YDS

Practice Exam
09
ADAYIN
ADI:

..

SOYADI:

..

AIKLAMA
1. Bu soru kitapndaki test 80 sorudan olumaktadr.
2. Bu test iin verilen cevaplama sresi 150 dakikadr (2.5 saat).
3. Bu snavn deerlendirmesi doru cevap says zerinden yaplacak, yanl cevaplar dikkate
alnmayacaktr.
4. Bu snavda bulunan sorularn zm videolarna ydstime.com zerinden eriebilirsiniz.

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1.TherehasalwaysbeenaontheEarthbetweenman
andnaturesincethemankindiseagertochangewhat
existsaroundbutnatureresiststoletthemachievethis
alteration.
A)heritage

B)controversy
C)conservation
D)extinction

E)struggle

2.Peopleareparticularlytoattitudechangeduringthe
impressionableages1825,thusbeyondthoseages
people'sattitudesaremorestableandresistantto
change.
A)illustrative
B)infectious
C)susceptible
D)sensible

E)experimental

3.Man'shistoryisfullofthosestoriesabouttheincidents
inwhichsoldierswereorderedtodestroytheirown
brothersandsistersjustbecauseofaleader'sgreedy
ambitions.
A)privately

B)affirmatively
C)affectionately

D)comparatively
E)ruthlessly

4.Scientistssuggestthathugeamountsofgreenhouse
gaseswillbeintotheatmosphereifrising
temperaturescausetheArcticpermafrosttomelt.
A)produced
B)accelerated
C)disrupted
D)released
E)joined

5.Therewereplentyofpeoplewillingtothe
experimentasthesubject,controllingemotions,
attractedthem.
A)fillout

B)takepartin
C)watchoutfor

D)makedowith
E)openup

6.Alawbidallowingthefreepossessionofgunswas
bythemajorityoftheboardofministersassoonasitwas
proposedbytheoppositionside.
A)lookedround

B)givenoff
C)turneddown

D)brokeninto
E)diedout

7.Therehavebeensomeartcriticswhoin
depreciationofVanGoghthatheadraughtsmanall
hislife.
A)hadmaintained/hasremained
B)havemaintained/remained
C)weremaintaining/hadremained
D)maintained/wouldhaveremained
E)willmaintain/remains

8.Bytheearly20thcenturythelocalceramicindustryof
Ktahyamoreorlesstoanend,butthecitythe
focusofarevivalofthisskilledartthesedays.
A)hadcome/is
B)hascome/hasbeen
C)came/was
D)wouldhavecome/wouldbe
E)wascoming/willbe

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9.Withthehelpofsatelliteimages,theIndonesian
governmentthatitisthetimbercompanieswhich
themassdestructionoftheirrainforests.
A)willshow/wouldhavecaused
B)wouldhaveshown/hadcaused
C)hadshown/werecausing
D)shows/hadbeencausing
E)hasshown/arecausing

10.Accordingtothegenerallyacceptedplatetectonics
theory,scientistsbelievethatEarthssurfaceisbroken
anumberofshiftingplates,whichaverage50milesin
thickness.
A)up/above

B)at/for
C)down/beyond

D)into/about
E)of/below

11.Theobjectiveaproperdietistoachieveand
maintainadesirablebodycompositionandalarge
capacityphysicalandmentalwork.
A)through/through

B)on/within
C)at/across

D)of/for
E)after/between

12.TheDanishpoetandnovelistJeppeAakjrgrewupin
theJutlandfarmingareaandwaswellawareofthe
harshconditionsenduredbyfarmlabourersinhis
country.
A)onthecontrary B)evenso
C)so
D)still
E)nevertheless

13.theUSandBrazilbothoccupytheAmerican
continent,thenorthernlocationoftheformerandthe
southernlocationofthelatterplainlymarkareal
distinctionandbringimportantpolicyconsequences.
A)Aslongas
B)Nowthat
C)Onlyif
D)After
E)Although

14.Milkcanbecountedasanessentialfoodforchildren
itprovidesallthenecessarycalciumandproteinthey
needforthehealthygrowthoftheirbody.
A)moreover

B)although
C)sothat

D)inthat
E)eversince

15.ActorHarrisonFordoftenportraysscreenheroeswho
defeatenemiesusingclevernessandcouragemere
physicalstrength.
A)intermsof

B)ratherthan
C)inspiteof

D)suchas
E)becauseof

16.Deepseadivingcancausemedicalproblemsair
embolismanddecompressionsickness,whichcanbefatal
ifnottreatedpromptly.
A)asregards

B)asfaras
C)also

D)suchas
E)justas

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JamesGoslinghasbeen[17]asthebestcomputer
programmerintheworld,[18]he'llcertainlydenyit.Jim
Clark,founderofSiliconGraphicsandChairofNetscape
Communications,maybeoneofthesmartestbusinessmen
intheworld.Andwithoutadoubt,BobKahnisoneofthe
majorpioneersofourtimethecoinventorofthe
technology[19]allowscomputerstotalktoeachother.
Thesethreemeneachhavedoctorates[20]computer
science;theyspendtheirworkinghoursdealingwithideas
andconcepts.Andwiththreetotallydifferent[21],they
arechangingthefutureoflifeontheInternet.

17.
A)diagnosed

B)underestimated
C)regarded

D)extinguished
E)inhaled

18.
A)because

B)for
C)although

D)despite
E)therefore

19.
A)whom

B)that
C)ofwhich

D)where
E)who

20.
A)in

B)beside
C)with

D)towards
E)to

21.
A)regulations

B)conclusions
C)dimensions

D)approaches
E)collisions

Inthepastasignificantamountoftheacidinrainfallwas
neutralizedbyalkalinematerials,notablythecalciumrich
mineralsinwindblowndusts.Butrecentlytherehasbeena
slow[22]inlevelsofalkalinematerialsintheair;thisis
partlybecausetherearefewerunpavedroadswhichwere
animportant[23]ofdustinthepast.Recently,
ammoniaemissions[24]ontheincreaseinmanyparts
oftheworld.Onemightpresumethatthisisagoodthing
becauseammoniaisalkaline.Unfortunately,however,it
[25]withSO2toproduceammoniumsulphate,whichis
converted[26]nitricacidinsoil.

