ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS Alternating-Current Circuits Ath edition RUSSELL M, KERCHNER Profeasot and Head of ' Evectreat Engineering Department 1 Kane Bate Univeraty ! GEORGE F, CORCORAN ! Prefer end Chcirmen of I Buea Engineering Dipartment 1 iy of Marsand JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC, NEW YORKANSWERS TO PROBLEMS in Alternating Current Circuits Kerchner and Corcoran Fourth Edition CHAPTER 1 1. (a) 2v and £ eg (b) 54, - 24, = 20 24, - 44, 240 ed O+1=1a 1h = 24, — 34° B, ~2i, - Mt, ~ 51, =, = 3h, - 54, + 14d, © B, 3. (a) b= 6m, 24,023,003 () 44 - 1 - 1G ee, 1h, +i, ~ 34,50 li, = Si + 54, = 0 (©) 4/e, =21/87a (4) i, -1, = 8/67 a 4. @) 54, +24, +14, #8 24, + 8i,-34 =0 Li, ~ 34, + 84, =0 (b) 1344/67 = 20.06 w (co) 4, - 4, =-8/670 5. (a) b= Bm =8,n 24,04 (b) #4» 18 constrained to equal ic ic 18 constrained to equal ix (c) 69 ohms* Fig. 2 8. (a) 0.80 12. (a) v, = 20/7 = 2.860 () 0.54 (b) v, = 1450/1 = 2074 v 9. (a) 64,34 -2i, =e 13. (a) 0 = Bn, = 3,n 22,024 ~ 34, +64, -24,=0 ) 24, - 24, +6140 (b) 4 = 90 ohms? x z¢ zd Wining HOP EDEE OI ~1i, + 84,-14,=0 14-14, + 88-0 (b) 4 = 360 ohms? 14. 11. (@) zero 15. (b) 21 ohms* 16. y= 6.0% Uy = 0,40, =~ 7.887 + 6.0TL = — 1.786 0 V1. oy = 8.5/1.4 = 6.071 0 Up = 0,40, = 11/14 85/4 2.5/4 = —1.766 v20. "me 21. v4 = 24, = 18AL.S = 1,565 0 é i CHAPTER 2 1. (a) 30 eps (©) rpm,, = 500, rpm = 600 XPM = 1000, rpMyp = 1200 “2, 20 poles 3. Weck = 10F = B1.416 mech, rad/sec acc 7 100r = 314.16 elec. rad/sec 4. 4 = 1.782 sin(10"s 60%) a 5. i =10 sin 314 amperes, Angular velocity 314 radians per second. 8. 4 = 10 cos $77 amperes. J= 60 cycles, LA 4 = 10 cos 314f amperes. 4 = 10 sin (wf ~ 150°), ¢ = 10 sin (wt — 30°) amperes. 8. (a) 100 volts (b) 25 cycles, (c) 100 volts, 25 cycles, d 10.-(a) 5 amperes. (>) 8 amperes. 9, £52,780 volts per second. 0 volts per second. 11, 12.74 ampere: 12, Voltage leads current by 30°, 18, Voltage lags current by 60°, 14, 1 = 10cos (ut * 60°), 15. (a) zero signal (o) f, = 4/0 16. (a) 77.94, ~ 63.63 amperes, (b) 0.00916 second. 17. (a) 300 cycles, 600 eye! (b) 1.6 amperes, 0.6 ampere. 18. (a) 4 = 5 cos 314 amperes. (bo) f= 50 cycles (©) 375 + 375 cos 628¢ watts, (@ 100 cycles. 19. (a) 100 sin (110¢ + 30°) volts, (b) 17.5 cycles. (©) 250-250 cos (2204 + 60°) watts, (@) 35 cycle 20. (a) 10 cos (wt + 60°) amperes. (b) 500 + 500 cos (2uf + 120°) watts, (c) 1000 watts. (@ 0. (©) 500 watts, 21. (@) 3770 amperes per second. (0) 877 volts, 22. ‘ Z = 15/00° ohms, L = 0.0398 henry. 23. (a) 10 sin (377¢ — 60°) ampere: (b) — 500 sin (754¢ + 60°) watts, @o, (@) 0.00695 ‘cond, (e) 1.327 joules,25, 26. a. (b) 1.076 joules. (c) 300 cos 300¢ volts, Z = 40/-90° ohms, pure capacitance of 159.3 uf. (@) 20 sin (377t + 90°) amperes. (b) 1000 sin 7542 watts. (©) 2.6525 joules, 0 joules. (2) 12.7/88.2° ohms, (b) 150 sin 157f volts, (c) 11.8 sin (157¢ — 38,2°) amperes, (d) 695 ~ 695 cos 314¢ — 548 win S14t watts. P,, = 695 watts, (e) 548 vars, (@) 12.7/98.2° ohms, (b) 150 sin (157 + 30° volts, (o) 11.8 sin (15% ~ 8.2°) amperes. (@) 695 — 820 cos 314t + $28 ain 314¢ watts. 27. (a) 53.1 millihenrys, . (a) 2.545 cos (377t ~ 28.65°) amperes, (b) 111.8 + 111.8 cos 7548 + 61 sin 754¢ watts, (c) 111.8 + 111.8 cos 754¢ watts. P= 111.8 watts. (@ 61 ein 754t watts. 0. (©) 18.85 ohms. (a) 180.3 cos (157 + 33.7°) volts. (b) 750 + 780 cos 314t ~ 600 sin 314t watts. - (a) 332 ohms, (©) 33.2 ohms, (a) 18 cos 3141.6¢ volts. (©) Z = 170,5/-27.8° ohms. (©) 0.0879 cos (3141.6 + 27.8°) amperes, (@) 0.584 + 0.584 cos 62831~0.308 sin 628% watts. (b) 53.04 millihenrys. Sar, gece se vy = 180 sin (220f - 26.3°) volts. 