communication skills in

HINDI
I SEMESTER
Common Course
BA/B.Sc.
(CUCBCSS - 2014 Admission)

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Calicut university P.O, Malappuram Kerala, India 673 635.

513

School of Distance Education

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
STUDY MATERIAL
I SEMESTER
COMMON COURSE FOR B.A./B.Sc

COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN HINDI

Prepared by:

Smt. Vanaja K.G.

Head of the Department,
Associate Professor,
Department of Hindi,
Zamorins Guruvayurappan College, Calicut

Scrutinised by :

Dr.N.Girija,
Associate Professor of Hindi,
Govt. Arts & Science College, Calicut

Type setting and Lay out

Computer Section, SDE

Reserved
Communication Skills in Hindi

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School of Distance Education

Module-1

Hindi Bhasha Ka Swaroop Vikas

Evam Sameeksha Sidhanth. -

xn E { E

Module 2 Hindi Bhasha Ka Swaroop Vikas

Evam Sameeksha Sidhanth

Module 3

S E xn

Module 4 EKANKI SUMAN

Communication Skills in Hindi

- xn E z {

12
16
25

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Communication Skills in Hindi

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School of Distance Education

Hindi Bhasha Ka Swaroop Vikas

Evam Sameeksha Sidhanth.

Module-1
1.xn

E { E-

paragraph questions& answers.

1.xn

E xEh xv z S { |E bB*

(=)xn n E xv Ei n xv x Vi * xv xv xn
E Ei l, + = +v { =E +{ E E xv, E x
E xv x xv E Ex M* xv n <x VE 'xn' +
'xn' M + <E +l + xv |n* n <x v-v i
E +vE M {Si i M, + < n E +l i i M
il xn n E v v { i E SE M* < <x E <E
|i Mx xnE x VE +l , xn E* xx n <xbE
+OW n <xb +n < xnE E Ei { * xn xnE E
{ii { , + <E +l xn E * < i xn n +{x
ii +l xn |n Vx +` E tiE *
2. xn

n E + Eix +l |M , C C ?

(=) xn n E + ix +l |M * (1) xn +{x {E

+l xn |n Vx +` E E x * +V
xn n E |M < +l * (2) EU M E {S xn
il { xn E xn xi , V E +V E n x * (3)
EU M iE xn V {x`i xn xE xn V E
x Vx Vi *
3.

xn E |J + ={+ E I{i {S nVB*

(=) xn i E -M E + <E E i 1000

< E +vxE iE * <E { E vi * xn E
{S |J ={ -- Vlx, {S xn, { xn,
Communication Skills in Hindi

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School of Distance Education

(1)

Vlx- Vlx E + v|n E {S Ij Vi

* <E S |J -- b, V{, i, *

(2)

{S xn- < ={ M E +iMi Jb,V, h,

n,+ ExV E Mhx i * xb + nCJx xn <
E +iMi +i *

(3)

{ xn- ={ { M Vi * <B < { xn

Ei * <E =i{k Mv +{ x Vi * <E +xiMi ix
J + =xE E Mhx i --- +v, P +
UkMf*

(4)

xn-- { xn il M E S E Ij Vi * <
E +xiMi V{, M, l, +n ={+ E Mhx i *

(5)

{b xn-- x +{ xE * <x {S {b
xn il vi {b xn- n M ] V Ei *

ME n xn E Ij E E ?
(=) ME n xn E Ij , Vlx, h, =k|n,
S|n,=kJhb, UkMg,il {V E EU iE + *
{ Ij xn - Ij E x Vx Vi * ME o] xn
E Ij E i SE *
5. iE n xn E i { S EVB*
iE n xn E b i * iE n B il
+i , Vx iE Sx E M< * V- l, Vlx, +v,
V, il Jb* <x + il E J iE - t{i,
Sxnn<, in, n, , +-J, ixn Sxp, +v
il < + J +n*
6. +VE xn E |M Ex Ex Ij nJx E i ?
+VE xn E |M E, xn +x nJx E
i * <E |M i , Yx ,|x , VxS , x ,
E +n Ij nJx E i *
4.

