _____ to the base steel and may promote pitting
by a galvanic corrosion mechanism.
a) An anode
b) Ionic
c) Cationic
d) Cathodic
ANS: d
Q10. Erosion-corrosion may occur in wastewater treating or mixing tanks
where ___ is present
a) Sulfate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic condition
b) Soil or small abrasive aggregate
c) Sulfuric acid or ballast water
d) An anode or cathode
ANS: b
Q1. Aboveground storage tank bottoms are usually fabricated from ____ inch
thick carbon steel plate.
a) 1
b) 3/4
c) 1/2
d) 1/4
ANS: a
Q2. Annular floor plates of storage tanks are frequently ____ to ___ inch thick.
a) 1/4 to 1/2
b) 1/2 to 3/4
c) 3/4 to 1
d) 1 to 1-1/4
ANS: a
Q3, The need for an internal tank bottom lining in an aboveground storage
tank is generally based upon several considerations. Which of the following
would not be a consideration in determining the need for tank bottom lining?
a) Tank design
b) Environmental considerations
c) Method of external cathodic protection employed
d) Federal, state, and local regulations
ANS: c
Q4. Internal tank bottom lining may be necessary if the minimum thickness is
less than:
a) 0.010 inch
b) 0.100 inch
c) 1.000 inch
d) 0.1875 inch
ANS: b
Q7. In old tanks, which of the following may complicate the problem of poor
coverage?
a) The diameter of the tank
b) The thickness of the tank bottom
c) Uneven settlement of the tank bottom
d) Chemical contaminants
ANS: c
Q8. A properly applied internal bottom lining provides leak prevention by
_______.
a) Creating a cathodic protection barrier on the internal surface
b) Enhancing the effectiveness of the external cathodic protection system
c) Limiting internal corrosion of the steel tank bottom
d) Limiting internal corrosion of the support columns and landing pads
ANS: c
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Q11. A lining that has provided adequate protection in one product may not
provide the same level of protection for another product.
a) True
b) False
ANS: a
Section 6
Tank Bottom Lining Selection
Q9. Special consideration must be given to what area of the tank bottom with
regard to thick-film lining?
a) The center because this is the area that will be subjected to the most
stress
b) The critical zone
c) Any butt weld joints in the tank bottom
d) The coving at the transition from the tank bottom to the shell
ANS: d
Q10. What are two disadvantages of thick-film linings?
a) They are more expensive than thin-film linings and require more time
to apply
b) They are available in only one color and require more time to apply
c) They are more expensive and require a curative
d) They are more expensive and require high temperature airflow for curing
ANS: d
Q11. Storage tank bottom linings generally cover the entire tank bottom and
extend ________ up the shell of the tank.
a) 12 to 18 inches
b) 18 to 24 inches
c) 24 to 30 inches
d) 30 to 36 inches
ANS: a
Q12. For thin-film lining systems, application of ______ coats is often required
to achieve the desired film thickness
a) 7 to 8
b) 5 to 6
c) 1 to 4
d) 2 to 3
ANS: d
Q13. For thick-film lining systems, ______ coats may be required to obtain
the thickness of the desired lining.
a) 5 to 8
b) 2 to 3
c) 1 to 4
d) 3 to 7
ANS: b
Q14. When only internal corrosion is taking place, regardless of the age of the
tank, ______ thick linings may be used.
a) 80 to 120 mil
b) 55 to 80 mil
c) 35 to 55 mil (0.9~1.3mm)
d) 10 to 35 mil
ANS: d
Q15. What type and thickness of lining can be used for older tank bottoms
that have corroded both internally and externally?
a) Glass reinforced - 80 to 120 mil (2-3mm)
b) Glass reinforced - 55 to 80 mil
c) Glass reinforced - 35 to 55 mil
d) Glass reinforced - 10 to 35 mil
ANS: b
Q16. Besides the corrosion history and the potential for corrosion, what two
exceptional circumstances must be taken into account during the selection o
a tank bottom lining?