35. { = 10 sin (220 + 90°) amperes. 36. 0.0398 wf. 31. (a) 100 sin 157 volts.) 190 sin (157¢ ~58.2% volts. (W) 187 cos 187 volts. _—_(e) 19/-58,2° ohms. (c) -318.5 cos 157 volts. 38, Proof, answer given. 39. Constant = $ 40. (a) 85.6/-69.5° ohms, (®) 1.17 sin (187 + 69.59 amperes. (c) 20.48 - 20:48 cos SLA + 54.75 win S14¢ watts. (@ 20.48 watts. {e) 54.75 vars. (® 234 sin (157 + 69.5°) volts. (g) 18.7 -18.7 cos (S14t + 199°) watts. 41. R= 40 ohms, X, = $0 ohms, CHAPTER 3 Answers to Problems 1-7 given in text. 8 Mo. 10 amperes. 9, 21.3 amperes TL, (a) de 20.5, ac 28.35. (0) 25.35 10. (a) 20.5 amper (b) 25.35 amperes. 12, (a) 6425 joules; 15% yrum calories. (b) 3212.5 waits. 13. (a) 888.3 cycles. 17, 1.8.amp. “@) 1 asapere. 18, 1.155 (©) 1.781 amperes. 19, 82.46 volts. 14, 6.93 amperes. 20, 1.163. 15. 5.77 amperes. A, 18.18 volts, 16. 0.816 22, 1.38. . ear 9 waneomso929. 4840 watts, 2613 ‘vars, 0.475, 5800 volt-amperes. 30. 1760 watts, 1320 vars, 0.6, 2200 volt-amperes. 31. 4330 watts, 5000 volt-amperes, 0.866. 32. 1026 watts, 3140 vars, 3300 volt-amperes. 374 amperes, 5860 watts, 8228 volt-amperes, 4, 492 amperes, 0.87 leading. 35. 2500 watts, 4330 vars, 0.5. 36. 1000 volt-amperes, 0.8, 0.6. 37. 10 amperes, 800 watts. 38, 19,67 amperes, . P, = 1920, P, = 600, P, = 1320 watts. 39. (a) 1, = 4.69, J, = 3.62, 1 = 3.92 amperes. Both 924 watts, tb) Vector diagram, (© Vy, = 70.301,2° volts. @ V,,= 0.3/7 40. (a) 1, = 8.09, ly = 4.11, I = 7.94 amperes. Both 692 watts. (b) Vector diagram, (©) V,, = 90.3/106° volts. {@) Vie = 90.3/-74° volts. 41, 4.74 amperes, 391 watts. 42, 9.18 amperes, 749 watts, others. 24. (a) Lela, 25. 1.975. @) 1.0. 26. 1.22551 (o) 2.732, 27. fy= 98.85 sin (ut + 29.5%), (@ 1.732. 27.46 amperes, 28, iy = 78.1 sin (wt + 108,58%), 55.2 amperes. - 28." e= E, sin at +7 £, sin 81 and an infinite number of 43. (a) Vector diagram, (bv) 86.6 volts, 150° behind E, , (©) 50 volts, 120° ahead of E, ,. (@ 193.2 volts. (@) Vector diagram CHAPTER 4 Answers to Problems 1-15 given in text, 16. (a) 3+ 54 = $/53,14°, (@) 189°. (0) ~42 +26 = 49.40148.3", (e) -1.6 -40.2 = 1.61-172.87° (c) 16 + f188 = 188.9/85.14°, : ee 11. 6.4/-38.65* ohm: 18. (a) 100/-20° = 86.6 ~ 350. (e) 100/60* = 50 - j86. (©) 100/-45°= 70.7 - 70.7. (9 100/120° = -50 + 86.6. (©) 1002-120° = ~50 - 386.8. (@) 100/210° = -26.6 -)s0. (4 100/-180° = ~100 + jo. 19. (a) 10/36,9°. (o) 14.14 35°. (0) 49.35.99.1°, 20. (a) 10/70°= 3.42 + 49.4. 21, (a) 10/-60°. (0) 10/-150° = ~8.6 — 45. () 30/30", 22. (a) 5.12/(07.02" = 4.9 + j1.5 or 4.51 (93.7° = -0.205 + 4.5. (b) 10/5° = 9.96 + 0.872 or 10/-175° = -9.96 =j0.872, (©) 200/39° = 173.2 + j100, (d) 50/-48° = 35.35 -935,35. (©) 14.16/15.04° = 13.67 + j = 13.67 43.67, 23. 8/1°, SA2aT*, 5/247°, 24. (a) 500/-11* or 500/169", (b) 0.02 /79° or 0.02 /-101°. 28, 15.17/-35.97°. © () a72A135° —3.33 -}3.33 amperes. (©) 7.454.26.6° - 6.67 — 43.33 amperes. (&) 100/125°, (©) 100 /-140°, (® 100-120". 17 OF 14.16/195.04° =30 . a= 0, 8 = ¥0.358 radian, (b) a= 76.6 or a B= 90° or B= 150°. (c) 6 = 114.3° or 6 = 24.3 Jx/2 or 1.61 + jx = 2.63, 6 = ¥n radians, 31. 160.3.65,6". Re~51.6 ork = 23.3 33. (@) Data for graph as follows: 420.005. A/A5°. $0.01. — A(B0°. 120.015. AA35°, t=0.02. AAg0*. 20.08. — 4/360° similar to above except all angles are negative, (0) A circle in polar coordinates. A cosine'wave in rectangular coordinates. (©) AA) + AAEM = Acos wt. 34, (a) 200 watts, (b) 100 watts. (¢) 700 watts. 