Project Report

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELGAUM
A Project Report On
Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Ravi Kumar Singh (1DS07ME077)

Shashi Ranjan Kumar (1DS07ME090)
Samresh Jalan (1DS07ME080)

Santosh Kumar (1DS07ME083)
Under the guidance of

Mr. Narahari
Lecturer, Mech. Dept., DSCE
2010-2011
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SHAVIGE MALLESHWARA HILLS, KUMARSWAMY LAYOUT,
BANGALORE-78
DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout
Bangalore-560078
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Certificate
This is to certify that the Project Work entitled Manually Operated
Pneumatically Driven Center Stand is a bonafide work carried out by
Ravi Kumar Singh (1DS07ME077), Samresh Jalan (1DS07ME080), Shashi
Ranjan Kumar (1DS07ME090), Santosh Kumar (1DS07ME083) in partial
fulfillment for the 8th semester of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical
Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during
the year 2010-2011. The Project Report has been approved as it satisfies the
academics prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering degree.
______________
Signature of Guide
[Mr. Narahari]
S.No
1.
2.
_______________
Signature of HOD
[Dr. C.P.S Prakash]
Name of The Examiners

______________________________
______________________________
__________________
Signature of Principal
[Dr. Nethaji S. Ganesan]
Signature With Date

____________________
____________________
DECLARATION
We, Ravi kumar Singh (1DS07ME077), Samresh jalan (1DS07ME080),
Shashi Ranjan Kumar (1DS07ME090), Santosh Kumar (1DS07ME083),
hereby declared that the project work entitled Manually Operated
Pneumatically Driven Center Stand has been independently carried out
by us under the guidance of Mr. Narahari, lecturer, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering ,
Bangalore, in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Mechanical Engineering
of Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belgaum.
We further declare that we have not submitted this report either in part or in
full to any other university for the award of any degree.
Ravi Kumar Singh

Samresh Jalan
Shashi Ranjan Kumar
Santosh Kumar
Place: Bangalore
Date:
ABSTRACT
This project aims to come-up with a mechanism which can be used for
making the parking of a two-wheeler on center stand an easier task.
Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand essentially
eliminates the hassles of dragging a two wheeler on the center stand. Due to
high amount of effort needed for parking the two-wheeler on a center stand,
most of the people park it on side stand. Parking on a side stand uses up
more space. Moreover, the big cities have a great problem of scarcity of
parking space.
The proposed pneumatic stand uses an air cylinder which is attached
in place of the conventional stand and is driven with the help of an air pump.
A limited number of pump-strokes should be sufficient to put the bike on
center stand with a good stability.
This project makes use of a very simple mechanism and is economical
to manufacture. It is basically a POC (Proof of Concept) and demonstrates
the possibility of using a pneumatic system as a center stand.
Dept of Mech. Engg., DSCE
2010-2011
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It would be our privilege to express our heartfelt gratitude and respect to all
those who helped us in the completion of this project.
We sincerely acknowledge the encouragement and impetus given to us by
our Principal Dr. Nethaji S. Ganesan.
We would like to thank our Head of the Department Dr. C.P.S Prakash for
his support and guidance at every stage.
We wish to thank our guide Mr. Narahari, Lecturer, Mechanical
Department, DSCE for his constant guidance and support.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the staff of Department
of Mechanical Engineering who helped us in successful completion of the
project.
We would like to especially extend my gratitude to all the staff of Machine
Shop and Workshop for helping us out with open heart.
We would like to thank our parents for their constant support throughout the
completion of project.
Finally last but not the least we would like to extend our deep sense of
gratitude to our friends who have always inspired us and encouraged us to
carry out the project successfully.
Ravi Kumar Singh