a) Specific gravity of the product and elevated temperature
b) Product purity and fill/empty cycles
c) Elevated temperatures and product purity
d) Elevated temperatures and product viscosity
ANS: c
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Section 7
Surface Preparation
Q3. To facilitate inspection and to ensure good adhesion of the lining, surface
preparation should extend _______ beyond the area to be lined.
a) Several inches
b) Several feet
c) Not less than 6 inches
d) Not less than 12 inches
ANS: a
Q4. What is the preferred technique for the repair of perforations of the tank
bottom?
a) Thread the perforation and install a suitable pipe plug
b) Install an entirely new tank bottom over the old bottom
c) Fill the perforation with amber acrylic
d) Welding of steel patches
ANS: d
Q5. Abrasive blasting should not be performed if the temperature of the steel
surface is less than _____ above the dew point or if the humidity is greater
than ______ percent.
a) 10F - 80
b) 5F - 80 (2.7C)
c) 15F - 80
d) 25F - 80
ANS: b
Q6. The anchor pattern typically required for linings is ____ and generally
increases with the thickness of the lining.
a) 3.5 to 6 mils
b) 2.5 to 5 mils
c) 1.5 to 4 mils
d) 0.5 to 3 mils
ANS: c
Q7. What is the problem with having small mounts of contaminants such as
dirt, clay, water-soluble salts, or oil in the abrasive used for storage tank
bottom cleaning?
a) This contamination in small amounts will not affect the quality and
service life of the lining
b) This contamination in small amounts will cause ripples in the lining
surface
c) This contamination in small amounts will cause the abrasive material to
stick together and clog the cleaning equipment
d) This contamination in small amounts will reduce the useful life of the
lining
ANS: d
Section 8
Lining Application
Q1. For thick-film linings, the manufacturer may specify that the prime coat be
applied at a film thickness less than that of the anchor pattern. Why is it
important to follow these requirements?
a) Failure to follow these requirements could result in the nullification of
the lining warranty
b) Failure to follow these requirements could result in the lining cracking
at the first filling of the tank
c) Failure to follow these requirements could result in disbonding or
delamination of the lining
d) Failure to follow these requirements could result in pitting of the lining
surface
ANS: c
Q2. What should be done if there are differences between the owner's
specifications and the lining manufacturer's recommendations?
a) These differences should be resolved prior to beginning the job
b) These differences should be resolved at each step to see which is
more advantageous
c) Disregard the manufacturer's recommendations
d) Disregard the owner's specifications
ANS: a
Q3. As a general rule, the temperature of the steel surface should be ____
and the humidity should be _______ during the application and curing of the
lining.
a) 25F above the dew point - below 80%
b) 5F above the dew point - below 80%
c) 5F below the dew point - above 80%
d) 5F above the dew point - above 80%
ANS: b
Q4. What is a common cause of failure of thick-film lining systems?
a) Abrasive blasting to a white metal finish
b) Abrasive blasting to a near white metal finish
c) Primer coating at a thickness less than the anchor pattern
d) Excess primer thickness
ANS: d
Q5. What two factors are the major causes of premature lining failure?
a) Forced curing and improper application
b) Improper application and inadequate curing
c) Abrasive blasting to white metal finish and inadequate curing
d) Abrasive blasting to white metal finish and improper application
ANS: b
Section 9
Inspection
Q1. To ensure the lining meets the specification, it should be inspected during
___ and ___.
a) Application and at the next scheduled internal inspection; not to
exceed 20 years
b) Application and at the next scheduled internal inspection; not to
exceed 10 years
c) Application and at the next scheduled internal inspection; not to exceed
5 years
d) Application and upon completion of the work
ANS: d
Q2. All lining inspectors should demonstrate a thorough knowledge of lining
and coating practices or be _____ certified.
a) National Board
b) API-510
c) NACE
d) API-653
ANS: c
Q3. Before deciding how to repair a lining, the cause and extent must be
established. In addition, what three possible failure modes must be
considered as possible causes of lining failure?
a) Environmental, mechanical, cathodic protection
b) Mechanical, improper installation, environmental
c) Improper installation, wrong inspection technique, environmental
d) Mechanical, environmental, placement of galvanic anodes
ANS:
Q4. Of the following, which is not one of the three basic types of lining repair?