Communication Skills in Hindi

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ESSAY QUESTION

School of Distance Education

xn E =n + E E ii {S nVB*
xn E =n |Sx + + * = E x nE Ei
n * @Mn <E Ji +v * xn E E E ix
{x xvi

1- |Sx i + E( <.{.1500-500)* < {x E +iMi nE

Ei + EE Ei +i *
vEx i + E-(<.{.500 x 1000 iE)* < {x E
+iMi +E E +J E , {, |Ei + +{ +i *
2-

3-+vxE

i + E-( x1000 <. +V iE)* < {x E +iMi

xn, M, MVi, `, {V, {b, +n +i * xn E
=n x +{, Mv +{ il +v-+{ E xi { + *
xn E E i Vx + E E i{h * +V
xn n-n + n E +{x {h xxi Ei V *
xn E xv +vxE i + E
(x 1000<. +V iE) * < Eh,xn il +x +vxE i +
+ E =n 1000 <. E +{ x Vi *
+vxE i + +vxE i + + E =i{k x 1000 <. E
+{ +{ < * < E E + E +V iE x M *
1000 <. E +{ +{ M {i i + xn, `, M, MVi,
{V +n +xE +vxE i + + E =i{k i *
< E +{ il =x =ni +vxE + + E xx { nJx
E i *1.x
{S xn, Vlx, {b, MVi *
2. Mv +, =b, M, *
3. +v Mv
{ xn *
4. ] ` *
5. Sb
xv * (6) {S
{V, n*
Communication Skills in Hindi

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< {] E +vxE + + E E +{ il =E
v { + * +V xn ii{ , E = { , V E
i |H + + E xi { * +i: +Vxn {
i E EU + E x E i + E +vE *
Exn E E E ix E ] V Ei ----1. +nE--1000

<. 1500 <. iE *

2. vE---1500 <. 1800 <. iE*
3. +vxE E --- 1800 <. +V iE *
+nE-- (1000 <.-1500 <.)
xn +{x +nE i +{ E i xE]l,
C E = xn E =n + l* +nEx xn E |J i
--------1.

+{ E +` l, l- +, +, <, <, = ,>, B ,+ *

+nEx xn n x E +Mx +- B, + ,VxE =SSh
+B , + ++ l*

2.

S-U -V- Z Ei, {, |Ei + +{ { Vx l* Ex

+nEx xn { P M*

3.

Ei, {, |Ei + +{ x--- nxi l, M +nEx

xn i M*

4.

+nEx xn c-g x< vx E +Mx + V { x l*

x{E M +nEx xn {i M l* < E i

Sx J { bM, {M,l,+v,V, nCJx il i {
nJx E i * < E |J SxE ------ MJxl, t{i,
Sxnn<, x{i x, E, JV n xV +n*
4.

Communication Skills in Hindi

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School of Distance Education

vE-(1500<.-- 1800 <.

< E E xn +{ E | MM {i M
l* xn E -V, +v, Jb +n ij { Ei x M
l* < E E xn E J i
1. vEx xn E {S x Vx E +Mx +-(F,K,N, W, )
2. vEx xn ni '+' E =SSh { M +li E
=SSh M*
3. +nEx xn E ix vEx xn +vE MiE M*
4. < E ii n E J E g M<*
5. { + E {iM, {x, x,+OW +n + E n E
j + M l*
vE v + H E | E Eh +v,
il V + i Sx <* < E E J iE V,
n, , in, E n , h, n +n *
6. +vxE E-(1800 <.-- +V iE)
+vxE E +E Jb x n {
+{x |i nJE , =x{ +E M n + i Sx E B +{x
+{ E I x * < E E +v + V { Jb E |
nJx E i * +vxE E E i -----1. +, E F,K, N E |M E il W, E |M +vE x
M*
2. +OW E | E Eh BE xB + E +Mx M* V
+,E, EV +n n *
3. < E { E xSi - M*
4. < E xn {hi MiE M<*
5. < E E xn V + ] E n MW +
<E Ij {E SE + i V *
Communication Skills in Hindi

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One word questions & answers