(1DS07ME077)
Samresh Jalan
(1DS07ME080)
Shashi Ranjan Kumar (1DS07ME090)
Santosh Kumar
(1DS07ME083)
2010-2011
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Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... vi
Chapter 01 .................................................................................................................................................. 7
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1. Current Scenario .............................................................................................................................. 8
1.2. Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................... 8
Chapter 02 ................................................................................................................................................ 10
LITERATURE SURVEY ........................................................................................................................ 11
2.1. Automatic Two-Wheeler Stand ..................................................................................................... 11
2.2. Theory of Pneumatics .................................................................................................................... 14
2.3. Comparison to Hydraulics ............................................................................................................. 15
2.4. Pneumatic Advantage .................................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 03 ................................................................................................................................................ 18
OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF PROJECT ................................................................................................... 19
3.1. Objective ....................................................................................................................................... 19
3.2. Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Chapter 04 ................................................................................................................................................ 20
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................................ 21
Chapter 05 ................................................................................................................................................ 22
COMPONENTS AVAILABILITY CONSTRAINTS ............................................................................ 23
Chapter 06 ................................................................................................................................................ 27
DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................... 28
6.1. Data ............................................................................................................................................... 28
6.2. Design Calculation ........................................................................................................................ 30
6.3. Pneumatic Circuit Diagram ........................................................................................................... 32
Chapter 07 ................................................................................................................................................ 33
COMPONENTS OF THE PNEUMATIC CENTER STAND ................................................................. 34
7.1. Double Acting Cylinder ................................................................................................................ 34
7.2. Polyurethane Pneumatic Tube: ...................................................................................................... 35
7.3. Pneumatic male connector:............................................................................................................ 36
7.4. Non return valve or one way valve................................................................................................ 36
7.5. Spring ............................................................................................................................................ 37
7.6. Leg Pump ...................................................................................................................................... 38
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Chapter 08 ................................................................................................................................................ 39
COMPONENTS DRAWING................................................................................................................... 40
8.1. Cylinder ......................................................................................................................................... 40
8.2. U Clamp ........................................................................................................................................ 41
8.3. Truss .............................................................................................................................................. 41
8.4. Assembly of Parts .......................................................................................................................... 43
Chapter 09 ................................................................................................................................................ 44
MACHINING PROCESS INVOLVED ................................................................................................... 45
Chapter 10 ................................................................................................................................................ 47
TESTING ................................................................................................................................................. 48
Chapter 11 ................................................................................................................................................ 49
RESULT ................................................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 12 ................................................................................................................................................ 51
HIGHLIGHTS AND KNOWN ISSUES.................................................................................................. 52
12.1. Highlights .................................................................................................................................... 52
12.2. Known Issues .............................................................................................................................. 52
Chapter 13 ................................................................................................................................................ 54
GALLERY ............................................................................................................................................... 55
Chapter 14 ................................................................................................................................................ 56
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................ 57
Chapter 15 ................................................................................................................................................ 58
FUTURE SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 59
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 60
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Automatic Pneumatic Center Stand .......................................................................................... 12
Figure 2: Pneumatic Advantage ............................................................................................................... 16
Figure 3: Eletro-Pneumatic Jack ............................................................................................................... 23
Figure 4: Hydraulic jack ............................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 5: Scissors Jack ............................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 6: Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder ............................................................................................ 26
Figure 7: Measurement of Load on Rear Wheel ...................................................................................... 29
Figure 8: Measurement of total load on Center Stand ............................................................................ 29
Figure 9: Pneumatic Circuit Diagram ........................................................................................................ 32
Figure 10: Air Cylinder .............................................................................................................................. 34
Figure 11: Pneumatic Tube....................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 12: Pneumatic male Connector ..................................................................................................... 36
Figure 13: Non Return Valve .................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 14: Spring ....................................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 15: Leg Pump(80 Psi) ..................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 16: Pneumatic Cylinder ................................................................................................................. 40
Figure 17: U- Clamp and Shaft .................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 18: Truss ........................................................................................................................................ 42
Figure 19: Drilling Process is Carried out in our College Lab .................................................................... 45
Figure 20: Arc welding in our College Lab ................................................................................................ 46
Figure 21: Testing of Center Stand in our College Lab ............................................................................. 48
Figure 22: Position of Center Stand When the Bike is in motion ............................................................. 50
Figure 23: Bike in Lifted Position .............................................................................................................. 50
Figure 24: Our Project in Bangalore Mirror .............................................................................................. 55
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Chapter 01
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Current Scenario
India is a bike driving country and has a large population of two
wheelers. Most of the two wheelers in the market are very heavy and have a
dry weight of around 125 to 150 Kg. A huge effort is needed by the motorist
to put the two-wheeler on a center stand. Many a times people tend to lose
their balance and fall down. Hence, to avoid all these unsavory situations
most people use side stand for parking their vehicles. But, the two-wheeler
manufacturer usually recommends using center stand only.
Apart from that, one bigger problem that is growing day by day is the
problem of scarcity of parking space. This issue is even more grave in cities
& metropolis. A classic example for this can be seen in our own colleges
parking lot which happens to be in front of the department. Parking the bike
on the side stand takes much more space than when it is parked on center
stand. Thus the problem of scarce parking space gets compounded. All these
factors showed a scope for improvement in the centre stand design of a two
wheeler.
1.2. Problem Statement

