Nicole Marshall

HW #1

MAE 5240 Solar Energy Analysis

9 February 2016

1.5) Calculate the angle of incidence of the beam solar radiation at 1400 (2
PM) solar time on February 10 at latitude 43.3 on surfaces of the following
orientations:
cos=sinsincos sincossincos + coscoscoscos+ cossinsincoscos +cossinsinsin
n = 41
= 43.3

=23.45 sin 360

284+n
=14.90
365

= (15/hr)*(2 hours after noon) = 30

a) Horizontal
= 0
= 0
cos=sin (14.90 ) sin ( 43.3 ) cos ( 0 )sin (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) sin ( 0 ) cos ( 0 )+ cos (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) cos ( 0 ) co

(0.257 )( 0.686 )( 1 ) (0.257 )( 0.728 )( 0 )( 1 ) + ( 0.966 ) ( 0.728 ) ( 1 )( 0.866 )+ ( 0.966 ) ( 0.686 ) ( 0 ) (1 ) ( 0.866 ) + ( 0.9
0.1760+ 0.609+0+0=0.433

=cos1 ( 0.433 )=64.36

b) sloped to south at 60
= 60
= 0
cos=sin (14.90 ) sin ( 43.3 ) cos ( 60 )sin (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) sin ( 60 ) cos ( 0 ) +cos (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) cos ( 60

(0.257 )( 0.686 )( 0.5 )(0.257 ) ( 0.728 ) ( 0.866 ) (1 )+ ( 0.966 )( 0.728 )( 0.5 )( 0.866 ) + ( 0.966 )( 0.686 )( 0.866 )( 1 )
0.088(0.162 ) +0.305+0.497+ 0=0.875
=cos1 ( 0.875 )=28.90

c) Slope of 60, facing 40 west of south

= 60
= 40
cos=sin (14.90 ) sin ( 43.3 ) cos ( 60 )sin (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) sin ( 60 ) cos ( 40 )+ cos (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) cos ( 6

(0.257 )( 0.686 )( 0.5 )(0.257 ) ( 0.728 ) ( 0.866 ) (0.766)+ ( 0.966 ) ( 0.728 ) ( 0.5 ) ( 0.866 ) + ( 0.966 ) ( 0.686 ) ( 0.86
0.088(0.124 )+ 0.305+0.381+0.269=0.990
=cos1 ( 0.990 )=8.00
d) Vertical, facing south

Nicole Marshall
HW #1

MAE 5240 Solar Energy Analysis

9 February 2016

= 90
= 0
cos=sin (14.90 ) sin ( 43.3 ) cos ( 90 )sin (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) sin ( 90 ) cos ( 0 )+ cos (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) cos ( 90

(0.257 )( 0.686 )( 0 )(0.257 ) ( 0.728 ) ( 1 )( 1 ) + ( 0.966 ) ( 0.728 ) ( 0 ) ( 0.866 ) + ( 0.966 ) ( 0.686 ) ( 1 ) (1 ) ( 0.866 ) + ( 0.9
0 (0.187 )+ 0+0.574+ 0=0.761
=cos1 ( 0.761 )=40.44

e) Vertical, facing west

= 90
= 90
cos=sin (14.90 ) sin ( 43.3 ) cos ( 90 )sin (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) sin ( 90 ) cos ( 90 )+ cos (14.90 ) cos ( 43.3 ) cos ( 9

(0.257 )( 0.686 )( 0 )(0.257 ) ( 0.728 ) ( 1 )( 0 )+ ( 0.966 )( 0.728 )( 0 )( 0.866 )+ ( 0.966 )( 0.686 )( 1 ) ( 0 ) ( 0.866 ) + ( 0.9
00+0+0+ 0.483=0.483
=cos1 ( 0.483 )=61.11

1.6)
a) When it is 2 PM MST on February 3 in North Platte, NE (L = 101 W, =
41.1 N), what is the solar time?
Lloc = 101
Lst = 105
Standard time = 14:00
n = 34
360
360
B=( n1 )
=( 341 )
=32.55
365
365

( )

( )

E=229.2 ( 0.000075+0.001868 cosB0.032077 sinB0.014615 cos 2 B0.04089 sin 2 B )

229.2 ( 0.000075+ 0.001868cos ( 32.55 )0.032077sin ( 32.55 )0.014615cos ( 232.55 )0.04089s

0.017+0.3613.9551.4118.501=13.489

solar time=standard time+ 4 ( Lst Lloc ) + E=14 :00+ 4 ( 105101 ) + (13.489 )=14 :00+ 2.5=14 : 03=2 :0
b) When it is 2 PM MST in Boise, ID (L = 116 W, = 43.6 N), on
February 3, what is the solar time?
Lloc = 116
Lst = 105
Standard time = 14:00

Nicole Marshall
HW #1

MAE 5240 Solar Energy Analysis

9 February 2016
n = 34

B=( n1 )

360
=( 341 ) (
=32.55
( 360
)
365
365 )

E=229.2 ( 0.000075+0.001868 cosB0.032077 sinB0.014615 cos 2 B0.04089 sin 2 B )

229.2 ( 0.000075+ 0.001868cos ( 32.55 )0.032077sin ( 32.55 )0.014615cos ( 232.55 )0.04089s

0.017+0.3613.9551.4118.501=13.489

solar time=standard time+ 4 ( Lst Lloc ) + E=14 :00+ 4 ( 105116 ) + (13.489 )=14 :004413.5=14 :00
c) What Eastern Daylight Time corresponds to solar noon on July 31 for
Portland, ME (L = 70.5 W, = 43.7)?
Lloc =70.5
Lst = 75
Solar time = 12:00
n = 212
360
360
B=( n1 )
=( 2121 )
=208
365
365

( )

( )