35. (a) 900 vars, ~700 vars, ~650 vars. 36. 200 + j900, 100 ~ j700, 700 ~ #650. 37, Ty 10.62/99.04° amperes, av 402.5 watts, ~138.5 vars 38. a= 3.911 nepers, # = ~114.6°, a = 33.97 decibels, 3%. a =0,8=0. 40. ForR=0: %=2x/99°. Rex: Be2xae Rew: B= 2x/-90°, CHAPTER 5 Answers to Problems 1-16 given in text. 17. 1 = 5(-36.9° amperes. Vas = 182/43.7°, Voc = 98.5/-102.9°, Vy = 15/-36,9° volt? pf. = 0.8, 19. 20. 21, 912 watts, 8.62/-15.8° amperes, pf. = 0.962 lag. 22, R= 39.37 ohms, X, = 78.74 ohms, [= 1.13 amperes, R = 0.635 ohms, X, = 1.27 ohms, / = 8.87 amperes, 23. (a) 17.7/78.67° = 3.487 + j17.435. (t) Vector diagram. (©) 0.652 2. 221 uf. 25. (a) 26.45 uf, 2004 volts. (b) 13.26 uf, 141.4 volts. 26. R= Bohms and X, or X, = 6 ohms. 21. (a) 5050 cycles, 4950 cycles, (©) 25 cycles. 28. (a) 159,000 cycles. ©) 100. (©) 1005 x 10° or 995 x 10° radians per second. ( 100.01 miltinenrys. 29. (a) 31.25 ohms. (0) 61.6 ohms. (©) Zi00 cyeies = 30 OhMS, 240,090 cycies™ 30 Ohms, 30. Proof, M1. 6.42/24.5° ohms, 0.91. 2. I, = 10.86/92", I, = 13.13/-66.8°, I, = 15.6/-24.5° amper 33. 106.2 ut. HA. 46.45 uf for lagging p.f., 166 uf for leading p.t. 35. 42.8 ohm: 36.780 ut. 38, 4.25 kva. 37. 6.67 kva. 39. 74.25 amperes, 0.875 lead, ry‘ohm (v) $32,000. 442. 796 ke. 43. C= 111 pf or 2540 pf. P = 334.5 watts or 7670 watts. 44,0 86.2 ut. 45, Anything over 12.5 ohms. 48. Proof. 47. (¢) 16 oF 4.0 ohms, (@) Ang = 2-1046 amperes, for Xi = 22.8 ohms, 48. f=0 ¥ =0.05 mho. Z = 20 ohms. J = 10,000 ¥ = 0.1352 mho, —_Z = 7.39 ohm: J = 100,000 ¥= 1.250 mhos, Z = 0.794 ohm. = 1,000,000 Y= 12.57 mhos, — Z = 0.0796 ohm, 49. (@) 50.3 cycles. (b) 15.82 ohms. (ec) 0.04 henry. 50. (a) £ = 0.0001, b: = 0.001, be = 0.001 mho. (b) 20 volts. (©) 10. (@) Answer given in text. 51. (@) 3.61 /-56,3° ohms. 18. 52. (@) w= ¥ * Le —, radians per second. 2? (b) 4.987 107 radians per second, (oy Fg" 8% 10" rasann per second. 55. Proof. 53. 10,025 ohms. 56. (a) 100,010 ohms. 54.1, 10. (b) 9,180 ohms. bc = 100% 10° mh 57. (a) Ry = 10,020.ohms, by = 99.5% 1 () 10.02. (c) 20. 58. (a) 0.01 ampere, (b) 100.2 volts. " 59, ¥ = 0.109 + 1.108 mhos. R, = 9.17 ohms. C= 1.108 ut. 60. (a) I, = 2.25/-54.4°, SM, 9 2.33/42.7 ampere: V, = 71.147.18°, ¥, (b) Vector diagram. (c) 131.2 watts, 183 vars. GL. Py = $0.6 watts, P, = 58.9 watts, Py = 21.7 waits 62, -X;, = 9.27 ohms or Xe = 9.35 ohms. 63. (a) 0.0588 pf. (b) %_ = 0.684 ~ j74.3 ohms (capacitive). (©) Ly = 0.263 miltthenry. (9 2.54,000 ioe = 20.68 obs. Zesis p00 qiee = 948 + 424 10/0° ohms. Z,,., = 0.75 —j3 ohms. Pigg = 138.3 watts. Line loss = 44.4 watts. Generator loss = 88.8 watts. (a) X=0. (b) 26.7 watts. Load resistance = 3.09 ohms. Pug = 52 watts, Line loss = 4.21 watts. Generator loss = 8.42 watts. Zious = 0.606 + 3.03 ohms. P = 6.35 watts. ¥, = 8.5/-131.25° amperes, I, = 2.89/42.7° amperes. Same. Reciprocity theorem. Vj, = 70.7/-135° volts. = 38.4/-33.25° volts. ohms. = 950/1.5" # Fe 66. or. 69. 70. 1. Ty 14.14/-171.9° amperes,72. (a) 6:73/228.35° amperes. 13. Vy = 18.6/159.8° volts. «75. 4. — R, = 26,600 ohms. C= Bust. 16. TM. By = 9.74 29.78". 78. Z,, = 12.48/31.5°. V,; = 65.3/109° volts. Z,, = 10.7-00.67°. Vy = 65.3/-11° volts. 1. ZyZy(Zyt 2y + 2p) + Zoku (Ly + By + %) =O. 80. YAY (% 1% + Kh Valet he +h) =O, CHAPTER 6 Answers to Problems 1-8 are given in the text. . (a) Ay = 2.5, A, = 30/n, By = 0, A, = 0,8, = 0, A, = 90/31, B, = 0. (b) i,= 2.5 + 90/e sin x + 30/Sa-sin 8, 10. (a) Ay = 2.5, 4, =A, = Ay = Ay = Ay = 0, B, = By = 0,B, = 80/r, By = ~30/31, By = 30/51. (b) 1 = 2.5 + 80/z cos # ~ 30/31 cos 3x + 30/5 cos 5x. ML. Ay = 0.875, A, = 1.43, By = 0.22. 