In general, two wheelers have a regular stand pivotally connected to a
stand holder at the bottom. When a two wheeler is stopped, the stand is
kicked to the extended position (operative position) to support the two
wheeler on the ground and the vehicle is required to be lifted / pulled back to
be mounted on the stand in order to park it. The users, especially aged people
and ladies are not able to pull back the two-wheeler on the stand
comfortably. Furthermore, it is difficult to move the stand of a two wheeler
Dept. of Mech. Engg., DSCE
2010-2011
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between the operative position and the non operative position when in a
narrow area.
The design which ever may be developed should give the two wheeler
stability and secondly the design should cause least or no modifications to
the existing two-wheeler design.
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Chapter 02
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1. Automatic Two-Wheeler Stand
To solve the above-described problems, a good attempt was made
earlier by fabricating an automatic two wheeler stand which is more
advantageous and technically sound than the conventional two wheeler
stand. It uses a DC motor and a hydraulic pump, coupled together with the
help of a distributing manifold and having a reserve oil tank forming a power
pack .The other options which can be used are:
a) A 12 V DC actuator type or
b) A Pneumatically powered cylinder type or
c) A hydraulic pneumatically charged cylinder type.
This system helps to unfold the legs of the two wheeler stand from the
horizontal position to the vertical position and to push open the assembly on
which the legs are mounted with the help of hydraulic cylinders or any other
means such as a Pneumatic cylinder or a motorized Actuator or a Hydraulic
Pneumatically operated cylinder, up to the pre-set height which lifts the two
wheeler and parks it on the stand automatically. On the return path the
operation of the motor is reversed and the manifold reverses the flow of the
oil in case of the Hydraulically charged cylinder, causing the reversal of the
operation therefore sinking the stand again to previous position and
unfolding it back to horizontal position which puts the two wheeler back in
ready to drive position. This stand allows an effortless lifting and de-lifting
of a two wheeler in the process of putting it on the stand and back to the
riding position. It is not only convenient but it also allows an individual to
park the two-wheeler in narrow lanes where there is no space available to
operate the manual stand. The turning movement of the stand from
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horizontal to vertical could be done by any means like a combination of rack

gear and the pinion gear or a lever system or a multiple hydraulic cylinder
system.
Automatic two wheeler stand comprising a mounting base plate which
is connected with Mounting pipes on one side, a Mounting Pin, Connecting
rods, a Slider rail guide plate, the upper pin, a Locking plate mechanism,
Slide railguide, apinion.
Figure 1: Automatic Pneumatic Center Stand
The different parts indicated in the figure are as follows:

01
:- Hydraulic Cylinder
02A
:- Oil inlet port
02B
:- Oil inlet port
03
:- Piston Rod
11
:- Mounting Pin
23
:-Mounting base plate
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22
:- The Mounting pipe
32
:- hollow pipes
33
:- connecting rods
34
:- Slider rail guide plate
35A
:-The upper pin
36
:- Locking plate mechanism
37
:- Slider rail guide
41A, 41B :-two hollow pipes