1.xn n E xv Ei n---------- x Vi *
(=) xv *
2.xn +{x {E +l xn |n Vx------- E
E x *
=) 18.
3.] n E +OW { C ?
=) National Language.
4. xE xn E +OW |i{ C ?
=) Standard
5.V n E +OW |i{ C ?
=) Official Language.
6.xn E |J ={B Eix ?
=) {S *
7. n E ------- *
=) V *
8. in E ---------- *
=) +v *
9. ui E { xn E |M E E i ?
=) ], MVi, {V, M *
10. +bx-xE E V ---- *
=) xn *
11. xn E =i{k ---- < *
=) |Sx + *
12. |Sx + E x Vx Vi ?
=) nE Ei *
13. |Sx + E |Sxi { E i ?
=) @Mn *
Communication Skills in Hindi

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14. xn E =n --- <. E +{ x Vi *

=) x 1000<. *
15. +vxE i + E E E iE x Vi ?
=) x 1000 <. + iE*
16. +vxE i + E =i{k --- < *
=) +{ *
17. +{ Eix l ?
=) +` *
18. +nEx xn ---- *
=) MiE* ( +{ MiE l*)

---------------------------------------------

Communication Skills in Hindi

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Module - 2

xn E z {
Paragraph questions & Answers--------.
1.S

E E i C + =E Eix n ?

S E V vE M i , Zi ,il
+{ S iSi E B +{xi , S E E x
Vx Vi * x { S E ( xn) E n { nJx E
i --- 1. {x`i xE {, 2. vh + S E {*
2.

xE xn C ii{ ?

xn E xE {x`i { E V iE xv , Eh
u xji il +xi i * xn E iE SxiE {
, V Eh u xji * xn E < { E Ij i * CE
{x`i xE xn E xv E {g-J il rV M
+ < { E |M Ei *
3. S

E E i C C ?

S E xn E Ij =E n { E ix +vE {E *
S E E +E x E Eh u +xi *
S E E { {x`i xE , +E x*
S E E { i +vE i * S E
lx E {] i .* S E E { xi
Ei B {ix i * <E E< x i*
4. ]

E C C Mh ?

] E ] E |ixvi Ei * <E u E ] E =
E v ] E i + Vx {Sx Vi *E<
] E {n { i +x Ei ,V E ] n E {Sx
E Ii {h * E ] E E< V +vE +vE
Communication Skills in Hindi

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Vxi u {g,J, il Z Vi , ] E {n { `
Ei *
5. ] E i C C x SB *
] V B x SB* = Mi il {]i x SB*
O x SB* S x SB* ] E E< E|
B x SB* ] E i il Ei E |iE x
SB* ] E ] E +i E Mh {z x *
.V C ii{ + =E i C C ?

V E x +l , VEV E E EEV E *
E { VE u VE E ( E E) Sx v *
V vxE xi |{i EB i * V E i
+ n {E i * <E i + n E niW
i * V E xv j |x * <E |M Ij i i *
V E n BElE + xSlE + Ei *
. S xn { ]{{h JB*

+VE xn S v E x E Eh S E x
Vx Vi * S v E { S {j, b, nnx, ]x,
, E{], {j-{jE, {iE, ]{Eb, E] +n +i * S
E i v E ix M Vi E Ei --------o S v -- < v E +xiMi nnx, b il
+n +i *
1.

n S v -- < v E +xiMi S {j, {j-{jE il

{iE +n +i * ]x + C <E +xiMi +i *
2.

S v -- S E < v E +xiMi b, E] il
]{Eb +n +i * ]x, +n < v E
3.

Communication Skills in Hindi

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School of Distance Education

+xiMi +i * S E x E + vh
Vxi E i *
Essay question & answer.