12, A, 0,4, = 10, B, =0, Ay = 0, B, = -2,A, = 1. i=10 sin x-2 cos 2x —1 sin 3x amperes, Check: at x= 45°, ¢ = 7.071—0~ 0.707 = 6.364 atx = 210°,¢ = -5=1 +1 = 5.00. 13. A= 0, A, = 10, B, =0, A, =0, By =~-2, Ay =-1, By=0. i= 10 sinx ~2 cos 2x —1 sin 3x amperes. 14. -v = 5 sin (uf ~ 36.0%) + 10 sin (2uf + 140°) + 2.5 sin (But 143.1). —— rt 15. (b) y = 11.59 sin wt 1.41 cos wf + 2.87 sin Sut + 0.333 cos But ~ 1.8 sin Sux + 1.15 cos Swf — 0.0828 sin Tut = 0.0757 cos Twt. s 16. ir a. 22, 23. 25. 27. “ + (8) Log = 7, Lin * 8, day oe(c) 9 = 11.68 sin (wt ~ 6.96") + 2.82 sin (But + 6.52") « 42.13 sin (Sut + 147.4 ‘Same as Problem 15¢. y= 0.9976 sin x 0.0015 cos x + 0.52 sin 2x ~0.3 cos 3x + 0.2534 sin 5x -0.3043 cos 5x~0.006 sin 7x—0.u009 cos 7x. y =1 sin x +0.6 sin (2x ~ 30°) + 0.896 sin (5~ ~ 50.2%) 0.00606 sin (7 + 8.54%), Note: This is a synthetic wave whose correct equation is y =1 sin x +0.6 sin (3x — 30°) + 0.4 sin (5x ~ 90°) + 0.0, Neither wave has half-wave symmetry because each con- tains a second harmonic. For ¢ wave, no because of the dispiacement of the ‘second harmonic, For wave, no because of displace- ment of both second and fifth harmonics, Furthermore, with even harmonics symmetry of each halt wave about its own midordinate would yield no useful information for wave analys Same shape, Not same shape because of phase of third and fifth harmonics, E= 8 volts, 72.5 volts. 1.76 amper amperes. + 0.112 sin (ud - 127.64 I= 16.2 amperes. 24, 182 volts. true effective value 1s ¥62.5 1056 amperes. (b) Yes. (c) ¥27 = 5.2 amperes. (a) Yes. () 4, Ifa) = 4.242 amperes, . (a) 1, = 0.19 ampere, (b) Jeux = 0.81 ampere, Z.,, = 0.11 ampere, fy Ty = 0.5 (lnan + loin )- 0.2 ampere.29. (a) Proof. (&) Proot. (©) 10 per cent. . 1, = 0.265, J,,, = 0.195, 1,, = 0.2 ampere. M. 918.5 watts, 33.0.7. 92, 506.2 watts, M. 0,386. 35. (a) 625 watts, pf = 1.0. 6. v = 114.5 sin uf volts, 0.5. 38, 6,35 amperes, 241 watts, 0.454, 97.4 volts 39. v= 100 sin (wf ~ 96.9%) + 42.75 sin (ut + 40.55%) volts, 40. £ = 17.27 sin (uf + 19.72") —7.3 cos (Sut ~ 31.2°) amper a. 12.6, Ic = 6.8, fy = 13.25 amperes. 42. 04, P, = 238, Py = 1032 watts. 43. ply = 0.986, pif. = 0.796, pf.c= 0.478, 44. ig = 30.4 sin (ut + 55.25%) +10 sin (ut + 90°) + 5 sin (Sut + 140°) amperes. 1, = 16.22, I, = 14.58, J, = 22.9 amperes. 45. f= 18 sin (ut ~16.12°) ~17.82 sin 2a + 15 sin (Sut -40°) amperes. 46. (a) 20.3 amperes. (&) , =f, = 10.15 amperes. (c) 4, = 14,15 sin (977 - 8.14°) - 2.47 sin [3(377#) + 20.22° amperes. (@) 1442 watts. (©) 0.899, 47, 10 sine +4 sin (3x + 90%). 48, (a) Fundamental 8.96 volts. ‘Third harmonic 1216 volts. (0) 1, = 20 amperes. 22.9 sin (ot + 45.57") ampere, (b) Fundamental 8.96 volts. ‘Third harmonic 405 vol! CHAPTER 7 Answers to Problems 117 given in text. 18. = 8.65£.34.96° amperes in B, direction. I, = 0,906 /24.43° ampere in B, direction. L-hely 19. 20. a. 22. 25. a6. a. uM. 35. hoo. 23. (a) 60 millihenrys. Proof. (b) 0.3535. Proof, 24. 0,005 henry (a) L, = 0.00875 henry, L, = 0.0233 henry, 64.9 volts, () 0.35. 105 volts. 267 volts. (@) 14, °1.3751,5°, I,,= 0.372/-88.15° amperes. (b) P,, = 85.3 watts, P., = 18.6 watts. 1, = 22,4/-39.17° = 17.4 — 14.15 amperes. T, = 6.88/-136,35° = —4.98 — j4.75 amperes. Power conductive to branch 2 is ~498 watts. Power supplied to branch 2 electromagnetically is 735 watts, Power dissipated in branch 2 is 237 watts. Vi2 = 127/10.74° volts, I, lags V,, by 147. 