45
:- Pinion Gear
46
:- Mounting holes
44
:- Rake gear
42
:- Clevis mounts
The Hydraulic pump is of the reversible type and capable of supplying

pressurized hydraulic oil in both directions. The Hydraulic Power Pack is
powered with the help of a 12 V DC battery and is connected through a
programmable switch card for operation in synchronization with another
switch as a safety precaution. The safety switch will be activated when the
brake of the two-wheeler is applied, to protect the rider from accidental
operation. Another alternate safety feature is that the device will be operated
only when the two-wheeler is in the stationery position and this will be
determined with the help of a sensor incorporated in the programmable
switching card. As soon as the switch is operated in coordination with the
other safety switch, the reversible Power pack unit is activated in the forward
position.
In a pneumatically operated system, the double acting cylinder will be
operated with the help of a pneumatic pump run either by the help of a DC
motor or by running the pump by connecting it directly to the Chain of the
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two wheeler and storing the pressurized air in a reserve air tank to be used
when required to operate the automatic stand. The reserve air pressure is to
be determined by a pressure switch and the operation of the air pump to cut
off automatic switch when the determined reserve pressure is achieved. The
advantage of this system is saving in cost due to elimination of the hydraulic
power pack and elimination of the use of Oil in the system. This system uses
air as medium which is free of cost. But this system has a disadvantage due
to its high maintenance cost and increase in size of unit generating air
pressure. The Pneumatic Hydraulic Operated system uses the Combination
of the pneumatic and Hydraulic system. An Air pump operated by the help
of a DC motor, generates air which is pumped into a hydraulic master
cylinder which is pre charged with hydraulic oil. This forces the hydraulic
oil into a hydraulic cylinder and in turn activates the stand mechanism.
Bypass valves and return springs enable the system to reverse the action and
help in folding the stand back to the folded position. The advantage of this
system is increase in power and elimination of expensive hydraulic power
pack. But this system has a disadvantage due to its high maintenance cost,
increase in size and addition of expensive and complex control valves.
The best, cost effective and maintenance free mode of working with
the automatic two-wheeler stand is with the help of Hydraulic system with a
lever mechanism.
2.2. Theory of Pneumatics

Pneumatics is a branch of technology, which deals with the study and
application of use of pressurized gas to affect mechanical motion. Pneumatic
systems are extensively used in industry, where factories are commonly
plumbed with compressed air or other compressed inert gases. This is
because
centrally-located
and
electrically-powered compressor that
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powers cylinders and other pneumatic devices through solenoid valve is

often able to provide motive power in a cheaper, safer, more flexible, and
more reliable way than a large number of electric motors and actuators.
Pneumatics also has applications in construction, mining, and other areas.
Pneumatic systems in fixed installations such as factories use
compressed air because a sustainable supply can be made by compressing
atmospheric air. The air usually has moisture removed and a small quantity
of oil added at the compressor, to avoid corrosion of mechanical components
and to lubricate them. Factory-plumbed, pneumatic-power users need not
worry about poisonous leakages as the gas is commonly just air.
2.3. Comparison to Hydraulics

Both pneumatics and hydraulics are applications of fluid power.
Pneumatics uses an easily compressible gas such as air or a suitable pure gas,
while hydraulics uses relatively incompressible liquid media such as oil.
Most industrial pneumatic applications use pressures of about 80 to
100 pounds per square inch (550 to 690 kPa). Hydraulics applications
commonly use from 1,000 to 5,000 psi (6.9 to 34 MPa), but specialized
applications may exceed 10,000 psi (69 MPa).
2.4. Pneumatic Advantage

Hydraulic systems use an incompressible fluid, such as oil or water, to
transmit forces from one location to another within the fluid. Most aircraft
use hydraulics in the braking systems and landing gear. Pneumatic systems
use compressible fluid, such as air, in their operation. Some aircraft utilize
pneumatic systems for their brakes, landing gear and movement of flaps.
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Pascal's law states that when there is an increase in pressure at any

point in a confined fluid, there is an equal increase at every other point in
the container.
Figure 2: Pneumatic Advantage
The formulas that relate to this are shown below:

P1 = P2 (since the pressures are equal throughout).
Since pressure equals force per unit area, then it follows that
F1/A1 = F2/A2
It can be shown by substitution that the values shown above are correct,
1 pound / 1 square inches = 10 pounds / 10 square inches
Because the volume of fluid pushed down on the left side equals the volume
of fluid that is lifted up on the right side, the following formula is also true.
V1 = V2
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by substitution,
A1 D1 = A2 D2
A = cross sectional area

D = the distance moved
or
A1/A2= D2/D1
This system can be thought of as a simple machine (lever), since force

is multiplied. The mechanical advantage can be found by rearranging terms
in the above equation to
Mechanical Advantage (IMA) = D1/D2 = A2/A1
Thus we have a mechanical advantage which forms the basis of
working of our system.
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Chapter 03
OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF PROJECT

3.1. Objective
The main objective of this project is to design a device which can
effectively replace the existing center stand of a two-wheeler such that it can
reduce the effort required for parking the vehicle.
Also, this project aims to build a working prototype of the device and
to demonstrate practically its usage & applicability. By doing so, the intent is
to show that side stand can be done away with.
3.2. Scope
Due to our limited knowledge, experience and paucity of time, the
scope of this project is being limited to as mentioned below:
To come up with a Proof of Concept model and not a ready to use
technology
To develop & test a device for geared two-wheeler only.
The two-wheeler considered for testing is: Bajaj Pulsar DTSi, 150cc
The economics aspect of the device is not being considered.
Also, aesthetical aspect of the design is being overlooked at this point
in time.
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Chapter 04
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Before designing our proposed center stand, we have considered the
following facts: The Vehicle should be stable enough so that there is no any
possibility of unbalancing;
The stand made should be able to take the weight of the vehicle;
The user should be able to park the vehicle in any terrain.
The lift force generated should be large
The pumping action should not be too large and should take
minimum number of strokes.
The weight added to the vehicle should be as minimum as
possible and hence need it to use a strong but light material.
The stand so developed should be cost effective as should not
put a lot of burden on the users pocket
The ground clearance should be large enough and the stand
should not touch humps while passing on the humps;
It should have a proper retracting system and the pump should
retract back while not in use;
There should be a proper place for the air pump so that the use
of air pump does not become a herculean task
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Chapter 05
COMPONENTS AVAILABILITY CONSTRAINTS

We tried to find a pneumatic jack for two wheelers but all the
pneumatic jack were very bulky and took a lot of space. Thus this idea
was rejected.
Then we went for an electro pneumatic jack which used an electrically
driven pump to drive the jack. Jack was available but it was bulky and
had a rating of 12 V 10 Amp. The battery available for the bike has a
rating of 12V 5Amp thus the bike battery cannot support the electro
pneumatic jack.
Figure 3: Eletro-Pneumatic Jack
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Then we went for a hydraulically driven pneumatic jack. It was very

bulky and had a very high rating. Plus it uses fluid which is not very
clean.
Figure 4: Hydraulic jack
Then we went for a scissor jack with actuators but this combination
has very low capacity plus the design is very complicated.
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Figure 5: Scissors Jack
Then we went to procure a 200 mm outer diameter and 180 mm inner

diameter cylinder. Fabrication very tough and needed to be very
accurate.
Finally we went for a Pneumatic Air Cylinder which was readily
available. It had a perfect stroke length and was very light. Thus it
suited our purpose perfectly.
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Figure 6: Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder
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Chapter 06
DESIGN
6.1. Data
Before designing the actual stand we calculated some standard result
on Bajaj Pulsar DTSi-150cc. This vehicle is the heaviest vehicle in its class.
We used standard load cells available in the market to make the
measurements and we used a standard manual to note down the various
dimensions.
WHEN BALANCING THE VEHICLE ON:

FRONT WHEEL = 686.7 N
REAR WHEEL = 815 N
CENTRE STAND = 1226.2N
GROUND CLEARANCE 165 mm (without stand)
GROUND CLEARANCE 215mm (with stand)
LENGHT 1990mm
WIDTH 790 mm
HEIGHT 1100 mm
WHEEL BASE 1320mm
MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS 2250mm
VEHICLE KERB WEIGHT 143kg
VEHICLE GROSS WEIGHT 273 kg
MAXIMUM SPEED 115kmph
CLIMBING ABILITY 28% AT 16 DEGREE MAX
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Figure 7: Measurement of Load on Rear Wheel