22.
A)replacement

B)discrepancy
C)prevention

D)decline
E)relief

23.
A)delivery

B)improvement
C)source

D)action
E)expression

24.
A)wouldbe

B)havebeen
C)wouldhavebeen

D)hadbeen
E)arebeing

25.
A)impairs

B)accumulates
C)relates

D)exchanges
E)reacts

26.
A)through

B)from
C)of

D)to
E)outof

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27.Thesearchforpatternsinthehistoryoflifebuildson
theworkofgenerationsofpalaeontologists.
A)whowentoutintothefieldtodigupfossils
B)thatthetoolsanddataarenowwidelyavailable
C)butthemathematicsrequiredwasnottoodaunting
D)sothedatabasewouldinclude36,000generaofmarine
organisms
E)whichcausedtheextinctionofthedinosaurs

32.Mostresearchersfindthenewmethodofgenerating
humanembryonicstemcellspromising,.
A)eveniftheyheldthepossibilityofregeneratingbody
parts
B)asitmightleadtonewandpossiblybetterstemcelllines
C)sothatstemcellscanbecomeanyotherkindofcell
D)ifthishadledtohealthierchildren
E)sincethisprocedurewasintroducedmorethanadecade
ago

28.onlywhenyouhavefullyearnedthescholarship
fromtheinternationalcommission.
A)Severalacademicprogramsanddegreeshavebeen
offeredbytheuniversityoverthelasttwodecades
B)Therehasbeenagrowingconcernamongfinancially
troubledcollegestudentsabouttuitionfees
C)Quiteafewcharityorganizationsarenoworganizing
activitiessuchasconcertstoraisemoneyforuniversity
students
D)Youmighthavehadtherightofdemandingtherenewal
ofyourscholarshipforthefollowingacademicyear
E)Youwillbeallowedtoformallydeclareyourchoiceof
themaster'sdegree

33.,theactualpaceofchangeinthesecountrieshas
beendisappointinglyslow.
A)SincemostofthesubSaharanAfricancountrieshave
goodgovernance
B)EventhoughmanysubSaharanAfricangovernmentssay
theysupportstructuralreforms
C)Unlessfirmeractionistakenagainstcorruptioninsub
SaharanAfrica
D)Inordertoimprovethemanagementofpublicspending
insubSaharanAfricancountries
E)InspiteoftheIMFsdemandthatcountriesatasimilar
stageofdevelopmentshouldreceiveequaltreatment

29.Becausetheboxofficereportswerebetterthan
expected,.
A)theyhadnochoicebutdelaytherehearsalsuntilthe
nextseason
B)theactorsandactresseswerereluctanttotakeone
morestep
C)thetheatrecompanywaspleasedtoperformthesame
playonemoreweek
D)theleadingactorplayedaveryimportantroleinthe
developmentofthetheatrecompany
E)infactalltheaudienceapplaudedformorethanten
minutes

30.Manyspeciesoffisharepoisonoustoeat,.
A)whichhaveafatallypoisonoustoxincalledtetrodoxin
B)butthemostpoisonousofallaresomekindsoffishin
theRedSeaandIndoPacificregion
C)whereasthefishsovaries,intestinesandskincontain
thepoison
D)eveniflessthan0.1gofthepoisonisenoughtokillan
adultinaslittleas20minutes
E)sincesomepeoplethinktheyarealsodelicious

31.Affectingmanypartsofthebodyincludingthe
cardiovascularsystem,.
A)almosteverybodyknowsthatsmokingcausescancer
B)thedemandfortobaccohasnearlydoubledinthelast
tenyears
C)itisagreatrisktosmokeduringpregnancyperiod
D)smokingisthemainreasonforawiderangeofillnesses
E)doctorsgenerallyagreethatexcessivesmokingcanhave
fatalconsequences

34.Thoughthesmelloffumesinanaircraftcockpitmay
notalwaysspelldanger,.
A)aforcedlandingcouldhavebeenavoided
B)evenasmallsensorcandetectawiderangeofchemicals
C)harmlessfumeshadbeencausedbyasmallleakofoil
D)itisguaranteedtoalarmthepilot
E)suchadetectorcaneasilybefittedintoanaircraft

35.In1993,thephilanthropistHenryBuhlboughtarare
gelatinsilverprintofaStieglitzphotographofGeorgia
OKeeffeshands,.
A)whichwasthebeginningofacollectionhecontinuedto
amassovertheyears
B)ifhewouldhavehadoverathousandimagesofhands
C)sotheGuggenheimisexhibitingmorethanahundred
andseventyofthem
D)whenitisaninterestingwaytocontemplatethehistory
ofphotography,amongotherthings
E)andtheyincludeashotbyRobertCapaandaportraitof
NuschEluardbyDoraMaar

36.DuringtheColdWar,evenastheypreparedtodestroy
oneanother,.
A)theWesthasalwayssoughtopportunitiestomake
peacewiththeSovietUnion
B)theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionhadbeen
involvedinaconstructivedialogue
C)Britainhasimportedenormousquantitiesoftimberfrom
theSovietUnion
D)theWestandtheSovietUnionstruckdealsandtraded
inenergy
E)theSovietUnioncontributesagreatdealtoChinas
economicdevelopment
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37.UluslararasMzikYarmasadyla1939'dabalayan
CenevreYarmas,uandadnyann,eneskiveensaygn
mzikyarmalarndanbirisidir.
A)TheGenevaCompetition,whichstartedin1939underthe
nameoftheInternationalMusicCompetition,isnowoneof
theworld'soldestandmostprestigiousmusiccontests.
B)TheGenevaCompetitiongrewoutoftheInternational
MusicCompetitionwhichdatesbackto1939andisnow
oneoftheoldestandmostprominentoftheworld'smusic
contests.
C)TheInternationalMusicCompetition,originallyknownas
theGenevaCompetition,startedin1939andisstilloneof
theworld'soldestandmostrenownedmusiccontests.
D)TheGenevaCompetition,whichdatesbackto1939
whenitwasgenerallyknownastheInternationalMusic
Competition,isnowregardedastheworld'soldestand
mostreputablemusicalcontest.
E)After1939theInternationalMusicCompetitionmerged
withtheGenevaCompetitiontobecomeoneoftheworld's
oldestandmostacclaimedmusicalcontests.