21.8 36.2" ampere! Vie = 192/-19° volts. J, =1.967 ampere Vg = 238 volts. %,, = 54 +100 ohms. Reflected impedance = 111.8 ohms, Reflected reactance into primary = 100 ohms (inductive). 0.0288 henry. 36. (a) 12.38 volts. Proof. (0) 83.3 volts. (a) 20yj. (c) 111.9 volts. (b) 25 ohm:dh tty 37. ty = Ryhy + La dt dt di, diy My = R + Rudi, + (L + Ly)——- M—, at at ge. Ma eZ sty) Za (Ze + Z) — Da? = Mant ty Dy (Zyt BZ) — By? Cireuit shown in Fig. 14. 39. I, = 8.86 ~ 43.606 = 5.28/-43° ampere: I, = 11.6 ~/1.302 = 11.68-6.85° amperes. 1, +1, = 15.46 4.008, Power supplied =.1546 watts. Power dissipated in circuit 1 = 112 watts. Power dissipated in circuit 2 = 1434 watts. 40. (a) 13.92 chms. (©) 86.2. (b) 100. (@ Yet 41. Proof. 42. Proof. 43, (@) 21.65 volts. (0) No, since 2h?> (a? + 5%) indicates double peaks. 4, w= 10100, Ecag /Eceale sag 1.0. 21.008 0m, Ee /Ecgleren! = LAL. © = 1.00707, Eee Evrae. )* 1.185, w= 1.00, Fem /Ecetun og) =1.0. 45. For Q, = @, = 100: & = 0.01732. CHAPTER 8 Answers to Problems 1-13 given in text, 14. = T8volts, Vy, 18. Vy = 198 VOItS, Viiemsteiney = 193 volts, Verenen * 386 volts. 8 volts, ” iv 18, 19. a. 10 amperes, 19.3 amperes. Three ways: coils 1 and 4 properly paralled, coils 1 and 4 in additive series, and coils 1 and 2 in additive series, 110, 220, and 190.5 volts, Star 361 volts, mesh 220 volts, two-phase 311.5 volts. 118 volts. Yo pte 68.75 volts. —h hs 6.64 amperes, 2117 watts; 19.9 amperes, 11.5 amperes, 6350 watts. Vesenste ince = 352 volts, J, = 19.3 ampere’ £0 volts. 24, 208 volts. I, = 9.95, J, = 5.75 amperes. 272 volts, 4412 watts. y 27. 36.5 amperes. For delta load: R = 2.635 and x = 9.90 ohms. For ¥ load: —R = 0.878 and X = 3,30 ohms. 16.72 amperes, 2340 watts, 0.81. 8.74 kva, 0.958, 22.9 amperes. 280 volts. For lag: 5.775 kva, For lead: 11.545 kva. For 0.886 p.t. lag: Cy, = 96.8 uf, Cy = 289.8 uf. For delta and 0.866 p.f. lead: 193 yf per phase. For 0.866 p.f. lag: 96.6 uf per phase. For Y and 9.866 p.f, lead: 579 yf per phase. For 0.866 p.f. lag: 289.8 uf per phase. Voltage between lines at the load = 90.1 volts. Loss in all three lines = 325 watts. Total power dissipated in the load = 812 watts, 383 volts between lines, 2436 volts, 60 kw, 0.93.$7. 2090 volts, 76,890 watts (total), 0.424. 38. 2990 volts. 40. (a) 1.185 uf. 39. 820 cycles. (b) 11.16 millinenrys, 41, W,=-127 watts, W, =-402 watts, 91.7 watts per phase. 42, 8.27'and~3.27 kilowatts, 43. W,= 530, 916 vars, v3. 44. Proof. 48. (a) 10.9°, 46. 2882 volt-amperes. (b) 86.3°. 0.277. 47, ACB, 0.802. 48. 20 amperes, 0.6, 14,400 watts, 49. ey = 220 sin (wt ~150°) + 51.96 sin (Sut —170°), 50. xe jane = 127 Sin ut + 30 gin (Sut + 40°) volts. 51. 89.2 volts. 52. 2710 volte. 53. 2055 volts. 54. 17.35 amperes, 188.8 volts. CHAPTER 9 Answers to Problems 1-10 given in text. AL, Taig = 17.3200, Tee = 17.82/-80%, By, = 17.32/2150 amperes, Tae =0, Te, = 90/0°, yx, = 90/180° amperes. 12, = 91.8 /55.8°, Tay = 17.9/-70.57°, Te: = 26.65/-158.35° amperes. 13 yg = 520°, To = 5/290°, Tyg =0 amperes. 1M. Zyp= 10/60, Zp, = 10/0°, Zeq = 10/60" ohms. 18. L, = 56.3, [,, = 50, ‘¢ = 86.3 amperes, 16. L 3.86 + j12.32 = 12.91 107.4° amperes, Ty, = 2.87 -j49.4 = 49.5/-86,7° amperes, Tose = 0.99 + 37.08 = 37,1/88, mperes, maoeng Fata a Venncnut. veh 1. 