Load on Rear Wheel = 815 N
Figure 8: Measurement of total load on Center Stand

Load on center stand =1226.2N
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6.2. Design Calculation

Pressure needed to lift the bike
When the vehicle is balanced on the Rear wheel load on the rear wheel
is 815 N
Air - Pressure in the rear wheel is 35 psi equals 2.38 Bar (2.44
Kg/cm2)
Load on the centre stand equals1430 N
The pressure required to lift the vehicle at the centre is 63.25 psi =
4.36
Bar (4.4 Kg/cm2) 5 Bar (Approx).
The table given below is standard table given by JANATICS pneumatic and
it is used for the selection of required diameter and pressure to lift the
calculated load.
Bore
Dia
in
mm
Rod
Dia
in
mm
Working pressure in Bar

2
10
145
217
289
362
434
507
579
651
724
Retract 124
187
249
311
373
435
498
559
622
Extend
226
339
452
565
678
792
905
1018 1130
Retract 206
309
411
514
617
720
823
926
Extend
353
530
707
883
1060 1237 1413 1590 1767
Retract 317
476
634
793
`952 1110 1269 1427 1586
Extend
561
842
1122 1403 1683 1964 2244 2525 2805
Retract 525
787
1050 1312 1575 1837 2099 2362 2624
Extend
32
40
50
63
12
12
16
16
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1029
Extend
80
20
905
1357 1809 2262 2714 3167 3619 4071 4524
Retract 848
1272 1696 2120 2544 2919 3393 3817 4241
Extend
100
20
1414 2120 2827 3534 4241 4948 5655 6362 7068
Retract 1357 2036 2714 3393 4071 4750 5420 6107 6786
Considering 32mm Cylinder:

Radius(R) = 16mm = 0.016 m
Area(A) = * R2 = * 0.0162 = 0.000803 m2
Pressure(P) = 5 Bar = 500000 Pa
Net force(N) = P * A
N = 500000 * 0.000803 = 401.5 N
Considering 2 cylinders in place of the stand, the generated load is
401.5 * 2 = 803 N
Hence the cylinder chosen is not optimal and would fail.

Considering a single cylinder of 63mm:
We have,
R = 31.5 mm = 0.0315 m
A = * R2 = * 0.03152 = 0.00311 m2
Pressure = 5 Bar = 5000000 Pa
Net force = P * A = 500000 * 0.00311 m2 = 1555.96 N ( 158.9 Kg)
Hence the cylinder is optimal and will lift the required load.
Leg Pump Selection Criteria:
Required working pressure for the cylinder to lift the vehicle is 5 bar.
So choosing the standard leg pump of 80 psi = 5.63 Bar
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6.3. Pneumatic Circuit Diagram
Figure 9: Pneumatic Circuit Diagram
Fig. shows the pneumatic Circuit Diagram which is used in our proposed
manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center stand. The Pneumatic
cylinder is not connected directly to the pump . Bteween these two
components a Non -Return Valve has been used to prevent the air returning .
W weight is applied on the head of thre cylinder.
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Chapter 07
COMPONENTS OF THE PNEUMATIC CENTER

STAND
Double acting cylinder
Polyurethane pneumatic tube
Pneumatic male connector
Non return valve or one way valve
Leg pump
Spring
7.1. Double Acting Cylinder

Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders):
Figure 10: Air Cylinder
Double acting cylinders are mechanical devices which utilize the

power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocating linear
motion.
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Like hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders use the stored potential

energy of a fluid, in this case compressed air, and convert it into kinetic
energy as the air expands in an attempt to reach atmospheric pressure. This
air expansion forces a piston to move in the desired direction. The piston is a
disc or cylinder, and the piston rod transfers the force it develops to the
object to be moved. Engineers prefer to use pneumatics sometime because
they are quieter, cleaner, and do not require large amounts or space for fluid
storage.
7.2. Polyurethane Pneumatic Tube:
Figure 11: Pneumatic Tube
Pneumatic polyurethane tubing is suited for use in fuel lines,

pneumatic control systems and lubrication lines where the tube has to be
bent tightly without restricting the flow such as in confined spaces. Available
in OD sizes 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 & 12mm. Colors: Natural, Clear, Black, Red,
Green & Yellow.
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7.3. Pneumatic male connector:

It connects the pipe to cylinder.
Figure 12: Pneumatic male Connector
7.4. Non return valve or one way valve
Figure 13: Non Return Valve
Non-return valve or one-way valve is a mechanical device, a valve,

which normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one
direction.
Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in
the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are
various types of check valves used in a wide variety of applications. Check
valves are often part of common household items. Although they are
available in a wide range of sizes and costs, check valves generally are very
small, simple, and/or inexpensive. Check valves work automatically and
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most are not controlled by a person or any external control; accordingly,

most do not have any valve handle or stem. The bodies (external shells) of
most check valves are made of plastic or metal.
An important concept in check valves is the cracking pressure which
is the minimum upstream pressure at which the valve will operate. Typically
the check valve is designed for and can therefore be specified for a specific
cracking pressure.
7.5. Spring
Figure 14: Spring
It is used for the purpose of automatically retracting the stand to its

initial position. The spring material used must be of high tension and should
possess good wear characteristic.
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7.6. Leg Pump

The pressure inside the pneumatic cylinder is increased with the help
of leg pump. The required pressure is 5.5 bar in our project so, we are using
leg pump of 80 psi capacity.
Figure 15: Leg Pump(80 Psi)
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Chapter 08
COMPONENTS DRAWING
8.1. Cylinder
Figure 16: Pneumatic Cylinder
Figure shows the 2-D and 3-D drawing of air cylinder. All the dimensions
required have been indicated on the drawing.
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8.2. U Clamp
Figure 17: U- Clamp and Shaft
Design of U clamp-It is designed to take the whole load of the bike and it
also couples the bike to cylinder with the help of shaft. The material used for
u clamp is cast iron.
8.3. Truss
Design of truss: Firstly we had designed a l clamp to attach a projection for
the spring use, such that it retracts to its original position very accurately and
precisely. But due to excessive tension in the spring it bends after that we
have designed a truss such that the load is distributed and can take load
easily.
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Figure 18: Truss
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8.4. Assembly of Parts
Fig 8: Assembled Center Stand

Figure shows the 2-D and 3-D drawing of assembly parts. This is our final
design of the working Center Stand.
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Chapter 09
MACHINING PROCESS INVOLVED

Drilling
Welding
Grinding and Chipping
Drilling: Drilling is carried out on U clamp for coupling the stand with
the bike and on L clamp for the accommodation of bolt used.
Figure 19: Drilling Process is Carried out in our College Lab
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Welding: It is carried out to fabricate the U and L clamp.
Figure 20: Arc welding in our College Lab
Grinding and Chipping: This process is used to remove undesirable

material from the fabricated parts.
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Chapter 10
TESTING
Testing has been done on Pulsar DTSi150. We have not made any
modification in the existing two-wheeler. The whole process of putting the
bike on center stand is as simple as earlier except pulling. The stand is
pushed towards the ground and after that 2-3 strokes of leg pump is given.
The bike is lifted to the desired height. This height is around 8-9 cm.
Figure 21: Testing of Center Stand in our College Lab
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Chapter 11
RESULT
Snapshot:
Figure 22: Position of Center Stand When the Bike is in motion
Figure 23: Bike in Lifted Position
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Chapter 12
HIGHLIGHTS AND KNOWN ISSUES