E=229.2 ( 0.000075+0.001868 cosB0.032077 sinB0.014615 cos 2 B0.04089 sin 2 B )

229.2 ( 0.000075+ 0.001868cos ( 208 )0.032077sin ( 208 )0.014615cos ( 2208 ) 0.04089sin ( 2

standard time=solar time4 ( L st Lloc ) E=12 :004 (7570.5 )(6.55 ) =12:0018+7=12: 0011
d) What Central Daylight Time corresponds to 10:00 AM on July 31 for Iron
Mountain, MI (L = 90 W, = 45.8 N)?
Lloc =90
Lst = 90
Solar time = 10:00
n = 212
B=( n1 )

360
=( 341 ) (
=208
( 360
)
365
365 )

E=229.2 ( 0.000075+0.001868 cosB0.032077 sinB0.014615 cos 2 B0.04089 sin 2 B )

229.2 ( 0.000075+ 0.001868cos ( 208 )0.032077sin ( 208 )0.014615cos ( 2208 ) 0.04089sin ( 2

standard time=solar time4 ( L st Lloc ) E=10 :004 ( 9090 )(6.55 )=10 :000+7=12 :00+7=10

Nicole Marshall
HW #1

MAE 5240 Solar Energy Analysis

9 February 2016

1.7) Determine the sunset hour angle and day length for Madison and for
Miami for the following dates:
cos s=tantan
Madison=43.3
Miami=25.8
a) January 1
n=1
284+n
=23.45 sin 360
=23.01
365

Madison:
cos s=tan ( 43.3 )tan (23.01 ) =0.40
s=cos1 ( 0.40 )=66.41
day length=

s2 ( 66.41 )2
=
=8.85 hours
15
15

Miami:
cos s=tan ( 25.8 )tan (23.01 )=0.21
s=cos1 ( 0.21 ) =78.15
day length=

s2 ( 78.15 )2
=
=10.42hours
15
15

b) March 22
n = 81

=23.45 sin 360

284+n
0
365

Madison:
cos s=tan ( 43.3 )tan(0)=0
s=cos1 ( 0 )=90
day length=

s2 ( 90 )2
=
=12 hours
15
15

Miami:

Nicole Marshall
HW #1

MAE 5240 Solar Energy Analysis

9 February 2016

cos s=tan ( 25.8 )tan ( 0 )=0

1
s=cos ( 0 )=90

day length=

s2 ( 90 )2
=
=12 hours
15
15

c) July 1
n = 182

=23.45 sin 360

284+n
=23.12
365

Madison:
cos s=tan ( 43.3 )tan ( 23.12 )=0.40
s=cos1 (0.40 )=113.72
day length=

s2 ( 113.72 )2
=
=15.16 hours
15
15

Miami:
cos s=tan ( 25.8 )tan ( 23.12 ) =0.21
s=cos1 (0.21 )=101.91
day length=

s2 ( 101.91 )2
=
=13.59 hours
15
15

d) Mean day of February

n =47
284+n
=23.45 sin 360
=12.95
365

Madison:
cos s=tan ( 43.3 )tan (12.95 ) =0.22
s=cos1 ( 0.22 ) =77.48
day length=

s2 ( 77.48 )2
=
=10.33 hours
15
15

Miami:
cos s=tan ( 25.8 )tan (12.95 )=0.11
1
s=cos ( 0.11 )=83.62

Nicole Marshall
HW #1
day length=

MAE 5240 Solar Energy Analysis

9 February 2016

s2 ( 83.62 )2
=
=11.15 hours
15
15

S0.1)
Location: Hartford, CT
Cost of natural gas: $12.50/1000 ft3
Cost of electricity: 12.67 cents/kWh

Slop
e

Are
a

Total
System
Load (MJ)

Auxiliary
Energy
(MJ)

Annua
l Solar
Fracti
on

Collecto
r
Efficien
cy

Aux
Energy
w/o
solar aux
energy
w solar

30

154750

142600

8%

50%

12150

$
923.64

30

25

154700

112650

27%

36%

42050

$
3,196.64

30

50

154650

90100

42%

29%

64550

$
4,907.09

30

75

154650

74550

52%

25%

80100

$
6,089.20

45

154750

142450

8%

51%

12300

$
935.05

45

25

154700

110600

29%

38%

44100

$
3,352.48

45

50

154700

85850

45%

31%

68850

$
5,233.98

45

75

154700

68500

56%

26%

86200

$
6,552.92

60

154750

143150

8%

51%

11600

$
881.83

60

25

154750

111000

28%

39%

43750

$
3,325.88

60

50

154750

85350

45%

32%

69400

$
5,275.79

Electricit
y
Savings

Natural
Gas
Savings
$
1,439.5
0
$
4,981.9
6
$
7,647.7
0
$
9,490.0
2
$
1,457.2
7
$
5,224.8
4
$
8,157.1
5
$
10,212.
73
$
1,374.3
3
$
5,183.3
7
$
8,222.3
1

Nicole Marshall
HW #1

MAE 5240 Solar Energy Analysis

9 February 2016

60

75

154750

66950

57%

28%

87800

$
6,674.56

75

154750

144600

7%

51%

10150

$
771.60

75

25

154750

114650

26%

40%

40100

$
3,048.40

75

50

154750

91500

41%

33%

63250

$
4,808.27

75

75

154750

73600

52%

29%

81150

$
6,169.02

$
10,402.
29
$
1,202.5
4
$
4,750.9
3
$
7,493.6
8
$
9,614.4
2

Solar Fraction vs. Collector Area

60%
50%
40%

Annual Solar Fraction

30%
20%
10%
0%
0

10

20

30

40

50

Collector Area (m2)

Slope 30

Slope 45

Slope 60

Slope 75

60

70

80