40.Todaymostseismologistsassumethat,onceamajor
earthquakehasoccurred,thefaultwillremainquietuntil
stressesintheearth'scrustrebuild.
A)Gnmzdepekokdeprembilimci,bykbirdeprem
meydanageldiktensonra,yerkabuundakigerilmeler
tekraroluuncayakadarfaynsakinkalacan
varsaymaktadrlar.
B)Gnmzdedeprembilimcilerinou,ikibykdeprem
arasndakisredeyerkabuundakigerilmelerinfaytekrar
hareketegeirecekldearttnkabuletmektedir.
C)Gnmzdeprembilimcileri,bykbirdepremmeydana
geldiktensonrayerkabuundakigerilmelerbelirlibirdzeye
ulamadkafaynsakinkalacanvarsaymaktadrlar.
D)Bykbirdepremmeydanageldiktensonra,fayn,yer
kabuundayenigerilmelerinolumassresincesakin
kalacagrn,gnmzdepekokdeprembilimci
kabuletmektedir.
E)Gnmzdepekokdeprembilimcininilerisrdne
gre,meydanagelenglbirdepremdensonra,fay,yer
kabuundayenigerilmelerinolumasiinuzunsresakin
kalacaktr.

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38.Atmosferdekarbondioksitvedierseragazlarnn
art,nmzdekiyllardaolabilecekokdahaciddbir
kreselsnmahakkndakayglaranedenolmaktadr.
A)Ascarbondioxideandvariousothergreenhousegases
increaseintheatmosphere,thereareseriousconcernsthat
amajorglobalwarmingwillhappeninthenearfuture.
B)Theincreaseofcarbondioxideandothergreenhouse
gasesintheatmospherearecausingconcernsabouta
muchmoreseriousglobalwarmingthatmayoccurinthe
yearsahead.
C)Becauseoftheincreaseofcarbondioxideandvarious
othergreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,agreatdealof
seriousconcernisexpressedaboutamajorglobalwarming
thatmayhappeninafewyears.
D)Therearemanyconcernsthataveryseriousglobal
warmingwilloccurintheyearsaheadowingtothe
increasedcarbondioxideandvariousothergreenhouse
gasesintheatmosphere.
E)Sincecarbondioxideandmanyothergreenhousegases
haveincreasedintheatmosphere,thereisagreatdealof
seriousconcernaboutthepossibilityofamajorglobal
warminginthenearfuture.

41.Aboutathirdofthesoundswepronounceforspeech
donotusethelipsorthefrontofthemouthand
thereforetheycannotbedistinguishedbylipreaders.
A)Konumakiinkardmzseslerinyaklaktebiri,
dudaklarmzveyaazmznnksmnkullanmadmzda
dudakokuyuculartarafndanayrtedilemez.
B)Konumakiinkardmzseslerinyaklaktebiri,
dudaklarveyaaznnksmnkullanmazvebuyzdende
dudakokuyuculartarafndanayrtedilemez.
C)Konumakiinkardmzseslerintebirindenfazlas
dudaklarveaznnksmnkullanmazvesrfbu
nedendendolaydudakokuyuculartarafndankolaycaayrt
edilemez.
D)Dudakokuyucular,konumakiinkardmzseslerin
tebirineyaknnayrtedemezlernkbusesler
dudaklarveyaaznnksmnkullanmaz.
E)Dudakokuyucular,konumakiinkardmzseslerin
tebirindenfazlasdudaklarveyaaznnksmn
kullanmadtakdirdebusesleriayrtetmedeolduka
zorlanrlar.

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39.Hcreninmetaboliktepkimeleridedahil,herhangibir
kimyasaltepkimesrecinde,kimyasalbalarkrlrveyeni
vefarklbalaroluabilir.
A)Wheneverachemicalreactionoccurs,asinthe
metabolicreactionsofacell,chemicalbondsbreak,and
newanddifferentonesmayform.
B)Inthecourseofanychemicalreaction,includingthe
metabolicreactionsofacell,chemicalbondsbreak,and
newanddifferentbondsmayform.
C)Inthemetabolicreactionsofacelland,indeed,inany
chemicalreaction,certainchemicalbondsbreak,andnew
anddifferentbondscanform.
D)Whenachemicalreactionoccurs,suchasthemetabolic
reactionofacell,chemicalbondsbreakandarereplaced
bynewanddifferentones.
E)Themetabolicreactionsthattakeplaceinacell,
resembleallotherchemicalreactionsinwhichcertain
chemicalbondsarebroken,andnewanddifferentbonds
aremade.

