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twcq a.wm bq aatbqa awm qbll twmc? Ltwa twtw qcmq twmca .twcww"

wwq cqbatwaqbat wmaaqcaaqa mclbaaqcaaqawmaqbc aalbmcabwmqq bq ctww cam., cqw twa


lbqw [awmlw wc
a.tw qtwtwPtwqacq
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a.tw .caqw a.twq qcbw, ".wma awm wwm?" qcbw a.tw acatwq, ".wma twcqt
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a.t pwmatwaq?" ".catw b a.ca qwm qwma wmatwaacqtw twtw a.tw qqcqtww
ptwamwcmc qacm awmabmptwmq qp qcqmtw" .cmqbm
.catw ba a.twatw twcbmqw" "awmwmw! a.bq b aawm
lcmpcb amwmpwmm ! ttwlc qtwmcm ambmcmwcl cqtwm.wmm c-qwmtwtw-mqtwqc
a.atwtw twwmcqacbqqw a.twatw pwmatwaw " " a.twatw a.tw ? " " cqwmtwtwqtwqc
.wmqtwmcm cqtwawmmq.wmm c-mqctwlwmbtcm twb acqtwwm" .cq
a.tw plcmtww" "a.twatw cacbq a.tw?" "cqctwlwmtctww cqw a.wmc?" "ttwqw
pcmwwmqmtw" atwbmammcbm qwmm cqtwacqqtwmc ctwltwmqctw
Plcmtw b qtwmq!" "awmwmw! a.twatw cacbq plcmtw?" "ca twwmaawm,
awmtwtwltwmcm ammcm.cL qwmm pwmwqmtwmawmm qcw"b twtw-mqwm
lcqa pwmatwaw" "awmwmw! twqatwa b wbww awmwmw bqw Ltwamq qtwtw
qwmqmwcm .wmmqmwma abqmcmtwtwqawmm qbmtclawmm mwmmqtwqtwwmmqmwmma
atw a.tw qqcqtw a.ca atw qca wbww m m atwqa a.twt wbw, cawmqtw a.tw qqcqtww
twtwmcmqtw-qwmmq mwmaaqcaaqa ac m qtwmatw-aqmqc acmtwtwamcqm .wmaqmcqmcmb
a.twq cawmqtw a.tw qqcqtw wbw q.wmcatwww a.twq aawmqtw a.tw abqww
twmamtwtwm abmamqcq amcmqm .wmaqmcqcmb amcqmcqmwmm
"mwmtwtw qwma, qtwp.twa!" aawmqtw a.tw abqw, aaqcaaqatwlltwww
qwmm qcmbm qcamtwtwm qbmtcw ltwcm .wmmqmwmma
"awmwmw! twcq! Ltwamq awm qwma!" mctwtw a.twq a.tw qqcqtww
ltwtw qtwacqm lcqm wcbpcmqwmm pcmtwacqqcm www
"cp!" "qwm! wwmaq!" "qctwtwwmq qaatwqaa.! qtwbqtw a.bq! awmwmw!"
qltcwltwmcm qtwatw-aq mqcltw" .wmabqtwltw" twcltwmqacw amtwtw
mctwtw a.twq, q.wmcatww a.tw qtwaptwqaw "twtwtwtwtwatwa act!"
qp wcbtcmL qcwwmamLwmp amtwtw wc-macqwmqa
"awmwmw! atwqa pcqqtww a.twq!" "atwtwp abll bw"
qwmmtwwc-ac lcltwmw actwamm c-m.cL qwmm .twmlc
"wwmqma atwtwp! a.awma a.t pwmatwa! awmwmw! acba!
lwmbtctwqcmqcm qtwcammcm.cL w- qcmbm ltwtw qw
twwmcqacbq bq a.twatw pwmatwa!" "ttwq! twcq cp! awmwmw!
twcltwmqamwwm qmtw-m ctwltwmqctw qwmm qmc qcmbm
twtwtwtwtwatwa ba b ca twwmaawm!" "awmwmw!" qcbw "twcq!

twtwlm qwmpammtwplwm qtwatwmcmcm wcbpcmqwmcmqb pcmtwacq


c.twcw!" "abatww clatwcwt, cqmltw!" "qctwtwwmq qaatwqaa. pltwcqtw! qtwbqtw
cc awmlw at twcabc wmmcapbc, www6w maaqcaaqaw twa.qwmlwmat, pw wwaa atwqtwqa pcp
twa, pw wqw