22, 23, 4, 25, (2.5 +f1) (2.5 +31) (35.5 +462) (2.5 +91) (55.5 +410) = 800 +7866) (2.5 + #1) (35.5 +62)! D 6,5 —j10) D: & oH) > Gas +910) @:5 +31) (2.5 + jl) (se +40) (2.5 +1) (2.5 +91) (800 — 7866) (2.5 +1) (2.5 + 71) (-800~J866) (2.5 + j1) fete 12520) cies 880) (35.5 + jo2) (25.5 ~910) (2.5491) (1000 +jo) (2.5 + jl) (55.5 + j10) — (~500-4868) 2.5 +1) (2.5 +l) (500 + 5866) D Z,, = 2.5/-60°, Z,, = 2.5/60°, Z., = 2.5/0° ohms, Tai 6.24 + j8 = 10.14 /52.1° ampere: Ty = 4.68 +47.6 = 8.92/121.7° amper Ty 9.48— 70.574. 1.4.8 +97.04, 1,,= 3.23 -8.58. Voltmeter reads above line voltage, A small two-phase motor, or various unbalanced circuits, if the system is mad¢ 2-phase, 3-wire, can be mployed. An ammeter in the common line may be used 18 an indicator. See Problem 13, Also an under- or over~ Tagged single-phase watthour meter can be used. 875 watts. W,. = 1600, W., = 1600, Wi, = $200 watts. Wervas = 6000 watts, W,i.., = 400 watts, () Woreac =107, Wypse = 2592.5 watts, () Varmeters ss. = 1817.2 vars (capacitive). Varmeter,:,,. = 919.5 vars (inductive). (@) W, = 1500, W, = 1500 watts. (b) Px, = 866 vars (inductive). Pr = 966 vars (capacitive). (28.5 — 710) (1000 + j0) (2.5 +f1) | Teleet ceurno 0 wx ncomano ‘svar maoeno nr ata eet VURKCRUT, YOR28. 29. 30. iow 8 watts. ws = 288 linductive). con * $82 vars (capacitive). 2b = 22.5 vars (capacitive). Vorimeten,.., = 660.5 vars (inductive). © Wycas © 881, Woe, © 58.5 watts, (© 0.981, 35. Wreck = 2000 watts, Ween = 1782 watts, (a) V,, = 200/0°, V,. = 260/-120°, V., = 200/120° volts, (b) 1 0°, 1,,=4186.9°, 1., = 4/66.9° amperes. (c) T 4s 4.42/-56.6°, Kyo, = 7.89/-168,4°, 11 7.43/45° amperes. (@) 1920 watts, (©) W, =485, Wi =0, W = 1435 watts, be Va = 200/0°, V., = 120/-131.65°, Vj, = 150/143,25° volts. You = 200/0°, Vi = 150/-143.25°, V,, = 120/131,65° volts. 5. 36. % =14000°, Vi. =120/-110°, V,. = 150/131.2° volt You = 200/-18°, V,, = 80/-51.4°, V,, =104.2/20.2" g, volts, T,= 12°, 1,.=2/79,3°, I, Tr, = 20/48.4°. Ty,= 1479.99, 2 See answers to Problem 16. 8 (G19) Cj) 0) D= (Cj) G1) G9 2 1° > GD jo 9) @) | | 10. ne ja8) (0) es ©) 9 | 1 - Lo) 4000/00 ) D 3 8 8 | 9) tu G43) (4000/60) D 10/60", 1, = 52.9/108.1°, 14, = 20/90" amperes. 12.4£-66.2°, 144, = 72.1/76.1°, T+, = 62.8/-110.8° amperes. (16 +j0) (3 +j0) (3 +50) D= |@3+j0) 6 +jo) (3455) (3+j0) (—3 +75) (6 + j10) (50 + 786.6) (—3 +j0) — (—3 + j0)| | 100 +40) (6 +0) (-3 +45) bs j86.6) + (6+ ji0) D By, = 10.6/-20.4°, t,,= 28.5A161.7°, 1... = 51.5/504° amp. CHAPTER 10 Answers to Problems 1-4 given in text. Y, = 64,500 + 8200 = 65000/7.26° volts. L, = 55.9 + j29.2 = 60.55/22.55° amperes. Vp = 0.521401" volts, Jy = 0.443% 10" 367.88" ampere: Pr = 0.193% 10-* watts. 1.93 10” henry per mile. 0.007775 uf per mile between wires, 0.01555 yf per mile to neutral. Sending voltage to neutral = 102,300/10.7° volts. Sending end current = 195/-21.4° amperes. pl. = 0.848, Efficiency - 0.886, Sending voltage to neutral = 103,200/10.8° volts, Sending end current = 195 /-21.8° amperes. pt. = 0.843, Bfficiency = 0.884.11, Sending voltage to neutral = 102,500/10.67° volts. Sending end current = 195/-21,6° amperes, pf. = 0.846, Efficiency = 0.889. 12, Sending voltage to neutral = 102,800 /10.73° volts: Sending end current = 197/~21.87° amperes, pif. = 0.8425, Efficiency = 0,88. 13, 180,300 miles per second. 14. (a) 144,700 volts between lin (b) 75,800 volts between line (c) 68,800 volts between lines. 15. 194,500 miles per second, 16. 0.265 db. CHAPTER 11 Answers to Problems 1-16 given in text. 11. (a) Z,, = 4384-87.7° ohms, Z,. = 452/77.12° ohms. (©) 2... = 448/-5,51° ohms, 1650/-46.7° ohms, 4B, © ohm: 18. (a) Z,7 = 1050/-86° ohms; a= 2.1 nepers, 8 = -163°, (©) 2.7 = 688/-3° ohms; a = 0.0487 neper, @ = -65.4°. 