{E E i { { ii h nVB*
z - M E S {E xv Jx E B V E
|M i , {E * {E E ix i { *
1.+xiV {E , 2. ] {E , 3.+xi] {E *
1.+xiV {E -BE V n V {E vx E B V E |M
Ei +xiV {E Ei * < i { {E E
n { i * 1. {E E { xn* 2. {E E { +OW*
xn - V |n E {E xn * +xn
- V E {E xn E + +OW +vE *
2.] {E -] i { V V E Exp E {E vi i
xn + +OW nx + E |M nJx E i * +xn -
V BE n V il Exp E {E vx E B {E E
{ +vEi +OW E |M Ei *
3.+xi] {E -+xi] i { +li n n {E vx E B V E
|M E Vi +xi] {E Ei * +xi] i {
+OW E l l Sx, , , +n + E {E E {
|M i *

Communication Skills in Hindi

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One word questions & Answers.--1.

xE E +OW { C ?
Standard language

2.

E E +OW |i{ C ?
Lingua franca.

3.

V E +OW |i{ C ?
State language.

4. xn

E { -- *
nxM*
5. i E vx E E +xSUn P E V E { xn E
Pi E ?
+v 17 +xSUn 343.*
6. xn n E xi ?
14 i E *
7. xn E P E V E { xi E |{i < ?
14 i 1949
8.S n +OW E ---- n E {S *
communication.
9. S

E b i C ?
S + vh Vxi E i *
10. E Ei ?
S x E v , VE u H +{x +{ E
+H Ei *
11. {E E +OW |i{ C ?
Link language.
12.

S v C C ?
b, E], ]{Eb, ]x, +n S v *
13. o S v C C ?
nnx, , b +n o S v *
14.V E +OW |i{ C ?
Official language.
15.]

E B +OW n------- *
National language.

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(Module-3)

S E xn
EU xxB
1.Ei Gi E l iSi
nExn

- ++, ++, i E ( i ) C SB?

Jn( OE)

- Z xn Eh + BEE x SB* C +{ E
{ Eh E E< +SU Ei ?

nExn

- C x* E |i +< * i * Zx
E< iE x M* ,<E n n { *

OE

- Z BE E + BE {iE SB*

nExn
SB?

- i i E E + {iE * i Ex

OE

- Z E nVB + 200 {` {iE*

nExn

- +SU, Ei,E + {iE* + EU SB?

OE

- <ix E * EB E E Eix { B?

nExn

- BEE x 45 {,Eh 10 {, E 10 {
+ {iE 15 {* E E 80 {*

OE

- VB { * E { n nVB*

nExn

- E , {* + x x x*

OE

- +SU, vxn*

--------------------------------------------------------------

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2.V + bC] E l iSi

V

- xi bC] *

bC]

- xi, `B,C Ei +{E?

- Z J * E E J * nn E E
E` { +i *

bC]

- C nn ?

- ,bC], nn *

bC]

- P<B i* Vn `E VBM* +{E S nx E B

n nM* +M E x + i S nx E n +x*

- bC], Z J + { i +vE * Ex E< Jx

+SU x Mi*

bC]

- +{ {x i V<B* J E i iE E Jx
J<B* i SW Ub nVB* +{ EB M + i
ni * M Vx E n + <E BE Phb n i
{x SB* B Ex +{E Vn `E VBM*

- +{E Sx Z lb J * V ,+{ E ?

bC]

- +{E V* n x W vx i nVB*
(V bC] E {S { ni )

- vxn bC]*

bC]

- vxn*
---------------------------------------------------------------------

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3. - Gi E l i-Si
Mh
-Gi
Mh
-.
*
Mh
.
Mh
..
Mh
..
Mh
..
Mh
.
Mh
..
Mh
.
Mh
..
Mh

E n <?
i { E*
+, E i {SS l* <ix M<?
, i g nV E * JE nJB* +SU * `

+SU, Z Wn x SB, +v E*
i n?
`B*
C V, C +?
i iW x Mi*
E iW * lb v{ {bx { B Mi * Ex
W +SU *
- {CE?
- V, {CE* +{x nEx ZB* VB* +M
+SU x M i ] nVB* { { n nM*
- +, , <ix +i?
- V, +{ M E S Vx x? Wx n M E
n Jx { M x Ei*
- Ub , E* +, BE E , S EEb +
BE U] JV n n*
- VB*
- Eix { B ?
- V i {, EEb, { + JV {
E E k {*
- + { * E n n *
-- VB,E n {* +<BM*
-- +SU , i S*
---------------------------------------------------------------

