14 Use only one word to filt in each of the numbered blanks. Surprisingly to most people, postal services have (1) . in some parts of the world for thousands of years. There is some (2) ..- that a postal service existed amang the Assyrians and Babylonians. (8) .n..0.n.-nn- China a regular postal service was (4) .. one i the 7th century B.C., and over the centuries attained such a high (6) ... “ot efficiency that about 2,000 years alter (6) snes nnsnseie MSEAUHION IE (2) ne snsseseesen the admiration of travellers (8) ‘$ Marco Polo. Efficlent and highly developed oostal services were (9) . established in the Persian and Roman empires. These services in (10)... times ware mainly Confined (11) ...u.....the use ofthe state: private citizens Made (12)... OfSlaves, the couriers of other countries and merchants, t0 (18) sn:runnmnsnnn MESSAGES and documents. In Medieval Europe, postal services were organised by emperors and by the papacy, (14) ....0---00-~ private citizens continued to entrust their correspondence to (18) ... kinds of travellers, Later, towards the 13th century, the universities and towns came to have their (16) con messengers. It was not (17)... the 14th century that merchants, the private citizens who had the greatest (18) of a speedy and regular exchange of correspondence, began 10 Set (19) on uosssnnnn FeuIar COUrier services. The needs of business (20) ..unnnunnne 10 the organising of the postal service as we know it today. (" Phrasal Verbs 1 15 Fit in the correct preposition or adverb. act up: behave awkwardly or 1. I don’t think his statement bears on this case. badly 2, You can't change your mind now. It's too late to back the deat. 3. The plant manager answers directly Bee a oC noc sun the head of the company. , 4, TLWas prepared 10 BACK wns NOT Sew (6D) Sach sspean Lee Ace Slory because knew itavas ihe Wath. 5. The baby has been acting wee all answer for : be responsible for sth day. | think she must be teathing, answer to : beunder the command 6, The murderer will answer tis of sb crimes in the highest court in the land. 7. Faced with such formidable opposition to his. cease to oppose plans, he had no choice but to back ...... 8. The teacher accused him of answering her ure rego .. when he attempted to explain what he had been doing. a 9, YOU CAN DEAT crmmnenssinn ME A little be relevant to longer, fil tell you the rest of the story. 10, After a'violent attack in the press on thelr bear with tolerate watfare policies, the Conservatives answered consmnssnnnnne With @ Statement Of thelr reforms since taking office. Phrasal Verbs 2 16 fitin one of the prepositions or adverbs from the box below, then give @ synonym for each phresal verb, beneath - off = up to - in for - in with - down on - out - on - down with - into 1. Susan gets all the perks because she's in with the administration. 2. She TEES BIS. ssnnninennnnn MOF 40 SOcialise With uneducated people. 3. As an ex-smoker, Paul is people who smoke. 4. He'll be itwhen his parents discover he took the money. 5. Hall the staff are... .u. the flu this week. What other meanings 6. She doesn't eat crisps of chocolate: She's eecunuesesnnne Health foods, a" you find for 7. Our dog has been asses I$ food for days now. a) be up to, 8. Do you know what's sonensuee atthe cinema tonight?) be: uly 98. Idon't know what he's been...........-» but he looks very embarassed. ©) be off 10. The roses have been .... vs for a few days now.be beneath sb =to be demeaning be down on=tobe hostile tozb bbe down with =to bell (witha disease) be in for it=to be about to receive punishment / trouble be in favour with; share secrets with (aiclometi all but : nearly, almost all in: exhausted all told : altogether for all: in spite of of all people: used to express annoyance / surprise all along from the beginning all the same: yet, however alt in all : when everything is, considered for all | know : for all care : as far as | know Idon't care Idioms 2 to take sth Into account : to consider sth ‘on account of : because of on no account : in no circumstances on this/that account : for this / that reason ‘on the air : broadcasting (opp.: off the air) in the air: 1) uncertain, 2) spreading about to clear the air : to get rid of suspicion or bad feeling to be up in arms : to be very angry on the alert : on the look-out, expecting sth be into = (informal) to take an interest in sth ‘cease to want or be interested in sth beshown on television, at the cinema etc. 17 Fill in the blanks with one of the idioms. 1. I've all but finished; just give me a few minutes. 2. He's promised to come to the party on Fridays oon | 6on't believe him, 3. his hard work he didn't get a promotion. 4. [don't know how they found out, but they've known about it 6. I've been reading the newspapers and . I think the government will win the election. 6. She told me her name was Joan but srnisnennnnnanee SHE COUM be lying. 7. Iden’ think Ill go out tonight. $'m .... 8. | never expected you, . say such a thing! 9. Of course you can't live with us! you can live in the street! 10. snaomenneny there were 50 people at the party, but not everyone stayed the whole evening. 18 Fill in the blanks with one of the idioms, 1. Instead of bottling up your feelings, let's have a good talk and clear the air. 2. There's talk . of a possible stock-marketeras| 3. The villagers are wan about the proposed motorway. 4, haven't been able to travel much lately my car having broken down 5. His future is Still Up neneeneng HE can't decide whetne to become a surgeon or 4 psychiatrist. 6. YOU MUSt wnnnnrrsnene HIS educational back: ground when deciding what work to give him. 7. The meeting tomorrow is very important; sss Must you be late, 8. There's been a storm in Manila, so we won't be going there on holiday 9. You can't go into the studio just yet as the programme is slill ....... 10. The police are always ser for terrorists, particularly at airports.