a) Top-coating of an existing lining
b) Complete relining
c) Spot repairs
d) Installing metallic plugs in lining breaks
ANS: d
Q5. Who should be consulted to access the compatibility of new coats with
existing lining in the top-coating repair method?
a) The API-653 Inspector
b) The owner or operator
c) The lining manufacturer
d) NACE RP-01-84
ANS: c
Section 11
Safety
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Section 1
General
Q1. An operation that can produce a spark or flame hot enough to ignite
flammable vapors is the definition, used by API 2207, for _____.
a) Flame work
b) Hot work
c) Flash work
d) Burning work
ANS: b
Q2. Tanks that have contained flammable or combustible liquids must be
inspected and proven safe for hot work. These inspections include gas testing
to determine an oxygen content of between ____ and _____ is present.
a) 19.5 and 22.5 ppm
b) 19.5 and 22.5 ppb
c) 19.5 and 22.5 percent
d) 19.5 and 22.5 ml per cubic foot
ANS: c
Section 3
Precautions
Q1. During the entry and hot work activity, a/an ______ should be in
operation.
a) Electrical light stationed at the tank entrance
b) Electrical air mover
c) Cathodic protection system
d) Gasoline powered air mover
ANS: b
Q2. Tank surfaces that have been in contact with leaded gasoline should be:
a) Scraped down to bare metal
b) Thoroughly flushed with potable water
c) Steam cleaned
d) Air lanced and cleaned with a solvent
ANS: a
Q5. Compressed gas cylinders used for cutting operations should be kept:
a) Inside the tank to prevent tampering
b) Outside the tank next to the opening
c) Outside the tank at a safe distance from open manholes
d) Inside the tank as long as there is at least 20 feet separating the
cylinder from the hot work area
ANS: c
Q1. In preparation for performing hot work on a tank bottom, the repair
organization places small openings in the tank bottom. Why would these
openings be cut into the tank bottom?
a) These openings facilitate inspection and complete draining of the tank
b) These openings facilitate inspection and freeing the interior from gas
c) These openings facilitate installation of jigs for alignment
d) These openings facilitate inspection and testing the soil under the tank
ANS: b
Q1. Minor welded repairs, if the tank bottom is not in good shape, may be
made using which of the following procedures?
a) Drill and tap a hole for pipe, connect a supply of inert gas to the tap,
establish a flow of inert gas before starting the hot work, ensure oxygen
content of atmosphere of 19.5 to 22.5 percent, plug the hole and back
weld.
b) Drill and tap a hole for 1/4 pipe, connect a supply of inert gas to the
tap, establish a flow of inert gas before starting the hot work, ensure
oxygen content of atmosphere of 19.5 to 22.5 percent, plug the hole and
back weld.
c) Drill and tap a hole for pipe, connect a supply of inert gas to the tap,
establish a flow of inert gas immediately after starting the hot work,
ensure oxygen content of atmosphere of 19.5 to 22.5 percent, plug the
hole and back weld.
d) Drill and tap a hole for pipe, connect a supply of inert gas to the tap,
establish a flow of inert gas before starting the hot work, ensure oxygen
content of atmosphere of 16.5 to 29.5 percent, plug the hole and back
weld.
ANS: a
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q2. Major repairs involving most of the tank bottom can be accomplished by
constructing a dike around the tanks outer shell and flooding beneath the
tank bottom with:
a) Solution of soap and water
b) Solution of soda ash and water
c) Light diesel oil
d) Water
ANS: d
Q3. When it is necessary to perform welded repairs around the perimeter of a
tank, excavation for a minimum of ____ beyond the point of any hot work area
should be made.
a) Twelve feet
b) Twelve inches
c) Six feet
d) Six inches
ANS: b
Q4. When a tank double bottom is constructed, how much sand or other
sealing material should be placed over the existing floor.
a) Approximately 12 inches
b) Approximately 8 inches
c) Approximately 6 inches
d) Approximately 4 inches
ANS:
API RP 575
Inspection Practices for Atmospheric
and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
Third Edition, April 2014
Q3. What is the minimum overlap for ultrasonic thickness readings according
to the ASME?