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4.i +SxE ni E l iSi

E
+Vi
E

- +, +Vi i ?
- W Vi * + i ?
- W Vi * x E "W < E B EU
SW Jn +" i S {b*
+Vi
- +SU, i l l S* + E ,Eix nx B
inJE, E l i?
E
- x l* xE E i < S M l*
+Vi
- i M xE ?
E
- + x* Ex n-ix IiE i SE *
+Vi
- +,! i +SU i * i W |ix *
< E x E xE i VBM* xSxi *
E
- Z |iI * ,+Vi ,i +{x i E*
+Vi
- C E, Vx i W E i MWi * x E<
{ix *
E
- i i {g< E +xi x?
+Vi
- ,<, +xi * Ex {gx EB i EU *
l |VC] * n P]x E x i*
E
- Ub , ix-S x E E * i
+SU xE VBM*
+Vi
- i <SU * + i W {S M*
E
- , ni, B Mi E Vn {S *
+Vi
- i E, E M* xE i i nx *
ExB*
E
- W * +n +Vi*
+Vi
- +n.
---------------------------------------------------------------Communication Skills in Hindi

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5.bEJx

- V, E{ Z {S +xin {j Eb + n n nVB*

bE - VB* S { B*

- S { VB*

bE - `E *

- V ,Z BE {b {] Vx *

bE - i {i JE n nVB*

- VB, * Eix B?

bE - {i {* < +{ E {i JB*

- I EVB, i M* E {SM x?

bE - V ,+{ xSxi B* {b {] x*

- +SU ,vxn.
-----------------------------------------------6. ]x -

- ixxi{ E Mb E xEi ?

]E]

- x V xEi *

- Z ixxi{ Vx * E C ?

]..

- i E h Vx *{ n ?

- { h* C v M?

]..

- V ,n-S ] E * S {*

- VB, S {* C Mb ] +M?

]..

- x V, x , +V { +M*

- +SU, vxn*

]..

- +SU, +{E Mi*

-------------------------------------------------------

Communication Skills in Hindi

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7. ]x { iSi-

,h P ?

x.

V * +{ Ex ?

* + +{*

h E * + h E i *

V I EVB, {Sx x {* i nx B +{ E
h xE*

+ Ub , ], E E i x*

V, +{ E + < E E{ `E-`E *

+SU, h E x nM*

E , +V C + Z +SxE n E?

+ , i BEj , BE JJ nx <*

+ ! Vn i+ x JJ*

Z <xbx E xE * +M }i Vx *

+SU, i ` E*

E, x {?

Ub , + i P {SM ,i* E | Ex ?

E]] * C i S + P +M?

, W +>M, + Ex *

h ,i Vn +x, i <xiW EM*

`E * i BE-n Phb M * i iE n*

h , n*

----------------------------------------------------------

Communication Skills in Hindi

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8. +{x P +B x iSix

- MMv P ?

MMv

- +<B, +<B, n{E V* i M +{ E*

- V * x l* BE x <n l*

MMv

- C V, E< i?

- x V, E i* + + ] * S E +{
E P S* iE EM C ?

MMv

- C x* i M * +{ E n J <*

- V, UbB* EB MMv V C C S ?

MMv

- C E V ! Wx C C i , S * ,
BE i , {b Vxp V x,=x BE ]
{E *

- +SU, i J E i * E , nJ< x ni?

MMv

- < * +{ E B EU x *

- B* , i +SU i * i nx B E l
EU J-{E*

MMv

- nJB, v {ix +{ E -iE EB |ii *

- xi V*

- xi........,+{ E ?

- +{ M E E{ l *

- VB, xi EVB*

- G* +{x B b E] E* <ix ? E
J EM?

Communication Skills in Hindi

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- J<B x..* i lb *

- V, +{ E l E |n* E Ub?........ x
E +{x b n] x *

MMv

- +V, <x lb + n* , +{ S {xn EM E?