42.Thediscoveryofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystemover
thepastdecadeisthefirsttangiblecluethatwemaynot
bealoneintheuniverse.
A)Sononyldagnesistemimizdndakigezegenlerin
kefisayesindeartkevrendeyalnzolmadmzilkkez
dnebiliriz.
B)Evrendeyalnzolmadmzgsterenelletutulurilk
ipucu,sononyldagnesistemimizdndakigezegenlerin
kefisayesindeeldeedilmitir.
C)Evrendeyalnzolmadmznelletutulurilkipularndan
biri,gnesistemimizdndayeralanvesononyliinde
kefedilengezegenlerdir.
D)Gnesistemimizdndayeralanveevrendeyalnz
olmayabileceimizinelletutulurilkkantolangezegenlerin
ou,sononyldakefedilmitir.
E)Sononyldagnesistemimizdndakigezegenlerin
kefi,evrendeyalnzolmayabileceimizinelletutulurilk
ipucudur.
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WecanonlyguesswhenShakespearewrotehisplays.He
mayhavehisownwriting"season"perhapsinthequieter
wintermonths,butneverstoppedacting,probablytaking
twoorthreeminorpartsinsteadofamajorone.Heseems
tohavechosenforhimselfthemorestaticand
undemandingrolesinhisplays,suchasoldAdaminAs
YouLikeItandtheGhostinHamlet.Hisaudiences
includedmanyhabitualplaygoers,manymusthaveknown
Shakespeareandhemusthaveknownthem.Wecan
imagine,asarecentbiographerhassaid,"thattheremight
havebeenacomplex,subtlecommunicativeexchange
whenheappearedinoneofhisownplays".Inspring1613,
hepurchasedhisfirstpropertyinLondon,wasrentingit
outby1616,butmayoriginallyhaveentertainedother
intentionsfortheproperty.Itwouldcertainlyhavebeena
handyplacetostay,beingneartheGlobe,whichwashis
theatre.PerhapsthedestructionoftheGlobein1613,
whichprobablypromptedhimtosellhisshareintheatre
company,alteredhisplansforit.Hemaynothavegivenup
acting,buthiswritingcareerwasoverbytheendofthat
year.In1614,hereturnedtohishometown,Stratford
uponAvon,anddiedtherein1616.

43.Itissuggestedinthepassagethat,whenShakespeare
acted,.
A)hewasalwaysassignedthemostcrucialparts
B)theaudienceswerethrilledbyhisacting
C)theGlobeTheatrewasalwayscrowded
D)hecouldspareverylittletimeforhiswriting
E)thepartsheplayedweremostlyeasy,unimportantones

44.Itispointedoutinthepassagethat,although
Shakespearehadstopwritingplaysbytheendof1813,.
A)itseemslikelythathecontinuedtoactalittlelonger
B)hesometimesrevisedsomeofhisearlierplays
C)hewantedtokeephiscompanyintact
D)hiscompanyputpressureonhimtocontinuewriting
E)hestartedagainonhisreturntoStratforduponAvon

45.Weunderstandfromthepassagethatwehaveno
evidence.
A)astowhatsortofpartsShakespeareplayed
B)tosuggestthatShakespearewaspopularinhisday
C)astowhetherornotShakespeareactuallydidrentout
hisproperty
D)aboutwhenShakespearewaswritinghisplays
E)thatthedestructionoftheGlobehadanyseriousimpact
onShakespeareslife

46.ItissuggestedinthepassagethatShakespeare,.
A)asaplaywright,preferredtragediestocomedies
B)asapropertyowner,gotagoodincomefromhisrents
C)asanactor,wasofteninclosecontactwithhisaudiences
D)returnedtoStratforduponAvonalmostassoonasthe
Globewasdestroyed
E)thoughhereturnedtoStratford,verysoonregretted
leavingLondon

Whenairpollution,includingacidrain,iscombinedwith
otherenvironmentalstresses,suchaslowwinter
temperatures,prolongeddroughts,insects,andbacterial,
fungal,andviraldiseases,itcancauseplantstodeclineand
die.Morethanhalfoftheredsprucetreesinthe
mountainsofthenorthernUnitedStateshavediedsince
themid1970s.Othertreespecies,suchassugarmaples,
forexample,arealsodying.Manystilllivingtreesare
exhibitingsymptomsofforestdecline,characterizedbya
gradualdeteriorationandofteneventualdeath.The
generalsymptomsofforestdeclinearereducedvigourand
growth,butsomeplantsexhibitspecificsymptoms,suchas
yellowingofneedlesinconifers.Airpollutantsmayormay
notbetheprimarystressthatresultsinforestdecline,but
thepresenceofairpollutionlowersplantresistanceto
otherstressfactors.Whenoneormorestressesweakena
tree,thenanadditionalstressmaybeenoughtocause
death.

47.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatairpollutants.
A)becomeverydestructiveforallkindsoftreeswhenthey
turnintoacidrain
B)havebeentheprimarycauseofthedeteriorationof
varioustreespecies
C)cancauseforestdeclinewhentheyacttogetherwith
otherenvironmentalstresses
D)showtheiradverseeffectontreesmostclearlywhen
thereareprolongeddroughts
E)areparticularlyeffectiveonsugarmaplesandconifers
butnototherspecies

48.Accordingtothepassage,whenthetreesinaforest
failtogrowproperly,.
A)thisisdirectlyrelatedtolowwintertemperatures
B)thisismostlytheresultofafungaldisease
C)itsimmediateeffectcanbedetectedrightaway
D)thiscanbeasymptomofforestdecline
E)itisinevitablethatbacterialdiseaseswillemergesoon

49.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatthedeathofthered
spruceinthenortheasternUnitedStates.
A)isaclearindicationofhowforestdeclinecanturnintoa
majordisaster
B)hasbeencausedprimarilybybacterialandviraldiseases
intheregion
C)wasalsonoticedinthemid1970swhenthetrees
showedagreatdealofreducedvigour
D)wasprecededfirstbyreducedgrowthandthenalong
periodofdeterioration
E)hasresultedfromthejointeffectsofairpollutionand
environmentalfactors

50.Itisemphasizedinthepassagethatairpollution.
A)weakenstheresistanceofplantsagainstenvironmental
stresses
B)inthenortheasternUnitedStateshasdeclined
substantiallyovertheyears
C)causesthespreadofbacterial,fungalandviraldiseases
intheworld
D)playsamajorroleinthefallofwintertemperatures
E)preventsthedetectionofsymptomsrelatedtoforest
decline.
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52.Accordingtothepassage,Marxsnovelideaofhistory
.
A)waswhollybasedonhisexperiencesoflifeandpolitics
inTrierwherehegrewup
B)ruledouttheformersocialistviewthatitwaspossibleto
reorganizeindustrialsocietypeacefully
C)wasmosteffectivelyspreadthroughthenewspaperthat
heeditedin1842and1843
D)wasstronglyopposedbytheYoungHegelianswhohated
radicalismandrevolutions
E)didnothavemuchimpactontheriseanddevelopment
ofmodernsocialism