12.1. Highlights
Design is very simple, standard cylinders and components can be
used.
Control of pneumatic system is also very easy.
Pneumatics cylinder tends to have longer operating lives and little
maintenance.
Because the gas is compressible system is less likely to be damaged by
shock.
The pneumatic absorb excessive force where as fluid of hydraulic
transfer force in contact.
Very low chance of fire compared to hydraulic.
Pneumatic cylinder provides a cushioning effect to bike.
Cylinders are easily replaceable.
The fluid used is in abundance and free.
The cost of used cylinder and pump is not much higher in comparison
to used conventional stand and it can be further reduce by mass
production.
This system can also be used as a Jack by service mechanics when
they want to do some repair works.
12.2. Known Issues

Adds weight to the Vehicle, it may cause drop in mileage.
Takes more time to apply the center stand because of pumping
process.
Possibility of drop in air pressure over long cycles of usages.
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Installation of leg pump in the bike is a problem.

This design is aesthetically very poor.
This design may not be suitable for all types of 2-wheelers.
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Chapter 13
GALLERY
Figure 24: Our Project in Bangalore Mirror
The above clipping appeared in 11th May 2011 edition of Bangalore Mirror paper. The
project was one among many displayed during the project exhibition held in our
department on 10th May 2011.
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Chapter 14
CONCLUSION
With the help of this project it has been successfully demonstrated
that, the existing center-stand for any two-wheeler can be replaced by a
pneumatic system. Hence, the parking of a two-wheeler on a center stand can
be made much easier with the help of this and hence can solve lot of parking
/ parking space related problems.
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Chapter 15
FUTURE SCOPE
Within the available time-frame, considering the constraints of our
know-how & expertise, we have been able to come this far. But, certainly
there is huge scope for future improvements. The same are being listed
below:
This design is currently applicable only to Bajaj Pulsar DTSi,
150cc bikes. It can be modified in such a manner that it is
suitable for other types of two-wheelers also.
The current design of the stand is bulky in nature. It has to be

refined to make it look sleek so that its overall weight is
reduced.
Currently about 2-3 cycles of pumping action is required to

make the bike stand completely on center-stand. This can still
be improved so that only 1 pumping cycle is sufficient park the
bike.
A lot of work needs to be done to make this technology look

aesthetically more appealing.
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REFERENCES
1) PERVEZ, Bharucha, AUTOMATIC TWO WHEELER STAND,
PATENTSCOPE, 2008
2) The Analysis and Design of Pneumatic Systems by Blaine Wright
Andersen
3) Basic Pneumatics by Jay F. Hooper
4) Design of Machine Elements by JBK Das
5) Design Data Hand Book by K Lingaiah
6) Hydraulics and Pneumatics, Second Edition by Andrew Parr
7) Theory of Machines by SS Rattan
8) Machine Dynamics by Henry J. Sneck
9) Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction William D.
Callister
10) Auto Fundamentals by Martin T. Stockel
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Project Report

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Ravi Kumar Singh (1DS07ME077)

Samresh Jalan (1DS07ME080)

Under the guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Name of The Examiners

Signature With Date

of Visvesvaraya Technological University,

Ravi Kumar Singh

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Dept of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Ravi Kumar Singh

Dept of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Dept of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Dept of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Dept of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

1.2. Problem Statement

Dept. of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Dept. of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Dept. of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

horizontal to vertical could be done by any means like a combination of rack

Figure 1: Automatic Pneumatic Center Stand

The different parts indicated in the figure are as follows:

:- Oil inlet port

:- Oil inlet port

:-Mounting base plate

Dept. of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

:- The Mounting pipe

:- Slider rail guide plate

:-The upper pin

:- Locking plate mechanism

:- Slider rail guide

41A, 41B :-two hollow pipes

The Hydraulic pump is of the reversible type and capable of supplying

Dept. of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

2.2. Theory of Pneumatics

Dept. of Mech. Engg., DSCE

electrically-powered compressor that

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

powers cylinders and other pneumatic devices through solenoid valve is

2.3. Comparison to Hydraulics

2.4. Pneumatic Advantage

Dept. of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand

Pascal's law states that when there is an increase in pressure at any

Figure 2: Pneumatic Advantage

The formulas that relate to this are shown below:

Dept. of Mech. Engg., DSCE

Manually Operated Pneumatically Driven Center Stand