19. 547/0.30°. 20. (a) 100/0° ohms, (b) +/141.4 ohms (c) pass band (@) stop band (e) 0, £1.76 nepors, (®) pure R in pas: band, pure x in stop band, (g) 21. Bog 11.48" .887 neper. Banoo 47.16" 3.000 = 1,925 neper: Broo 88.85° 634 neper 810.000 180°, 3H nepers. 22. (@) aun = 0. aico= 0. x00" 1.995 neper: (b) 399 = 05 soo * 0, 23. (a) ~20 ab. (b) 37.7815 db, 24. 17.82 cycles per second, 26. (a) 166.7 ohms, () a=0, 6 = ~36.02", (©) Within the pass band. (@) %,= 128/90° ohms, a= 17.95 db, B = 180°. In the stop band, 27, 17.8% 107 volts, 7.82 x10" amperes, 28, T-section series arm condensers each 0.053 ui. ‘T-section shunt arm inductance = 9.55 millihenrys, a-section series arm condenser = 0.0265 uf. ‘t-section shunt arm inductances each 19.1 millihenrys, 25. (a) 4, = 435.6 ohms. () a=0, 6 = 25.86", (c) Within the pass band. (@ Zr = 224/90" ohms (© a= 8.37 db, 6 = 180°. 29, 24h= 4264.6 ohms, 22, = ~j202.6 ohms. 2Cu 90. Each series condenser “ = 0.1225 uf. 4m Shunt condenser 73 Ci = 0.0572 uf. ™ Shunt inductance H# = 0,0219 henry. 31. Series arm inductance: 0.09 henry. Shunt arm inductance: 0.16 henr: Shunt arm capacitance: 0.009 uf, 32, Hint: 1 | 4 mb + (1m?) Lu} [mC [ne so ol [ood 33, (@) Lis = 0,038 CyA = 0.1061 uf. CoA = 0.01146 nenrys [255] bu = 0.02098 honey. henry, mCok = 0.03183 pt. (6) m*= 0.3; 244 « 0.00873 henry. ie 214 = 0.0290 henry. "Cu = 0.03188 uf. contno,0¢ wauncomaoo 28 Yeh emt Vinacioe em@ ‘@ (db) Wf, ° 1.05 40 110 51 1.20 ° 1.26 52.5 1.30 44 1.50 43.5 20 CHAPTER 12 Answers to Problems 1-10 given in text. i. vy, =v, Vie 3257.2 = 65.5/-60.8° volts. V,, = 90.2 +j78.6 = 116,3/29.2° volts. Y, = 116.3.p0.8" volts. Yi, = 116.3/159.2¢ volts. 17.8—j16.917 = 79.5/-L1,9° volts, 79.5/108,1° volts. V,, = 79.5/-131,9° volts. 12, 1, = -6.55-j9.619 = 11.64/-124.25° amperes, Tq 16.55 ~J0.981 = 16.55/-1.82° amperes, 1, = 5=j10 = 11.18/-63.43° amperes. 18. (@) Log “Tyg * Ineo = 244 +J0 = 2.44/100° amperes. Tuan = 9-333/0° amperes. I, = 9.107.0° amperes ee 20° amperes. Ty, = 9.107/120° ampere! Tex = 8.333/120° amperes. ,., = 9.107/-120° amper (b) P, = 1000 watts, P, = 0, Py= 0. (c) No, Positive sequence current would not correspond to positive sequence voltage. 14, Answers based on'V,, = 0, V,.-= V/0%and¥,, =~ V. Vio * Vico = Von = 0+ Yn = 1-0", y,, «Lew, y . VA150°. we 3 a Van LLM, y,, = V0 y VAs 5 a a 3 con at aR saoung Jaren (®) Answers based o7 Ta “lo = 10" 0 66 + 40.773 = 8.70.74,9° ohms. 6 -j10.773 = 13,82/-51.2° ohms, Zigo = 20-J10 = 22.35/-26.6° ohms. 16. —-V,, = —100 —j700 = 7074.98.14° volts. 17. (a) Viq = 150 — j28.87 = 152.6/-10,9° volts. Vicq = 80 4428.87 = 57.7/30° volts, 15. Yo =0. @& ¥, = 88.04-40.9° volts. Y.. = 33.3/60° volts. Xoo. 18. (a) Vy, = 136.5 + 723.99 = 138.5/0.71° volts. Vig = 36.5 - 23.99 = 43.4/-147.35° volts. Typ = 0. ) VL, = 80/-20.29° volts. 19. T, = 3.446 + 0.6225 = 3,48/8,63° ampere: 892 + 73.955 = 4.38115.57° ampere: ~55A ~ 4.478 = 4.74 /-109.14° amperes, 20. E = 45.0 ~ 718.1 = 48,5/-21,9° amperes CHAPTER 13 Answers to Problems 1-3 given in text. 4. (@) Ty.= 1, = 15/-150° amperes. I, = 525/30° amperes. Ty hy = 75/-180° amperes. 1,, = 675/-150° amper Inre’™ 150/30° amperes, 1, = 675/30° amperes, coro 9 enncomano - sane Yelahanas ERO 147-8 Tai 2-4O) Guy, = 86.84136.1° amperes. Gig = hy = 96.8/-163,9° amper Ug = 168.6/20° amperes, {= 698.5/30° amperes, [, = 861/~150° amperes. [, = 867/30° amperes. Lines to fault: 1, = Ty Te = 1350 amperes, Generator G5: 4k =.