53.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat,inhisradicalism,Marx
was.
A)somuchaheadofhiscontemporariesthathewasoften
misunderstoodbythem
B)primarilyinspiredbythedebatesandrevolutionary
movementsofearliersocialists
C)neverinfluencedbytherevolutionsandviolent
confrontationsof1848
D)soinspiredbytherebellionsoftheYoungHegeliansthat
heactivelytookpartinthem
E)originallyinfluencedbyhisfamilythattookmuch
interestinradicalpolitics

54.Itisclearfromthepassagethat,sinceMarxsfather
wasJewish,.
A)hewasallowedtoworkasalawyeronlyinTrier,butnot
inanyotherregionofGermany
B)hewasconstantlyharassedandintimidatedbythe
Prussiangovernment
C)itwasimpossibleforhimtopractiselawinGermany
unlesshebecameaProtestant
D)therewasmuchdiscriminationagainsthimatthe
UniversityofBerlin,wherehestudiedlaw
E)heandhisfamilypreferredtoliveinTrier,wherethere
wasnopoliticalrepressionatall

Thefatherofmodernsocialism,KarlMarx(18181883)was
barelyknownintheearlynineteenthcentury.His
reputationroselater,after1848,whenawaveof
revolutionsandviolentconfrontationseemedtoconfirm
hisdistinctivetheoryofhistoryandmakeearliersocialists
emphasisonpeacefulreorganizationofindustrialsociety
seemnaive.Asachild,hegrewupinTrier,inthewestern
sectionofGermany,inaregionandafamilykeenly
interestedinthepoliticaldebatesandmovementsofthe
revolutionaryera.HisfamilywasJewish,buthisfatherhad
convertedtoProtestantisminordertobeabletoworkasa
lawyer.MarxstudiedlawbrieflyattheUniversityofBerlin
beforeturninginsteadtophilosophyandparticularlytothe
ideasofHegel.WiththesocalledYoungHegelian,agroup
ofrebelliousstudentswhohatedthenarrowthinkingofa
deeplyconservativePrussianuniversitysystem,Marx
appropriatedHegelsconceptsforhisradicalpolitics.His
radicalismmadeitimpossibleforhimtogetapostinthe
university.Hebecameajournalistand,from1842to1843,
editedtheRheinischeZeitung(RhinelandGazette).The
paperscriticismoflegalprivilegeandpoliticalrepression
putitonacollisioncoursewiththePrussiangovernment,
whichcloseditdownandsentMarxintoexilefirstin
Paris,thenBrussels,andeventuallyLondon.

51.Asclearlypointedoutinthepassage,whileMarxwas
studyinginBerlin,.
A)itwasnotinlaw,butinphilosophy,thathisinterestslay
B)hediscoveredthatGermanysuniversitysystemwas
largelyinspiredbyHegelsideas
C)theYoungHegeliansbegantodemandradicalreformsin
theGermanuniversitysystem
D)heturnedtojournalismandconstantlycriticizedthe
governmentsrepressionofradicalism
E)henoticedthattherewasagreatdealofantiSemitism
amongtheYoungHegelians
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EachyearinthetouristictownofAgrigento,Sicily,
hundredsofillegallybuilthousesarebulldozedbythelocal
government.NewconstructioninAgrigento,hometomany
ancienttempleswhichtouristscometosee,hasbeen
bannedsince1968.Inspiteofthis,hundredsofnewand
halfbuilthousescanbeseeninthehillssurroundingthe
archaeologicalpark.Notonlydothesebuildingsspoilthe
landscape,butmanyarealsounsafeandunsanitary.Some
ofthepeoplelivinginthesebuildingspoursewageintothe
seaandpilegarbageonroadsidessincetheirhousesare
illegalandtheyarentallowedtousethecitysewage
systemandgarbageservice.Severalofthesehousesare
alsobuiltondangerouscliffs,sitesthatwouldneverbe
allowedbyItalysstrictbuildingcodes.

59.Itismadeclearinthepassagethatpouringsewage
intotheseaandpilinggarbageonroadsidesareexamples
of.
A)thereasonthesehousesarebuiltinthehills
B)compliancewithItalysstrictbuildingcodes
C)whytheillegallybuilthousesinAgrigentoareunsanitary
D)thebeautificationofAgrigentosarchaeologicalpark
E)aprotestagainsttheItaliangovernment

60.Accordingtothepassage,thebuildingprohibitionin
Agrigento,Sicily,.
A)hasmeantthatnonewhouseshavebeenbuiltthere
since1968
B)hasnotputastoptothebuildingofnewhouses
C)hasmeantthattherearenohousesonthesurrounding
hills
D)hascausedthedestructionofmanyancienttemples
E)hasledtothestrictcontrolofnewconstruction

61.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelocal
governmentinAgrigento,Sicily,doesnotwantnewhouses
tobebuiltnearthearchaeologicalparkbecause.
A)thelocalgovernmentwantstousethelandtobuild
housesforitsofficials
B)thelocalgovernmentcannotcollecttaxesfromthe
ownersofthesehousesastheyarebuiltonpublicland
C)thereisnowater,sewageorgarbageserviceavailable
nearthetemples
D)newhousesspoilthelandscapearoundtheancient
temples
E)thelocalgovernmentisplanningtobuildseveralnew
hotelsfortouristsontheland

62.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith.
A)theillegalconstructionofanewarchaeologicalparkin
Agrigento,Sicily
B)thebeautifulancienttemplesfoundinAgrigento,Sicily
C)thepollutionofthearchaeologicalparkinAgrigento,
Sicily,whichbeganin1968
D)thereasonswhyillegalconstructionisstillcontinuingin
Agrigento,Sicily
E)theproblemofillegallybuilthousesinAgrigento,
Sicily

Muchworkonagingbrainshasfocusedontheirfailings,
butanewstudylooksathowtheysucceed.InaUniversity
ofMichiganatAnnArborreportonwhichbrainregions
respondtochallengingtasks,researchersfoundthataging
brainsfunctiondifferentlythanyoungbrains.CindyLustig
ofAnnArborusedfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging
toobservethebrainsofyoungadults(aged18to30)and
seniors(65to92)astheytackledsimpleanddifficult
mentalexercises.Fortheeasytasks,brainactivitywasvery
similar,buttougherchallengesprompteddifferences.The
seniorsactivatedseveralfrontalbrainregionsthatthe
youngadultsdidnot.Inaddition,theyoungerpeople
turnedoffpartsofthebrainnotusedduringthetasks,
buttheelderskeptthoseregionsactive.Lustigconcludes
thatolderadultsbrainscanindeedrisetothechallenge,
atleastinsomesituations,buttheymaydosodifferently.