- Z S {xn *

- VB, S...* < , +{ Ji C x? J<B , i

{ lb * E] E S{ +{ E +SU MM*

- +SU <, {] i M* + i E Jx M ZB*

- J< C +{x* P {Si-{Si {S VBM*

- +SU- + <VWi nVB* +E Phb-n Phb M*

+ S* +{ M E MJx { +x {bM*

MMv

- W +M n{E V. * +M ~i +M*

- i +M E +x* +SU xi*

MMv, P----- xi*

--------------------------------------------------------=SSh- xv EU i- E v =SSh xi * E =SSh H E
iE x SB* n E E n { E =SSh +xi
+ Vi * xn i n E Ex Ex + Z Vi
* =SSh +xE{i nJx E i <B =SSh
BE{i x EB EU i { vx nx +E *

Communication Skills in Hindi

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1. n E n E +xi '+' + i E =SSh x i*

+xi Vx xi Vi * V{iE- {iE * i-- i * +ni- +ni * S- S*
2. H +I E +xi n '+' + i = E { x
i, x {] =SSh i * V-r- r + * l- l +* |z- |z + *
3. E n E v n '+' + i = E {h =SSh
x i, + =E { E +I +vE n Vi * V Sx- Sx* - * nxi - nxi* +{x- +{x*
4. 'B' E =SSh E` + i E i '+' E { E Vi *
V- nx- nx * E - E * {n< -{n<*
5. '+' E =SSh E` + ` E i '+' E { E
Vi * V-- E - E * +i - + i * xE -x E*
6. HI E E vx x +x SB* VE- E * xx- x x* l - l*
7. 'Y' E =SSh 'ME { i * V+Y- +M * |iY -|iM* Yx - Mx* Yx- Mx*
8. '@' E =SSh '' E { i * V@ - * V- V * Ei -Gi* @h- h*
9. E n E +xi '<' vx + i =E =SSh E
Ex SB* vx Jx E Wn nE '<' E '<'
x V* V- xi -xi +<* {k -{i+ <* {] -{] + <*
10. b,f,E,J,M,V + E xS xH Mx c,g, F,K,N, W +
vx xi* vx nx SB E =SSh Mb x V*
=n-- cE, Sg<, F, K, NW, V*
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Module-4

1.EKANKI SUMAN
1. n EE- MiSh V
JE {SMiSh V +vxE xn i E `
ExE, ={xE, BEEE +n E { Ji * =xE Vx
=z V E (=.|) { M 30 +Mi, 1903 E + l* =xx
<n B, B.B. E ={v |{i E* =xE E Ij {nx-E,
-El Jx,+Eh, +n l* =xE ={x "- Sj " E B
i +En {E |{i + * {nh,+ V E xn ni
+n xi * V E xvx 5 +H 1981 E +*
+{E |Ei {iE------ ={x--+{x Jx, {ix,ix
,SjJ,- Sj, ]g-g i, v SS i, x +<,
|x + SE v{{ +n* Ex O- |ixv Ex, Ex,
Sxn,+ {h Ex* Ei O- EiB,x + BE
xW Ei* x]E- x]E, i* h- +ii E Mi , E x
V E EB* iSx-i E ri il {*
n EE E - MiSh V E n EE xE BEE
BE Sq{E Sx * BEE E E l{i Ex I *
l EE E E Si H E M * V EE
E n E nx * E E Si W, Ex EE
E E | En{ x Ei* x E E E]i
< BEE Ji * +xi MiSh V nJ ni E
EE E nIi E +M x xi H E {i x {bi *
Sbh BE E + ib BE SjE*
nx En xE BE En E BE E` E { i *
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=x { U x E E Sg + * Ex E =x {E
E xxjh {j { Ei J, V] E E EB* Ex
~i Ei * BE E| {S { E BE Sj E B i
{ nx Si * BE |EE VE x {xxn , JE E { nx
Sx Si * =E Ex E {iE E G x < * Ex i
x * B i nx j ,E B EE Si< E Ei *
Ex E V E EB + i = +{x Ex E EE
U x E E Ub* |EE {xxn EE { Ei
E Sbh {xxn E BE -Sb {h J nM V {xxn
E U,vJV V Sji EM* = |E xl xE Sj Jnx
+ H Ei E =E {i E Sj xE E] nM* CE
{j x +{x nx-{hi {i E xE E] n* < |E SE B E]
nx j { Ei * l Sbh {xxn
BE Pb ] E { +{xi * E {hE EE En
E Ubi *
BEEE MiSh V < U] BEE E v (
Sbh + ib E v ) V E +M xn nx Si E
E E ~i x i, =E +{x * EE E * E E
E, x EE E nx nJB, =VM Ex BEEE
B *
2. iB-={xpxl +EJE {S- +vxE xn i E J |i E EE
+EV E +{x lx * ={xpxl +E E Vx x 1910 n 10 E
Vxv,{V +* M E + iExn Ei B i- Ij
{n{h E* =n JE E { =xx i-Vx E + E
Ex n xn E JE E { Ji B* +v{x, Ij,
+n { =xE EIj * n {h { iE x* =xE xvx
19 Vx 1996 +* =xE 1972 E i hb x {E
xi E M*
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School of Distance Education