www8] twcqwmq: a.tw Lcqaccatw wmaaqcaaqa a.tw qclbqcq bqwbcqq wwa


qwmqcmqmwma ltwq amtwtw-mqtwm acmtwlmawmm qltclctwltw-mtw
abll a.bq qqcqtw! cp! awm!" a.twq atwqa wbw, atwqa cpacawq,
qwmmamcaqwmwawmm acmtwtwatwtwa.wmmqmcamawmm qc- c lwmawmm qmtwml-wmm
atwqa .twcwlwmqa wbww a.twq atwmtwwtww a.tw qqcqtw wbww acq clatwcwt wbww twqatw
lwmptww
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qtwmqtwltwltwp ltwa .wmmqmwmma ttwmqam wwmltwmbj m acmtwtwawma mwmbqwmp
twqatwlwmptww a.twqw a.tw qqcqtw mcca.a .btw a.twqw a.twq jctwptww
.wmmqaqm acmtwtwptwac-qwm .wmabawmtwcmbm acmtwtwpwmqwmmamwmmawmm
a.tw .caqw a.twq qtwbqtww a.tw m.catww a.twq qblltww .btw wbwa
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aaqcaaqawmca pbtwmtwq a.tw qqcqtww a.twatwaaqcaaqawmatw catw acaaltwqqcqtwq,
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a.twatwaaqcaaqawmatw pwmbqwmq a.tw aaqcaaqaltwq.w twcqt awma a.twt
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acmtwbabqc .wmqqcmqacbm qtwbqwm-mb ctwlcmtwqc .tw"qmcm
a.twq catw a.tw lbaaltw acaaltwqqcqtwq ca q.wmatw qcbw
.wmmqmwmma qcmwwm w twm-acp m qbtcw mtwmatwp acLqmtwm
a.tw qqcqtw, "Lbatw clactqw wbtw b
ltwmcm qcqqwmmwwm-twmbacmp
clatwcwt, aca a.twt lbatww"

wmqmtw a.twatw acq cq cqbtwcl a.bm. catw a.tw bqwbcqq cqw acq mclltww
qtwaptwqaw a.tw a.balabqw acq .bq awmatwmawma cqw aawmca.a .btw aaqcaaqawmwmww
acbabtw-aaqcaaqaclmwmq .twcaw wmaaqcaaqa .btw cqw qcbw, "a.ca q.cll atw wwm?" ".
wma
twcqt pwmatwaq .catw twmc ? m m cqqtww acatwqw m m b .catw wmqtw qwm aaqcaaqacqa
a.ca a.tw
qqcqtw abll qwma atw caltw awm mcam. twtww" "awmwmw!" "bq aawm wma a.atwtw
wbaaqcaaqaaaqcaaqatwatwqa twwmcqacbqq, a.twatw catw twt pwmatwaqw" "a.twatw?" cq
qtww acbabtwaaqcaaqaclmwmqw "ca cqwmtwtwqtwqcw" "cqw a.tw wma.twa?" "ca cqctwlwmtctww"
(awma. twwmcqacbqq catw qtwca awm m.wmlctw a.twatw a.tw qqcqtw clqwm lbatwww)
m m cqw twmc ? " " wm., b mww abqq twt qtwmq cqta.twatw ! " " awmwmw ! a.twatw
bq twmca pwmatwa?" "ca a.tw twwmaawma a.ca bq a.tw lcqa pwmatwaw" "awmwmw!
b .catw atwtwq a.twatw a a.ca mq cll aba.aw Ltwa mq awm cqw qtwtw a.tw qqcqtww m
m
a.twt atwqa cqw a.tw qqcqtw cawmqtw, cqw a.twq .tw cawmqtw .tw mabtww wmca
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lmwmqw
clwmqa mctwtw a.tw abqw, aaqcaaqatwllbqa twatwata.bqa bq baq pca.w m m awmwmw !
twcq ! !
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wmqq mwmcqaat aba.
a.tw qqcqtw cqw a.tw abqw mlwmqtw atw.bqw a.twtww "aaqcaaqalt cp!" ttwlltww wmqt
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wwc cqbatwaqbat wmaaqcaaqa mclbaaqcaaqawmaqbc aalbmcabwmqq bq ctww cam., cqw twa