55.Accordingtothepassage,Lustigsstudyshowsthat.
A)youngandagingbrainsshowlittledifferenceinfunction
whentheyaredealingwithsimpletasks
B)agingbrainscannotcopewithawiderangeoftasks,
whethersimpleorchallenging
C)youngpeopleusetheirbraincapacitymuchmorefullythan
elders
D)thereasonswhyagingbrainsfailintheiractivitiesare
variedandneedtobespecified
E)variousmentalexercisescandelaytheagingofthebrain

56.ItisclearfromthepassagethatLustigsprincipalaimin
conductingthestudywas.
A)todeterminewhetherelderlypeopleshowthesame
reactionwhentheyarefacedwithadifficultoraneasy
situation
B)tocarryoutherresearchonagroupofyoungandelderly
peopleassociatedwiththeUniversityofMichiganatAnn
Arbor
C)tounderstandthedifferenceinhowyoungandoldpeople
usetheirbraintodealwithbothsimpleanddifficulttasks
D)toformulateaseriesofmentalexercisessuitableforher
useofmagneticresonanceimaging
E)todiscoverthecausesofagingbrainfailures

57.Itispointedoutinthepassagethatelderlypeople.
A)performfarbetterthanyoungpeopleinallkindsofmental
activities
B)usemoreofthedifferentpartsoftheirbraintodealwith
difficultmentaltasksthanyoungpeopledo
C)oughttobealwaysencouragedtodomentalexercises
D)shouldtryhardtoimprovetheirmentalcapacityanddo
wellinchallengingsituations
E)havearousedLustigsinterestandfullycollaboratedwith
herinherresearch

58.Welearnfromthepassagethat,asLustigdiscovered
duringherstudy,unliketheelderly,theyoungadults.
A)usedcertainregionsoftheirbrainforcertaintasks
B)alwaystendedtoavoidchallengingsituations
C)showednogreatdealofdifferencebetweentacklingeasy
anddifficultmentaltasks
D)usedallthepartsoftheirbraininrespondingtoevery
mentaltask
E)weremoreinterestedintheperformanceoftheirbrain
thaninthecausesofmentalfailure

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63.Doctor:Howhaveyoubeenfeelingsincewestarted
youonthecholesterolloweringdietanddrug
regimen?
Harry:Well,itsbeenreallyhardforme.Imnot
allowedtoeatwhatIwant,andIvebeen
feelingdepressedandaggressiveforsomereason.
Doctor:.
Harry:Inotherwords,theyareonlytemporarythen.
A)Well,youlljusthavetocontinuewiththeregimen.You
haveyourcardiovascularhealthtoconsider,youknow!
B)Wouldyouliketotrypsychologicalcounsellingtohelpto
confrontthesefeelings?
C)Unfortunately,thosearecommonsideeffectsofthe
drugyouaretaking.
D)Maybeweshouldconsideralternatemedicationforyour
condition.
E)Whydontyoutrystoppingthedietandcontinuingwith
thedrug,then?

64.Brenda:HaveyouheardofthenewInternet
technologythatallowspeopletoconductasearchfor
informationbyenteringaphototakenwithamobile
telephoneintothesearchengine?
Ryan:.
Brenda:Well,forexample,sendingaphotoofanearby
landmarkbuildingmightgiveyouastreetmap

ofthearea.
Ryan:Thatwouldbeusefulifyouwerelostina

foreigncity.
A)Icanbarelyusemymobiletocallsomeone,letaloneto
sendapictureovertheInternet!
B)Whotoldyouthat?
C)Whatgoodwouldthatbe?
D)Oh,anothernewtechnology.
E)Dontbelieveeverythingyoureadorseeonthe
television.

65.Sarah:ThebookyouarereadingisaboutBrazil,isnt
it?Iknowalittlebitaboutthiscountryseconomy.
Henry:Itis,indeed.Itsays,since1930,successive
governmentshavepersistentlypursuedpoliciesfor
economicgrowthandAmazonareadevelopment.
Sarah:.
Henry:Thatexplainspartlywhybythe1990sBrazilhas
becomeoneoftheworldslargesteconomies.
A)Unfortunately,developmenthasdestroyedmuchofthe
ecosystemthathascharacterizedtheAmazonbasin.
B)Thisisnotsurprising,sinceBrazilhasvastnatural
resourcesandahugelabourforce.
C)Geographically,thenortheasternregionofBrazilis
semiaridscrubland,heavilysettledandpoor.
D)However,itistruethattodaymorethanoneoutoffour
Brazilianssurviveonlessthan$1aday.
E)Well,Brazilsnarrowcoastalbeltincludesmostofthe
majorcities,ofwhichRiodeJaneiroisthemostfamous
one.

66.Madge:Iseeskiresortoperatorsaregrowingactive
incombatingglobalwarming.
Derek:Andsotheyshouldbe;shorterwintersand
lesssnowwillhitthemhard.
Madge:.
Derek:Isupposetheydidntwanttogivethe
impressionthatthesportisendangered.
A)Thenwhyhavetheywaitedsolongbeforetakingany
action?
B)Butwhatcantheydoaboutit?
C)Itseemstheyareusingwindpowertorunthelifts.
D)Buttheyarenottheonlypeopletobeadversely
affectedbyglobalwarming!
E)Theamountofsnowwevehadthiswinterdoesnt
suggestanyglobalwarming!

