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d
Horizontal tangent
line
indicate
derivative/
[cos x ]
dx
differentiation
d Equation of
Definition of the
derivative
[ tan x ] tangent line at
dx x=a
d d
[sec x ] Definition of
continuity at x = a
[sin x ]
dx dx
d d
[cot x ] [csc x ] Vertical asymptote
at x = a
dx dx
Slope equation of
tangent line; rate;
- sin x velocity; Where f ′( x ) = 0
increasing/
decreasing
f ( x + h) − f ( x )
y − f ( a ) = f ′(a )( x − a ) 2
sec x f ′( x ) = lim
h→ 0 h
a) unbounded behavior
(vertical asymptote)
Concavity;
Point of inflection; y = lim f ( x ) b) behavior that differs
x →±∞
from left and right (gap)
Acceleration
c) oscillation
lim f ( x ) exists
x →a