E, x]E, h, ={x, Ex,+Sx V

i E |: v+ J G * i =xE J {Sx BE
ElE E { * BEE x]E E |E M +E x <xE vx
+ =zx M n * +E x +{x BEE E B V - i Sx
, +{ E {Si P]xB * Ex +{x Sx- E
=xx =x x |h E n * vM Vx E nx,ic{, ,
M,{ +n E E fM |ii Ex ri * =xx +{x
BEE MS i+ E V { ] E *
iB xE BEE BE vh P ih E Ex |ii
Ei * z-z E { {i-{ix E Vx x U]-U]
+Mi +xx{i+ E Sjh < n M *
iB BEE E
i + v {i-{ix * {i v M E xS ih
{ i {ix =SS-vM E * <B nx E S il E +M
+M * i i <x nx ]E] x E * W U] -U]
i E E v + i E S ZMb i i *
v S{x < + E E n J Jx
ih { * < Eh E <{xn * z E EB
z i E ={M xvi Ei * SW E llx
Jx v iE * Ex {i i i E =] V * =
E EB x Vi E B, xx EB BE i {{i * z
E E xvi i E <i Ex i E +ni E r *
SW E llx Jx = ixE E x* B i E E
{i-{ix E S i E iMb Vi * +{x {i E +Sx Ei <
v Ei-"i E Z Ei , Exi Mxn{x E Z
n E SW * i Ec E g { `B*"
v Vx l x Si * <B = {i E i n
Sg * =E +x n E iB E |M E< |E E {n E
Ei , M i Ux =Si x* {i i = B]G xi *
vM V Vx = E * nx +{x +{x Wn { +b i *
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BE nx E i E W E i {i-{ix E S Ex Ub M
i v Gr E P xE Vx Mi * i i {i i E x Vx
EB +* +{x {ix E P UbE i n x EB
x Vi *
{i E S Vx E n v E B M E i = Gr E
S M * i E x = i x{x + +E{x i *
{i | {x EB nx E E Ei * {i E +ni E
+xEh Ei * +SxE +{x P + E x
+ni |E] Ei * SEi Vi * V {i P { + i
+{x n E ii * i J Vi *
BEE E +xi nJi E V xEx M E l BE
SS M M i v {i x Vi * M E J b]i *
i V +vx x nJ {b i E {Ux M i
i E b]x-{ Ex Mi * P E ih { E V x
{bi *
3.Vx {-i EJE {Si E xn i E Ex JE+
` * =xE Vx 2 x x 1940 E xnx +* =xx +OW
i xiEk ={v |{i E * ={x, Ex, Ei ,x]E ,xxv
+n xn i E z Ij =xx +{x U{ Ub * +OW
Ei Ji * i E E Ex ={x n-n E E<
t E {`G i *
Ex V E + E li { J, i
+n { j Ji i * x xYx,VE Mi
E v + =x =x E Sx +n iV E Sx+ E {Sx *
xn i {n , =k |n xn lx il hE =bx u
{Ei < *

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School of Distance Education