67.Sam:DoyouthinkNASAsemergencyescapeplan
forspaceboundastronautswillwork?
Robert:Thatshardtosay.Isupposereallyitwill
dependonthekindofemergencythatpresents
itself.
Sam:.
Robert:Actually,thecolourisasurvivalfeaturetoo.
Itmakesasearchforthecreweasier.
A)Itremindsoneofsciencefictionfilms,witheverything
neatlyplanned.
B)Itseemsabitlikeagametome.Thesuitsareabrilliant
orangecolour.
C)Theantigravitysuitsqueezesthelegstopreventblood
frompoolinginthem.
D)Apparentlyshuttlebailoutisalastresort,tobeused
onlyiflandingbecomesimpossible.
E)LetshopetheChallengercatastropheisnotrepeated.

68.AttheendofWorldWarII,Algeriannationalistscalled
ontheAlliestorecognizeAlgeriasindependenceinreturn
fortheirgoodserviceduringthewar.
A)WhenWorldWarIIended,Algeriannationalists,
claimingthatAlgeriahadmadeausefulcontributionduring
thewar,appealedtotheAlliestoacknowledgeasrightthe
independenceoftheircountry.
B)AssoonasWorldWarIIended,theAllieswere
approachedbyAlgeriannationaliststograntindependence
toAlgeria,sincetheyhadbenefitedfromtheresourcesof
thecountry.
C)AlgeriannationalistshadservedtheAlliessowellduring
WorldWarIIthat,assoonasthewarended,theyexpected
themtograntfullindependence.
D)FollowingWorldWarII,inwhichAlgeriahadplayeda
usefulpart,theAllieswererequiredbyAlgerian
nationaliststograntindependencetotheircountry.
E)SinceAlgeriahadofferedtheAlliesvariousservices
duringWorldWarII,Algeriannationalistswerekeento
securewithAlliedsupporttheindependenceoftheir
country.
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69.Wewillneverbeabletogetalltheseexhibitsdated
andlabelledfortheopeningofthemuseumunlessweget
alotofassistance.
A)Itwouldhelpustofinishthedatingandlabellingofthe
exhibitsifthemuseumisnotopenedforawhile.
B)Withjustalittleextraassistanceweshallbeabletoget
alltheseexhibitsdatedandlabelledbeforethemuseumis
opened.
C)Theopeningofthemuseumdoesnotdependon
whetherornotwecangetalltheseexhibitsdatedand
labelled.
D)Weregoingtoneedanawfullotofhelpifweretodate
andlabeltheseexhibitsintimefortheopeningofthe
museum.
E)Oncethemuseumisopenwecaneasilygetplentyof
helpinthedatingandlabellingoftheexhibits.

70.ThecityofPortElizabethliesinoneofSouthAfricas
poorestprovinces,aregionburdenedwith40percent
unemployment.
A)ThecityofPortElizabethissituatedinaprovincein
SouthAfricathatisoneofthepoorest,sufferingfroman
unemploymentrateof40percent.
B)TheprovinceinwhichliesthecityofPortElizabethis
completelyunderdevelopedduetoa40percentrateof
unemployment.
C)ThecityofPortElizabethissopoorthattheprovincein
whichitissituatedhasanunemploymentrateof40per
cent.
D)OneoftheleastprosperousprovincesinSouthAfricais
thatofPortElizabeth,whereunemploymenthasrisento
40percent.
E)SouthAfricahasseveralleastdevelopedprovinces,in
oneofwhichliesthecityofPortElizabeth,witharateof40
percentunemployment.

71.Takeoffwasdelayedagainandagain,sowebeganto
wonderiftherewassomethingseriouslywrongwiththe
aircraft.
A)Unlesstheproblemwereserious,theywouldnthave
delayedtheflightforsolong.
B)Iftherehadbeennoproblemwiththeaircraft,they
wouldnthavedelayedtakeofflikethat.
C)Theflightwaspostponedindefinitely,sowepresumed
therewasenginetrouble.
D)Webegantofeelthattheremightbearealproblem
withtheaircraftastakeoffwascontinuallybeingdelayed.
E)Weassumedthat,sincetherewasaproblemwiththe
aircraft,theywereobligedtodelaytakeoffindefinitely.

72.Castesareknowninseveralsocieties,butthebest
knownandmostrigidexampledevelopedinIndia.Itmay
havegrowninthefirsttwomillenniaB.C.,chieflywiththe
objectofpreservingthepaleskinnedAryaninvadersfrom
admixturewiththedarkerskinned,indigenous
Dravidians..However,anincreasingsubdivisionof
casteswasfirmlyestablishedbythe5thcenturyB.C.,with
strictrulesofsocialconduct.
A)SinceBritishsocietywasdividedbyclass,theBritish
attemptedtoequatetheIndiancastesystemtotheirown
socialclasssystem.
B)InHindureligiousterms,thefourmaincasteswereof
divineorigin,havingbeenbornfromdifferentpartsof
Brahma.
C)Casteruleshavebeenconsiderablyrelaxed,especiallyin
thelast40yearsorso.
D)ThecastesystemwascarriedoverintoIndianIslamby
thosewhoconvertedtothisfaith.
E)Distinctionswerenotparticularlyrigidintheearly
stages,andintermarriagewasknown.