.qw [awmlw wc
"qwm, wwmaq!" q.wmcatww a.tw wma.twaw "qctwtwwmq cp twmca qaatwqaa. wma .tw
abll mcam. cq ! awmwmw ! m m qtwaptwqa mctwtw ttwllbqaw m m Jcqa atwtwtwtwatwa t
wmca
pwmatwaq, m m twqaatwcatww acbabtw-aaqcaaqaclmwmqw m m awmwmw ! a.twt .catw pcqq
twww " "b
ctw awmbqa awm mat," qcbw acatwqw "qwm! wwmqma mat! mcqa twmca qptwll!
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m m
m m ttwq, aaqcaaqalt cp ! awmwmw ! b atwtwtwtwatwa twbqtw ca a.tw twwmaawmw " "
awmwmw ! m m qcbw
a.tw acatwqw m m aaqcaaqalt c.twcw a b ctw abatww, cqmltw ! " " Jcqa qctwtwwmq c
ll
twmca qaatwqaa. wma a.tw qqcqtw abll atwa cq ! aaqcaaqalt cp ! awm ! " cqw a.twt
aaqcaaqaltwa awmacawq twwmaawm aba. a.tw qqcqtw bq aaqcbaw a.twt aaqcaaqaltwa cp
acawq,
.twcwlwmqa, atwaaqcaaqawmatw a.tw qtwaptwqaw .tw aacpptww .btwqtwlaaqcaaqa cawmc
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.tw .cw
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m.catww aba. ba .tw mca a.tw qqcqtw bqawm aaqcaaqawmca pbtwmtwq cqw qblltww .btw
w
cqw aaqcaaqaawmtw a.twqtw aaqcaaqawmca pbtwmtwq atwatw aaqcaaqawmatwtww a.tw qqc
qtwq wmaaqcaaqa awmwctw wmq
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wba aaqcaaqaltwq.
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tw wbtww, aca
a.twt abll lbatww"
a.tw twLaaqcaaqa cqw a.tw atwctw
qtwmqcawm .wmacc"pb .wmwtw-mwwmm .wmqqctwcwcmqm
acq a.twq a.tw wtwtwa, a.tw .bq twwma.twa a.tw twlaaqcaaqaw
acmtwtwwatwq .wmamcwcmbm ctwacqam mc-mcam twbqtw .twqm qmm
a.twq mctwtw a.tw atwcaw "abla ptwatwba .cqa a.t lbmtw?" "ttwqw" "b
twammcmc-m qp- ammcmawm qmtwm twbtwmq awmqcmtwbmcw
.cqaa qwma .cqa a.twtw bw" "a.t wwmqa qwma a.wmc twca?"
qtwmacm qtwmamcw acmqcamamcmL qwmm qmtw-aqmc tbmw
"qwm, qwma b twca awmcwq!" "awmwmw! b aaqcaaqabaqa!" "mwmtwtw!
twammcmcm am twbmqtwm cmtwpmbmwwmacm ctwlcmqmcbtwm cmtwtwmwm-qcm
mcam. a.t lbmtw!" a.twq aba .twa wbw bq .twa qtwmqw a.twq abpptww
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.wmamcwcb" pmbmmwwmm acmtwtwab ma.wmqqctw aq mtw-mac abmwtw-mpwmm
a.tw atwca, catw .twaw a.twq qcbw a.tw twlaaqcaaqa, "qmcaat .bq aaqcaaqatwtwa,
qqwmmqamwmmtbm mwmqtwmqaa amcmtwwmb-qtwm abaqm tw"p qcqtwmaa
lbaaltw .bq twttwq qacaat acbl!" qcbw wbww
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ca awmlw at twcabc wmmcapbc, www6w maaqcaaqaw tww aw abaaqcaaqaaaqcaaqawmaw, "tw


bawmq twta.q," a.bq
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www8] twcqwmq: a.tw Lcqaccatw wmaaqcaaqa a.tw qclbqcq bqwbcqq wwa


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a.tw a.cqwtwaw a.twq qcbw a.tw aacqwtwwma.twa, "wwm qwma qtwltwma .btw qwma!
wcmb ptwqcmbqc qtwacqm qcmptwqcbtcqwm .c-m twwmqwm"
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qcmmtwL actw.twqbj awmmtwtwlm atwlcmqm qtwacm qmtw-lcpmqa
atwqatww a.twq awm twqw wmaaqcaaqa awmalww "qwm, aacp b
acqbtw-mam ammqcmatwqm qbtwa qtwqtw-" twcmwawmpmcbm
bq aaqcaaqatwca.twa, atww aaqcaaqatwca.twa, aacqwtwwma.twaw" "aa cq.twq
ctwabmqccm twbqwc-matwL wmqtwptwqcbtcq wmltwmmwcbm qwmm
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twcmtwtwqbp qb-ltwmmwcb cmtwtwactwtwqtwp qcmtwtwqtwpamwmm
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mcmwmtwbatwqw a.twq mwmwmqtww a.twqw a.twq mctwtww "twca a.bq, a.bq a.bm. awmcqa
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cmtwtwpbmwwmawmm acmtwtwabawmatwamtwltw" atwmqmcm pbmmwwmm


a.twq catw wbww a.twq qcbw a.tw acqabqa, "a.wm bq twcaq .btw
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ww6 cqbatwaqbat wmaaqcaaqa mclbaaqcaaqawmaqbc aalbmcabwmqq bq ctww cam., cqw twa


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qwm a.tw
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mcq ma .caa twtw ! " " a.ca ! a.wm catw twmc a.ca .tw mcq qwma .catw twmc ?
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