a) 10 percent based on the thickness of the part being examined
b) 10 percent based on the diameter of the transducer
c) 10 percent based on the thickness of the calibration block
d) 10 percent based on the diameter of the transducer cable
ANS: b
Q4. What ultrasonic method can be used to assist in the discrimination
between inclusions in the metal and laminations?
a) A scan
b) B scan
c) Straight beam
d) Shear wave
ANS: a
Q5. The primary advantage of magnetic floor testing using a floor scanner is
the ability to detect topside pitting and underside corrosion. Additional
inspection is required to quantify flaws detected above certain thresholds.
Generally, what method of examination is used for this purpose?
a) Liquid penetrant
b) Eddy current
c) Ultrasonic
d) Radiography
ANS: c
Section 4
Types of Storage Tanks
Q1. API-575 states that atmospheric storage tanks are used for fluids having
a true vapor pressure at the storage temperature that is _____.
a) equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure
b) at least 2.5 psi above atmospheric
c) at least 2.5 pounds per square foot above atmospheric
d) substantially below atmospheric
ANS: a
Q2. What type of tank does API-575 consider the simplest type of
atmospheric storage tank?
a) Cone-roof
b) Dome-roof
c) Umbrella-roof
d) Pan-type floating roof
ANS: a
3.3
atmospheric pressure
When referring to (vertical) tanks, the term atmospheric pressure usually
means tanks designed to API 650, although API 620 uses the term
atmospheric pressure to describe tanks designed to withstand an internal
pressure not exceeding the weight of the roof plates. API 650 also provides
for rules to design tanks for higher internal pressure up to 2.5 lbf/in.2 (18
kPa). API 653 uses the generic meaning for atmospheric pressure to describe
tanks designed to withstand an internal pressure up to, but not exceeding 2.5
lbf/in.2 (18 kPa) gauge.
4 Types of Storage Tanks 4.1 General Storage tanks are used to store
fluids such as crude oil, intermediate and refined products, gas, chemicals,
waste products, water, and water/product mixtures. Important factors such as
the volatility of the stored fluid and the desired storage pressure and
temperature result in tanks being built of various types, sizes, and materials of
construction. In this document, only atmospheric and low-pressure storage
tanks are considered. Guidelines for inspection of pressure vessels operating
at pressures greater than 15 lbf/in2 (103 kPa) gauge are covered in API 572.
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q3. The floating roof atmospheric storage tank is designed to do which of the
following?
a) Allow the tank to filled completely to the top rim and provide selfventing
b) Prevent personnel for falling into the tank and keep birds out of the
storage area
c) Eliminate or minimize the vapor space above the stored liquid
d) Create or maximize the vapor space above the stored liquid
ANS: c
Q4. The pan-type floating roof is the simplest type of floating roof design.
Which of the following is the most correct?
a) This design is susceptible to collapse
b) This design is susceptible to sinking
c) This design is more susceptible to corrosion
d) This design is not suited for hydrocarbon storage tanks
ANS: b
Q5. Storage tanks that are designed to operate at pressures, in their gas or
vapor spaces, exceeding 2.5 psi but not more than 15 psi are described as
which of the following?
a) Atmospheric storage tanks
b) High-pressure storage tanks
c) Intermediate pressure storage tanks
d) Low-pressure storage tanks
ANS: d
Q5. Atmospheric corrosion can occur on all external parts of a tank. During
your inspection, you notice considerable damage to the protective coating
and accelerated corrosion rates. What would you suspect the cause to be?
a) Hydrogen and oxygen rich atmosphere
b) Nitrogen and oxygen rich atmosphere
c) Sulfurous or acidic atmosphere
d) Carbon dioxide and nitrogen rich atmosphere
ANS: c
Q6. Internal corrosion in the vapor space above the liquid of crude oil and
petroleum product tanks is commonly caused by _________.