73..Theirfindingsraisepossiblehealthconcernsfor
thoseworkinginthemanufactureofthematerials.
Carbonnanotubesarerolledupsheetsofgraphite
thousandsoftimesthinnerthanahumanhair.Because
theyareimmenselystrongandaregoodelectricity
conductors,theyarepoisedforuseinawiderangeof
fields,fromengineeringtomedicine.However,their
similarityinshapetoasbestosfibres,whichareknownto
damagethelungs,isgivingrisetofearsoftheiradverse
effectsonhumanhealth.
A)Carbonnanotubesareunlikelytoposeriskstothe
generalpublicwhenincorporatedintoproducts.
B)Instudiesdoneonmice,inhalingnanotubesaffectedthe
functionofTcells,atypeofwhitebloodcellthatorganizes
theimmunesystem.
C)Scientistsaretryingtodetermineiftheproductionof
carbonnanotubeshasanybiologicalaftereffect.
D)Suppressionbynanotubesoftheimmunesystemin
micehasbeenhaltedbyadministeringoneofthestandard
antiinflammatorydrugs.
E)Inhalingcarbonnanotubescansuppresstheimmune
system,accordingtoscientistswhohavejustcompleteda
studyofthisnewsubstance.
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74.Weatherforecastinginvolvespredictinghowthe
presentstateoftheatmospherewillchange.Present
weatherconditionsareobtainedbygroundobservations,
observationsfromseaandaircraft,Dopplerradars,and
satellites..Thesecharts,maps,andgraphsarethen
sentelectronicallytoforecastoffices,wherelocaland
regionalweatherforecastsaremade.Inaddition,these
officesprepareweatheradvisoriesandwarningsofsevere
weather.
A)Electronicallytransmittedobservationsaregenerally
usedinsteadofcharts,maps,andgraphs
B)Forecastofficessendcharts,maps,andgraphsto
satellitesandothersourcesofinformation
C)Thisinformationissenttometeorologicalcentres,
wheredataarecollected,analyzed,andmadeintocharts,
maps,andgraphs
D)Suchequipmentiscontrolledelectronicallybycharts,
maps,andgraphsinforecastoffices
E)Weatheradvisoriesandwarningsofsevereweatherhelp
meteorologiststopreparecharts,maps,andgraphs

75..Forestsaredying,mostimpressivelybyburning.
ThedamagedonebywildfiresintheUS,thevastmajority
oftheminthewesternstates,hasincreasedgreatlysince
thelate1980s.In2006,nearlytenmillionacreswere
destroyed.Withtemperaturesintheregionupby2C
overthepast30years,springiscomingsoonertothe
westernmountains.Thesnowpackalreadydiminished
bydroughtmeltsearlierintheyear,dryingthelandand
creatingperfectconditionsforwildfires.Ashotter
summersextendintoautumn,thefiresareendinglateras
well.
A)PeopleinthewesternpartoftheUSarenotyet
sufferingfromwatershortage,buttreesare
B)ItisthoughtthatprecipitationinthesouthwesternUS
willdeclinesteadilyoverthenextfewdecades
C)Thefiresarenotonlymorefrequent;theyarealso
hotterandmoredamaging
D)MostforestsinthesouthwestoftheUShavealways
burnedfrequently,butatlowintensity
E)Thetypicaltreebearsthemarksofmanysuchfires,with
blackscarswheretheflamesconsumedthebark

76.(I)Ithasbeenestimatedthatatleast100,000children
testifyincourtcasesintheUSeveryyear.(II)Thisfigure
doesnotincludethemuchlargernumberofinstancesin
whichchildrenprovideevidenceoutsidecourt.(III)In
recentyears,anumberofresearchershaveperformed
studiesthatspeakdirectlytothisimportantquestion.(IV)
Thecasesinwhichchildrentestifyhavearangeoftopics,
butthemostfrequentcategoryamongcriminaltrials,
accountingforabout13,000caseseachyear,ischildsexual
abuse.(V)Inmostinstancesofallegedabuse,thechild
witnessisalsothetargetoftheabuse.
A)IB)IIC)IIID)IVE)V

77.(I)ThemagnificentPhilippineeagleisoneofthe
planetsmostendangeredbirdsofprey.(II)Thereisno
competitionforpreyfromtigers,leopards,bears,orwolves
inthePhilippineislands,theeaglesonlyhome,soit
becamethetoppredatorintherainforest.(III)However,
withdeforestationratesinthePhilippinesamongthe
highestintheworld,theeaglehasbeenreducedtoa
populationestimatedatseveralhundredbreedingpairs.
(IV)Theforestthatallowedthemtoprosperisalmost
gone,andiftheforestdisappears,theeaglewillbecome
extinct.(V)Aseriesofdevastatingfloodsandmudslidesin
thepastdecadehasconvincedFilipinosthatthelossof
forestaffectsnotjustwildlife,butpeopletoo.
A)IB)IIC)IIID)IVE)V

78.(I)Whenapersoneatstoomuch,metabolismfavours
fatformation.(II)Thehumanbodycandigestawide
varietyofplantandanimaltissues,convertingthesefoods
intousableproteins,fats,carbohydrates,vitaminsand
minerals.(III)Thedigestivesystemtakesinfood,processes
itintoparticlesthatcanbeabsorbed,andexcretesthe
undigestedwastes.(IV)Theparticlesthatareabsorbed
throughthedigestivesystemaretransportedthroughthe
bloodstreamsoastobeavailabletothewholebody.(V)
Thisprovidestheenergyforactivityaswellasthematerials
forbodygrowth,maintenanceandrepair.
A)IB)IIC)IIID)IVE)V

79.(I)Reefsareunderattackfromallsides.(II)Coralreefs
areoneoftheoldestandmostdiverseecosystemson
Earth.(III)Hurricanesandtsunamiscancauseinjuriesthat
takedecadesforareeftorepairnaturally.(IV)Meanwhile,
destructivefishingpractices,pollution,shipsrunning
agroundandclimatechangeposeanevenmoreserious
threat.(V)AreportissuedbytheUNEnvironment
Programmewarnedthat30percentoftheworldscoral
reefsareeitheralreadydeadorseriouslydamaged.
A)IB)IIC)IIID)IVE)V

80.(I)TheWorldCupfootballtournamenthasgrownmuch
morecompetitiveduetoglobalization.(II)Moreandmore
playersfromteamswithnohistoryofsuccessaregetting
thechancetoplayformoreexperiencedteamsinother
countries.(III)Indeed,footballisthemostpopularsportin
SouthAmerica.(IV)Further,thetrendnowinworld
footballisforgamesinthecompetitiontobedecidedby
muchcloserscores.(V)Thismeansmoresuspenseforthe
spectators,afactthatmakeswatchingthematchesmore
enjoyable.
A)IB)IIC)IIID)IVE)V

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