= 814 amperes. Junction lines % and 2, to junction of faulted lines with Gy: 476 amper Lines : 1,2 ,=1,= 208 amperes, Phases of delta 7, : Tec Loy larg: #120 amperes. Phases of wye T,, lines J, , and phases of wye 7, : 4, = [y= 1,= 208 amperes, Phases of delta 7, Tac 1, Tyg? 120 amperes. Lines G, to T,: 1, =1,=L = 208 amper Phase of generator G,: 1,2 = 1, = 287 amperes. Lines G, to T,, phases of 7, on primary and secondary, and lines fy: 1,1, +f «79 amperes. Generator G,: foot, =1.> 189 ampere Phases of delta T,: La 1g * y= 109 amperes, Wye phases of 7, and line hoket, 189 amperes, Lines Ty: 1,= 1,= I. = 268 amperes. Lines to fault: 1-0, I,=-j16e, 1, Generator G, I =-114, I,=+57—j1186, I, = 57+/1186 amperes, 11684 amperes, Junction lines Z, and 2, to function of faulted lines with G,: 1, =114, [,=-87-498, I, = 7 +498 amperes. Lines J: L=%44, 1,2 -27.2-j213, 1, Phases of delta T,: Typ 27.2 +971, Toy = 9142, T,, amperes. Lines 1, , phases of wyes of 7, and 7,: Ing = -47.1 +9128, Tyy = 47.1 +9123, amper Phases of delta 7,: He=j142, Y,=27.2-j71, Lines G, to 7,: T= 54.4, I, =-27.2~j213, Phases of generator G,: 1 = 85.2, I, = 42.6 -j286, I =~42.6 +286 amperes. Phase of transformer 7, , lines G, to T, and 7, to Junetion from Ty: 21.2 + j213 amperes, 27.2 4971 1, = 9246 I= 27.2 ~ j71 amperes, 1 #272 +5213 amperes, 1, = 30.8, I,=-154—j73, 1=-15.4 +j73 amperes. Lines 15: 1,= 50.6, I,=-29.8—j285, 1, = ~20.8 + j285 amperes. ‘Transformer 7, phases of wye: 1 = 20.8, 1, =—14.4 — jaz, Delta of 7, 1, =~8.32-j121.4, 1, X, = 16.62 amper I, = 14.4 + j212 amperes, ~8.31 +j12i4, contwo 0 mxnconape ‘svar Mapewo nretanen sn voRMenuT. vie $A#OO 34 XALAPLROS KUSIRES KALAPA, VER ene RAP VOR.T= 224.09 ~ j1214, fy =J242.8, 1, = 424.03 — 712) I,=-10~ 4.79, I,= 9.58, I, = 70 ~ 4.79 amperes, amperes. Maas fe Oaks CHAPTER 14 L=9Th, T= 0, t= Oamperes. Answers to Problems 1-2 given in text. Generator G,: 3. (a) 8.25 amperes. (6) 15.8 amperes. 1, = 458, 1,=-229 +492.6, 2, =—229- 432.6 ampe, (©) 8-70 volts, 3.68 volts, . - . 0,05 ohm, a eee T, = 62.3, I, =-41~ 15.6, 1. =~41 +/15.6 ampere (a) 2000 joules. Junction lines % and 2, to junction of faulted lines with ie QL 2h ort L rm Gy oF [-Be ~ RS Le 816, y= 220-4926, Ie = +229 +492.6 ampere» 59 seconds, Phases of delta Ty: 8, (a) 0.23 second —(b) 2amperes. —_(c) 0.02 ampere. Tore ~ 41 +98.2, Tears 104, Tora'= Al + 95.2 10. its. eee a f 9. Beis. 1000 volts. Lines J, , phases of wyes of T, and 7: —_* BC : T,,"-T1 +9, I, = 71 +J9, 1, = —j18 amperes. (b) Energy dissipated = =~ [i -e™ x} = 0.00432 joule. Phases of delta 7,: (©) 0.005 joute. Tic HOA, T= — 4145.2, Lyy= 4 +452 12. 0.8644. ae 18. Steady component = ~0.187 ampere. Lines G, to 7: "‘Pransient component = + 0.187 ampere. T= 62, I, =~ 41 ~j15.6, Ip=— 41 +415.6 amperesi4, (a) Steady component = 0.00487 coulomb. Phases of generator G,: Transient component = 0.00467 coulomb. I, = 161.3, I,-~4—Ja4.6, I= r (®) Steady-state current = 3.33 ampere: < : - pn + eahsf auiparse Transient component of current = 46.7 amperes. Phases of transformer 7;, lines G, to 7, and T, to jmotlh om ht 15. 0.33 ampere, 0.00375 coulomb. T= 10.8, y= 37 98.67, T.= 97 +48.87 amperes, ‘© (9) 280 cies per second. aes Lines 15: i <. 17, 26.8 amperes, 0.0752 coulomb, 1) Wye 8T— AN L800 + ft amperes. eta a 1114 ampere (b) Graph. ‘Transformer T, phases of wye: de, =377 radians per second. 1, = 354.4, 1, = 293 ~ 78,3, I, = 299+ 78.9 amperes. pees: ae Delta of 7, Ry =-12.2 sect | 1, = 194.5 ~ 4.79, T= 194.54 44.79, Le= 204.5 ft 71142 radians per second. amperes, Bos