Vx { BEE E -

Vx { i E E BE B BEE V xE]
E {E xv E B jn {I =VM Ei , V { V
x E V Ei* < BEE i E H Ei E Jx E
i iE l + Vx xi { x * V xl Vb
E xv i Ei , E nJ j i ,ll
x*
b. EE BE YxE * B BE x fg xEx
Vi V iE E Wxn E Ei * = +{x JV
n |zi * Ex =xE M +x < ll E Vxi E
E xv E l- Vb i * b.EE +{x x E
<i E iE { Ex Si * S {j {gE i H E
P Vx Si * +x E l E { xM {Si *
BE {i E i { E xx ]-+ E nJE =x =x {i E
Wxn Ex E Ei * Ex <xx = B Sx n E
E< EE Ex + * BE B P M V BE E i
M * {j E Vx nx S ,Ex S {ix E x
+{x i * bC] E `i + E n*
b. EE < BE x i E P {S
VE {i E i < * =x iE E Vx nx E E*
bC] x S E n = v E B JJ M* Ex =
i x = E`x ix EE E- +{ vi M +{x J
E {j E ni x E>M* +xi EE BE v E P {S
VE {ix {b * iE E Vx nx E |i J Ex
{i x = nxE i ii B = |i E ] n* x
+J E Y{x E nJE VM VM xx Mx M*
+xi i B bC] E i ni B +x x E"Ub bC] +{ Ex i i i *{ b x*"
+xi b. EE < xiV {Si E Mi i { l*
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< BEE nJ Ei E +{x l

E Si E< {Vx < i E B i x E =xE SE xv
V =`* E Mx x E x]E < Ei E V
SE , + { x +M* M + p{ E i E
< BEE nxn i E +i x i *
----------------------------------------------------Model questions & Annotations

1. En x + Ex J Ex E xn n
ib E |iG C l?

i Sbh +

ib x En E E +{ E i xE |nx VM*
+ +{ E = i +{ E xE E x x x < Ex
Vx { x * Sbh x E E +M < Ex MB i {xxn
{h E En {h x nM*
2.xi E Sj Sjh EVB *
i E Vx BE xx vM { + l* =E U < l*
JJ i Ex * EU x U{i* =E Elx E =
Vx + Ph x, MxnM Ph x* {]n <B
EU n U{i x* =E x {ix E |i n { * {ix E
x {ix { i] E i x =E | EE E- " + i WxnM
E Z {< * Vx E n icE- cE x, +xi E
ogi *"
3. i {i E {xVx nx E xi E |iG C l?
bC] EE E xE xi x E` E -" Z
` l E +{ E{x + * S V<B * +{ Si +{
vi M ,+{x J E{j E ni E>M"*
4. " , x x ni l* =xE x E VM* " |M
J EVB*
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M i E E Vx { xE BEE

M * i E x < BEE E v +VE E {E Vx
x l- il {Jbi E nJ n *
bC] EE V iE E Wxn Ex +v ff xE i
= E |M Ex S* +{x j +x E l BE B
{i E P {S* VE =xx nJ E { {i E i i
n:J * ],B +n {i E MhMx Ei Ji l* = E n
E Elx * Ei {i ni l. Ex =x V nx E i {
Gr Vi *
5. "i Z Ph , Ph , j Ph * i
ih ih Ph Ei *" |M i J EVB*
xn E BEEE |l Mhx ={xpxl +E
V* vh vM { E M E V Vx |ii Ex =xx
S nJ * iB xE BEE z- z E { {i{ix E Vx E E Sjh |ii E *
i + v {i- {ix * v =SS v M + i xx v
M * v S{x <, l +n { S Jx * Ex i
E =] * < Eh E E nx E S ZMb i
i * v z-z E E B z iB Ji * Vi EB, xx
EB,+ l-J vx EB-V* {xi i <E ixE vx x ni*
E E B BE iB E <i Ei * BE nx B i E
E nx E S ZMb +* nx i iMb +* = v E
Sg { +i] E i Ei -i Z Ph ........* i ih
ih Ph Ei *
z-z E {x E Eh nx ]E] x i V
i * +E V x +ixi E fM < BEE E v
Sji E *.

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