a) Hydrogen sulfide vapor, water vapor, caustic vapors or any
combination of the three
b) Hydrogen sulfide vapor, nitrogen vapors, oxygen or any combination of
the three
c) Hydrogen sulfide vapor, water vapor, oxygen or any combination of the
three
d) Hydrogen sulfide vapor, water vapor, nitrogen or any combination of
the three
ANS: c
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q7. Of the following, which is not a point where cracks are most likely to
occur?
a) Around nozzle connections
b) Around rivet holes
c) Bottom-to-shell connections
d) In the roof rafters
ANS: d
Q8. Why is inspection for cracking of the lower-shell-to-sketch-plate weld
critical?
a) This area is more susceptible to cracking because it is subjected to
internal and external atmosphere
b) This area is critical because in relatively large or hot tanks, it has more
potential for cracking
c) This area is critical because in relatively large or hot tanks, it has more
potential for corrosion
d) This area is critical because in relatively small or cold tanks, it has
more potential for cracking
ANS: b
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Q1. Some of the first items to inspect when conducting an internal inspection
of a storage tank should be which of the following?
a) The tank bottom and the annular ring plate if one is installed
b) The water draw-off pipe and product drain
c) The base of all roof support structures
d) Overhead parts and all supports
ANS: d
Q2. Where should the recommended inspection of overhead parts and
supports be conducted from?
a) A bosuns chair suspended through the roof vent after the tank has
been gas freed
b) The entry point or other observations points before entering the tank
c) From the very center of the tank bottom with a powerful sealed beam
portable light
d) From ladders or scaffolding
ANS: b
When conducting a tank roof inspection on a floating roof, The roof should be
in the high-gauge position if volatile liquid is in the tank
When conducting a tank roof inspection on a floating roof, The roof should be
in the high-gauge position if volatile liquid is in the tank
Q23. Where would you expect to find significant internal corrosion in a tank in
sour refinery fluid service?
a) On the surfaces of the bottom plates
b) In vapor space above the stored liquid
c) Adjacent to the product drain nozzle
d) Adjacent to the manway entrance nozzle
ANS: b
Q24. Caustic stress corrosion cracking (caustic embritlement) is prevalent
when the temperature rises above ____F.
a) 100
b) 125
c) 150 (65C)
d) 175
ANS: d
Q25. When the statistical methods are used to assess the probable condition
of a tank bottom, what is the typical amount of the floor that should be
randomly scanned?
a) 30 to 50 percent
b) 20 to 30 percent
c) 10 to 20 percent
d) 5 to 10 percent
ANS:
Q26. Tanks with a bottom angle between the shell and the bottom should be
checked for cracks in the shell adjacent to any welded butt joints in this angle.
What method of examination should be used?
a) Ultrasonic or radiography
b) Liquid penetrant or magnetic particle
c) Eddy current or acoustic emission
d) Light diesel oil or vacuum box
ANS: b
statistical methods are used to assess the probable condition of a tank bottom,
what is the typical amount of the floor that should be randomly scanned? d) 5
to 10 percent
Q27. To test for leaks through shell plates, sometimes a penetrating oil can
be sprayed or brushed on one side and the other side observed for leakage.
What period of time might be required to conduct this type of test?
a) 48 hours
b) 36 hours
c) 24 hours
d) 72 hours
ANS: c
Cover the inside surface with a soap solution and inject air at not more than 3
inches of water pressure under the tank
soap solution
air
air
air
air
air
Pump about 6 inches of water into the tank and then place air at not more
than 9 inches of water pressure under the tank
water
air
air
air
6 inches
air
air
Pump water under the tank to depth of about 6 inches above the level of the
highest point of the tank bottom and holding the water with the clay dam
water
6 inches
Q29. Atmospheric tanks that are designed for not more than 0.5 psig over the
static pressure of the liquid contained in the tank are normally tested:
a) By filling the tank with the liquid to be stored
b) By filling the tank with an inert gas
c) By filling the tank with water
d) By filling the tank with a soap solution
ANS: c
Q30. What should be the deciding factor(s) in determining the need for tank
repair or renewal?
a) Structural integrity and leak avoidance
b) Economics
c) Age of the tank
d) Product stored in the tank
ANS: a
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
>|
Good Luck!